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Singini MG, Muchengeti M, Sitas F, Chen WC, Combes JD, Waterboer T, Clifford GM. Antibodies against high-risk human papillomavirus proteins as markers for noncervical HPV-related cancers in a Black South African population, according to HIV status. Int J Cancer 2024; 155:251-260. [PMID: 38577820 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.34919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) proteins may elicit antibody responses in the process toward HPV-related malignancy. However, HPV seroepidemiology in noncervical HPV-related cancers remains poorly understood, particularly in populations with a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Using a glutathione S-transferase-based multiplex serology assay, antibodies against E6, E7 and L1 proteins of HPV16 and HPV18 were measured in sera of 535 cases of noncervical HPV-related cancers (anal (n = 104), vulval (n = 211), vaginal (n = 49), penile (n = 37) and oropharyngeal (n = 134)) and 6651 non-infection-related cancer controls, from the Johannesburg Cancer Study that recruited Black South African with newly diagnosed cancer between 1995 and 2016. Logistic and Poisson regression models were used to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and prevalence ratios (aPR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) in cases versus controls. HPV16 E6 was more strongly associated with noncervical HPV-related cancers than HPV16 L1 or E7, or HPV18 proteins: anal (females (HPV16 E6 aOR = 11.50;95%CI:6.0-22.2), males (aOR = 10.12;95%CI:4.9-20.8), vulval (aOR = 11.69;95%CI:7.9-17.2), vaginal (aOR = 10.26;95%CI:5.0-21), penile (aOR = 18.95;95%CI:8.9-40), and oropharyngeal (females (aOR = 8.95;95%CI:2.9-27.5), males (aOR = 3.49;95%CI:1.8-7.0)) cancers. HPV16-E6 seropositivity ranged from 24.0% to 35.1% in anal, vulval, vaginal and penile cancer but was significantly lower (11.2%) in oropharyngeal cancer. After adjustment for HIV, prevalence of which increased from 22.2% in 1995-2005 to 54.1% in 2010-2016, HPV16 E6 seropositivity increased by period of diagnosis (aPR for 2010-2016 vs. 1995-2006 = 1.84;95%CI:1.1-3.0). Assuming HPV16 E6 seroprevalence reflects HPV attributable fraction, the proportion of certain noncervical-HPV-related cancers caused by HPV is increasing over time in South Africa. This is expected to be driven by the increasing influence of HIV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mwiza Gideon Singini
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, Lyon, France
- National Cancer Registry, National Institute for Communicable Diseases a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Mazvita Muchengeti
- National Cancer Registry, National Institute for Communicable Diseases a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- South African DSI-NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA), Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - Freddy Sitas
- Center for Primary Health Care and Equity, School of Population Health, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Menzies Center of Health Policy, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wenlong Carl Chen
- National Cancer Registry, National Institute for Communicable Diseases a Division of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Strengthening Oncology Services Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Sydney Brenner Institute for Molecular Bioscience, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Jean-Damien Combes
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, Lyon, France
| | - Tim Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology Division, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Gary M Clifford
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC/WHO), Early Detection, Prevention and Infections Branch, Lyon, France
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Abstract
We have evaluated the serum levels of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen in patients with adenocarcinoma of the kidney, adenocarcinoma of the prostate, germ cell tumors of the testis, transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, and SCC of the penis, urethra, and bladder. Serum SCC antigen levels were elevated in 5 of 11 patients (45%) with metastatic SCC of the penis, and in the 3 patients for whom serial determinations were made, the serum levels correlated correctly with the progression of disease or response to treatment. The antigen was elevated in 1 of 3 patients with SCC of the urethra, and 1 apparent false-positive value was observed in a patient with adenocarcinoma of the prostate. Otherwise, no SCC antigen elevations were noted among 10 patients with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the prostate, 8 with metastatic adenocarcinoma of the kidney, 11 with metastatic transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder, 8 with metastatic nonseminomatous germ cell tumors of the testis, and 2 patients with metastatic SCC of the bladder
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Affiliation(s)
- K I Wishnow
- Department of Urology, University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston
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Mouratidou D, Kortsaris AH, Andreadis C, Galaktidou G, Vakalikos I. Combined Therapy with Cisplatin and Interferon α-2b (INTRON-A) in Patients with Penile Carcinoma. Analysis of 2'5’ oligo (A) Synthetase and Circulating Interferon. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 11:55-7. [PMID: 8740645 DOI: 10.1177/172460089601100112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Rahman S, Rollison DE, Pierce Campbell CM, Waterboer T, Michel A, Pawlita M, Villa LL, Lazcano Ponce E, Wang W, Borenstein AR, Giuliano AR. Seroprevalence of Cutaneous Human Papillomaviruses and the Risk of External Genital Lesions in Men: A Nested Case-Control Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0167174. [PMID: 27893841 PMCID: PMC5125700 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0167174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A variety of cutaneous human papillomaviruses (HPV) are detectable in genital epithelial lesions in men and non-melanoma skin cancer patients. It remains unclear whether these viruses are associated causally with skin lesions. To date, no study has prospectively examined the association between cutaneous HPV seropositivity and development of external genital lesions (EGLs) in men. Objectives To examine the association between seropositivity to cutaneous HPV types and the risk of subsequent development of EGLs. Methods A nested case-control study including 163 incident EGL cases and 352 EGL-free controls in the HPV Infection in Men (HIM) Study cohort was conducted. Cases were ascertained at each of up to 10 biannual clinical visits and verified through biopsy and pathological diagnoses. EGLs were categorized as condyloma, suggestive of condyloma, penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN), and other EGLs. Archived serum specimens collected at baseline were tested for antibodies against 14 cutaneous HPV types (β types (5, 8, 12, 14, 17, 22, 23, 24, 38, and 47), α type 27, γ type 4, μ type 1, and ν type 41) using a GST L1-based multiplex serology assay. Socio-demographic and sexual behavior data were collected through a questionnaire. Using logistic regression, adjusted odds ratios (AOR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated. Results Overall, seropositivity to ≥1 cutaneous HPV type (any-HPV) and ≥1 β types (any-β) was 58.3% and 37.5% among other EGL cases, 71.6% and 46.8% among condyloma, 66.8% and 50.0% among PeIN, and 71.9% and 38.4% among controls, respectively. Type-specific seropositivity was most common for ɤ-HPV 4, μ-HPV 1, and β-HPV 8. No statistically significant association was observed between any-HPV, any-β, and type-specific HPV seropositivity and subsequent development of EGLs across all pathological diagnoses. Conclusions Overall, seropositivity to cutaneous HPV was common among men; however, it appears that cutaneous HPV is not associated with the development of genital lesions in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shams Rahman
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, United States
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
| | - Dana E. Rollison
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, United States
| | | | - Tim Waterboer
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Research Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angelika Michel
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Research Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Pawlita
- Infection, Inflammation and Cancer Research Program, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Luisa L. Villa
- School of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Wei Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
| | - Amy R. Borenstein
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of South Florida, Tampa, United States
| | - Anna R. Giuliano
- Center for Infection Research in Cancer, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, United States
- * E-mail:
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Steffens S, Al Ghazal A, Steinestel J, Lehmann R, Wegener G, Schnoeller TJ, Cronauer MV, Jentzmik F, Schrader M, Kuczyk MA, Schrader AJ. High CRP values predict poor survival in patients with penile cancer. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:223. [PMID: 23642165 PMCID: PMC3649950 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High levels of circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) have recently been linked to poor clinical outcome in various malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prognostic significance of the preoperative serum CRP level in patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the penis. METHODS This retrospective analysis included 79 penile cancer patients with information about their serum CRP value prior to surgery who underwent either radical or partial penectomy at two German high-volume centers (Ulm University Medical Center and Hannover Medical School) between 1990 and 2010. They had a median (mean) follow-up of 23 (32) months. RESULTS A significantly elevated CRP level (>15 vs. ≤ 15 mg/l) was found more often in patients with an advanced tumor stage (≥pT2) (38.9 vs. 11.6%, p=0.007) and in those with nodal disease at diagnosis (50.0 vs. 14.6%, p=0.007). However, high CRP levels were not associated with tumor differentiation (p=0.53). The Kaplan-Meier 5-year cancer-specific survival (CSS) rate was 38.9% for patients with preoperative CRP levels above 15 mg/l and 84.3% for those with lower levels (p=0.001). Applying multivariate analysis and focusing on the subgroup of patients without metastasis at the time of penile surgery, both advanced local tumor stage (≥pT2; HR 8.8, p=0.041) and an elevated CRP value (>15 mg/l; HR 3.3, p=0.043) were identified as independent predictors of poor clinical outcome in patients with penile cancer. CONCLUSIONS A high preoperative serum CRP level was associated with poor survival in patients with penile cancer. If larger patient populations confirm its prognostic value, its routine use could enable better risk stratification and risk-adjusted follow-up of patients with SCC of the penis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Steffens
- Department of Urology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andreas Al Ghazal
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Medical Center, Pritzwitzstrasse 43, Ulm, D-89075, Germany
| | - Julie Steinestel
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Medical Center, Pritzwitzstrasse 43, Ulm, D-89075, Germany
| | - Rieke Lehmann
- Department of Urology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Gerd Wegener
- Cancer Center, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas J Schnoeller
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Medical Center, Pritzwitzstrasse 43, Ulm, D-89075, Germany
| | - Marcus V Cronauer
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Medical Center, Pritzwitzstrasse 43, Ulm, D-89075, Germany
| | - Florian Jentzmik
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Medical Center, Pritzwitzstrasse 43, Ulm, D-89075, Germany
| | - Mark Schrader
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Medical Center, Pritzwitzstrasse 43, Ulm, D-89075, Germany
| | - Markus A Kuczyk
- Department of Urology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Andres J Schrader
- Department of Urology, Ulm University Medical Center, Pritzwitzstrasse 43, Ulm, D-89075, Germany
