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Tamujo AC, Flores HN, Cetolin T, Ribeiro-Alvares JB, Haupenthal A, Baroni BM. Creatine kinase concentration on the second post-match day is not associated with risk of subsequent muscle injury in professional football players: a four-season cohort study. PHYSICIAN SPORTSMED 2024; 52:271-276. [PMID: 37548364 DOI: 10.1080/00913847.2023.2246175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between creatine kinase (CK) concentration following official matches and the risk of subsequent muscle injury in professional male football (soccer) players. METHODS Blood samples were collected on the second post-match day for CK analysis over four consecutive seasons in a professional football club. Players were then followed for five days to observe any occurrence of indirect muscle injury (structural or functional in nature). Players exposed to at least 45 minutes in two consecutive matches within seven days were considered valid cases for analysis. RESULTS Eighty players participated in the study, generating 1,656 cases eligible for analysis, of which 229 resulted in muscle injuries. The hamstrings were the most frequently injured muscle group (54%), followed by the adductor (21%), triceps surae (19%), quadriceps (5%), and psoas (1%). While CK concentration was higher in muscle injury cases [783 ± 507 U/L (95%CI, 717 to 849; min-max, 105-2,800)] compared with uninjured cases [688 ± 446 U/L (95%CI, 665 to 711; min-max, 100-2,950)], it was not an accurate predictor of subsequent muscle injury risk in professional football players (sensitivity = 56%; specificity = 55%; odds ratio = 1.00; area under curve = 0.557). CONCLUSION CK concentration on the second post-match day cannot be used to effectively screen subsequent muscle injury risk in professional male football players.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Camillo Tamujo
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Hebert Nunes Flores
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Tiago Cetolin
- Graduate Program in Neurosciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - João Breno Ribeiro-Alvares
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Alessandro Haupenthal
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruno Manfredini Baroni
- Graduate Program in Rehabilitation Sciences, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Simpson E, Reiter JL, Ren J, Zhang Z, Nudelman KN, Riggen LD, Menser MD, Harezlak J, Foroud TM, Saykin AJ, Brooks A, Cameron KL, Duma SM, McGinty G, Rowson S, Svoboda SJ, Broglio SP, McCrea MA, Pasquina PF, McAllister TW, Liu Y. Gene Expression Alterations in Peripheral Blood Following Sport-Related Concussion in a Prospective Cohort of Collegiate Athletes: A Concussion Assessment, Research and Education (CARE) Consortium Study. Sports Med 2024; 54:1021-1032. [PMID: 37938533 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-023-01951-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular-based approaches to understanding concussion pathophysiology provide complex biological information that can advance concussion research and identify potential diagnostic and/or prognostic biomarkers of injury. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify gene expression changes in peripheral blood that are initiated following concussion and are relevant to concussion response and recovery. METHODS We analyzed whole blood transcriptomes in a large cohort of concussed and control collegiate athletes who were participating in the multicenter prospective cohort Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium study. Blood samples were collected from collegiate athletes at preseason (baseline), within 6 h of concussion injury, and at four additional prescribed time points spanning 24 h to 6 months post-injury. RNA sequencing was performed on samples from 230 concussed, 130 contact control, and 102 non-contact control athletes. Differential gene expression and deconvolution analysis were performed at each time point relative to baseline. RESULTS Cytokine and immune response signaling pathways were activated immediately after concussion, but at later time points these pathways appeared to be suppressed relative to the contact control group. We also found that the proportion of neutrophils increased and natural killer cells decreased in the blood following concussion. CONCLUSIONS Transcriptome signatures in the blood reflect the known pathophysiology of concussion and may be useful for defining the immediate biological response and the time course for recovery. In addition, the identified immune response pathways and changes in immune cell type proportions following a concussion may inform future treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Simpson
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jill L Reiter
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W 10 St, Suite 5000, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jie Ren
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Zhiqi Zhang
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kelly N Nudelman
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W 10 St, Suite 5000, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Larry D Riggen
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michael D Menser
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Data Science, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Public Health, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W 10 St, Suite 5000, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W 10 St, Suite 5000, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Alison Brooks
- Department of Orthopedics, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Kenneth L Cameron
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keller Army Community Hospital, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Stefan M Duma
- Institute for Critical Technology and Applied Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Gerald McGinty
- United States Air Force Academy, Colorado Springs, CO, 80840, USA
| | - Steven Rowson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Mechanics, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - Steven J Svoboda
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Keller Army Community Hospital, United States Military Academy, West Point, NY, USA
| | - Steven P Broglio
- Michigan Concussion Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michael A McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA
| | - Paul F Pasquina
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Training, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Thomas W McAllister
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Center for Medical Genomics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W 10 St, Suite 5000, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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Tabor JB, Penner LC, Cooper JG, Ghodsi M, Galarneau JM, Fraser DD, Emery CA, Wellington CL, Debert CT. Characterizing Factors Influencing Baseline Plasma Biomarkers for Sport-Related Concussion in Adolescents. J Neurotrauma 2023; 40:1638-1650. [PMID: 36852497 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2022.0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract Developing objective measures to diagnose sport-related concussion (SRC) is a top priority, particularly in the pediatric context, given the vulnerability of the developing brain. While advances in SRC blood biomarkers are being made in adult populations, less data are available for adolescents. Clinical validation of blood biomarkers post-SRC will first require investigation in a healthy uninjured state. Further, rapid pubertal changes during adolescence may implicate possible interactions with circulating sex hormones and the menstrual cycle for females. This cross-sectional study aimed to characterize pre-injury plasma levels of glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), neurofilament light (NF-L), ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), total tau (T-tau), and phosphorylated tau-181 (P-tau-181), considering previous concussion, age, and sex in healthy adolescent sport participants. Possible associations with menstrual cycle phase and circulating sex hormone levels (i.e., progesterone, estradiol, testosterone) were also explored. Pre-injury blood samples were obtained from 149 healthy adolescents (48% female, ages 11-18) participating in a larger Surveillance in High Schools and Community Sports to Reduce Concussions and their Consequences (SHRed Concussions) multi-site longitudinal cohort study. Main outcomes were natural log (ln) transformed plasma GFAP, NF-L, UCH-L1, T-tau, and P-tau-181 concentrations, quantified on the Quanterix Simoa HD-X platform. Mixed-effects multi-variable linear regression was used to assess associations between biomarkers and self-reported previous concussion (yes/no), age (years), sex (male/female), objectively determined menstrual cycle phase (follicular/luteal), plasma progesterone, estradiol, and testosterone. Males had 19.8% lower UCH-L1 (β = -0.221, 95% confidence interval [CI; -0.396, -0.046]), 18.9% lower GFAP (β = -0.210, 95% CI [-0.352, -0.068]), and 21.8% higher P-tau-181 (β = 0.197, 95% CI [0.048, 0.346]) compared with females, adjusting for age and previous concussion. GFAP decreased 9.5% with each 1-year increase in age, adjusting for previous concussion and sex (β = -0.100, 95% CI [-0.152, -0.049]). No biomarkers were associated with a history of previous concussion. Exploratory investigations found no associations between biomarkers and menstrual cycle phase. Females displayed an age-adjusted negative association between T-tau and progesterone (β = -0.010, 95% CI [-0.018, -0.002]), whereas males had a negative age-adjusted association between UCH-L1 and testosterone (β = -0.020, 95% CI [-0.037, -0.002]). As such, age- and sex-specific reference intervals may be warranted for pediatric athlete populations prior to clinical validation of blood biomarkers for SRC. Additionally, hormonal associations highlight the need to consider puberty and development in adolescent studies. Overall, findings suggest these biomarkers are resilient to a history of previous concussion and menstrual cycle phase, supporting continued investigation in adolescent SRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Benjamin Tabor
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Linden Chase Penner
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jennifer Gradi Cooper
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mohammad Ghodsi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jean-Michel Galarneau
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Douglas Dale Fraser
- Department of Pediatrics and Clinical Neurological Sciences, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carolyn Ann Emery
- Sport Injury Prevention Research Center, Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Cheryl Lea Wellington
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Chantel Teresa Debert
