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Al-Shawafi A, Zhu H, Haruna SI, Ibrahim YE, Yang J, Borito SM. Experimental Study of a Superabsorbent Polymer Hydrogel in an Alkali Environment and Its Effects on the Mechanical and Shrinkage Properties of Cement Mortars. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1158. [PMID: 38675077 PMCID: PMC11054658 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
As internal curing self-healing agents in concrete repair, the basic properties of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs), such as water absorption and release properties, are generally affected by several factors, including temperature and humidity solution properties and SAP particle size, which regulate the curing effect and the durability of cementitious composites. This study aimed to investigate the water retention capacities of SAPs in an alkaline environment over extended periods by incorporating liquid sodium silicate (SS) into SAP-water mixtures and examining the influence of temperature. The influence of SAP particle size on mortar's water absorption capacity and mechanical behavior was investigated. Two mixing techniques for SAPs (dry and pre-wetting) were employed to assess the influence of SAP on cement mortars' slump, mechanical properties, and cracking resistance. Four types of SAPs (SAP-a, SAP-b, SAP-c, and SAP-d), based on the molecular chains and particle size, were mixed with SS to study their water absorption over 30 days. The results showed that SAPs exhibit rapid water absorption within the first 30 min, exceeding 85% before reaching a saturation point, and the chemical and temperature variations in the water significantly affected water absorption and desorption. The filtration results revealed that SAP-d exhibited the slowest water release rate, retaining water for considerably longer than the other three types of SAPs. The mechanical properties of SAP mortar were reduced due to the addition of an SAP and the improved cracking resistance of the cement mortars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Al-Shawafi
- School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (A.A.-S.); (H.Z.); (J.Y.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Han Zhu
- School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (A.A.-S.); (H.Z.); (J.Y.); (S.M.B.)
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sadi Ibrahim Haruna
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yasser E. Ibrahim
- Engineering Management Department, College of Engineering, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh 11586, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Jian Yang
- School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (A.A.-S.); (H.Z.); (J.Y.); (S.M.B.)
| | - Said Mirgan Borito
- School of Civil Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China; (A.A.-S.); (H.Z.); (J.Y.); (S.M.B.)
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Clements C, Tunstall L, Bolanos Sosa HG, Hedayat A. Improvements in Hydrolytic Stability of Alkali-Activated Mine Tailings via Addition of Sodium Silicate Activator. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:957. [PMID: 38611215 PMCID: PMC11013743 DOI: 10.3390/polym16070957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Over 14 billion tons of mine tailings are produced throughout the world each year, and this type of waste is generally stored onsite indefinitely. Alkali activation is a promising strategy for the reuse of mine tailings to produce construction materials, converting this waste stream into a value-added product. One major problem with alkali-activated mine tailings is their low durability in water (i.e., low hydrolytic stability). In this article, the influence of a mixed sodium hydroxide/sodium silicate alkali activator on the compressive strength, hydrolytic stability, and microstructure of alkali-activated materials (AAMs) were systematically investigated. XRD, FTIR, NMR, and NAD were used to investigate microstructural changes, and a water immersion test was used to show improvements in hydrolytic stability. For gold mine tailings activated with pure sodium hydroxide, the compressive strength was 15 MPa and a seven-day water immersion test caused a strength loss of 70%. With an addition of 1 M sodium silicate in the activator, the AAMs achieved a compressive strength of over 30 MPa and strength loss of only 45%. This paper proposes a mechanism explaining why the strength and hydrolytic stability of AAMs are dependent on the dosage of soluble silicate. A high dosage of sodium silicate inhibits the depolymerization of the source material, which results in a sample with less amorphous aluminosilicate gel and, therefore, lower hydrolytic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara Clements
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, CO 80401, USA; (L.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Lori Tunstall
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, CO 80401, USA; (L.T.); (A.H.)
| | - Hector Gelber Bolanos Sosa
- Metallurgical Engineering Department, National University of San Agustin de Arequipa, Santa Cataline No. 117, Arequipa 04000, Peru;
| | - Ahmadreza Hedayat
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, 1500 Illinois Street, Golden, CO 80401, USA; (L.T.); (A.H.)
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3
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Shao Y, Wang Y, Yang F, Du C, Zhu J, Ran Y, Bao Q, Shan Y, Zhang W. Sodium Silicate/Urea/Melamine Ternary Synergistic Waterborne Acrylic Acid Flame-Retardant Coating and Its Flame-Retardant Mechanism. Molecules 2024; 29:1472. [PMID: 38611752 PMCID: PMC11013455 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Waterborne acrylic coatings, the largest market share of predominant environmentally friendly coatings, face limitations in their extensive application due to their flammability. The flame-retardant properties of the coatings could be significantly enhanced by incorporate inorganic flame retardants. However, inorganic flame retardants tend to aggregate and unevenly disperse in waterborne acrylic coatings, causing a substantial decrease in flame retardancy. In this work, sodium silicate was utilized as a flame retardant, with urea and melamine serving as modifiers and synergistic agents. This combination resulted in the preparation of a sodium silicate/urea/melamine ternary synergistic waterborne acrylic flame-retardant coating. This coating was applied to the surface of poplar veneer to create flame-retardant poplar veneer. Subsequently, various instruments, including a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a limiting oxygen index meter (LOI), a thermogravimetric analyzer (TG), and a cone calorimeter (CONE), were employed to investigate the relevant properties and mechanisms of both the flame-retardant coating and poplar veneer. The results demonstrated that the sodium silicate/urea/melamine ternary synergistic flame retardant did not exhibit aggregation and could be uniformly dispersed in waterborne acrylic coatings. The physical and mechanical properties of the ternary synergistic flame-retardant poplar veneer coating were satisfactory. Melamine and urea, acting as modifiers, not only greatly enhanced the dispersibility of sodium silicate in waterborne acrylic coatings, but also assisted in the formation of a silicon-containing char layer through the generation of nitrogen, achieving ternary synergistic flame retardancy. In conclusion, this work explores a novel method to efficiently and uniformly disperse inorganic flame retardants in organic coatings. It significantly improves the dispersibility and uniformity of inorganic flame retardants in organic polymers, thereby substantially enhancing the flame-retardant performance of coatings. This work provides a theoretical basis for the research and application of new flame-retardant coatings in the field of chemistry and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Shao
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (Y.R.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Yuting Wang
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (Y.R.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Fei Yang
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (Y.R.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Chungui Du
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (Y.R.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Jiawei Zhu
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (Y.R.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Ying Ran
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (Y.R.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Qichao Bao
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (Y.R.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Yingying Shan
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
| | - Weigang Zhang
- Bamboo Industry Institute, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (Y.S.); (Y.W.); (F.Y.); (Y.R.); (Q.B.); (W.Z.)
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Zhejiang A & F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
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4
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Lee JT, Kang M, Bae JY. The Facile Synthesis and Application of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with a Vinyl Functional Group for Plastic Recycling. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2295. [PMID: 38396972 PMCID: PMC10889503 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Due to growing concerns about environmental pollution from plastic waste, plastic recycling research is gaining momentum. Traditional methods, such as incorporating inorganic particles, increasing cross-linking density with peroxides, and blending with silicone monomers, often improve mechanical properties but reduce flexibility for specific performance requirements. This study focuses on synthesizing silica nanoparticles with vinyl functional groups and evaluating their mechanical performance when used in recycled plastics. Silica precursors, namely sodium silicate and vinyltrimethoxysilane (VTMS), combined with a surfactant, were employed to create pores, increasing silica's surface area. The early-stage introduction of vinyl functional groups prevented the typical post-synthesis reduction in surface area. Porous silica was produced in varying quantities of VTMS, and the synthesized porous silica nanomaterials were incorporated into recycled polyethylene to induce cross-linking. Despite a decrease in surface area with increasing VTMS content, a significant surface area of 883 m2/g was achieved. In conclusion, porous silica with the right amount of vinyl content exhibited improved mechanical performance, including increased tensile strength, compared to conventional porous silica. This study shows that synthesized porous silica with integrated vinyl functional groups effectively enhances the performance of recycled plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jae Young Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Keimyung University, Daegu 42601, Republic of Korea; (J.-t.L.); (M.K.)
