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Mi YJ, Geng GJ, Zou ZZ, Gao J, Luo XY, Liu Y, Li N, Li CL, Chen YQ, Yu XY, Jiang J. Dihydroartemisinin inhibits glucose uptake and cooperates with glycolysis inhibitor to induce apoptosis in non-small cell lung carcinoma cells. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0120426. [PMID: 25799586 PMCID: PMC4370589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0120426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/22/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advances in the therapy of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), the chemotherapy efficacy against NSCLC is still unsatisfactory. Previous studies show the herbal antimalarial drug dihydroartemisinin (DHA) displays cytotoxic to multiple human tumors. Here, we showed that DHA decreased cell viability and colony formation, induced apoptosis in A549 and PC-9 cells. Additionally, we first revealed DHA inhibited glucose uptake in NSCLC cells. Moreover, glycolytic metabolism was attenuated by DHA, including inhibition of ATP and lactate production. Consequently, we demonstrated that the phosphorylated forms of both S6 ribosomal protein and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), and GLUT1 levels were abrogated by DHA treatment in NSCLC cells. Furthermore, the upregulation of mTOR activation by high expressed Rheb increased the level of glycolytic metabolism and cell viability inhibited by DHA. These results suggested that DHA-suppressed glycolytic metabolism might be associated with mTOR activation and GLUT1 expression. Besides, we showed GLUT1 overexpression significantly attenuated DHA-triggered NSCLC cells apoptosis. Notably, DHA synergized with 2-Deoxy-D-glucose (2DG, a glycolysis inhibitor) to reduce cell viability and increase cell apoptosis in A549 and PC-9 cells. However, the combination of the two compounds displayed minimal toxicity to WI-38 cells, a normal lung fibroblast cell line. More importantly, 2DG synergistically potentiated DHA-induced activation of caspase-9, -8 and -3, as well as the levels of both cytochrome c and AIF of cytoplasm. However, 2DG failed to increase the reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels elicited by DHA. Overall, the data shown above indicated DHA plus 2DG induced apoptosis was involved in both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptosis pathways in NSCLC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-jun Mi
- Department of thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Guo-jun Geng
- Department of thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zheng-zhi Zou
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Gao
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xian-yang Luo
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Chun-lei Li
- Department of thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Yu-qiang Chen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chenggong Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Xiu-yi Yu
- Department of thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail: (XYY); (JJ)
| | - Jie Jiang
- Department of thoracic surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
- * E-mail: (XYY); (JJ)
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Obeid S, Alen J, Nguyen VH, Pham VC, Meuleman P, Pannecouque C, Le TN, Neyts J, Dehaen W, Paeshuyse J. Artemisinin analogues as potent inhibitors of in vitro hepatitis C virus replication. PLoS One 2013; 8:e81783. [PMID: 24349127 PMCID: PMC3859510 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0081783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We reported previously that Artemisinin (ART), a widely used anti-malarial drug, is an inhibitor of in vitro HCV subgenomic replicon replication. We here demonstrate that ART exerts its antiviral activity also in hepatoma cells infected with full length infectious HCV JFH-1. We identified a number of ART analogues that are up to 10-fold more potent and selective as in vitro inhibitors of HCV replication than ART. The iron donor Hemin only marginally potentiates the anti-HCV activity of ART in HCV-infected cultures. Carbon-centered radicals have been shown to be critical for the anti-malarial activity of ART. We demonstrate that carbon-centered radicals-trapping (the so-called TEMPO) compounds only marginally affect the anti-HCV activity of ART. This provides evidence that carbon-centered radicals are not the main effectors of the anti-HCV activity of the Artemisinin. ART and analogues may possibly exert their anti-HCV activity by the induction of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The combined anti-HCV activity of ART or its analogues with L-N-Acetylcysteine (L-NAC) [a molecule that inhibits ROS generation] was studied. L-NAC significantly reduced the in vitro anti-HCV activity of ART and derivatives. Taken together, the in vitro anti-HCV activity of ART and analogues can, at least in part, be explained by the induction of ROS; carbon-centered radicals may not be important in the anti-HCV effect of these molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Obeid