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Djavad Mowafaghian Center for Brain Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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Chen Y, Herrold AA, Gallagher V, Martinovich Z, Bari S, Vike NL, Vesci B, Mjaanes J, McCloskey LR, Reilly JL, Breiter HC. Preliminary Report: Localized Cerebral Blood Flow Mediates the Relationship between Progesterone and Perceived Stress Symptoms among Female Collegiate Club Athletes after Mild Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1809-1820. [PMID: 33470158 PMCID: PMC8336258 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Female athletes are under-studied in the field of concussion research, despite evidence of higher injury prevalence and longer recovery time. Hormonal fluctuations caused by the natural menstrual cycle (MC) or hormonal contraceptive (HC) use impact both post-injury symptoms and neuroimaging findings, but the relationships among hormone, symptoms, and brain-based measures have not been jointly considered in concussion studies. In this preliminary study, we compared cerebral blood flow (CBF) measured with arterial spin labeling between concussed female club athletes 3-10 days after mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) and demographic, HC/MC matched controls (CON). We tested whether CBF statistically mediates the relationship between progesterone serum levels and post-injury symptoms, which may support a hypothesis for progesterone's role in neuroprotection. We found a significant three-way relationship among progesterone, CBF, and perceived stress score (PSS) in the left middle temporal gyrus for the mTBI group. Higher progesterone was associated with lower (more normative) PSS, as well as higher (more normative) CBF. CBF mediates 100% of the relationship between progesterone and PSS (Sobel p value = 0.017). These findings support a hypothesis for progesterone having a neuroprotective role after concussion and highlight the importance of controlling for the effects of sex hormones in future concussion studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufen Chen
- Center for Translational Imaging, Department of Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | | | - Virginia Gallagher
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zoran Martinovich
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sumra Bari
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nicole L. Vike
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Brian Vesci
- Northwestern Health Services Sports Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Jeffrey Mjaanes
- Northwestern Health Services Sports Medicine, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, USA
| | - Leanne R. McCloskey
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - James L. Reilly
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Hans C. Breiter
- Warren Wright Adolescent Center, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA
- Laboratory of Neuroimaging and Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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5
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Giza CC, McCrea M, Huber D, Cameron KL, Houston MN, Jackson JC, McGinty G, Pasquina P, Broglio SP, Brooks A, DiFiori J, Duma S, Harezlak J, Goldman J, Guskiewicz K, McAllister TW, McArthur D, Meier TB, Mihalik JP, Nelson LD, Rowson S, Gill J. Assessment of Blood Biomarker Profile After Acute Concussion During Combative Training Among US Military Cadets: A Prospective Study From the NCAA and US Department of Defense CARE Consortium. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2037731. [PMID: 33616662 PMCID: PMC7900866 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2020.37731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Validation of protein biomarkers for concussion diagnosis and management in military combative training is important, as these injuries occur outside of traditional health care settings and are generally difficult to diagnose. OBJECTIVE To investigate acute blood protein levels in military cadets after combative training-associated concussions. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This multicenter prospective case-control study was part of a larger cohort study conducted by the National Collegiate Athletic Association and the US Department of Defense Concussion Assessment Research and Education (CARE) Consortium from February 20, 2015, to May 31, 2018. The study was performed among cadets from 2 CARE Consortium Advanced Research Core sites: the US Military Academy at West Point and the US Air Force Academy. Cadets who incurred concussions during combative training (concussion group) were compared with cadets who participated in the same combative training exercises but did not incur concussions (contact-control group). Clinical measures and blood sample collection occurred at baseline, the acute postinjury point (<6 hours), the 24- to 48-hour postinjury point, the asymptomatic postinjury point (defined as the point at which the cadet reported being asymptomatic and began the return-to-activity protocol), and 7 days after return to activity. Biomarker levels and estimated mean differences in biomarker levels were natural log (ln) transformed to decrease the skewness of their distributions. Data were collected from August 1, 2016, to May 31, 2018, and analyses were conducted from March 1, 2019, to January 14, 2020. EXPOSURE Concussion incurred during combative training. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Proteins examined included glial fibrillary acidic protein, ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1, neurofilament light chain, and tau. Quantification was conducted using a multiplex assay (Simoa; Quanterix Corp). Clinical measures included the Sport Concussion Assessment Tool-Third Edition symptom severity evaluation, the Standardized Assessment of Concussion, the Balance Error Scoring System, and the 18-item Brief Symptom Inventory. RESULTS Among 103 military service academy cadets, 67 cadets incurred concussions during combative training, and 36 matched cadets who engaged in the same training exercises did not incur concussions. The mean (SD) age of cadets in the concussion group was 18.6 (1.3) years, and 40 cadets (59.7%) were male. The mean (SD) age of matched cadets in the contact-control group was 19.5 (1.3) years, and 25 cadets (69.4%) were male. Compared with cadets in the contact-control group, those in the concussion group had significant increases in glial fibrillary acidic protein (mean difference in ln values, 0.34; 95% CI, 0.18-0.50; P < .001) and ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (mean difference in ln values, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.44-1.50; P < .001) levels at the acute postinjury point. The glial fibrillary acidic protein level remained high in the concussion group compared with the contact-control group at the 24- to 48-hour postinjury point (mean difference in ln values, 0.22; 95% CI, 0.06-0.38; P = .007) and the asymptomatic postinjury point (mean difference in ln values, 0.21; 95% CI, 0.05-0.36; P = .01). The area under the curve for all biomarkers combined, which was used to differentiate cadets in the concussion and contact-control groups, was 0.80 (95% CI, 0.68-0.93; P < .001) at the acute postinjury point. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This study's findings indicate that blood biomarkers have potential for use as research tools to better understand the pathobiological changes associated with concussion and to assist with injury identification and recovery from combative training-associated concussions among military service academy cadets. These results extend the previous findings of studies of collegiate athletes with sport-associated concussions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher C. Giza
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
- Department of Pediatrics, UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Michael McCrea
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Daniel Huber
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Kenneth L. Cameron
- John A. Feagin Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Community Hospital, West Point, New York
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Megan N. Houston
- John A. Feagin Sports Medicine Fellowship, Keller Army Community Hospital, West Point, New York
| | | | | | - Paul Pasquina
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Uniformed Services University, Bethesda, Maryland
| | | | - Alison Brooks
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison
| | - John DiFiori
- Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York
| | - Stefan Duma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg
| | - Jaroslaw Harezlak
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington
| | - Joshua Goldman
- Department of Family Medicine, UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Kevin Guskiewicz
- Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | | | - David McArthur
- Department of Neurosurgery, UCLA Steve Tisch BrainSPORT Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles
| | - Timothy B. Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
| | - Jason P. Mihalik
- Matthew Gfeller Sport-Related Traumatic Brain Injury Research Center, Department of Exercise and Sport Science, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill
| | | | - Steven Rowson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg
| | - Jessica Gill
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Di Battista AP, Rhind SG, Richards D, Hutchison MG. An investigation of plasma interleukin-6 in sport-related concussion. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0232053. [PMID: 32343752 PMCID: PMC7188239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0232053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing evidence suggests inflammation is an important component of concussion pathophysiology. However, its etiology, restitution, and potential clinical repercussions remain unknown. The purpose of the current study was to compare the blood concentrations of interleukin (IL) -6, a prominent inflammatory cytokine, between healthy athletes and athletes with a sport-related concussion (SRC), while addressing the potential confounds of sex, recent physical activity, and the interacting effect of concussion history. METHOD A prospective, observational cohort study was conducted on athletes at a single academic institute participating across 13 interuniversity sports. Follow-up of 96 athletes who agreed to provide a blood sample was completed: 41 athletes with a physician diagnosed SRC, and 55 healthy athletes. Ella™, the high sensitivity immunoassay system by ProteinSimple was used to measure peripheral plasma concentrations of IL-6 within the first week (median = 4 days, range = 2-7) following injury. A resampled ordinary least squares regression was used to evaluate the relationship between IL-6 concentrations and concussion status, while partial least squares regression was used to evaluate the relationship between IL-6 and both symptom burden and time to clinical recovery. RESULTS Regression analysis identified a negative relationship between plasma IL-6 concentrations and the interaction between an acute SRC and a history of concussion (β = -0.29, p = 0.029). IL-6 did not differ between healthy athletes and those with an acute SRC independent of concussion history, and was not correlated with either recovery time or symptom burden in athletes with SRC. CONCLUSION Perturbations to circulating IL-6 concentrations, a key inflammatory cytokine, may be more pronounced following SRC in athletes who have a history of concussion. These results add to a growing body of evidence supporting the involvement of inflammation at all phases of recovery following SRC, and potentially support a concomitant effect of prior concussion on acute SRC pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P. Di Battista
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn G. Rhind
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Doug Richards
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- David L. MacIntosh Sport Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G. Hutchison
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- David L. MacIntosh Sport Medicine Clinic, Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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7