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5
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Wang H, Shu L, Ma K, He X. Durability Improvement of Pumice Lightweight Aggregate Concrete by Incorporating Modified Rubber Powder with Sodium Silicate. Materials (Basel) 2024; 17:786. [PMID: 38399038 PMCID: PMC10890366 DOI: 10.3390/ma17040786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
To improve the durability of pumice lightweight aggregate concrete applied in cold and drought areas, sodium silicate-modified waste tire rubber powder is used to treat the pumice lightweight aggregate concrete. The pumice lightweight aggregate concrete studied is mainly used in river lining structures. It will be eroded by water flow and the impact of ice and other injuries, resulting in reduced durability, and the addition of modified rubber will reduce the damage. The durability, including mass loss rate and relative dynamic elastic modulus of pumice lightweight aggregate concrete with different sodium silicate dosages and rubber power particle sizes, is analyzed under freeze-thaw cycles, and the microstructure is further characterized by using microscopic test methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance tests, ultra-depth 3D microscope tests, and scanning electron microscopy tests. The results showed that the durability of pumice lightweight aggregate concrete is significantly improved by the addition of modified waste tire rubber powder, and the optimum durability is achieved when using 2 wt% sodium silicate modified rubber power with a particle size of 20, and then the mass loss rate decreased from 4.54% to 0.77% and the relative dynamic elastic modulus increased from 50.34% to 64.87% after 300 freeze-thaw cycles compared with other samples. The scanning electron microscopy test result showed that the surface of rubber power is cleaner after the modification of sodium silicate, so the bonding ability between rubber power and cement hydration products is improved, which further improved the durability of concrete under the freeze-thaw cycle. The results of the nuclear magnetic resonance test showed that the pore area increased with the number of freeze-thaw cycles, and the small pores gradually evolved into large pores. The effect of sodium silicate on the modification of rubber power with different particle sizes is different. After the treatment of 2 wt% sodium silicate, the relationship between the increased rate of pore area and the number of freezing-thawing cycles is 23.8/times for the pumice lightweight aggregate concrete containing rubber power with a particle size of 20 and 35.3/times for the pumice lightweight aggregate concrete containing a particle size of 80 rubber power, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Wang
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
- Autonomous Region Collaborative Innovation Center for Integrated Water Resources and Water Environment Management in Inner Mongolia Section of Yellow River Basin, Hohhot 010018, China
| | - Libin Shu
- College of Water Conservancy and Civil Engineering, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018, China;
| | - Kuaile Ma
- Department of Building Engineering and Technology, Vocational and Technical College of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 014109, China;
| | - Xingxing He
- State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;
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6
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Liu T, Yao W, Han J, Liu Y, Wang H. Research on Damage Evolution Law of Glazed Hollow Beads-Cement/ Sodium Silicate Grouting Materials under Different Cycles of Loading and Unloading. Materials (Basel) 2023; 17:204. [PMID: 38204057 PMCID: PMC10780268 DOI: 10.3390/ma17010204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
With the depletion of shallow resources, deep resource mining has become a trend. However, the high temperature and complex stress environment in deep mines make resource extraction extremely challenging. This paper developed a thermal insulation grouting material made of glazed hollow beads, sodium silicate, and cement and tested the compressive strength, gelation time, and stone rate under various curing days in light of the issue of high temperature heat damage in high ground temperature mines and the impact of mining on roadway grouting bolt support. Fatigue strength, fatigue deformation, load-residual strain, energy evolution and microscopic features were studied and analyzed in relation to the damage law of graded cyclic loading and unloading under the number of varying cycles. The findings demonstrate that cyclic loading and unloading strength is lower than uniaxial compressive strength. The fatigue strength is significantly decreased when the number of cycles reaches its limit. Residual strain is less sensitive to changes in stress than load strain. The fitting correlation coefficients of total output energy and elastic energy are higher than 0.71.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; (T.L.)
| | - Weijing Yao
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; (T.L.)
- Anhui Key Laboratory of Mining Construction Engineering, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China
- Postdoctoral Science Research Workstation, Wuhu Surveying and Mapping Design Institute Co., Ltd., Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jinxiu Han
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; (T.L.)
| | - Yu Liu
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; (T.L.)
| | - Heng Wang
- School of Civil Engineering and Architecture, Anhui University of Science and Technology, Huainan 232001, China; (T.L.)
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Kabadayı SN, Sadiq NB, Hamayun M, Park NI, Kim HY. Impact of Sodium Silicate Supplemented, IR-Treated Panax Ginseng on Extraction Optimization for Enhanced Anti-Tyrosinase and Antioxidant Activity: A Response Surface Methodology (RSM) Approach. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 13:54. [PMID: 38247479 PMCID: PMC10812770 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Ginseng has long been widely used for its therapeutic potential. In our current study, we investigated the impact of abiotic stress induced by infrared (IR) radiations and sodium silicate on the upregulation of antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase levels, as well as the total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of the Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) variety Yeonpoong. The RSM-based design was used to optimize ultrasonic-assisted extraction time (1-3 h) and temperature (40-60 °C) for better anti-tyrosinase activity and improved antioxidant potential. The optimal extraction results were obtained with a one-hour extraction time, at a temperature of 40 °C, and with a 1.0 mM sodium silicate treatment. We recorded maximum anti-tyrosinase (53.69%) and antioxidant (40.39%) activities when RSM conditions were kept at 875.2 mg GAE/100 g TPC, and 3219.58 mg catechin/100 g. When 1.0 mM sodium silicate was added to the media and extracted at 40 °C for 1 h, the highest total ginsenoside content (368.09 mg/g) was recorded, with variations in individual ginsenosides. Ginsenosides Rb1, Rd, and F2 were significantly affected by extraction temperature, while Rb2 and Rc were influenced by the sodium silicate concentration. Moreover, ginsenoside F2 increased with the sodium silicate treatment, while the Rg3-S content decreased. Interestingly, higher temperatures favored greater ginsenoside diversity while sodium silicate impacted PPD-type ginsenosides. It was observed that the actual experimental values closely matched the predicted values, and this agreement was statistically significant at a 95% confidence level. Our findings suggest that the application of IR irradiation in hydroponic systems can help to improve the quality of ginseng sprouts when supplemented with sodium silicate in hydroponic media. Optimized extraction conditions using ultrasonication can be helpful in improving antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seda Nur Kabadayı
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (S.N.K.); (N.B.S.)
| | - Nooruddin Bin Sadiq
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (S.N.K.); (N.B.S.)
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea;
| | - Muhammad Hamayun
- Department of Botany, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan;
| | - Nam-Il Park
- Department of Plant Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, Republic of Korea;
| | - Ho-Youn Kim
- Smart Farm Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology (KIST), Gangneung 25451, Republic of Korea; (S.N.K.); (N.B.S.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
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Jiang Q, Xu P, Xu J, Hou M, Liu Q, Dai B. Preparation and Evaluation of Composite Hydrogel for Reducing the Leakage Rate of Lost Circulation. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4218. [PMID: 37959898 PMCID: PMC10647633 DOI: 10.3390/polym15214218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Fractured reservoirs are widely distributed and rich in hydrocarbon resources. When encountering fractured reservoirs during the drilling process, it is often accompanied by formation losses characterized by high leak-off rates, causing severe damage to the reservoir and hindering the detection of oil and gas layers, which is not conducive to the accurate and efficient development of the reservoirs. Conventional plugging materials have poor retention effects in the fractures, resulting in the low stability of the sealing layer. The treatment of malignant lost circulation in fractured formations is an urgent problem to be solved in drilling engineering. This article focuses on improving the success rate of formation plugging through the combined use of multiple plugging materials and develops a composite hydrogel that can effectively reduce leakage rates. This hydrogel is mainly composed of materials such as polyvinyl alcohol, borax, and sodium silicate. It has good temperature resistance, maintains good gel strength at 60 °C, and can maintain long-term performance stability under simulated geological water conditions with salinity of 12,500 mg/L. For immersion corrosion by water or gasoline, the amount of corrosion is small and its fundamental performance remains largely unchanged. Through indoor simulation of a leak formation scenario, the hydrogel demonstrates commendable sealing pressure-bearing capacity. In terms of delaying fluid leakage, mixing the hydrogel with cement slurry at a ratio of 1:1 can delay the leakage rate of the cement slurry by a factor of 5.29.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qisheng Jiang
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China;
- School of Petroleum Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China; (Q.L.); (B.D.)
| | - Peng Xu
- Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China;
- School of Petroleum Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China; (Q.L.); (B.D.)
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Drilling and Production Engineering, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China
- Jingzhou Jiahua Technology Co., Ltd., Jingzhou 434023, China
| | - Jie Xu
- Haikou Marine Geological Survey Center, China Geological Survey, Haikou 571127, China
| | - Manfu Hou
- Bohai Drilling International Engineering Company, Tianjin 300450, China;
| | - Qinglin Liu
- School of Petroleum Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China; (Q.L.); (B.D.)
| | - Baimei Dai
- School of Petroleum Engineering, National Engineering Research Center for Oil & Gas Drilling and Completion Technology, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China; (Q.L.); (B.D.)
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Pérez-Casas JA, Zaldívar-Cadena AA, Álvarez-Mendez A, Ruiz-Valdés JJ, de la Parra-Arciniega SM, López-Pérez DC, Sánchez-Vázquez AI. Sugarcane Bagasse Ash as an Alternative Source of Silicon Dioxide in Sodium Silicate Synthesis. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:6327. [PMID: 37763603 PMCID: PMC10532699 DOI: 10.3390/ma16186327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
To reduce the environmental impacts from sodium silicate synthesis, a ceramic method was suggested, with sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as the source of silicon dioxide and sodium carbonate. Although the production of sodium silicate is carried out on a large scale, it should be noted that its process requires temperatures above 1000 °C; it also requires the use of highly corrosive agents such as sodium hydroxide and chlorine gas to neutralize the remaining sodium hydroxide. In the present study, the synthesis temperatures were reduced to 800 °C with a reaction time of 3 h by pressing equimolar mixtures of previously purified SCBA and sodium carbonate; then, heat treatment was carried out under the indicated conditions. The resulting materials were analyzed with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Among the crystalline phases, calcium disodium silicate was identified, in addition to sodium silicate; thus, it was inferred that the other components of the ash can interfere with the synthesis of silicate. Therefore, in order to obtain the highest composition of sodium silicate, a leaching treatment of the SCBA is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús A. Pérez-Casas
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Universidad s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico (J.J.R.-V.); (S.M.d.l.P.-A.)
| | - Antonio A. Zaldívar-Cadena
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Universidad s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (A.A.Z.-C.); (D.C.L.-P.)
| | - Anabel Álvarez-Mendez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Universidad s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico (J.J.R.-V.); (S.M.d.l.P.-A.)
| | - Juan Jacobo Ruiz-Valdés
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Universidad s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico (J.J.R.-V.); (S.M.d.l.P.-A.)
| | - Salomé M. de la Parra-Arciniega
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Universidad s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico (J.J.R.-V.); (S.M.d.l.P.-A.)
| | - David C. López-Pérez
- Facultad de Ingeniería Civil, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Universidad s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico; (A.A.Z.-C.); (D.C.L.-P.)
| | - Astrid I. Sánchez-Vázquez
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, Avenida Universidad s/n, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico (J.J.R.-V.); (S.M.d.l.P.-A.)