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jo Alen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Van Hung Nguyen
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Van Cuong Pham
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Philip Meuleman
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University Ghent, Ghent, Belgium
| | | | - Thanh Nguyen Le
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Johan Neyts
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Wim Dehaen
- Molecular Design and Synthesis, Department of Chemistry, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jan Paeshuyse
- Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Chen J, Ji HY, Wei SJ, Fu XY, Liu MY, Wu XL. [Determination of chrysosplenetin, metabolic inhibitor of artemisinin, in rat plasma by UPLC-ms/MS and study on its pharmacokinetics]. Zhongguo Zhong Yao Za Zhi 2013; 38:3363-3367. [PMID: 24422409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study aimed to develop the assay of chrysosplenetin (CHR), a metabolic inhibitor of artemisinin by UPLC-MS/MS in rat plasma and investigate the pharmacokinetics parameters of CHR. METHOD The plasma samples were precipitated by acetonitrile to remove the proteins. Separation was carried out on a Shim-pack XR-ODS C,18(2. 0 mm x 100 mm, 2. 2 micromp.m) column using a mobile phase containing methanol-0. 1% formic acid (87:13) using by diazepam as internal standard. Mass spectrometer with electrospray ionization (ESI) operated in the positive ion mode was used for analysis. Total analysis time was 2 min. RESULT The assay was linear in the range 5-5 000 microg L-1 (r =0. 999 3) with recoveries in the range from 69. 0% to 81.2% and satisfied inter-, intra- precision and accuracy. CHR after oral administration is not easy to absorb with double or multimodal peak phenomenon. The t1/2 of CHR after intravenous injection was very short and that of low, medium, and high dosage was (17. 01 +/- 8. 06) , (24. 62 +/- 4. 59), (28. 46+/- 4. 63) min, respectively. CONCLUSION The developed method was special, rapid, and sensitive for determination of CHR pharmacokinetics. [Key words] UPLC-MS/MS; chrysosplenetin; pharmacokinetics; plasma; rat
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Hong-Yan Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Shi-Jie Wei
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xue-Yan Fu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Meng-Yingi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
| | - Xiu-Li Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China
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Arreesrisom P, Dondorp AM, Looareesuwan S, Udomsangpetch R. Suppressive effects of the anti-oxidant N-acetylcysteine on the anti-malarial activity of artesunate. Parasitol Int 2007; 56:221-6. [PMID: 17544319 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2007.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2006] [Revised: 04/19/2007] [Accepted: 04/27/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The anti-oxidant drug N-acetylcysteine (NAC) has been proposed as adjunctive treatment in severe falciparum malaria. However, this might inhibit the anti-malarial drug action of the artemisinins, which are thought to exert their parasitocidal action through oxidative damage. We studied the interaction between NAC and artesunate as well as quinine in an in vitro drug sensitivity assay. Combination with NAC reduced the parasitocidal effect of artesunate only within the first 6 h of incubation, whereas no interaction was observed with quinine. Pre-incubation of P. falciparum with NAC resulted in a similar inhibitory effect on the anti-malarial activity of artesunate, whereas no inhibition was observed when NAC was added 2 h after parasite exposure to artesunate. Assessment of parasite maturation inhibition by the standard Giemsa's staining was in accordance with the use of a vital staining. The results herein caution the use of adjunctive treatment for malaria infection. Combination of antagonistic drugs may lead to adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peera Arreesrisom
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Ponmee N, Chuchue T, Wilairat P, Yuthavong Y, Kamchonwongpaisan S. Artemisinin effectiveness in erythrocytes is reduced by heme and heme-containing proteins. Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 74:153-60. [PMID: 17498668 PMCID: PMC1949810 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2007] [Revised: 03/11/2007] [Accepted: 03/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin loses its antimalarial activity on prolonged exposure to erythrocytes, especially alpha-thalassemic erythrocytes. In this report, we show that the major artemisinin-inactivating factor in cytosol of normal erythrocytes was heat-labile but a heat-stable factor from alpha-thalassemic cells also played a significant role in reducing artemisinin effectiveness, which was shown to be heme released from hemoglobin (Hb). Studies of fractionated lysate from genetically normal erythrocytes revealed that the protein fraction with molecular weight greater than 100 kDa was capable of reducing artemisinin effectiveness more readily than lower molecular weight fraction. Catalase and Hb A, but not selenoprotein glutathione peroxidase, were capable of reducing artemisinin effectiveness. Hemin (ferriprotoporphyrin IX) also reduced artemisinin effectiveness in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. It is concluded that heme and heme-containing proteins in erythrocyte are largely responsible for reducing artemisinin effectiveness and may contribute to resistance of Plasmodium falciparum infecting alpha-thalassemic erythrocytes observed in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Napawan Ponmee