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Abstract
A 27-year-old elite-level professional cyclist presented to the emergency department with a 6-hour history of chest pain and vomiting after prematurely aborting a competitive event. ECG demonstrated anterior ST segment elevation myocardial infarction, and blood tests revealed a grossly elevated high-sensitivity troponin T. Emergent coronary angiography confirmed the presence of a thrombus in the mid-left anterior descending artery with possible spontaneous coronary artery dissection. The patient recovered well following balloon angioplasty and thrombus aspiration, despite delayed recognition, invasive investigation and intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Sg Thompson
- Anatomy, Division of Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Department of Otolaryngology, NHS Lothian, UK
| | - Marc Pass
- Department of Anaesthesia, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - John Hung
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mohaned Egred
- Department of Cardiology, The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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8
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Wallace C, Zetterberg H, Blennow K, van Donkelaar P. No change in plasma tau and serum neurofilament light concentrations in adolescent athletes following sport-related concussion. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206466. [PMID: 30372457 PMCID: PMC6205645 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Sport-related concussion (SRC), a mild form of traumatic brain injury (TBI), is a common injury in contact sports. Health care professionals rely on subjective criteria (e.g., symptoms), as there is no objective marker for identification of athletes with SRC. Blood-based biomarkers have shown promise as diagnostic and prognostic tools following TBI and SRC. In the present study, we examined plasma tau and serum NF-L, two biomarkers for neuronal/axonal injury, concentrations at preseason and following SRC in contact sport athletes (n = 11) using ultrasensitive single molecule array (Simoa) assays. Preseason baseline samples were collected, and post-concussion samples were obtained at 6- and 14-days following injury. We found no difference between baseline, 6-day and 14-day post-concussion concentrations of tau (p = 0.14) or NF-L (p = 0.53). Further, no difference was found between preseason baseline and all post-SRC samples for tau (p = 0.22) or NF-L (p = 0.98). The total number of symptoms reported on the Standardized Assessment of Concussion– 3rd Edition (SCAT3) and associated symptom severity scores increased from preseason to 6-days post-SRC but returned to baseline values at 14-days (p = 0.02 and p = 0.003, respectively). These results suggest that the severity of neuronal injury in this cohort of contact sport athletes with clinical uncomplicated SRC was too low to be detected by tau and NF-L measurements in blood samples obtained at 6- and 14-days post-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin Wallace
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- * E-mail:
| | - Henrik Zetterberg
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
- UK Dementia Research Institute at UCL, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kaj Blennow
- Clinical Neurochemistry Laboratory, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Mölndal, Sweden
| | - Paul van Donkelaar
- School of Health and Exercise Sciences, University of British Columbia, Kelowna, British Columbia, Canada
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Fiandaca MS, Mapstone M, Mahmoodi A, Gross T, Macciardi F, Cheema AK, Merchant-Borna K, Bazarian J, Federoff HJ. Plasma metabolomic biomarkers accurately classify acute mild traumatic brain injury from controls. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195318. [PMID: 29677216 PMCID: PMC5909890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Past and recent attempts at devising objective biomarkers for traumatic brain injury (TBI) in both blood and cerebrospinal fluid have focused on abundance measures of time-dependent proteins. Similar independent determinants would be most welcome in diagnosing the most common form of TBI, mild TBI (mTBI), which remains difficult to define and confirm based solely on clinical criteria. There are currently no consensus diagnostic measures that objectively define individuals as having sustained an acute mTBI. Plasma metabolomic analyses have recently evolved to offer an alternative to proteomic analyses, offering an orthogonal diagnostic measure to what is currently available. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a developed set of metabolomic biomarkers is able to objectively classify college athletes sustaining mTBI from non-injured teammates, within 6 hours of trauma and whether such a biomarker panel could be effectively applied to an independent cohort of TBI and control subjects. A 6-metabolite panel was developed from biomarkers that had their identities confirmed using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) in our Athlete cohort. These biomarkers were defined at ≤6 hours following mTBI and objectively classified mTBI athletes from teammate controls, and provided similar classification of these groups at the 2, 3, and 7 days post-mTBI. The same 6-metabolite panel, when applied to a separate, independent cohort provided statistically similar results despite major differences between the two cohorts. Our confirmed plasma biomarker panel objectively classifies acute mTBI cases from controls within 6 hours of injury in our two independent cohorts. While encouraged by our initial results, we expect future studies to expand on these initial observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo S. Fiandaca
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
- Department of Anatomy & Neurobiology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Mark Mapstone
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Amin Mahmoodi
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Thomas Gross
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
| | - Amrita K. Cheema
- Department of Oncology, Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular & Cellular Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Kian Merchant-Borna
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey Bazarian
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States of America
| | - Howard J. Federoff
- Translational Laboratory and Biorepository, Department of Neurology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Di Battista AP, Rhind SG, Richards D, Churchill N, Baker AJ, Hutchison MG. Altered Blood Biomarker Profiles in Athletes with a History of Repetitive Head Impacts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159929. [PMID: 27458972 PMCID: PMC4961456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The long-term health effects of concussion and sub-concussive impacts in sport are unknown. Growing evidence suggests both inflammation and neurodegeneration are pivotal to secondary injury processes and the etiology of neurodegenerative diseases. In the present study we characterized circulating brain injury and inflammatory mediators in healthy male and female athletes according to concussion history and collision sport participation. Eighty-seven university level athletes (male, n = 60; female, n = 27) were recruited before the start of the competitive season. Athletes were healthy at the time of the study (no medications, illness, concussion or musculoskeletal injuries). Dependent variables included 29 inflammatory and 10 neurological injury analytes assessed in the peripheral blood by immunoassay. Biomarkers were statistically evaluated using partial least squares multivariate analysis to identify possible relationships to self-reported previous concussion history, number of previous concussions and collision sport participation in male and female athletes. Multiple concussions were associated with increases in peripheral MCP-1 in females, and MCP-4 in males. Collision sport participation was associated with increases in tau levels in males. These results are consistent with previous experimental and clinical findings that suggest ongoing inflammatory and cerebral injury processes after repetitive mild head trauma. However, further validation is needed to correlate systemic biomarkers to repetitive brain impacts, as opposed to the extracranial effects common to an athletic population such as exercise and muscle damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P. Di Battista
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shawn G. Rhind
- Defence Research and Development Canada, Toronto Research Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Doug Richards
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
| | - Nathan Churchill
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew J. Baker
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
- Departments of Critical Care, Anesthesia and Surgery, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael G. Hutchison
- Faculty of Kinesiology & Physical Education, University of Toronto, Toronto ON, Canada
- Keenan Research Centre for Biomedical Science of St. Michael’s Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Owens BD, Cameron KL, Clifton KB, Svoboda SJ, Wolf JM. Association Between Serum Relaxin and Subsequent Shoulder Instability. Orthopedics 2016; 39:e724-8. [PMID: 27111077 DOI: 10.3928/01477447-20160421-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ligamentous laxity correlates with shoulder instability. Relaxin is a hormone that has been linked to laxity in the knee and has been shown to be a risk factor for anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury. This study prospectively evaluated the association between relaxin and acute shoulder instability. A prospective cohort study of 1050 young athletes was performed between 2006 and 2010. The authors conducted a nested case-control analysis within this cohort to evaluate the association between preinjury serum relaxin concentration and the likelihood of subsequent shoulder instability. The study compared 53 patients who had shoulder instability and 53 control subjects who were matched for sex, age, height, and weight. The serum relaxin concentration in preinjury baseline samples was tested with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis in duplicate. Independent t tests were performed to identify differences in mean serum relaxin concentration between patients with shoulder instability and uninjured control subjects. Logistic regression was used to evaluate whether preinjury baseline serum relaxin concentration was associated with the subsequent likelihood of shoulder instability. Of the 53 patients with instability, 13 (25%) had a detectable serum relaxin concentration compared with 9 (17%) of uninjured control subjects (P=.34). Mean serum relaxin concentration in the injury group was 3.69±1.78 pg/mL and 2.20±0.97 pg/mL in uninjured control subjects (P=.02). Increased serum relaxin concentration was associated with the subsequent likelihood of acute shoulder instability. Subjects were 2.18 times (odds ratio, 2.18; 95% confidence interval, 1.01-4.76) more likely to have acute shoulder instability during the follow-up period for every 1-pg/mL increase in serum relaxin concentration at baseline. The findings suggest that serum relaxin concentration is associated with a risk of subsequent shoulder instability in young athletes. Further research on the role of relaxin in shoulder instability is warranted. [Orthopedics. 2016; 39(4):e724-e728.].