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10
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Bouzón N, Font A, Borrachero MV, Soriano L, Monzó J, Tashima MM, Payá J. Evaluation of Thermochemical Treatments for Rice Husk Ash Valorisation as a Source of Silica in Preparing Geopolymers. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:4667. [PMID: 37444980 DOI: 10.3390/ma16134667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of geopolymers has revolutionized research in the field of construction. Although their carbon footprint is often lower than that of traditional mortars with Portland cement, activators such as sodium silicate have a high environmental impact in the manufacturing of materials. Employing alternative alkali sources to produce geopolymers is necessary to obtain materials with a lower carbon footprint. The present research explores the use of rice husk ash (RHA) as an alternative source of silica to produce alkaline activators by four methods: reflux; high pressure and temperature reaction; thermal bath at 65 °C; and shaking at room temperature. To evaluate the efficiency of these methods, two types of experiments were performed: (a) analysing silica dissolved by the filtering/gravimetric method; and (b) manufacturing mortars to compare the effectiveness of the treatment in mechanical strength terms. The percentages of dissolved silica measured by the gravimetric method gave silica dissolution values of 70-80%. The mortars with the best mechanical strength results were the mixtures prepared with the thermal bath treatment at 65 °C. Mortar cured for 1 day (at 65 °C), prepared with this activator, yielded 45 MPa versus the mortar with commercial reagents (40.1 MPa). It was generally concluded that utilising original or milled RHA in preparing activators has minimal influence on either the percentage of dissolved silica or the mechanical strength development of the mortars with this alternative activator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Bouzón
- Institute of Concrete Science and Technology (ICITECH), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Alba Font
- Institute of Concrete Science and Technology (ICITECH), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
| | - María Victoria Borrachero
- Institute of Concrete Science and Technology (ICITECH), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Lourdes Soriano
- Institute of Concrete Science and Technology (ICITECH), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
| | - José Monzó
- Institute of Concrete Science and Technology (ICITECH), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Mauro M Tashima
- Institute of Concrete Science and Technology (ICITECH), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
| | - Jordi Payá
- Institute of Concrete Science and Technology (ICITECH), Universitat Politècnica de València, 46022 València, Spain
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11
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Chen M, Zhou Z, Wang X, Zhao Y, Zhou Y. Performance Study of Diamond Powder-Filled Sodium Silicate-Based Thermal Conductive Adhesives. Materials (Basel) 2023; 16:ma16113937. [PMID: 37297071 DOI: 10.3390/ma16113937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With the development of miniaturized, highly integrated, and multifunctional electronic devices, the heat flow per unit area has increased dramatically, making heat dissipation a bottleneck in the development of the electronics industry. The purpose of this study is to develop a new inorganic thermal conductive adhesive to overcome the contradiction between the thermal conductivity and mechanical properties of organic thermal conductive adhesives. In this study, an inorganic matrix material, sodium silicate, was used, and diamond powder was modified to become a thermal conductive filler. The influence of the content of diamond powder on the thermal conductive adhesive properties was studied through systematic characterization and testing. In the experiment, diamond powder modified by 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane coupling agent was selected as the thermal conductive filler and filled into a sodium silicate matrix with a mass fraction of 34% to prepare a series of inorganic thermal conductive adhesives. The thermal conductivity of the diamond powder and its content on the thermal conductivity of the adhesive were studied by testing the thermal conductivity and taking SEM photos. In addition, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and EDS testing were used to analyze the composition of the modified diamond powder surface. Through the study of diamond content, it was found that as the diamond content gradually increases, the adhesive performance of the thermal conductive adhesive first increases and then decreases. The best adhesive performance was achieved when the diamond mass fraction was 60%, with a tensile shear strength of 1.83 MPa. As the diamond content increased, the thermal conductivity of the thermal conductive adhesive first increased and then decreased. The best thermal conductivity was achieved when the diamond mass fraction was 50%, with a thermal conductivity coefficient of 10.32 W/(m·K). The best adhesive performance and thermal conductivity were achieved when the diamond mass fraction was between 50% and 60%. The inorganic thermal conductive adhesive system based on sodium silicate and diamond proposed in this study has outstanding comprehensive performance and is a promising new thermal conductive material that can replace organic thermal conductive adhesives. The results of this study provide new ideas and methods for the development of inorganic thermal conductive adhesives and are expected to promote the application and development of inorganic thermal conductive materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Chen
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zhihao Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xu Wang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yangchun Zhao
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yongmin Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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12
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Kang S, Vo TKQ, An SA, Kim HS. Investigating the effects of physical properties of sulphur-based carriers on autotrophic denitrification. Environ Technol 2023; 44:108-117. [PMID: 34344268 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2021.1964610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, four sulphur-based carriers (C1-C4) which have different mass ratio of sodium silicate to carrier from 30% to 50% (C1-C3) and the existence of water (C4) were prepared in order to evaluate the effect of the different physical properties on denitrification in sulphur-based autotrophic processes. While the apparent density and the compressive strength decreased as the proportion of sodium silicate increased and water was added in the carriers, the average pore size and the porosity increased from 0.43 to 3.13 µm and from 38% to 67%, respectively. The treatment system using the carrier C4 with the highest surface area was stabilized most rapidly and achieved the highest nitrogen removal efficiency of 85.6 ± 5.0% during a relatively short HRT of 3 h. The efficiency of nitrate removal was enhanced by 36.9% due to the increase of the ratio of sodium silicate in the carriers from C1 to C3, and more 4.8% point of removal rate increased in the carrier C4 by adding water to the carrier C3. The sum of Thiobacillus and Sulfurimonas was obtained up to 65.90% among the microbial community in the carrier C4 which has the highest distribution (38.35%) of pore size above 20 µm considered to be favourable for retaining autotrophic denitrifiers. From the above results, it is obvious that the physical properties of the sulphur-based carrier and its ability of denitrification can be influenced significantly by the composition of the carrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyeon Kang
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Thi-Kim-Quyen Vo
- Faculty of Environment - Natural Resources and Climate Change, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry (HUFI), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sun-A An
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Han-Seung Kim
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Myongji University, Yongin-si, Republic of Korea
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13
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Zain-ul-abdein M, Ahmed F, Channa IA, Makhdoom MA, Ali R, Ehsan M, Aamir A, Ul Haq E, Nadeem M, Shafi HZ, Shar MA, Alhazaa A. Synthesis of Geopolymer from a Novel Aluminosilicate-Based Natural Soil Precursor Using Electric Oven Curing for Improved Mechanical Strength. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:7757. [PMID: 36363347 PMCID: PMC9658141 DOI: 10.3390/ma15217757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Natural soil (NS)-based geopolymers (GPs) have shown promise as environmentally friendly construction materials. The production of ordinary Portland cement is known to release significant amounts of greenhouse gas (CO2) into the atmosphere. The main objective of this work is to synthesize a geopolymer (GP) from an uncommon aluminosilicate-based NS and a sodium silicate (SS) activating solution that would not only minimize the emission of harmful gases, but also offer improved mechanical strength. Samples of different compositions were produced by varying the wt.% of NS from 50% to 80% and adding a balancing amount of SS solution. The drying and curing of the samples were carried out in an electric oven at specific temperatures. The degree of geopolymerization in the samples was measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and microstructural analysis was performed using a scanning electron microscope. Mechanical tests were conducted to evaluate the range of compressive strength values of the prepared GP samples. A minimum compressive strength of 10.93 MPa at a maximum porosity of 37.56% was observed in a sample with an NS to SS ratio of 1:1; while a ratio of 3:1 led to the maximum compressive strength of 26.39 MPa and the minimum porosity of 24.60%. The maximum strength (26.39 MPa) was found to be more than the reported strength values for similar systems. Moreover, an improvement in strength by a factor of three has been observed relative to previously developed NS-based GPs. It may be inferred from the findings that for the given NS, with almost 90% aluminosilicate content, the extent of geopolymerization increases significantly with its increasing proportions, yielding better mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zain-ul-abdein
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Furqan Ahmed
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Iftikhar Ahmed Channa
- Department of Metallurgical Engineering, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Off University Road, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Atif Makhdoom
- Institute of Metallurgy and Materials Engineering, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Raza Ali
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ehsan
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Abdullah Aamir
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Ehsan Ul Haq
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering (MME), Faculty of Chemical, Metallurgical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology (UET), Lahore 54890, Pakistan
| | - Hafiz Zahid Shafi
- National Institute of Lasers and Optronics College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Nilore, Islamabad 45650, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ali Shar
- Department of Mechanical & Energy Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Informatics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, UK
| | - Abdulaziz Alhazaa
