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Flores-Pliego A, Miranda J, Vega-Torreblanca S, Valdespino-Vázquez Y, Helguera-Repetto C, Espejel-Nuñez A, Borboa-Olivares H, Espino y Sosa S, Mateu-Rogell P, León-Juárez M, Ramírez-Santes V, Cardona-Pérez A, Villegas-Mota I, Torres-Torres J, Juárez-Reyes Á, Rizo-Pica T, González RO, González-Mariscal L, Estrada-Gutierrez G. Molecular Insights into the Thrombotic and Microvascular Injury in Placental Endothelium of Women with Mild or Severe COVID-19. Cells 2021; 10:cells10020364. [PMID: 33578631 PMCID: PMC7916402 DOI: 10.3390/cells10020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical manifestations of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in pregnant women are diverse, and little is known of the impact of the disease on placental physiology. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been detected in the human placenta, and its binding receptor ACE2 is present in a variety of placental cells, including endothelium. Here, we analyze the impact of COVID-19 in placental endothelium, studying by immunofluorescence the expression of von Willebrand factor (vWf), claudin-5, and vascular endothelial (VE) cadherin in the decidua and chorionic villi of placentas from women with mild and severe COVID-19 in comparison to healthy controls. Our results indicate that: (1) vWf expression increases in the endothelium of decidua and chorionic villi of placentas derived from women with COVID-19, being higher in severe cases; (2) Claudin-5 and VE-cadherin expression decrease in the decidua and chorionic villus of placentas from women with severe COVID-19 but not in those with mild disease. Placental histological analysis reveals thrombosis, infarcts, and vascular wall remodeling, confirming the deleterious effect of COVID-19 on placental vessels. Together, these results suggest that placentas from women with COVID-19 have a condition of leaky endothelium and thrombosis, which is sensitive to disease severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Flores-Pliego
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (A.F.-P.); (C.H.-R.); (A.E.-N.); (M.L.-J.)
| | - Jael Miranda
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (J.M.); (S.V.-T.)
| | - Sara Vega-Torreblanca
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (J.M.); (S.V.-T.)
| | | | - Cecilia Helguera-Repetto
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (A.F.-P.); (C.H.-R.); (A.E.-N.); (M.L.-J.)
| | - Aurora Espejel-Nuñez
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (A.F.-P.); (C.H.-R.); (A.E.-N.); (M.L.-J.)
| | - Héctor Borboa-Olivares
- Community Interventions Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico;
| | - Salvador Espino y Sosa
- Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (S.E.yS.); (P.M.-R.)
| | - Paloma Mateu-Rogell
- Clinical Research Branch, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (S.E.yS.); (P.M.-R.)
| | - Moisés León-Juárez
- Department of Immunobiochemistry, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico; (A.F.-P.); (C.H.-R.); (A.E.-N.); (M.L.-J.)
| | - Victor Ramírez-Santes
- Department of Obstetrics, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico;
| | - Arturo Cardona-Pérez
- General Direction, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico;
| | - Isabel Villegas-Mota
- Department of Epidemiology, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico;
| | - Johnatan Torres-Torres
- Hospital General de México Dr Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (J.T.-T.); (Á.J.-R.); (T.R.-P.)
| | - Ángeles Juárez-Reyes
- Hospital General de México Dr Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (J.T.-T.); (Á.J.-R.); (T.R.-P.)
| | - Thelma Rizo-Pica
- Hospital General de México Dr Eduardo Liceaga, Ciudad de México 06720, Mexico; (J.T.-T.); (Á.J.-R.); (T.R.-P.)
| | - Rosa O. González
- Department of Mathematics, Autonomous Metropolitan University-Iztapalapa (UAM-I), Ciudad de México 14387, Mexico;
| | - Lorenza González-Mariscal
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics and Neuroscience, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (Cinvestav), Ciudad de México 07360, Mexico; (J.M.); (S.V.-T.)
- Correspondence: (L.G.-M.); (G.E.-G.); Tel.: +5255-5-747-3800 (ext. 3966) (L.G.-M.); +5255-5-520-9900 (ext. 160) (G.E.-G.)
| | - Guadalupe Estrada-Gutierrez
- Research Division, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Ciudad de México 11000, Mexico
- Correspondence: (L.G.-M.); (G.E.-G.); Tel.: +5255-5-747-3800 (ext. 3966) (L.G.-M.); +5255-5-520-9900 (ext. 160) (G.E.-G.)