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Singh R, Savitz J, Teague TK, Polanski DW, Mayer AR, Bellgowan PSF, Meier TB. Mood symptoms correlate with kynurenine pathway metabolites following sports-related concussion. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2016; 87:670-5. [PMID: 26269650 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2015-311369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An imbalance of neuroactive kynurenine pathway metabolites has been proposed as one mechanism behind the neuropsychiatric sequelae of certain neurological disorders. We hypothesized that concussed football players would have elevated plasma levels of neurotoxic kynurenine metabolites and reduced levels of neuroprotective metabolites relative to healthy football players and that altered kynurenine levels would correlate with post-concussion mood symptoms. METHODS Mood scales and plasma concentrations of kynurenine metabolites were assessed in concussed (N=18; 1.61 days post-injury) and healthy football players (N=18). A subset of football players returned at 1-week (N=14; 9.29 days) and 1-month post-concussion (N=14, 30.93 days). RESULTS Concussed athletes had significantly elevated levels of quinolinic acid (QUIN) and significantly lower ratios of kynurenic acid (KYNA) to QUIN at all time points compared with healthy athletes (p's<0.05), with no longitudinal evidence of normalization of KYNA or KYNA/QUIN. At 1-day post-injury, concussed athletes with lower levels of the putatively neuroprotective KYNA/QUIN ratio reported significantly worse depressive symptoms (p=0.04), and a trend toward worse anxiety symptoms (p=0.06), while at 1-month higher QUIN levels were associated with worse mood symptoms (p's<0.01). Finally, concussed athletes with worse concussion outcome, defined as number of days until return-to-play, had higher QUIN and lower KYNA/QUIN at 1-month post-injury (p's<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These results converge with existing kynurenine literature on psychiatric patients and provide the first evidence of altered peripheral levels of kynurenine metabolites following sports-related concussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Singh
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Jonathan Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA Faculty of Community Medicine, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - T Kent Teague
- Departments of Surgery and Psychiatry, University of Oklahoma College of Medicine, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Oklahoma College of Pharmacy, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Oklahoma State University Center for Health Sciences, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - David W Polanski
- Department of Athletics, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Andrew R Mayer
- The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA Neurology Department, University of New Mexico School of Medicine, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Patrick S F Bellgowan
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy B Meier
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, Oklahoma, USA The Mind Research Network/Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
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Pham N, Akonasu H, Shishkin R, Taghibiglou C. Plasma soluble prion protein, a potential biomarker for sport-related concussions: a pilot study. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117286. [PMID: 25643046 PMCID: PMC4314282 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sport-related mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) or concussion is a significant health concern to athletes with potential long-term consequences. The diagnosis of sport concussion and return to sport decision making is one of the greatest challenges facing health care clinicians working in sports. Blood biomarkers have recently demonstrated their potential in assisting the detection of brain injury particularly, in those cases with no obvious physical injury. We have recently discovered plasma soluble cellular prion protein (PrP(C)) as a potential reliable biomarker for blast induced TBI (bTBI) in a rodent animal model. In order to explore the application of this novel TBI biomarker to sport-related concussion, we conducted a pilot study at the University of Saskatchewan (U of S) by recruiting athlete and non-athlete 18 to 30 year-old students. Using a modified quantitative ELISA method, we first established normal values for the plasma soluble PrP(C) in male and female students. The measured plasma soluble PrP(C) in confirmed concussion cases demonstrated a significant elevation of this analyte in post-concussion samples. Data collected from our pilot study indicates that the plasma soluble PrP(C) is a potential biomarker for sport-related concussion, which may be further developed into a clinical diagnostic tool to assist clinicians in the assessment of sport concussion and return-to-play decision making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam Pham
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Hungbo Akonasu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Rhonda Shishkin
- College of Kinesiology and Huskies Athletics, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Changiz Taghibiglou
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Minigalin AD, Shumakov AR, Novozhilov AV, Samsonova AV, Kos'mina EA, Kalinskiĭ MI, Baranova TI, Kubasov IV, Morozov VI. [Effect of exhaustive weightlifting exercise on EMG, biochemical markers of muscle damage and performance capacity in young male subjects]. Fiziol Cheloveka 2015; 41:89-98. [PMID: 25857182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to examine the effect of exhaustive weightlifting exercise on electrical and biochemical variables and performance capacity in young male subjects. The onset of exercise (80-50% 1RM) was associated with a decrease in the amount of work performed, which was followed by a steady performance capacity at 40-10% 1RM. There were no significant changes of m. rectus femoris EMG maximal amplitude though it tended to be increased during the first half of exercise. A significant blood lactate concentration increase indicated that an anaerobic metabolism was a predominant mechanism of muscle contraction energy-supply. CK level in blood plasma did not change but plasma myoglobin concentration doubled immediately post-exercise. The data presented here suggest that decrease in performance capacity was likely due to progressive "refusal of work" of the fast motor units and work prolongation of weaker, intermediate and slow motor units. Unchangeable CK activity and relatively small increase in myoglobin concentration in plasma suggest that used weightlifting exercise did not induced substantial damage in myocytes' membranes in our subjects.
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15
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Raschka C, Klüglein L. [Influence of headers on blood coagulation]. MMW Fortschr Med 2012; 154:64. [PMID: 23088040 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-012-1213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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16
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Raschka C, Klüglein L. [Effects of headers on coagulation parameters]. MMW Fortschr Med 2012; 154 Suppl 3:68-72. [PMID: 23133881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This paper is testing the hypothesis whether headers can cause micro-traumata which can be verified in lab test. METHOD The study examined micro-traumatic effects of headers for a sample of 22 soccer players by the means of blood tests. In the test arrangement, two probands intensively exchanged headers with a standard football (according to official regulations of the German Football Association) fora period of eight minutes.The average number of ball exchanges per series amounted to around 401 headers for each pair. The effects were measured by selected coagulation parameters. RESULTS The results showed significant differences in the concentration of leucocytes and thrombocytes. The variance analysis of coagulation parameters revealed no significant change for fibrinogen concentration, INR and Quick. By contrast, the reduction of aPTT after the headers was significant. CONCLUSION As for an interpretation of these results, the observed increase of the parameters may be characterised as a reaction to stress. The increase of thrombocytes could be seen as response of the corpuscular coagulation system to traumatisation. As aPTT is significantly reduced post intervention, this furthermore reflects an activation of the plasmic coagulation system induced by trauma.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Raschka
- Institut für Sportwissenschaft der Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg.