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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14
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Han Y, Yang R, Wang Q, Wang B, Prusky D. Sodium silicate promotes wound healing by inducing the deposition of suberin polyphenolic and lignin in potato tubers. Front Plant Sci 2022; 13:942022. [PMID: 36092440 PMCID: PMC9453558 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.942022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a postharvest characteristic of potato tubers through accumulating suberin and lignin, which could reduce decay and water loss during storage. This study aimed to explore the impact and mechanisms of sodium silicate on wound healing of potatoes. After being wounded, "Atlantic" potato tubers were treated with water or 50 mM sodium silicate. The results showed that sodium silicate treatment accelerated the formation of wound healing structures and significantly reduced the weight loss and disease index of tubers. Furthermore, sodium silicate induced the genes expression and enzyme activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL), 4-coumarate: coenzyme A ligase (4CL), and cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase (CAD) involved in the phenylpropane metabolism, enhancing the synthesis of the main precursors of suberin polyphenolic (SPP) and lignin, such as coniferyl alcohol, sinapyl alcohol, and cinnamyl alcohol. Meanwhile, the gene expression of StPOD and StNOX was activated, and the production of O2- and H2O2 was promoted, which could be used for injury signal transmission and oxidative crosslinking of SPP monomers and lignin precursors. Besides, antimicrobial compounds, total phenolics, and flavonoids were also induced. We suggest that sodium silicate could promote wound healing by inducing the deposition of SPP, lignin, and antimicrobial compounds in potato tubers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Han
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ruirui Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Qihui Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Bin Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dov Prusky
- Department of Postharvest Science of Fresh Produce, Agricultural Research Organization, Rishon LeZion, Israel
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15
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Yang Z, Zhang D, Fang C, Jiao Y, Kang D, Yan C, Zhang J. Hydration Mechanisms of Alkali-Activated Cementitious Materials with Ternary Solid Waste Composition. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15103616. [PMID: 35629642 PMCID: PMC9143352 DOI: 10.3390/ma15103616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Considering the recent eco-friendly and efficient utilization of three kinds of solid waste, including calcium silicate slag (CSS), fly ash (FA), and blast-furnace slag (BFS), alkali-activated cementitious composite materials using these three waste products were prepared with varying content of sodium silicate solution. The hydration mechanisms of the cementitious materials were analyzed by X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show that the composite is a binary cementitious system composed of C(N)-A-S-H and C-S-H. Si and Al minerals in FA and BFS are depolymerized to form the Q0 structure of SiO4 and AlO4. Meanwhile, β-dicalcium silicate in CSS hydrates to form C-S-H and Ca(OH)2. Part of Ca(OH)2 reacts with the Q0 structure of AlO4 and SiO4 to produce lawsonite and wairakite with a low polymerization degree of the Si-O and Al-O bonds. With the participation of Na+, part of Ca(OH)2 reacts with the Q0 structure of AlO4 and the Q3 structure of SiO4, which comes from the sodium silicate solution. When the sodium silicate content is 9.2%, the macro properties of the composites effectively reach saturation. The compressive strength for composites with 9.2% sodium silicate was 23.7 and 35.9 MPa after curing for 7 and 28 days, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Yang
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (D.Z.); (C.F.); (Y.J.); (D.K.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Green Development for Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-18104711683
| | - De Zhang
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (D.Z.); (C.F.); (Y.J.); (D.K.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Green Development for Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Chengyang Fang
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (D.Z.); (C.F.); (Y.J.); (D.K.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Green Development for Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Yang Jiao
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (D.Z.); (C.F.); (Y.J.); (D.K.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Green Development for Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Dong Kang
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (D.Z.); (C.F.); (Y.J.); (D.K.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Green Development for Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Changwang Yan
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (D.Z.); (C.F.); (Y.J.); (D.K.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Green Development for Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
| | - Ju Zhang
- School of Mining and Technology, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China; (D.Z.); (C.F.); (Y.J.); (D.K.); (C.Y.); (J.Z.)
- The Key Laboratory of Green Development for Mineral Resources, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot 010051, China
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16
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Soto-Felix M, Baldenebro-Lopez FJ, Carreño-Gallardo C, Herrera-Ramirez JM. Hybrid Cements with ZnO Additions: Hydration, Compressive Strength and Microstructure. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041278. [PMID: 35209069 PMCID: PMC8875015 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of ZnO has already been studied for Portland cement, but the study of its impact on hybrid pastes is scarce. Thus, in this investigation, the influence of ZnO addition on hydration, compressive strength, microstructure, and structure of hybrid pastes is presented. The analyses were made by setting time tests, compressive strength tests, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis with differential scanning calorimetry, and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The results indicate that the setting time of the cements was delayed up to 39 min with additions of 3 wt% ZnO. Alternatively, the higher values of compressive strength were observed when 0.5 wt% ZnO was added to the cements for all curing days. In addition, no important differences in the microstructure of samples with different additions of ZnO were observed after 28 days of curing. It is expected that the use of ZnO contributes to the delay of the setting time and the increase of the compressive strength without negatively modifying the microstructure of hybrid pastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnolia Soto-Felix
- Departamento de Posgrado de la, Facultad de Ingeniería Culiacán, Universidad Autónoma de Sinaloa, Culiacán 80010, Mexico;
| | | | - Caleb Carreño-Gallardo
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.C.-G.); (J.M.H.-R.); Tel.: +52-614-4394816 (C.C.-G.); +52-614-4394827 (J.M.H.-R.)
| | - Jose Martin Herrera-Ramirez
- Centro de Investigación en Materiales Avanzados (CIMAV), Laboratorio Nacional de Nanotecnología, Chihuahua 31136, Mexico
- Correspondence: (C.C.-G.); (J.M.H.-R.); Tel.: +52-614-4394816 (C.C.-G.); +52-614-4394827 (J.M.H.-R.)
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17
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Liu J, Ju B, Xie W, Zhou T, Xiao H, Dong S, Yang W. Evaluation of the Effects of Surface Treatment Methods on the Properties of Coral Aggregate and Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:6784. [PMID: 34832184 DOI: 10.3390/ma14226784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Coral concrete has low cost and convenient materials, making it an excellent raw material for processing. However, its lower strength limits the application of coral concrete. Surface modification is expected to increase the properties of porous coral concrete. In this study, single and compound modification treatments were applied to the surface of a coral aggregate to improve its properties for promoting the mechanical performance of coral concrete. The results showed that the micro-aggregate effect and pozzolanic activity of granulated blast furnace slag (GBFS) and the permeability and polycondensation of sodium silicate (SS) could be mutually promoted. The GBFS and SS could effectively fill the pores of the coral aggregate, enhancing the properties of the aggregate, such as density and load-bearing capacity, and reducing the water absorption and crushing index by more than 50%. GBFS and SS could intensify and accelerate the hydration of cement, and generate a large number of hard hydration products at the interfacial transition zone (ITZ), which could strengthen the bonding between the aggregate and mortar, improving the strength of the ITZ. The compressive strength of the coral concrete was significantly increased.
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18
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Chen SN, Li PK, Hsieh TH, Ho KS, Hong YM. Enhancements on Flame Resistance by Inorganic Silicate-Based Intumescent Coating Materials. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14216628. [PMID: 34772152 PMCID: PMC8585383 DOI: 10.3390/ma14216628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Flame-retardant coatings have drawn much attention in recent years. In this study, an inorganic sodium silicate-based intumescent flame-resistance coating with an excellent flameproof properties is developed by mainly utilizing sodium silicate as the ceramizable binder, via hydrolysis and self-condensation reaction. Fly ash, metakaoline, and wollastonite behave as supplement cementing materials. Major formulation encompasses the combination of the ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol as the flame-retardant additives, and aluminum hydroxide or expandable graphite as the intumescence-improving filler agents. Expandable graphite was found to play an important role in the eventual performance of flame-resistance testing. The results showed that solid interaction forces can be formed between metakaoline and sodium silicate, resulting in a similar material to geopolymer with excellent physical properties. After high-temperature flame testing, a densely complex protective layer of carbon-char created on top of the robust silicon dioxide networks offers notable flame resistance. An optimal ratio in this inorganic intumescent coating contains sodium silicate—metakaoline (weight ratio = 9:1)—ammonium polyphosphate and pentaerythritol, aluminum hydroxide (3, 3, 10 wt.%)—expandable graphite (1 wt.%), which can create 4.7 times higher expansion ratio compared with neat sodium silicate matrix. The results of flame testing demonstrate only 387.1 °C and 506.3 °C on the back surface of steel substrate after one and three hours flaming (>1000 °C) on the other surface, respectively, which could meet the requirements according to the level of fire rating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin-Nan Chen
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 807618, Taiwan; (S.-N.C.); (P.-K.L.)
| | - Pei-Kai Li
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 807618, Taiwan; (S.-N.C.); (P.-K.L.)
| | - Tar-Hwa Hsieh
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 807618, Taiwan; (S.-N.C.); (P.-K.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.-H.H.); (K.-S.H.)
| | - Ko-Shan Ho
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Kaohsiung University of Science and Technology, Kaohsiung City 807618, Taiwan; (S.-N.C.); (P.-K.L.)
