PC2/CPE-mediated pro-protein processing in tumor cells and its differentiated cells or tissues

Pro-protein convertase-2 (PC2) and carboxypeptidase-E (CPE) proteins are two major members of the pro-protein convertases that involve in the maturation of protein precursor. By using PC2 activity, immunocytochemistry (ICC) and Western blot method, PC2, CPE and preproNPY protein expression levels were compared among mature retina tissue, RGC-5 cells and its differentiated cells, or brain cortex tissue, NS20Y tumor cells and its differentiated cells, or mature breast tissue, breast tumor cell RM1 and breast adenocarcinoma tissue. The experimental results indicated that the differentiated cells or tissues had higher or highest PC2 activity. In the comparative experiments, more PC2 protein expression in the mature tissues and more CPE and preproNPY protein expression in the tumor cells or tumor tissue were observed, but no expression of preproNPY protein was observed in the mature tissues. Compared with NS20Y or RGC-5 undifferentiated cells, its differentiated cells showed less proPC2, more proCPE and more preproNPY protein expressions. The results demonstrated that the mature tissues showed stronger PC2/CPE-mediated pro-protein processing ability than the tumor cells or tissue. The results also showed that the artificial differentiation of RGC-5 or NS20Y cells was different from maturation of its corresponding normal tissue.

Carboxypeptidase E in rat antropyloric mucosa: distribution in progenitor and mature endocrine cell types

Processing of most gut hormones involves cleavage between dibasic amino acids followed by carboxypeptidase-catalyzed removal of the COOH-terminal basic residue, resulting in peptides with a COOH-terminal glycine. Such peptides may subsequently be converted to amidated peptides or can be directly secreted. It is believed that carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is involved in gut hormone processing but its presence in gut endocrine cells has never been studied. We have analyzed the distribution of CPE in the antropyloric mucosa of rat stomach and report that gastrin cells and progenitor gastrin-somatostatin (G/D) cells express CPE while mature somatostatin cells and the majority of serotonin cells fail to express CPE. These data indicate that immature G/D cells are able to process gastrin to glycine-extended forms and that CPE-mediated processing is not a characteristic of mature somatostatin and serotonin cells.