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Saravia SGM, Knebel F, Schroeckh S, Ziebig R, Lun A, Weimann A, Haberland A, Borges AC, Schimke I. Cardiac troponin T release and inflammation demonstrated in marathon runners. Clin Lab 2010; 56:51-58. [PMID: 20380359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As shown on the basis of highly sensitive assays, cardiac troponin release is now observed after physiological heart stress and in mild heart pathologies: both are [corrected] considered unrelated to the irreversible cardiac alteration that is typically the source of release. Transitory cardiac membrane leakage was suggested as the basis. In our view, mild inflammation may drive this type of cardiac troponin release. To verify this hypothesis, marathon runners who demonstrated post-run inflammation were used as a model to correlate cTnT release and inflammation intensity. METHODS In 78 male marathon runners who participated in the BERLIN-MARATHON 2006, cardiac troponin T (cTnT) was monitored [corrected] at three time points (pre-race, post-race, and after two weeks of rest). [corrected] Measurements were done with the highly sensitive assay (hs cTnT assay) and the conventional fourth-generation cTnT assay for comparison. Concurrently, [corrected] the inflammation markers (leukocyte and neutrophil counts, CRP, IL-6) were measured. RESULTS Pre-race, the fourth-generation assay failed to demonstrate cTnT positivity (> test specific LLD). In contrast, with the [corrected] use of the highly sensitive assay, 28% of the participants were positive for cTnT (> LLD of hs cTnT assay). Post-race, cTnT as measured with the fourth-generation assay was observed to be detectable in 43% of the runners (> LLD = 99(th) percentile cut off), but all runners had detectable cTnT values (> LLD) when measured with the highly sensitive assay. Even in 94% of these cTnT-positive runners, the value exceeded the 99(th) percentile cut off determined for the highly sensitive assay (13 ng/L). cTnT release correlated significantly with inflammation intensity. Faster runners demonstrated significantly stronger cTnT releases and inflammation signs. CONCLUSIONS As demonstrated after physiological heart stress such as marathon running, transitory inflammation is evidently one of the events contributing to the cardiac troponin release under conditions suggested as unrelated to irreversible cardiac alteration.
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Vogrin M, Rozman P, Haspl M. Concerns about the effects of platelet concentrate. Arthroscopy 2009; 25:941-2; author reply 942. [PMID: 19732624 DOI: 10.1016/j.arthro.2009.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2009] [Revised: 03/20/2009] [Accepted: 03/25/2009] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Abstract
Six athletes were examined immediately after collapsing from heat stroke during exercise, and then followed for several weeks. At the time of collapse most of the patients were sweating profusely, their rectal temperatures being more than 42 degrees C. All recovered within a few hours. The renal function was not disturbed more than expected during heavy exercise, serum levels of liver enzymes were, however, increased for several weeks. Electrolyte homeostasis was undisturbed but for a transient hypercalcemia that can not be fully explained. The marked increments in plasma levels of catecholamines, vasopressin and renin were as expected after heavy exercise. We conclude that as heat stroke presents as a continuum of clinical pictures, biochemical evidence of liver cell injury is a sensitive and important parameter for the diagnosis.
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Erotokritou-Mulligan I, Bassett EE, Bartlett C, Cowan D, McHugh C, Seah R, Curtis B, Wells V, Harrison K, Sönksen PH, Holt RIG. The effect of sports injury on insulin-like growth factor-I and type 3 procollagen: implications for detection of growth hormone abuse in athletes. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2008; 93:2760-3. [PMID: 18413420 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2007-2801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT A method to detect exogenously administered growth hormone (GH) based on the measurement of two GH-dependent markers, IGF-I and type 3 procollagen (P-III-P) has been proposed. Skeletal or soft tissue injury may alter these markers. Elevations in either of these proteins after injury might lead to a false accusation of doping with GH. OBJECTIVE The objective of the study was to assess the effect of musculoskeletal or soft tissue injury on IGF-I and P-III-P concentrations in amateur and elite athletes and assess the effect of injury on the proposed GH detection method. DESIGN This was a longitudinal observational study after sporting injury. SETTING The study was conducted at Southampton General Hospital and British Olympic Medical Centre. SUBJECTS Subjects included elite and amateur athletes after an injury. INTERVENTION Interventions included measurement of IGF-I and P-III-P and application of the GH-2000 discriminant function score up to 84 d after an injury as well as classification of injury by type and severity. OUTCOME MEASURES IGF-I and P-III-P concentration and ability to detect GH abuse in athletes without the risk of false accusation because of an injury were measured. RESULTS There was no change in IGF-I concentration after an injury. By contrast, P-III-P concentrations rose by 41.1 +/- 16.6%, reaching a peak around 14 d after an injury. The rise in P-III-P varied according to injury type and severity. This rise had a trivial effect on the GH-2000 discriminant function score, and no subject reached the threshold needed for a doping offense. CONCLUSIONS Although there was a rise in P-III-P after injury, this was insufficient to invalidate the GH-2000 detection method based on IGF-I and P-III-P concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioulietta Erotokritou-Mulligan
- The Institute of Developmental Sciences (IDS Building), MP887, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, Tremona Road, Southampton United Kingdom
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Martínez Amat A, Marchal Corrales JA, Rodríguez Serrano F, Boulaiz H, Prados Salazar JC, Hita Contreras F, Caba Perez O, Carrillo Delgado E, Martín I, Aranega Jimenez A. Role of alpha-actin in muscle damage of injured athletes in comparison with traditional markers. Br J Sports Med 2007; 41:442-6. [PMID: 17317758 PMCID: PMC2465360 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2006.032730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In order to identify a reliable marker for the early detection of muscle injuries in sports, alpha-actin protein and other markers of muscle damage were studied in sera of uninjured sportspeople and those with skeletal muscle injury. METHODS Blood samples were obtained from 20 sportspeople with skeletal muscle injury and 48 uninjured sportspeople. Immunoassays were performed to determine cardiac troponin I (TnI), troponin T, lactate dehydrogenase and myoglobin concentrations. Western blot and densitometry were used to measure alpha-actin concentrations. Skeletal muscle damage was diagnosed according to physical examination, MRI findings and the biochemical criterion of a creatine kinase value >500 IU/l (Rosalki method, Beckman Instruments SL, Fullerton, California, USA). Results were also compared with previously obtained data on injured and uninjured non-sportspeople. RESULTS The mean serum concentration of alpha-actin was significantly higher in sportspeople with muscle damage (10.49 microg/ml) than in uninjured sportspeople (3.99 mcirog/ml). Sera from injured sportspeople showed higher levels of alpha-actin than of troponin or myoglobin. No significant difference in TnI levels was observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS According to these results, alpha-actin is a new and reliable marker of skeletal muscle damage in sportspeople which can be used for the detection of muscle injury. Possible cross interference between skeletal and cardiac muscle damage can be discriminated by the combined use of alpha-actin and TnI. These data suggest that early measurement of alpha-actin in sportspeople with suspected muscle damage will allow them to receive earlier and more effective treatment and to return sooner to the practice of their sport.
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Abstract
Delayed-onset muscle soreness refers to the skeletal muscle pain that is experienced following eccentric exercise. The aim of the present study was to examine the physiological effects of physical activity with or without ibuprofen on delayed onset muscle soreness. Forty-four non-athletic male volunteers (age 24.3 +/- 2.4 years) were randomly assigned to one of four groups: physical activity (n = 11), ibuprofen (n = 11), physical activity and ibuprofen (combination, n = 11), or control (n = 11). The physical activity programme comprised 5 min of walking and jogging, 10 min of static stretching of the hands and shoulder girdle, and 5 min of concentric movements with sub-maximal contractions. The total amount of ibuprofen consumed by a single individual was 2800 mg; this was taken from 1 h before the eccentric actions up to 48 h after it. Delayed onset muscle soreness was induced by performing 70 eccentric contractions of the biceps muscle of the non-dominant side on a modified arm curl machine. Perceived muscle soreness, maximal eccentric contraction, creatine kinase enzyme activity and elbow range of motion were assessed 1 h before and 1, 24 and 48 h after the eccentric actions. The results indicated that, after the eccentric actions, soreness increased (P < 0.001) across time in all groups, with the highest values being recorded at 24 h. At 24 and 48 h, greater soreness (P < 0.001) was observed in the control group than in the physical activity and combination groups. After the eccentric actions, creatine kinase increased and was elevated (P < 0.001) compared with baseline in all groups, with values returning to baseline in the physical activity and combination groups by 48 h. However, creatine kinase in the control and ibuprofen groups was still significantly higher than at baseline after 48 h. Creatine kinase was higher (P < 0.001) in the control group than in physical activity and combination groups at 24 and 48 h. There was also a reduction (P < 0.001) in elbow range of motion across time. This reduction in elbow range of motion was greater (P < 0.001) in the control and ibuprofen groups than in the physical activity and combination groups at 1, 24 and 48 h. The reduction in maximum eccentric contraction was greater (P < 0.001) in the control and ibuprofen groups than in the physical activity group at 24 and 48 h and the combination group at 48 h. In conclusion, the results add to our understanding of the effects of physical activity and the combination of physical activity and ibuprofen in reducing the severity of muscle soreness induced by eccentric exercise. Physical activity conducted before eccentric exercise alleviates muscle soreness. Our results indicate that physical activity with or without ibuprofen helps to prevent delayed-onset muscle soreness.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Rahnama
- Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK.