- Correspondence: (T.-H.H.); (K.-S.H.)
| | - Yu-Meng Hong
- Department of Chemistry, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan 70101, Taiwan;
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19
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Wang Y, Lin Z, Tang C, Hao W. Influencing Factors on the Healing Performance of Microcapsule Self-Healing Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14154139. [PMID: 34361333 PMCID: PMC8347480 DOI: 10.3390/ma14154139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 07/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The amounts of the components in a microcapsule self-healing system significantly impact the basic performance and self-healing performance of concrete. In this paper, an orthogonal experimental design is used to investigate the healing performance of microcapsule self-healing concrete under different pre-damage loads. The strength recovery performance and sound speed recovery performance under extensive damage are analyzed. The optimum factor combination of the microcapsule self-healing concrete is obtained. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) are carried out on the concrete samples before and after healing to determine the healing mechanism. The results show that the healing effect of self-healing concrete decreases with an increase in the pre-damage load, and the sound speed recovery rate increases with an increase in the damage degree. The influence of the sodium silicate content on the compressive strength and compressive strength recovery rate of the self-healing concrete increases, followed by a decrease. The optimum combination of factors of the microcapsule self-healing system is 3% microcapsules, 30% sodium silicate, and 15% sodium fluosilicate. The results can be used for the design and preparation of self-healing concrete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanju Wang
- Beijing Institute of Aeronautical Materials, Aviation Engine Corporation of China, Beijing 100095, China;
| | - Zhiyang Lin
- Jiangsu Surveying and Design Institute of Water Resources Co., Ltd., Yangzhou 225127, China;
| | - Can Tang
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Institute of Structural Health Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (W.H.)
| | - Wenfeng Hao
- Faculty of Civil Engineering and Mechanics, Institute of Structural Health Management, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
- Correspondence: (C.T.); (W.H.)
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Minkowicz L, Dagan A, Uvarov V, Benny O. Controlling Calcium Carbonate Particle Morphology, Size, and Molecular Order Using Silicate. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14133525. [PMID: 34202681 PMCID: PMC8269534 DOI: 10.3390/ma14133525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is one of the most abundant substances on earth and has a large array of industrial applications. Considerable research has been conducted in an effort to synthesize calcium carbonate microparticles with controllable and specific morphologies and sizes. CaCO3 produced by a precipitation reaction of calcium nitrate and sodium carbonate solution was found to have high polymorphism and batch to batch variability. In this study, we investigated the polymorphism of the precipitated material and analyzed the chemical composition, particle morphology, and crystalline state revealing that the presence of silicon atoms in the precipitant is a key factor effecting particle shape and crystal state. An elemental analysis of single particles within a polymorphic sample, using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) conjugated microscopy, showed that only spherical particles, but not irregular shaped one, contained traces of silicon atoms. In agreement, silicon-containing additives lead to homogenous, amorphous nanosphere particles, verified by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). Our findings provide important insights into the mechanism of calcium carbonate synthesis, as well as introducing a method to control the precipitants at the micro-scale for many diverse applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lior Minkowicz
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (L.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Arie Dagan
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (L.M.); (A.D.)
| | - Vladimir Uvarov
- The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, The Faculty of Science, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel;
| | - Ofra Benny
- The Institute for Drug Research, The School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91120, Israel; (L.M.); (A.D.)
- Correspondence:
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21
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Chai W, Zhang L, Li W, Zhang M, Huang J, Zhang W. Preparation of Plastics- and Foaming Agent-Free and Porous Bamboo Charcoal based Composites Using Sodium Silicate as Adhesives. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14102468. [PMID: 34064560 PMCID: PMC8151041 DOI: 10.3390/ma14102468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plastics and foaming agents are often used to prepare large-size and low-density bamboo charcoal (BC) based composites. In this study, a plastic-free and foaming agent-free BC based composite was prepared by substituting sodium silicate (SS) for plastics. The effect of both the BC particle sizes and the usage amount of SS on the mechanical and adsorptive properties of the BC/SS composites were investigated. The experimental results show that when the BC particle size is 270 μm and the mass ratio of BC to SS is equal to 10:5, the BC/SS composite has the optimal foaming effect and best comprehensive properties. In addition, the foaming pores of the composite are caused by water vapor, which has difficulty escaping the BC because of the blockage of SS during the hot pressing process. In the BC/SS composite (10:5), the static bending intensity and the compressive strength reach respectively 6.13 MPa and 5.5 MPa, and the average pore size and porosity are 557.85 nm and 52.03%, respectively. In addition, its formaldehyde adsorptionrate reaches 21.6%. In view of good mechanical properties, formaldehyde adsorption, and environmentally friendly performance, the BC/SS composite has a great potential as a core layer of interior building materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weisheng Chai
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.C.); (L.Z.); (W.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Liang Zhang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.C.); (L.Z.); (W.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Wenzhu Li
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.C.); (L.Z.); (W.L.); (M.Z.)
| | - Min Zhang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.C.); (L.Z.); (W.L.); (M.Z.)
- Research Institute for Sustainable Humanosphere, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Jingda Huang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.C.); (L.Z.); (W.L.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (W.Z.)
| | - Wenbiao Zhang
- School of Engineering, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; (W.C.); (L.Z.); (W.L.); (M.Z.)
- Correspondence: (J.H.); (W.Z.)
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22
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Aghasadeghi K, Peldszus S, Trueman BF, Mishrra A, Cooke MG, Slawson RM, Giammar DE, Gagnon GA, Huck PM. Pilot-scale comparison of sodium silicates, orthophosphate and pH adjustment to reduce lead release from lead service lines. Water Res 2021; 195:116955. [PMID: 33714013 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2021.116955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sodium silicate is thought to mitigate lead release via two mechanisms: by increasing pH and by forming a protective silica film. A pilot-scale study using an excavated lead service line (LSL) fed with water from a Great Lakes source was undertaken to: (1) clearly distinguish the pH effect and the silica effect; (2) compare sodium silicate to orthophosphate and pH adjustment; (3) determine the nature of silica accumulation in the pipe scale. The LSL was cut into segments and acclimated with water at pH 7.1. Median dissolved lead was 197 µg/L in the last 8 weeks of acclimation and dropped to 16 µg/L, 54 µg/L, and 85 µg/L following treatment with orthophosphate (dose: 2.6 mg-PO4/L, pH: 7.9), pH adjustment (pH: 7.9) and sodium silicate (dose: 20 mg-SiO2/L, pH: 7.9), respectively. When silica dose was increased from 20 mg-SiO2/L to 25 mg-SiO2/L (pH: 8.1), lead release destabilized and increased (median dissolved lead: 141 µg/L) due to formation of colloidal dispersions composed mainly of lead- and aluminum-rich phases as detected by field flow fractionation used with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Si was present in the scale at a maximum of 2.2 atomic % after 17 weeks of silica dosing at 20 mg- SiO2/L. Under the conditions tested, sodium silicate did not offer any benefits for reducing lead release from this LSL other than increasing pH. However, sodium silicate resulted in lower levels of biofilm accumulation on pipe walls, as measured by heterotrophic plate counts, when compared to orthophosphate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimia Aghasadeghi
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada.
| | - Sigrid Peldszus
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Benjamin F Trueman
- Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Anushka Mishrra
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Mitchell G Cooke
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Robin M Slawson
- Department of Biology, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Daniel E Giammar
- Department of Energy, Environmental & Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri 63130, USA
| | - Graham A Gagnon
- Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 4R2, Canada
| | - Peter M Huck
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3G1, Canada
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Li B, Trueman BF, Munoz S, Locsin JM, Gagnon GA. Impact of sodium silicate on lead release and colloid size distributions in drinking water. Water Res 2021; 190:116709. [PMID: 33341036 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2020.116709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Sodium silicates have been used in drinking water treatment for decades as sequestrants and corrosion inhibitors. For the latter purpose they are poorly understood, which presents a potential public health risk. We investigated a common sodium silicate formulation as a treatment for lead release and compared it to orthophosphate, a well-established lead corrosion control treatment. We also compared the size distributions of colloids generated in silicate and orthophosphate-treated systems using field flow fractionation with multielement detection. At a moderate dose of 24 mg SiO2/L, sodium silicate yielded a median lead release of 398 µg/L, while orthophosphate yielded 67 µg Pb/L. At an elevated dose of 48 mg SiO2/L, sodium silicate dispersed corrosion scale in cast iron pipe sections and lead service lines, resulting in a substantial release of colloidal iron and lead. In the silicate-treated system, a silicon-rich coating occurred at the lead-water interface, but lead carbonate remained the major corrosion product and appeared to control lead levels. These data suggest that, as a corrosion control treatment for lead, sodium silicate is inferior to orthophosphate in circumneutral pH water with low alkalinity. And, as with polyphosphate, excess silicate can be highly detrimental to controlling lead release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bofu Li
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Benjamin F Trueman
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Sebastian Munoz
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Javier M Locsin
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2
| | - Graham A Gagnon
- Centre for Water Resources Studies, Department of Civil & Resource Engineering, Dalhousie University, 1360 Barrington St., Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada B3H 4R2.