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Tatsanee Chuchue
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Prapon Wilairat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Yongyuth Yuthavong
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120
| | - Sumalee Kamchonwongpaisan
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathumthani 12120
- *Corresponding author: Sumalee Kamchonwongpaisan, Ph.D., National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, National Science and Technology Development Agency, 113 Thailand Science Park, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand. Tel.: +662 564 6700 ext 3484; FAX: +662 564 6707; E-mail address:
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Nakornchai S, Konthiang P. Potentiation of antimalarial drug action by chlorpheniramine against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum in vitro. Parasitol Int 2006; 55:195-9. [PMID: 16750932 DOI: 10.1016/j.parint.2005.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2005] [Revised: 09/06/2005] [Accepted: 11/05/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Chlorpheniramine, a histamine H1 receptor antagonist, was assayed for in vitro antimalarial activity against multidrug-resistant Plasmodium falciparum K1 strain and chloroquine-resistant P. falciparum T9/94 clone, by measuring the 3H-hypoxanthine incorporation. Chlorphenirame inhibited P. falciparum K1 and T9/94 growth with IC50 values of 136.0+/-40.2 microM and 102.0+/-22.6 microM respectively. A combination of antimalarial drug and chlorpheniramine was tested against resistant P. falciparum in vitro. Isobologram analysis showed that chlorpheniramine exerts marked synergistic action on chloroquine against P. falciparum K1 and T9/94. Chlorpheniramine also potentiated antimalarial action of mefloquine, quinine or pyronaridine against both of the resistant strains of P. falciparum. However, chlorpheniramine antagonism with artesunate was obtained in both P. falciparum K1 and T9/94. The results in this study indicate that antihistaminic drugs may be promising candidates for potentiating antimalarial drug action against drug resistant malarial parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunan Nakornchai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama VI road, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Eckstein-Ludwig U, Webb RJ, Van Goethem IDA, East JM, Lee AG, Kimura M, O'Neill PM, Bray PG, Ward SA, Krishna S. Artemisinins target the SERCA of Plasmodium falciparum. Nature 2003; 424:957-61. [PMID: 12931192 DOI: 10.1038/nature01813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 684] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2003] [Accepted: 05/12/2003] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinins are extracted from sweet wormwood (Artemisia annua) and are the most potent antimalarials available, rapidly killing all asexual stages of Plasmodium falciparum. Artemisinins are sesquiterpene lactones widely used to treat multidrug-resistant malaria, a disease that annually claims 1 million lives. Despite extensive clinical and laboratory experience their molecular target is not yet identified. Activated artemisinins form adducts with a variety of biological macromolecules, including haem, translationally controlled tumour protein (TCTP) and other higher-molecular-weight proteins. Here we show that artemisinins, but not quinine or chloroquine, inhibit the SERCA orthologue (PfATP6) of Plasmodium falciparum in Xenopus oocytes with similar potency to thapsigargin (another sesquiterpene lactone and highly specific SERCA inhibitor). As predicted, thapsigargin also antagonizes the parasiticidal activity of artemisinin. Desoxyartemisinin lacks an endoperoxide bridge and is ineffective both as an inhibitor of PfATP6 and as an antimalarial. Chelation of iron by desferrioxamine abrogates the antiparasitic activity of artemisinins and correspondingly attenuates inhibition of PfATP6. Imaging of parasites with BODIPY-thapsigargin labels the cytosolic compartment and is competed by artemisinin. Fluorescent artemisinin labels parasites similarly and irreversibly in an Fe2+-dependent manner. These data provide compelling evidence that artemisinins act by inhibiting PfATP6 outside the food vacuole after activation by iron.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Eckstein-Ludwig
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, St George's Hospital Medical School, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
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