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Martínez-Amat A, Boulaiz H, Prados J, Marchal JA, Padial Puche P, Caba O, Rodríguez-Serrano F, Aránega A. Release of alpha-actin into serum after skeletal muscle damage. Br J Sports Med 2006; 39:830-4. [PMID: 16244192 PMCID: PMC1725075 DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2004.017566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The skeletal muscle protein alpha-actin was investigated in the serum of subjects with severe skeletal muscle damage to assess its utility as a reliable and predictive marker of muscle damage. METHODS Serum samples were obtained from 33 healthy controls and 33 patients with severe skeletal muscle damage, defined by a total creatine kinase value of >500 IU/l (Rosalki method). Troponin I, troponin T, and myoglobin concentrations were determined by immunoassay and alpha-actin concentrations by Western blot and densitometry. RESULTS The mean serum concentration of alpha-actin in controls and patients with skeletal muscle damage was 600.9 and 1968.51 ng/ml, respectively, a statistically significant difference. Sera of patients with muscle damage showed higher levels of alpha-actin than of troponin or myoglobin. No significant difference in troponin I levels was observed between the groups. CONCLUSIONS According to these results, alpha-actin was the most significant skeletal muscle damage marker analysed and may be an ideal candidate for the identification of all types of myofibre injury, including sports injuries. Our findings support the use of alpha-actin as a marker alongside other currently used biological proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Martínez-Amat
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, E-23071 Jaén, Spain
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24
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if an athlete's capacity to perform exercise is impaired following concussion and whether this would be reflected by an altered heart rate response. METHODS Of the 14 concussed athletes, nine missed playing time as a direct result of their concussion and five did not. The concussed athletes performed an exercise protocol on a cycle ergometer within 72 hours of being asymptomatic at rest and a second test at 5 days following the previous assessment. Matched controls (n = 14) were tested using the same time line. The exercise protocol consisted of a 2 minute warm up, 10 minute, low-moderate intensity, steady state exercise session, and a high intensity interval protocol. The interval protocol consisted of a 40 second high intensity bout, followed by a 40 second rest period. This protocol continued until the participant had reached volitional fatigue. RESULTS The number of exercise bouts completed was not significantly different from their matched controls. However, concussed athletes who missed playing time had a significantly higher heart rate during the steady state exercise session. During this same period, they also exhibited a greater rise in heart rate over time. CONCLUSION These findings indicate that exercise capacity is unaffected in concussed athletes who are asymptomatic at rest. However, their heart rate response to submaximal exercise is increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Gall
- Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
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Varlet-Marie E, Maso F, Lac G, Brun JF. Hemorheological disturbances in the overtraining syndrome. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 2004; 30:211-8. [PMID: 15258345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Contemporary sports imply huge training volumes, with thus an increasing danger of overloading. The timely detection of the state of overloading in the organism as a whole or in skeletal muscles presents a difficult and complicated problem. A standardized questionnaire has been proposed by the French consensus group on overtraining of the Société Française de Médecine du Sport (SFMS) and allows the calculation of a "score" that may help to quantify the early clinical symptoms of the overtraining syndrome in sportsmen submitted to a heavy training program. We previously reported that this overtraining score is correlated with blood viscosity due to a correlation of this score with plasma viscosity and hematocrit. When subjects with a high score were compared to subjects with a lower score they appeared to have a higher blood viscosity at native (but not corrected) hematocrit, explained by higher values in both plasma viscosity and hematocrit. By contrast, there was no difference in RBC deformability and aggregation. Therefore, the early signs of overtraining in elite sportsmen are associated with a hemorheologic pattern that suggests some degree of reversal of the "autohemodilution" which characterizes fitness. In a further study we reported that the feeling of heavy legs in overtrained athletes is related to impaired hemorheology. Although well matched with controls for age and body composition, subjects with a complaint of heavy legs had higher plasma viscosity and a higher red cell aggregation as measured with laser backscattering. These findings suggest that the feeling of heavy legs in overtrained athletes are related to hemorheologic disturbances. In the light of the recent concept explaining this syndrome by a mild chronic inflammatory reaction, the investigation of hemorheology in overtraining can be a promising area for hemorheologists, providing both markers and likely pathophysiological explanations for some symptoms of this situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emanuelle Varlet-Marie
- Laboratoire de Pharmacocinétique Clinique, Faculté de Pharmacie, Université Montpellier I, France
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Abstract
During the last few decades, the role of sports and physical activity has become more and more important in all modern communities. The risk of tendon injury has thus increased, and prevention has become important. Epidemiologic studies are important when planning prevention programs for tendon injuries. Because of individual sport cultures and different sport habits in different countries, national epidemiologic studies are of importance in each individual country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Maffulli
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedic Surgery, Keele University School of Medicine, North Staffordshire Hospital, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke on Trent, Staffordshire, ST4 7QB, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate changes in serum concentrations of the biochemical markers of brain damage S-100B and neuron-specific enolase (NSE) in ice hockey and basketball players during games. DESIGN Descriptive clinical research. SETTING Competitive games of the Swedish Elite Ice Hockey League and the Swedish Elite Basketball League. PARTICIPANTS Twenty-six male ice hockey players (from two teams) and 18 basketball players (from two teams). INTERVENTIONS None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES S-100B and NSE were analyzed using two-site immunoluminometric assays. The numbers of acceleration/deceleration events were assessed from videotape recordings of the games. Head trauma-related symptoms were monitored 24 hours after the game using the Rivermead Post Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire. RESULTS Changes in serum concentrations of S-100B (postgame - pregame values) were statistically significant after both games (ice hockey, 0.072 +/- 0.108 microg/L, P = 0.00004; basketball, 0.076 +/- 0.091 microg/L, P = 0.001). In basketball, there was a significant correlation between the change in S-100B (postgame-pregame values) and jumps, which were the most frequent acceleration/deceleration (r = 0.706, P = 0.002). For NSE, no statistically significant change in serum concentration was found in either game. For one ice hockey player who experienced concussion during play, S-100B was increased more than for the other players. CONCLUSIONS S-100B was released into the blood of the players as a consequence of game-related activities and events. Analysis of the biochemical brain damage markers (in particular S-100B) seems to have the potential to become a valuable additional tool for assessment of the degree of brain tissue damage in sport-related head trauma and probably for decision making about returning to play.