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Ataie FF. Utilization of Treated Agricultural Residue Ash as Sodium Silicate in Alkali Activated Slag Systems. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14020329. [PMID: 33440645 PMCID: PMC7827805 DOI: 10.3390/ma14020329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the influence of rice straw ash (RSA), rice husk ash (RHA), and silica fume (SF) on alkali activated slag (AAS) systems. RSA, RHA, and SF were treated with sodium hydroxide to improve their reactivity in AAS systems. Although addition of SF in AAS systems increased compressive strength, samples containing RSA or RHA had higher compressive strength than those having SF. Treated RSA or RHA further increased compressive strength of AAS samples. It was shown that samples containing treated ash samples had similar compressive strength to those made with sodium silica activator. Therefore, it is suggested that treated ash samples could be used as alternative sources of silica for AAS. Drying shrinkage of AAS samples increased considerably when treated RSA or RHA were used as partial replacement of slag. This could be attributed to higher silica modulus (SiO2/Na2O) ratio of samples containing treated ash, which in turn would lead to a finer pore size structure compared to control samples. However, SF significantly reduced drying shrinkage of AAS. This could be because SF reduces the permeability and porosity of AAS samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feraidon F Ataie
- Concrete Industry Management Program, California State University-Chico, 400 West First Street, Chico, CA 95926, USA
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Trisopon K, Kittipongpatana N, Kittipongpatana OS. A Spray-Dried, Co-Processed Rice Starch as a Multifunctional Excipient for Direct Compression. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12060518. [PMID: 32517241 PMCID: PMC7355677 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12060518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A new co-processed, rice starch-based excipient (CS) was developed via a spray-drying technique. Native rice starch (RS) was suspended in aqueous solutions of 10%–15% cross-linked carboxymethyl rice starch (CCMS) and 0.5%–6.75% silicon dioxide (in the form of sodium silicate), before spray drying. The resulting CSs were obtained as spherical agglomerates, with improved flowability. The compressibility study revealed an improved plastic deformation profile of RS, leading to better compaction and tensile strength. The presence of CCMS also ensured a rapid disintegration of the compressed tablets. CS-CCMS:SiO2 (10:2.7), prepared with 10% CCMS, 2.7% silicon dioxide, and 40% solid content, was found to exhibit the best characteristics. Compared to the two commercial DC excipients, Prosolv® and Tablettose®, the flow property of CS-CCMS:SiO2 (10:2.7) was not significantly different, while the tensile strength was 23%: lower than that of Prosolv® but 4 times higher than that of Tablettose® at 196 MPa compression force. The disintegration time of CS-CCMS:SiO2 (10:2.7) tablet (28 s) was practically identical to that of Tablettose® tablet (26 s) and far superior to that of Prosolv® tablet (>30 min). These results show that CSs could potentially be employed as a multifunctional excipient for the manufacturing of commercial tablets by DC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karnkamol Trisopon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.); (N.K.)
| | - Nisit Kittipongpatana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.); (N.K.)
- Research Center for Development of Local Lanna Rice and Rice Products, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ornanong Suwannapakul Kittipongpatana
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (K.T.); (N.K.)
- Research Center for Development of Local Lanna Rice and Rice Products, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +66-87-301-0978
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26
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Słonina M, Dziurka D, Smardzewski J. Experimental Research and Numerical Analysis of the Elastic Properties of Paper Cell Cores before and after Impregnation. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:ma13092058. [PMID: 32365659 PMCID: PMC7254193 DOI: 10.3390/ma13092058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The research hypothesis states that the impregnation of the honeycomb paper core of lightweight sandwich panels with modified starch, sodium silicate and epoxy resin (LiquidWood®) resin has a significant effect on its elastic properties. In this study, a recycled paper was used in three thicknesses, seven types of cell shapes, including two after numerical optimization and three types of impregnating agents. The method of digital image analysis determined the elastic constants of manufactured paper cores, which were subjected to axial compression in two directions. Based on the experimental results, elastic constants of the cores were calculated and compared with the results of numerical calculations. It has been shown that each of the impregnating solutions used improved the stiffness of the paper core. The best results were obtained for LiquidWood® epoxy resin and modified starch. An important parameter of cell geometry affecting their rigidity is the angle of the cell wall φ, as well as the arrangement of the common cell wall in relation to the direction of load. The numerical models developed were positively verified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Słonina
- Department of Furniture Design, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Dorota Dziurka
- Department of Wood-Based Materials, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
| | - Jerzy Smardzewski
- Department of Furniture Design, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznan, Poland;
- Correspondence:
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Uribe L, Giraldo JD, Vargas A. Effect of the Operational Conditions in the Characteristics of Ceramic Foams Obtained from Quartz and Sodium Silicate. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E1806. [PMID: 32290430 DOI: 10.3390/ma13081806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Ceramic foams were fabricated without using melting pots through the direct foaming of compacted powder mixtures of commercial quartz (SiO2) with fluxing agents (Na2CO3 and CaO) and a foaming agent (Na2SiO3·5H2O) at a relatively low temperature range (850-870 °C). The effects of the pressing pressure of the powders, the foaming time, foaming temperature, and mixture content were evaluated. The obtained cellular solid materials presented an acceptable volumetric expansion at a pressing pressure of 4 t. The materials only presented porosity at a minimum temperature of 850 °C and at a minimum time of 30 min. All the foamed samples showed an acceptable symmetric expansion and non-appreciable fissures. The study of the mixture content through the statistical software MODDE® shows that the porosity of the samples was principally affected by the Na2SiO3 content and the foaming temperature. The samples obtained at the optimum controlling factors proposed by this statistical software presented an apparent density, porosity, and mechanical strength of 1.09 ± 0.03 g/cm3, 56.01% ± 1.12%, and 3.90 ± 0.16 MPa, respectively. Glass and ceramics foams such as those obtained in this work become attractive as insulation materials in applications where high temperatures occur due to their higher melting points.
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De Nardi C, Gardner D, Jefferson AD. Development of 3D Printed Networks in Self-Healing Concrete. Materials (Basel) 2020; 13:E1328. [PMID: 32183343 PMCID: PMC7143803 DOI: 10.3390/ma13061328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a new form of biomimetic cementitious material, which employs 3D-printed tetrahedral mini-vascular networks (MVNs) to store and deliver healing agents to damage sites within cementitious matrices. The MVNs are required to not only protect the healing agent for a sufficient period of time but also survive the mixing process, release the healing agent when the cementitious matrix is damaged, and have minimal impact on the physical and mechanical properties of the host cementitious matrix. A systematic study is described which fulfilled these design requirements and determined the most appropriate form and material for the MVNs. A subsequent series of experiments showed that MVNs filled with sodium silicate, embedded in concrete specimens, are able to respond effectively to damage, behave as a perfusable vascular system and thus act as healing agent reservoirs that are available for multiple damage-healing events. It was also proved that healing agents encapsulated within these MVNs can be transported to cracked zones in concrete elements under capillary driving action, and produce a recovery of strength, stiffness and fracture energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina De Nardi
- Resilient Materials for Life (RM4L) Research Group, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales CF243AA, UK
| | - Diane Gardner
- Resilient Materials for Life (RM4L) Research Group, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales CF243AA, UK
| | - Anthony Duncan Jefferson
- Resilient Materials for Life (RM4L) Research Group, School of Engineering, Cardiff University, Wales CF243AA, UK
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Ge Y, Duan B, Li C, Wei M, Chen Y, Li X, Tang Q. Application of sodium silicate retards apple softening by suppressing the activity of enzymes related to cell wall degradation. J Sci Food Agric 2019; 99:1828-1833. [PMID: 30255560 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.9376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND During the storage of apples, apple softening is one of the main problems. Sodium silicate has been used to enhance disease resistance and maintain quality of fruits. In the present study, apple fruit (cv. Golden delicious) were treated with 100 mmol L-1 sodium silicate for 10 min and stored at 20 °C to investigate its effects on weight loss, flesh firmness, and the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes. RESULTS The results indicated that 100 mmol L-1 of sodium silicate treatment delayed the increase of weight loss and decrease of the flesh firmness in apples. Sodium silicate treatment also suppressed the activity of polygalacturonic acid transeliminase and pectin methyltranseliminase, pectin methylgalacturonase, polygalacturonase, cellulase and β-galactosidase in the fruit. CONCLUSIONS Delaying apple softening by sodium silicate treatment is closely related to the inhibition of the activity of cell wall-degrading enzymes and weight loss. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Ge
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, P. R. China
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, P. R. China
| | - Bin Duan
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, P. R. China
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, P. R. China
| | - Canying Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, P. R. China
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, P. R. China
| | - Meilin Wei
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, P. R. China
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, P. R. China
| | - Yanru Chen
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, P. R. China
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, P. R. China
| | - Xue Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, P. R. China
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, P. R. China
| | - Qi Tang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Bohai University, Jinzhou, P. R. China
- Food Safety Key Laboratory of Liaoning Province; National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Storage, Processing and Safety Control Technology for Fresh Agricultural and Aquatic Products, Jinzhou, P. R. China
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30
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He W, Li X, Ding K, Li Y, Li W. Ascorbic Acid can Reverse the Inhibition of Phytic Acid, Sodium Oxalate and Sodium Silicate on Iron Absorption in Caco-2 cells. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 88:65-72. [PMID: 31119995 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the present study is to determine the effect of phytic acid (PA), sodium oxalate (SO) and sodium silicate (SS) on non-heme iron bioavailability in both the presence and absence of ascorbic acid (AA) using an in vitro digestion/Caco-2 cell model, and the levels of AA needed to promote Fe absorption from Fe complexed with PA, SO or SS were also determined. The results indicated that adding PA at 1:1, 3:1, 5:1 and 10:1 molar as compared to Fe decreased ferrous iron uptake by 55.80 %(P < 0.05), 72.33 % (P < 0.05), 73.32 % (P < 0.05), and 73.26 % (P < 0.05), respectively. Adding SS at 1:1, 3:1, 5:1 and 10:1 molar as compared to Fe also decreased ferrous iron uptake by 51.40 % (P < 0.05), 66.12 %(P < 0.05), 60.19 % (P < 0.05) and 45.11 % (P < 0.05), respectively. Adding SO at 5:1 and 10:1 molar as compared to Fe decreased ferrous iron uptake by 40.81 % (P < 0.05) and 33.14 % (P < 0.05), respectively. When adding AA to iron plus organic acid medias reached molar ratios of 5:5:1 AA:PA:Fe, 3:5:1 AA:SO:Fe and 5:5:1 AA:SS:Fe, iron absorption from FeSO4 were significantly increased (P < 0.05). However, no significant effect was observed in iron absorption from FeCl3 when adding AA to the media. The results showed that PA, SS or SO decreases iron uptake from ferrous Fe, and AA can counteract their inhibiting effect on ferrous iron absorption and thus increase ferrous iron uptake. The results may be important for elucidating factors affecting iron bioavailability in the small intestine and for the development of foods with improved iron bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanling He