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Keep RF, Andjelkovic AV, Xiang J, Stamatovic SM, Antonetti DA, Hua Y, Xi G. Brain endothelial cell junctions after cerebral hemorrhage: Changes, mechanisms and therapeutic targets. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:1255-1275. [PMID: 29737222 PMCID: PMC6092767 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x18774666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Vascular disruption is the underlying cause of cerebral hemorrhage, including intracerebral, subarachnoid and intraventricular hemorrhage. The disease etiology also involves cerebral hemorrhage-induced blood-brain barrier (BBB) disruption, which contributes an important component to brain injury after the initial cerebral hemorrhage. BBB loss drives vasogenic edema, allows leukocyte extravasation and may lead to the entry of potentially neurotoxic and vasoactive compounds into brain. This review summarizes current information on changes in brain endothelial junction proteins in response to cerebral hemorrhage (and clot-related factors), the mechanisms underlying junction modification and potential therapeutic targets to limit BBB disruption and, potentially, hemorrhage occurrence. It also addresses advances in the tools that are now available for assessing changes in junctions after cerebral hemorrhage and the potential importance of such junction changes. Recent studies suggest post-translational modification, conformational change and intracellular trafficking of junctional proteins may alter barrier properties. Understanding how cerebral hemorrhage alters BBB properties beyond changes in tight junction protein loss may provide important therapeutic insights to prevent BBB dysfunction and restore normal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard F Keep
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Anuska V Andjelkovic
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jianming Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | - David A Antonetti
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science Medical School, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ya Hua
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Guohua Xi
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Michigan Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Chen SS, Li YH, Lin MF. Chronic Exposure to the Fusarium Mycotoxin Deoxynivalenol: Impact on Performance, Immune Organ, and Intestinal Integrity of Slow-Growing Chickens. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E334. [PMID: 29053594 PMCID: PMC5666380 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9100334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 10/13/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the long-term effects of deoxynivalenol (DON) consumption on avian growth performance, on the proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage of spleen cells, and on intestinal integrity. Two hundred and eight 5-day-old black-feathered Taiwan country chickens were fed diets containing 0, 2, 5, and 10 mg/kg of DON for 16 weeks. Body weight gain of male birds in the 2 mg/kg group was significantly lower than that in the 5 mg/kg group. At the end of trial, feeding DON-contaminated diets of 5 mg/kg resulted in heavier spleens. Moreover, the increase in DON induced cellular proliferation, apoptosis, and DNA damage signals in the spleen, the exception being female birds fed 10 mg/kg of DON showing reduced proliferation. Expression of claudin-5 was increased in jejunum of female birds fed 2 and 5 mg/kg of DON, whereas decreased expression levels were found in male birds. In conclusion, our results verified that DON may cause a disturbance to the immune system and alter the intestinal barrier in Taiwan country chickens, and may also lead to discrepancies in growth performances in a dose- and sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S Chen
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10673, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Hung Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10673, Taiwan.
| | - Mei-Fong Lin
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10673, Taiwan.
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YOO DY, YIM HS, JUNG HY, NAM SM, KIM JW, CHOI JH, SEONG JK, YOON YS, KIM DW, HWANG IK. Chronic type 2 diabetes reduces the integrity of the blood-brain barrier by reducing tight junction proteins in the hippocampus. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78:957-62. [PMID: 26876499 PMCID: PMC4937155 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.15-0589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the effects of type 2 diabetes-induced hyperglycemia on the integrity of the blood-brain barrier and tight junction markers in the rat hippocampus. Forty-week-old diabetic (Zucker diabetic fatty, ZDF) rats and littermate control (Zucker lean control, ZLC) rats were used in this study. We evaluated the integrity of the blood-brain barrier by measuring sodium fluorescein extravasation and blood vessel ultrastructure. In addition, tight junction markers, such as zona occludens-1, occludin and claudin-5, were quantified by western blot analysis. ZDF rats showed significantly increased sodium fluorescein leakage in the hippocampus. Tight junction markers, such as occludin and claudin-5, were significantly decreased in the hippocampi of ZDF rats compared to those of ZLC rats. In addition, ZDF rats showed ultrastructural changes with phagocytic findings in the blood vessels. These results suggest that chronic untreated diabetes impairs the permeability of the hippocampal blood-brain barrier by down-regulating occludin and claudin-5, indicating that chronic untreated diabetes may cause hippocampus-dependent dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dae Young YOO
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Hee Sun YIM
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral
Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457; South Korea
| | - Hyo Young JUNG
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Sung Min NAM
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jong Whi KIM
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
| | - Jung Hoon CHOI
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National
University, Chuncheon 24341, South Korea
| | - Je Kyung SEONG
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
South Korea
| | - Yeo Sung YOON
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
South Korea
| | - Dae Won KIM
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral
Sciences, College of Dentistry, Kangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457; South Korea
| | - In Koo HWANG
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and
Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, South Korea
- KMPC (Korea Mouse Phenotyping Center), Seoul National University, Seoul 08826,
South Korea
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Hintsala HR, Siponen M, Haapasaari KM, Karihtala P, Soini Y. Claudins 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 in solar keratosis and squamocellular carcinoma of the skin. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013; 6:2855-2863. [PMID: 24294371 PMCID: PMC3843265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Claudins are tight junction proteins regulating the paracellular permeability of cell layers. We investigated the expression of claudins 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 7 in a sample set consisting of a total of 93 cases representing normal skin, actinic keratoses and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. There were several changes found in claudin expression. Claudin 1 appeared to be progressively decreased in solar keratosis and skin squamous cell carcinomas compared to normal skin while expression of claudin 2 was increased. With claudins 3 and 5 occasional immunoreactivity was found in squamous cell carcinomas. Claudins 4 and 7 were variably expressed in skin neoplasia compared to normal skin. According to the results expression of claudins 1 and 2 change in parallel with the severity of the epidermal preneoplastic and neoplastic lesions thus probably influencing the disturbed epithelial polarity characteristic of these lesions. Claudin 1 under- and claudin 2 overexpression also lead to a leakier epithelial barrier function of the skin with a resulting damage to skin epithelial resistance. Other claudins investigated in this study did not show progressive changes even though occasional overexpression of them was found in skin squamous cell carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanna-Riikka Hintsala
- Department of Pathology, Oulu University Hospital and University of OuluOulu, Finland
| | - Maria Siponen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, Kuopio University HospitalKuopio, Finland
| | | | - Peeter Karihtala
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Oulu University Hospital and University of OuluOulu, Finland
| | - Ylermi Soini
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Cancer Center of Eastern Finland and Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University HospitalKuopio, Finland
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