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van den Baar MTM, Fekkes D, van den Hoogenband CR, Duivenvoorden HJ, Pepplinkhuizen L. Plasma amino acids and sports injuries. Amino Acids 2003; 26:71-6. [PMID: 14752619 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-003-0008-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2002] [Accepted: 02/10/2003] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to explore the relationship between changes in plasma amino acids and the incidence of sports injuries during a soccer season. Fourteen plasma amino acids were assayed at monthly intervals in 12 young soccer players during a whole soccer season. Based on the number and severity of injuries the soccer players were divided into an injury-prone and a non-injury-prone group. The mean plasma level of the amino acid glycine was significantly lower ( P=0.009) in the injury-prone group than the other group, while the mean plasma levels of tyrosine, tryptophan and lysine were higher in the injury-prone group during this period ( P<0.05). However there were no significant differences in the calculated plasma tryptophan and tyrosine/large neutral amino acids ratios. Significant linear time trends were observed for taurine, ornithine, lysine and the tryptophan/large neutral amino acids ratio.These results indicate that the plasma concentrations of glycine and to a lesser extent those of tyrosine, tryptophan and lysine may be promising peripheral markers for injury-proneness in young soccer players. Whether a role for glycine substitution will be indicative to reduce the occurrence of sports injuries will need to be investigated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- M T M van den Baar
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the hypothesis that subjects exposed to intermittent hyperbaric oxygen treatments would recover from signs and symptoms indicative of delayed-onset muscle soreness faster than subjects exposed to normoxic air. DESIGN Randomized, double-blinded study with a 4-day treatment protocol. SETTING University-based sports medicine clinic. PARTICIPANTS Sixteen sedentary female university students. INTERVENTIONS All subjects performed 300 maximal voluntary eccentric contractions (30 sets of 10 repetitions per minute) of their nondominant leg (110 to 35 degrees of knee flexion) at a slow speed (30 degrees per second) on a dynamometer to elicit muscle damage and injury. Hyperbaric oxygen treatments consisted of 100% oxygen for 60 minutes at 2.0 atmospheres absolute (ATA), while the control group received 21% oxygen at 1.2 ATA for the same amount of time. Both groups received treatment immediately after the induction of delayed-onset muscle soreness and each day thereafter for a period of 4 days (day 1 postexercise through day 4 postexercise). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Dependent variables (perceived muscle soreness, isokinetic strength, quadriceps circumference, creatine kinase, and malondialdehyde) were assessed at baseline (preexercise, day 0), 4 hours postexercise (day 1), 24 hours postexercise (day 2), 48 hours postexercise (day 3), and 72 hours postexercise (day 4). Magnetic resonance images (T2 relaxation time/short tip inversion recovery) were assessed at baseline (day 0), 24 hours postexercise (day 3), and 72 hours postexercise (day 5). RESULTS Repeated-measures analysis of variance was performed on all of the dependent variables to assess differences between treatment and control groups. Analyses revealed no significant differences between groups for treatment effects for any of the dependent variables (pain, strength, quadriceps circumference, creatine kinase, malondialdehyde, or magnetic resonance images). CONCLUSIONS The findings of this study suggest that hyperbaric oxygen therapy is not effective in the treatment of exercise-induced muscle injury as indicated by the markers evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shelina Babul
- BC Injury Research & Prevention Unit, Vancouver Hospital & Health Sciences Center, Family Medicine, University of British Columbia, Canada.
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Wang X, Shi Y, Zhao P. [Effects of high-intensity periodic training on activity of serum phosphoglucose isomerase and hemorheology]. Hunan Yi Ke Da Xue Xue Bao 2002; 24:89-90. [PMID: 11938754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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31
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De S, Gilbertson NJ. Traumatic optic neuropathy complicating combined idiopathic thrombocytopenia and neutropenia. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2002; 19:529-31. [PMID: 12217200 DOI: 10.1080/08880010290097341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S De
- Department of Paediatrics, Royal Cornwall Hospital, Cornwall, UK.
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32
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Abstract
Gravidity studies have intimated a relationship between serum relaxin levels and joint laxity. To assess its applicability to eumenorrheic athletes, weekly serum relaxin and knee arthrometry measurements were obtained in 57 collegiate women and 5 men for 4 consecutive weeks. The former included athletes, ACL-injured athletes, and nonathletes, while the latter formed an a priori hormonal control. Analysis of variance revealed a significant change in weekly serum relaxin levels in females but not in anterior translation. Regression analysis failed to disclose a relationship between these variables. Therefore, we conclude relaxin does not affect knee laxity.
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Su YC, Lin CJ, Chen KT, Lee SM, Lin JS, Tsai CC, Chou Y, Lin JG. Effects of huangqi jianzhong tang on hematological and biochemical parameters in judo athletes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2001; 22:1154-8. [PMID: 11749817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of Huangqi Jianzhong Tang (HQJZT) on hematological and biochemical parameters in judo athletes. METHODS Sixteen male and eight female judo athletes in Hsin-Ming senior high school were randomly and stratified divided into control and experimental group, which received placebo and HQJZT respectively during the five-week training program. The measurement of the hematological and biochemical parameters was performed twice, just before and after the training. The data was analyzed with paired-t test and ANOVA. RESULTS The values of RBC, Hb, and Hct were obvious decreased after intervention, while the value of GOT, GPT, BUN, and CK was elevated. CONCLUSION The results indicated the hematological and biochemical changes were caused by the physical training but not the effects of HQJZT. The HQJZT had no adverse effects on the judo athletes in our study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Su
- Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical College, Taichung, Taiwan, China
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35
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Abstract
We undertook this study to demonstrate the pattern of onset and the course of arthritis on the traumatised joint in spondyloarthropathy (SpA) initiated by physical trauma. Among 288 patients with SpA, 12 (4.2%) whose arthropathies were associated with trauma were reviewed retrospectively. There were seven patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS), three with juvenile onset AS and two undifferentiated SpA. The type of trauma was direct injury to the joint and injuries at other sites, except in spinal surgery, for example. In eight cases the initial evidence of disease was peripheral arthritis. The disease first occurred in traumatised joints in five cases. Only three cases showed recurrent inflammatory episodes in the traumatised joints throughout the disease course. SpA initiated by trauma initially manifested as peripheral arthritis at the traumatised joints in about half of the cases. Inflammatory episodes preferentially involved other joints apart from the traumatised joints throughout the whole course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Jun
- Division of Rheumatology, The Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
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36
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Abstract
CONTEXT Bicycling is one of the leading causes of recreational injuries. Elevated blood alcohol concentrations (BACs) are found in about one third of fatally injured bicyclists aged 15 years or older. OBJECTIVE To assess the relative risk of fatal and serious bicycling injury according to BAC. DESIGN Matched case-control study. SETTING AND SUBJECTS Bicyclists aged 15 years or older who were fatally or seriously injured while riding a bicycle during the day in Maryland in 1985-1997 (cases, n = 124) and bicyclists aged 15 years or older who were interviewed and given a breath test for estimated BAC during roadside surveys that took place in June 1996 through May 1998 at the same site, time of day, day of week, and month of year in which a case bicyclist was injured (controls, n = 342). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Odds ratio of bicycling injury according to estimated BAC. RESULTS An estimated positive BAC (>/=0.02 g/dL) was detected in 12.9% of the case bicyclists (23.5% of the 34 fatally injured and 8.9% of the 90 seriously injured) compared with 2.9% of the control bicyclists (P<.001). Relative to an estimated BAC of less than 0.02 g/dL, the adjusted odds ratio of bicycling injury was 5.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.2-14.0) for a BAC of 0.02 g/dL or higher and was 20.2 (95% CI, 4.2-96.3) for a BAC of 0.08 g/dL or higher. Rates of helmet use at the time of injury or interview were 5% and 35%, respectively, for those with and without a positive BAC (P =.007). CONCLUSION Alcohol use while bicycle riding is associated with a substantially increased risk of fatal or serious injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E Monument St, Suite 6-100, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
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37
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether the association between blood groups and Achilles tendon rupture (ATR) reported in some Scandinavian countries and in Hungary was present in our region. METHODS We studied 78 patients treated at Aberdeen Royal Infirmary from 1990 to 1996, and compared their distribution of ABO blood groups with that found in 24.501 blood donors typed at the Blood Transfusion Centre during the same period. RESULTS Overall, 47 of 78 (60%) of patients with an Achilles tendon rupture belonged to blood group O, compared with 51% of the population as a whole. Only 22 (28%) of the Achilles tendon rupture patients belonged to blood group A, whereas 35% of the general population were members of this group (NS). The A/O ratio was 0.47 for the tendon rupture patients, compared with 0.68 for the general population (NS). CONCLUSIONS We could not demonstrate any significant association between the proportions of ABO blood groups and ATR in the Grampian Region of Scotland. The findings in other studies could be due to peculiarities in the distribution of the ABO groups in genetically segregated populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Maffulli
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Aberdeen Medical School, Scotland, UK
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38
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Abstract
Reports of equestrian perniosis are rare in the literature and in the cases previously described there have been no abnormal laboratory investigations. We describe two patients with equestrian perniosis who had persistently elevated titres of cold agglutinins. We discuss the relationship of these cold agglutinins to the pathogenesis of perniosis and other related skin disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- B D De Silva
- Departments of Dermatology and Pathology, The Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Scotland.