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Li
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Ding
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanxiao Li
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Li
- 1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
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Ryu SM, Ahn MW, Park CH, Lee GW, Song IH, Ahn HS, Kim J, Kim S. Effect of water glass coating of tricalcium phosphate granules on in vivo bone formation. J Biomater Appl 2018; 33:662-672. [PMID: 30396326 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218808038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, some authors introduced a water glass (WG, sodium-silicate glass; Na2O·SiO2·nH2O) coating over tricalcium phosphate (TCP) bioceramic to modulate its resorption rate and enhance the bone cell behaviors. In this study, four different types of granular samples were prepared to evaluate the ability of new bone formation in vivo using micro-computed tomography and histology. METHODS Four types sample groups: group A (pure HA as a negative resorption control); group B (pure TCP as a positive resorption control); group C (WG-coated TCP as an early resorption model); and group D (same as group C but heat-treated at 500°C as a delayed resorption model). Cylindrical tube-type carriers with holes were fabricated with HA by extrusion and sintering. Each carrier was filled densely with each granular sample. Four types of tubes were implanted into the medial femoral condyle and medial tibial condyle of New Zealand White rabbits. RESULTS The HA group (A) showed the lowest amount of new bone formation. All the TCP sample groups (B, C, and D) showed more new bone formation. On the other hand, among the TCP groups, group C (early resorption model) showed slightly more bone formation. The amount of residual bioceramics was most abundant in the HA group (A). All the TCP sample groups showed less residual bioceramics than group A. Among the TCP groups, group C showed slightly more residual bioceramics. Group B showed the lowest amount of residual bioceramics. CONCLUSIONS The WG-coated TCP sample (group C) is the best bone substitute candidate because of its proper biodegradation rate and the Si ions release because the WG-coated layer reduces the material resorption and enhances the new bone formation. That is, the WG-coated TCP is believed to be the best material for the application of an artificial bone substitute material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Min Ryu
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, Korea
- 5 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Military Manpower Administration Gwangju and Jeollanam-do Regional Office, 119 Yangnim-ro, Dong-gu, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Myun Whan Ahn
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chul Hyun Park
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Gun Woo Lee
- 1 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Yeungnam University Medical Center, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - In Hwan Song
- 2 Department of Anatomy, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, 170 Hyeonchung-ro, Nam-gu, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hyo Sae Ahn
- 3 Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Bon Hospital, 8, Seunghak-ro, Saha-gu, Busan, Korea
| | - Jooseong Kim
- 4 Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Korea
| | - Sukyoung Kim
- 4 Materials Science and Engineering, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, Gyeongbuk, Korea
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Zhou D, Wang Y, Tian P, Jing P, Sun M, Chen X, Xu X, Li D, Mei S, Liu X, Zhang W, Guo R, Qu S, Zhang H. Microwave-Assisted Heating Method toward Multicolor Quantum Dot-Based Phosphors with Much Improved Luminescence. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:27160-27170. [PMID: 30047725 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b06323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Solid-state highly photoluminescent quantum dot (QD)-based phosphors attract great scientific interests as color converters because of an increasing demand for white-light-emitting devices. Herein, a microwave-assisted heating method is presented to fabricate multicolor QD-based phosphors within 30 s through microwave-assisted heating of the mixture of QDs and sodium silicate aqueous solution. In the composites, the formed cross-linked networks not only play as a matrix to prevent QD aggregation in solid state but also cause the variation of the refractive index around QDs and the QD surface optimization, which contributes to good stabilities and twice enhancement in photoluminescence quantum yields (69%) compared with the initial QD aqueous solution (33%). Using the QD-based phosphors as color conversion layers, white-light-emitting diodes were realized with controllable color temperature, high color purity, and high color-rendering index (90.3), which show a great potential in display and illumination. Furthermore, the luminescence lifetime of the QD-based phosphors is less than 25 ns. The potential application of the QD-based phosphors in visible light communication was also demonstrated, with the modulation bandwidth achieving 42 MHz.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033 , P. R. China
| | | | - Pengfei Tian
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Lighting Technology, Ministry of Education; Institute for Electric Light Sources , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China
| | - Pengtao Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033 , P. R. China
| | - Maolei Sun
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Jilin University , Changchun 130021 , P. R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Jilin University , Changchun 130021 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaowei Xu
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology , Jilin University , Changchun 130021 , P. R. China
| | - Di Li
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033 , P. R. China
| | - Shiliang Mei
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Lighting Technology, Ministry of Education; Institute for Electric Light Sources , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Liu
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Lighting Technology, Ministry of Education; Institute for Electric Light Sources , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China
| | - Wanlu Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Lighting Technology, Ministry of Education; Institute for Electric Light Sources , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China
| | - Ruiqian Guo
- Engineering Research Center of Advanced Lighting Technology, Ministry of Education; Institute for Electric Light Sources , Fudan University , Shanghai 200433 , P. R. China
| | - Songnan Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Luminescence and Applications, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Changchun 130033 , P. R. China
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Zhou X, Shen Y, Fu X, Wu F. Application of Sodium Silicate Enhances Cucumber Resistance to Fusarium Wilt and Alters Soil Microbial Communities. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:624. [PMID: 29868080 PMCID: PMC5958222 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Exogenous silicates can enhance plant resistance to pathogens and change soil microbial communities. However, the relationship between changes in soil microbial communities and enhanced plant resistance remains unclear. Here, effects of exogenous sodium silicate on cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) seedling resistance to Fusarium wilt caused by the soil-borne pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cucumerinum Owen (FOC) were investigated by drenching soil with 2 mM sodium silicate. Soil bacterial and fungal community abundances and compositions were estimated by real-time PCR and high-throughput amplicon sequencing; then, feedback effects of changes in soil biota on cucumber seedling resistance to FOC were assessed. Moreover, effects of sodium silicate on the growth of FOC and Streptomyces DHV3-2, an antagonistic bacterium to FOC, were investigated both in vitro and in the soil environment. Results showed that exogenous sodium silicate enhanced cucumber seedling growth and resistance to FOC. In bare soil, sodium silicate increased bacterial and fungal community abundances and diversities. In cucumber-cultivated soil, sodium silicate increased bacterial community abundances, but decreased fungal community abundances and diversities. Sodium silicate also changed soil bacterial and fungal communality compositions, and especially, decreased the relative abundances of microbial taxa containing plant pathogens but increased these with plant-beneficial potentials. Moreover, sodium silicate increased the abundance of Streptomyces DHV3-2 in soil. Soil biota from cucumber-cultivated soil treated with sodium silicate decreased cucumber seedling Fusarium wilt disease index, and enhanced cucumber seedling growth and defense-related enzyme activities in roots. Sodium silicate at pH 9.85 inhibited FOC abundance in vitro, but did not affect FOC abundance in soil. Overall, our results suggested that, in cucumber-cultivated soil, sodium silicate increased cucumber seedling resistance to Fusarium wilt by changing soil microbial communities rather than by directly inhibiting the growth of FOC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Zhou
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China
| | - Yanhui Shen
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xuepeng Fu
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Fengzhi Wu
- Department of Horticulture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
- Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Horticultural Crops (Northeast Region), Ministry of Agriculture, Harbin, China
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Ait Ouarabi M, Antonaci P, Boubenider F, Gliozzi AS, Scalerandi M. Ultrasonic Monitoring of the Interaction between Cement Matrix and Alkaline Silicate Solution in Self-Healing Systems. Materials (Basel) 2017; 10:ma10010046. [PMID: 28772405 PMCID: PMC5344599 DOI: 10.3390/ma10010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2016] [Revised: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Alkaline solutions, such as sodium, potassium or lithium silicates, appear to be very promising as healing agents for the development of encapsulated self-healing concretes. However, the evolution of their mechanical and acoustic properties in time has not yet been completely clarified, especially regarding their behavior and related kinetics when they are used in the form of a thin layer in contact with a hardened cement matrix. This study aims to monitor, using linear and nonlinear ultrasonic methods, the evolution of a sodium silicate solution interacting with a cement matrix in the presence of localized cracks. The ultrasonic inspection via linear methods revealed that an almost complete recovery of the elastic and acoustic properties occurred within a few days of healing. The nonlinear ultrasonic measurements contributed to provide further insight into the kinetics of the recovery due to the presence of the healing agent. A good regain of mechanical performance was ascertained through flexural tests at the end of the healing process, confirming the suitability of sodium silicate as a healing agent for self-healing cementitious systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohand Ait Ouarabi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Condensed Matter and Complex Systems Physics Institute, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
- Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar 16111, Algeria.
| | - Paola Antonaci
- Department of Structural, Geotechnical and Building Engineering, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Fouad Boubenider
- Laboratoire de Physique des Matériaux, Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene, BP 32 El Alia, Bab Ezzouar 16111, Algeria.
| | - Antonio S Gliozzi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Condensed Matter and Complex Systems Physics Institute, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
| | - Marco Scalerandi
- Department of Applied Science and Technology, Condensed Matter and Complex Systems Physics Institute, Politecnico di Torino, 10129 Torino, Italy.