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Touloupidis S, Zisimopoulos A, Giannakopoulos S, Papatsoris AG, Kalaitzis C, Thanos A. Clinical usage of the squamous cell carcinoma antigen in patients with penile cancer. Int J Urol 2007; 14:174-6. [PMID: 17302580 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2042.2007.01694.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We present our initial experience with the use of the squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) antigen (SCCAg) in 16 men with penile SCC (SCC group), in four men with condyloma acuminatum (benign group), and in 32 blood donors (control group). METHODS The SCCAg levels were measured at presentation and every 6 months (upper limit was 2 ng/mL). The mean follow-up time was 4 years. RESULTS All non-SCC patients had normal SSCAg serum levels in contrast with the SCC patients. The presence of nodal and/or distant metastases resulted in statistically significant higher SCCAg levels, both at presentation and during the follow-up. In patients undergoing lymph node dissection with elevated SCCAg levels prior to the procedure, there was a statistically significant decrease of the SCCAg levels after the operation. CONCLUSION The SCCAg level could be a serum marker that holds promise for clinical use in penile SCC. Sequential monitoring of SCCAg level might indicate developing of nodal and/or distant metastases and could be useful in following the response to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stavros Touloupidis
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
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Carter JJ, Madeleine MM, Shera K, Schwartz SM, Cushing-Haugen KL, Wipf GC, Porter P, Daling JR, McDougall JK, Galloway DA. Human papillomavirus 16 and 18 L1 serology compared across anogenital cancer sites. Cancer Res 2001; 61:1934-40. [PMID: 11280749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA has been detected in the great majority of cancers of the uterine cervix and anus, whereas the association of HPV DNA with cancer at other anogenital sites has produced less consistent results. This study was designed to compare HPV exposure among anogenital cancer cases and matched controls. Cases (1782) of anogenital cancer diagnosed in the Seattle area from 1978 to 1998 were identified and interviewed. Their responses were compared with those of 2383 age- and sex-matched controls. Blood was drawn at interview from both cases and controls and tested for antibodies to HPV-16 and HPV-18. Tissue blocks were tested for HPV DNA for 649 cases. Serum antibodies to HPV-16 were associated with in situ and invasive cancer at all sites among men and women with the exception of in situ penile cancer. Anti-HPV-18 antibodies were associated with cancers at all sites among women. The increased risk of cancer associated with HPV-16 seropositivity ranged from odds ratio = 1.8 (95% confidence interval, 1.4-2.5) for adenocarcinoma of the cervix to odds ratio = 5.9 (95% confidence interval, 3.4-10.3) for anal cancer in men. Associations between seroprevalence and cancers were stronger when analyses were restricted to HPV-16- or HPV-18 DNA-positive cases. HPV DNA was detected in >80% of cancers from all sites tested. HPV-16 DNA was the type most frequently detected at all sites (range, 40.9-82.2%). HPV-18 DNA was detected in 44.7% of adenocarcinomas of the cervix but detected much less often (2.6-18.1%) at other sites. These findings support an important role for HPV infection in anogenital cancer at all sites. Differences in the proportion of seropositives among HPV-16 DNA-positive cases by site suggest either that the immune response varies by site or that cancer development may lead to changes in antibody responses in a site-specific fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Carter
- Program in Cancer Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington 98109-1024, USA
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Sciarra A, D'Eramo G, Casale P, Di Nicola S, Di Chiro C, De Santis C, Loreto A, Di Silverio F. Penile metastasis from carcinoma of the prostate in a patient with high serum prostate specific antigen levels. MINERVA UROL NEFROL 1999; 51:157-8. [PMID: 10638179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Prostatic carcinoma metastasizing to the penis is rare. Prognosis is poor with survival ranging from 1 to 24 months. A patient with prostate cancer and a serum Prostate Specific Antigen (PSA) level over 200 ng/ml, submitted to radical retropubic prostatectomy (RRP) and after 2 months presenting with two painful nodules in the penis, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sciarra
- Department of Urology U. Bracci, University La Sapienza, Rome
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Dorfinger K, Maier U, Base W. Parathyroid hormone related protein and carcinoma of the penis: paraneoplastic hypercalcemia. J Urol 1999; 161:1570. [PMID: 10210405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Dorfinger
- Department of Urology, University of Vienna, Danube Hospital of the City of Vienna, Austria
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Popov AI, Gonchar MA. [Characteristics of hemostasis in patients with penile neoplasms]. Urol Nefrol (Mosk) 1984:56-57. [PMID: 6702018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
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Abstract
A fifty-three-year-old man with epidermoid carcinoma of the penis metastatic to the right inguinal lymph nodes and adjacent areas was found to have persistent hypercalcemia. Associated with this biochemical abnormality was an elevated parathormone activity in the absence of any bony metastases. Other than a transient response to furosemide-inducded diuresis he was refractory to treatment with oral inorganic phosphates and mithramycin. Ablation of the primary tumor did not affect his hypercalcemia. However, when therapy using external irradiation and parenteral bleomycin was directed to the metastases, his serum calcium stabilized and became normal and remained so until further progression of his humor. We postulate that the penile cancer metastases were elaborating parathyroid hormone-like substances responsible for the hypercalcemia and suppression of normal parathyroid activity.
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