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39
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Abstract
PURPOSE Strenuous stretch-shortening cycle exercise was used as a model to study the leakage of proteins from skeletal muscle. METHODS The analysis included serum levels of creatine kinase (S-CK), myoglobin (S-Mb), and carbonic anhydrase (S-CA III). Blood samples from power- (N=11) and endurance-trained (N=10) athletes were collected before, 0, and 2 h after the exercise, which consisted of a total of 400 jumps. RESULTS The levels of all determined myocellular proteins increased immediately after the exercise (P < 0.05-0.001) among both subject groups. In the endurance group, the protein levels increased (P < 0.05-0.001) further during the following 2 h after the exercise, and the ratio of S-CA III and S-Mb decreased (P < 0.05) in a before-after comparison. This was not the case among the power group despite their greater mechanical work (P < 0.001) and higher ratio of eccentric and concentric EMG activity of the leg extensor muscles (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The differences of the determined protein levels between the subject groups might be due to obvious differences in the muscle fiber distribution, differences in recruitment order of motor units, and/or differences in training background.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kyröläinen
- Neuromuscular Research Center, Department of Biology of Physical Activity, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
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40
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Abstract
This study tested the hypothesis that exercise in combination with a 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitor produces greater creatine kinase (CK) elevations, an index of skeletal muscle injury, than exercise alone, using a double-blind, placebo-controlled design. Fifty-nine healthy men aged 18 to 65 years with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels greater than 3.36 mmol/L (130 mg/dL) despite diet therapy were studied. Subjects were randomly assigned to receive lovastatin (40 mg/d) or placebo for 5 weeks. Subjects completed 45 minutes of downhill treadmill walking (-15% grade) at 65% of their predetermined maximum heart rate after 4 weeks of treatment. During the subsequent week, they completed four 10-repetition sets of one-arm biceps curl exercise using 50% of their maximum capacity. CK levels were measured before exercise and daily for 4 and 5 days after the treadmill and biceps exercises, respectively. Age, body weight, and blood lipid and lipoprotein levels were similar in lovastatin and placebo groups. Resting CK levels were 33% higher in the lovastatin group before treatment (P < .05), but were not significantly altered by lovastatin. CK levels were 62% and 77% higher (P < .05) in the lovastatin group 24 and 48 hours after treadmill exercise after adjusting for initial CK differences. There were no significant CK differences between lovastatin and placebo groups after biceps curl exercise. We conclude that HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors exacerbate exercise-induced skeletal muscle injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Thompson
- Division of Cardiology, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Mair J, Schobersberger W, Koller A, Bialk P, Villiger B, Frey W, Puschendorf B. Risk for exercise-induced myocardial injury for athletes performing prolonged strenuous endurance exercise. Am J Cardiol 1997; 80:543-4. [PMID: 9285682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Drotman DP. Professional boxing, bleeding, and HIV testing. JAMA 1996; 276:193. [PMID: 8667554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Leppilahti J, Puranen J, Orava S. ABO blood group and Achilles tendon rupture. Ann Chir Gynaecol 1996; 85:369-71. [PMID: 9014069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The association between ABO blood groups and Achilles tendon (AT) ruptures was studied in 215 consecutive AT rupture patients treated at Oulu University Hospital during the 16-year period from 1979 to 1994 as compared with control material consisting of earlier blood group determinations performed on an unselected sample of 5,536 young Finnish male adults. There was no blood group O dominance or other statistical differences in ABO blood groups between the patients with AT rupture and the control population (chi 2 3.79, P = 0.28), the A/O ratio being 1.82 in the rupture group and 1.42 in the controls. We found no blood group O dominance in competitive athletes, recreational athletes or non-athletes, in patients with sports-related AT ruptures or non-sports-related ruptures and in younger (< 45 years) or older (> or = 45--years) patients. In conclusion, our results do not confirm early findings of blood group O dominance in patients with AT rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Leppilahti
- Department of Surgery, Oulu University Hospital, Finland
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44
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Abstract
We report a case of a spontaneous humeral shaft fracture sustained during pitching by a 22-year-old previously healthy female European team handball player. The fracture was treated by closed reposition followed by immobilization in a hanging cast. The fracture healed uneventfully, and normal function and range of motion were reached within 6 months. Between 1 and 2 years after the fracture, bone mineral measurements showed a decreased bone mass (1.43-2.56 SD below mean values of normal women) at all measuring sites; proximal tibia bilaterally (bone mineral content (right) = 2.68 g/cm, bone mineral content (left) = 2.79 g/cm), lumbar spine (bone mineral density (L2-4) = 0.814 g/cm2), and right hip (bone mineral density (neck) = 0.697 g/cm2, bone mineral density (Ward's) = 0.626 g/cm2). A thorough endocrinological examination indicated that a state of bone loss existed, but no specific endocrine disease was found. The unusual fracture presented must be considered the result of the torsional forces transmitted to a severely osteoporotic bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Landmark
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery A, Frederiksberg Hospital, Denmark
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45
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Rowbottom DG, Keast D, Goodman C, Morton AR. The haematological, biochemical and immunological profile of athletes suffering from the overtraining syndrome. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1995; 70:502-9. [PMID: 7556122 DOI: 10.1007/bf00634379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
To help clarify the overtraining syndrome (OTS), a combination of parameters were measured in ten athletes who were suffering from OTS. Blood samples were obtained at rest and a range of haematological, biochemical and immunological tests were carried out on the samples. For each parameter, the mean value for the group was compared to an established normal range amongst age-matched controls. The subjects were also asked to complete a questionnaire to establish the severity of their condition. The data indicated that the debilitating fatigue experienced by the OTS sufferers was not related to any of the blood parameters traditionally associated with chronic exercise stress, since levels were normal in OTS. The only parameter measured which deviated significantly from the normal range for both the sedentary controls and the athletes was the plasma concentration of glutamine. Although the data in this study would suggest that plasma glutamine concentrations represented an objective, measurable difference between OTS subjects and normal controls, it remains to be shown that there is any correlation between glutamine concentrations and other clinical symptoms of OTS such as physical capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- D G Rowbottom
- Department of Microbiology, University of Western Australia, QE II Medical Centre, Nedlands
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46
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Alcena V. Boxing and the transmission of HIV. N Y State J Med 1988; 88:392. [PMID: 3405517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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47
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Girre C, Facy F, Lagier G, Dally S. [Presence of benzodiazepines in the serum of patients after accidents. Relation to alcoholism]. Presse Med 1988; 17:1135-8. [PMID: 2899887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In a study of 2.021 injured persons (accidents at home or at work, road accidents), qualitative assays of serum benzodiazepines by the EMIT method were positive in 9.6 per cent of the cases, including 3.2 per cent who had blood alcohol levels in excess of 0.10 g/l. Benzodiazepines were more frequently found in accidents at home and on roads than in accidents at work. These results raise the question of the role played by benzodiazepines as a possible risk factor of accidents, notably road accidents.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Girre
- Clinique toxicologique, Hôpital Fernand Widal, Paris
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48
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Abstract
Creatine kinase isoenzyme BB (CK-BB) is found in high concentrations in the brain. Normally concentrations in blood are undetectable or low. Blood concentrations of CK-BB were measured in 16 boxers before and after a fight and in 16 track cyclists before and after a race. Blood CK-BB rose to significantly higher concentrations in the boxers than in the cyclists. The number of blows received to the head was estimated in half the boxers and correlated significantly with the rise in CK-BB. This increase in blood CK-BB may indicate disruption of the blood-brain barrier. This may be one of the mechanisms accounting for brain damage in boxers.
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