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Spataru CI, Ianchis R, Petcu C, Nistor CL, Purcar V, Trica B, Nitu SG, Somoghi R, Alexandrescu E, Oancea F, Donescu D. Synthesis of Non-Toxic Silica Particles Stabilized by Molecular Complex Oleic-Acid/Sodium Oleate. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1936. [PMID: 27869768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17111936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The present work is focused on the preparation of biocompatible silica particles from sodium silicate, stabilized by a vesicular system containing oleic acid (OLA) and its alkaline salt (OLANa). Silica nanoparticles were generated by the partial neutralization of oleic acid (OLA), with the sodium cation present in the aqueous solutions of sodium silicate. At the molar ratio OLA/Na+ = 2:1, the molar ratio (OLA/OLANa = 1:1) required to form vesicles, in which the carboxyl and carboxylate groups have equal concentrations, was achieved. In order to obtain hydrophobically modified silica particles, octadecyltriethoxysilane (ODTES) was added in a sodium silicate sol–gel mixture at different molar ratios. The interactions between the octadecyl groups from the modified silica and the oleyl chains from the OLA/OLANa stabilizing system were investigated via simultaneous thermogravimetry (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) (TG-DSC) analyses.A significant decrease in vaporization enthalpy and an increase in amount of ODTES were observed. Additionally, that the hydrophobic interaction between OLA and ODTES has a strong impact on the hybrids’ final morphology and on their textural characteristics was revealed. The highest hydrodynamic average diameter and the most negative ζ potential were recorded for the hybrid in which the ODTES/sodium silicate molar ratio was 1:5. The obtained mesoporous silica particles, stabilized by the OLA/OLANa vesicular system, may find application as carriers for hydrophobic bioactive molecules.
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Nistor CL, Ianchis R, Ghiurea M, Nicolae CA, Spataru CI, Culita DC, Pandele Cusu J, Fruth V, Oancea F, Donescu D. Aqueous Dispersions of Silica Stabilized with Oleic Acid Obtained by Green Chemistry. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2016; 6:nano6010009. [PMID: 28344265 PMCID: PMC5302543 DOI: 10.3390/nano6010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Revised: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study describes for the first time the synthesis of silica nanoparticles starting from sodium silicate and oleic acid (OLA). The interactions between OLA and sodium silicate require an optimal OLA/OLANa molar ratio able to generate vesicles that can stabilize silica particles obtained by the sol-gel process of sodium silicate. The optimal molar ratio of OLA/OLANa can be ensured by a proper selection of OLA and respectively of sodium silicate concentration. The titration of sodium silicate with OLA revealed a stabilization phenomenon of silica/OLA vesicles and the dependence between their average size and reagent’s molar ratio. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) measurements emphasized the successful synthesis of silica nanoparticles starting from renewable materials, in mild condition of green chemistry. By grafting octadecyltrimethoxysilane on the initial silica particles, an increased interaction between silica particles and the OLA/OLANa complex was achieved. This interaction between the oleyl and octadecyl chains resulted in the formation of stable gel-like aqueous systems. Subsequently, olive oil and an oleophylic red dye were solubilized in these stable aqueous systems. This great dispersing capacity of oleosoluble compounds opens new perspectives for future green chemistry applications. After the removal of water and of the organic chains by thermal treatment, mesoporous silica was obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Lavinia Nistor
- R & D National Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th District, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Raluca Ianchis
- R & D National Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th District, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Marius Ghiurea
- R & D National Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th District, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Cristian-Andi Nicolae
- R & D National Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th District, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Catalin-Ilie Spataru
- R & D National Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th District, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Daniela Cristina Culita
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry of Romania Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th District, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Jeanina Pandele Cusu
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry of Romania Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th District, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Victor Fruth
- "Ilie Murgulescu" Institute of Physical Chemistry of Romania Academy, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th District, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Florin Oancea
- R & D National Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th District, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
| | - Dan Donescu
- R & D National Institute for Chemistry and Petrochemistry, Spl. Independentei 202, 6th District, 060021 Bucharest, Romania.
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Zhao S, Jiang B, Maeder T, Muralt P, Kim N, Matam SK, Jeong E, Han YL, Koebel MM. Dimensional and Structural Control of Silica Aerogel Membranes for Miniaturized Motionless Gas Pumps. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:18803-18814. [PMID: 26244330 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b05462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
With growing public interest in portable electronics such as micro fuel cells, micro gas total analysis systems, and portable medical devices, the need for miniaturized air pumps with minimal electrical power consumption is on the rise. Thus, the development and downsizing of next-generation thermal transpiration gas pumps has been investigated intensively during the last decades. Such a system relies on a mesoporous membrane that generates a thermomolecular pressure gradient under the action of an applied temperature bias. However, the development of highly miniaturized active membrane materials with tailored porosity and optimized pumping performance remains a major challenge. Here we report a systematic study on the manufacturing of aerogel membranes using an optimized, minimal-shrinkage sol-gel process, leading to low thermal conductivity and high air conductance. This combination of properties results in superior performance for miniaturized thermomolecular air pump applications. The engineering of such aerogel membranes, which implies pore structure control and chemical surface modification, requires both chemical processing know-how and a detailed understanding of the influence of the material properties on the spatial flow rate density. Optimal pumping performance was found for devices with integrated membranes with a density of 0.062 g cm(-3) and an average pore size of 142.0 nm. Benchmarking of such low-density hydrophobic active aerogel membranes gave an air flow rate density of 3.85 sccm·cm(-2) at an operating temperature of 400 °C. Such a silica aerogel membrane based system has shown more than 50% higher pumping performance when compared to conventional transpiration pump membrane materials as well as the ability to withstand higher operating temperatures (up to 440 °C). This study highlights new perspectives for the development of miniaturized thermal transpiration air pumps while offering insights into the fundamentals of molecular pumping in three-dimensional open-mesoporous materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanyu Zhao
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Bo Jiang
- EPFL, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Maeder
- EPFL, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Paul Muralt
- EPFL, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Lausanne , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nayoung Kim
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Santhosh Kumar Matam
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Eunho Jeong
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Yen-Lin Han
- Seattle University , Seattle, Washington 98122, United States
| | - Matthias M Koebel
- EMPA, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology , CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
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Zhou E, Payne SJO, Hofmann R, Andrews RC. Factors affecting lead release in sodium silicate-treated partial lead service line replacements. J Environ Sci Health A Tox Hazard Subst Environ Eng 2015; 50:922-930. [PMID: 26061205 DOI: 10.1080/10934529.2015.1030283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Water quality parameters affecting sodium silicate performance in partial lead service line replacements were examined using a fractional factorial experimental design and static pipe systems. An external copper wire was used to create a galvanic connection between a former lead service line and a new copper pipe. The pipe systems were filled with lab prepared water made to mimic real water quality. Water was changed on a three times per week basis. A 2(4-1) fractional factorial design was used to evaluate the impact of alkalinity (15 mg L(-1) or 250 mg L(-1) as CaCO3), nitrate (1 mg L(-1) or 7 mg L(-1) as N), natural organic matter (1 mg L(-1) or 7 mg L(-1) as dissolved organic carbon), and disinfectant type (1 mg L(-1) chlorine or 3 mg L(-1) monochloramine), resulting in eight treatment conditions. Fractional factorial analysis revealed that alkalinity, natural organic matter and monochloramine had a significant positive effect on galvanic current. Natural organic matter and monochloramine also had a significant positive effect with respect to both total and dissolved lead release. For the treatment conditions examined, 67-98% of the lead released through galvanic currents was stored as corrosion scales and predominantly comprised of particulate lead (96.1-99.9%) for all eight treatments. The use of monochloramine and the presence of natural organic matter (7 mg L(-1)) were not favourable for corrosion control in sodium silicate-treated partial lead service line replacements, although further studies would be required to characterize optimal water quality parameters for specific water quality types. For utilities operating with sodium silicate as a corrosion inhibitor, this work offers further evidence regarding the consideration of chlorine as a secondary disinfectant instead of monochloramine, as well as the value of controlling natural organic matter in distributed water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Zhou
- a Department of Civil Engineering , University of Toronto , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
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