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Prajapati M, Quenneville CB, Zhang JZ, Chong GS, Chiu L, Ma B, Ward LD, Tu HC, Bartnikas TB. AAV-mediated hepatic expression of SLC30A10 and the Thr95Ile variant attenuates manganese excess and other phenotypes in Slc30a10-deficient mice. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105732. [PMID: 38336290 PMCID: PMC10933546 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The manganese (Mn) export protein SLC30A10 is essential for Mn excretion via the liver and intestines. Patients with SLC30A10 deficiency develop Mn excess, dystonia, liver disease, and polycythemia. Recent genome-wide association studies revealed a link between the SLC30A10 variant T95I and markers of liver disease. The in vivo relevance of this variant has yet to be investigated. Using in vitro and in vivo models, we explore the impact of the T95I variant on SLC30A10 function. While SLC30A10 I95 expressed at lower levels than T95 in transfected cell lines, both T95 and I95 variants protected cells similarly from Mn-induced toxicity. Adeno-associated virus 8-mediated expression of T95 or I95 SLC30A10 using the liver-specific thyroxine binding globulin promoter normalized liver Mn levels in mice with hepatocyte Slc30a10 deficiency. Furthermore, Adeno-associated virus-mediated expression of T95 or I95 SLC30A10 normalized red blood cell parameters and body weights and attenuated Mn levels and differential gene expression in livers and brains of mice with whole body Slc30a10 deficiency. While our in vivo data do not indicate that the T95I variant significantly compromises SLC30A10 function, it does reinforce the notion that the liver is a key site of SLC30A10 function. It also supports the idea that restoration of hepatic SLC30A10 expression is sufficient to attenuate phenotypes in SLC30A10 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milankumar Prajapati
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | - Jared Z Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Grace S Chong
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Lauren Chiu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | - Bangyi Ma
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Lucas D Ward
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Ho-Chou Tu
- Alnylam Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.
| | - Thomas B Bartnikas
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA.
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Heo J, Kim SM, Ryu HJ, Park H, Kim TH, Chung JH, Park HD, Kim SW. Identification of Mutations in the Thyroxine-Binding Globulin (TBG) Gene in Patients with TBG Deficiency in Korea. Endocrinol Metab (Seoul) 2022; 37:870-878. [PMID: 36475360 PMCID: PMC9816506 DOI: 10.3803/enm.2022.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND Thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) is a major transporter protein for thyroid hormones. The serpin family A member 7 (SERPINA7) gene codes for TBG, and mutations of the SERPINA7 gene result in TBG deficiency. Although more than 40 mutations have been reported in several countries, only a few studies of TBG deficiency and SERPINA7 gene mutation have been performed in Korea. The aim of this study is to review the clinical presentations and laboratory findings of patients with TBG deficiency and to investigate the types of SERPINA7 gene mutation. METHODS Five unrelated Korean adults with TBG deficiency attending endocrinology clinic underwent SERPINA7 gene sequencing. Four patients harbored a SERPINA7 gene mutation. Serum thyroid hormones, anti-microsomal antibodies, and TBG were measured. Genomic DNA was extracted from whole blood. All exons and intron-exon boundaries of the TBG gene were amplified and sequencing was performed. RESULTS Two patients were heterozygous females, and the other two were hemizygous males. One heterozygous female had coexisting hypothyroidism. The other heterozygous female was erroneously prescribed levothyroxine at a local clinic. One hemizygous male harbored a novel mutation, p.Phe269Cysfs*18, which caused TBG partial deficiency. Three patients had the p.Leu372Phefs*23 mutation, which is known as TBG-complete deficiency Japan (TBG-CDJ) and was also presented in previous mutation analyses in Korea. CONCLUSION This study presents four patients diagnosed with TBG deficiency and provides the results of SERPINA7 gene sequencing. One novel mutation, p.Phe269Cysfs*18, causing TBD-partial deficiency and three cases of TBG-CDJ were demonstrated. It is necessary to identify TBG deficiency to prevent improper treatment. Also, sequencing of the SERPINA7 gene would provide valuable information about the TBG variants in Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Heo
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Mi Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Jin Ryu
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyunju Park
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Tae Hyuk Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Hoon Chung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung-Doo Park
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun Wook Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding author: Sun Wook Kim. Department of Medicine, Thyroid Center, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul 06351, Korea Tel: +82-2-3410-1653, Fax: +82-2-6918-4653 E-mail:
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Piechnik M, Amendum PC, Sawamoto K, Stapleton M, Khan S, Fnu N, Álvarez V, Pachon AMH, Danos O, Bruder JT, Karumuthil-Melethil S, Tomatsu S. Sex Difference Leads to Differential Gene Expression Patterns and Therapeutic Efficacy in Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA Murine Model Receiving AAV8 Gene Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012693. [PMID: 36293546 PMCID: PMC9604118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-based therapies can effectively correct some disease pathology in murine models with mucopolysaccharidoses. However, immunogenicity can limit therapeutic effect as immune responses target capsid proteins, transduced cells, and gene therapy products, ultimately resulting in loss of enzyme activity. Inherent differences in male versus female immune response can significantly impact AAV gene transfer. We aim to investigate sex differences in the immune response to AAV gene therapies in mice with mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA). MPS IVA mice, treated with different AAV vectors expressing human N-acetylgalactosamine 6-sulfate sulfatase (GALNS), demonstrated a more robust antibody response in female mice resulting in subsequent decreased GALNS enzyme activity and less therapeutic efficacy in tissue pathology relative to male mice. Under thyroxine-binding globulin promoter, neutralizing antibody titers in female mice were approximately 4.6-fold higher than in male mice, with GALNS enzyme activity levels approximately 6.8-fold lower. Overall, male mice treated with AAV-based gene therapy showed pathological improvement in the femur and tibial growth plates, ligaments, and articular cartilage as determined by contrasting differences in pathology scores compared to females. Cardiac histology revealed a failure to normalize vacuolation in females, in contrast, to complete correction in male mice. These findings promote the need for further determination of sex-based differences in response to AAV-mediated gene therapy related to developing treatments for MPS IVA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Piechnik
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Paige C. Amendum
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Kazuki Sawamoto
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Molly Stapleton
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19131, USA
| | - Shaukat Khan
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Nidhi Fnu
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Victor Álvarez
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | | | | | | | - Subha Karumuthil-Melethil
- REGENXBIO Inc., Rockville, MD 20850, USA
- Correspondence: (S.K.-M.); or (S.T.); Tel.: +1-240-552-8584 (S.K.-M.); +1-302-298-7336 (S.T.); Fax: +1-302-651-6888 (S.T.)
| | - Shunji Tomatsu
- Nemours/Alfred I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Shimane University, Izumo 693-8501, Shimane, Japan
- Correspondence: (S.K.-M.); or (S.T.); Tel.: +1-240-552-8584 (S.K.-M.); +1-302-298-7336 (S.T.); Fax: +1-302-651-6888 (S.T.)
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Gawandi S, Jothivel K, Kulkarni S. Identification of a novel mutation in thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) gene associated with TBG-deficiency and its effect on the thyroid function. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:731-739. [PMID: 34761328 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-021-01697-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study presents a case of familial transmission of thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) deficiency. The SERPINA7-gene which codes for TBG is located on the X-chromosome (Xq21-22). More than 45 mutations have been reported to cause TBG- deficiency from various countries, but none from India so far. Genetic analysis of SERPINA7 gene was carried out to determine the cause of low TBG levels in one family. METHODS DNA samples of the propositus and the family members were subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) followed by direct sequencing. Allele-specific PCR and Next-gen sequencing (NGS) were employed to confirm the site of the mutation. Thyroid function tests were estimated by Radioimmunoassay (RIA) and Immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) kits. X-chromosomal inactivation status was analyzed in the female members harboring the mutation. RESULTS A mutational screening in this family revealed a novel frame-shift mutation S353Q, 354fs3X in the exon 4 of the SERPINA7 gene which will be referred to as TBG-complete deficiency-India (TBG-CD-Ind). One out of four female family members harboring the mutation showed selective X-chromosomal inactivation. The affected family members were clinically euthyroid initially, showed changes in the thyroid function when tested after a long time span. However, the changes in the thyroid function in the affected family members had an autoimmune etiology. CONCLUSION This study presents the first report of TBG-CD from India wherein a novel frameshift mutation referred to as TBG-CD-Ind (S353Q, 354fs3X) in the SERPINA7 gene was detected. No apparent association was identified between thyroid function and the TBG-mutation in the affected subjects. A detailed biochemical and genomic testing to determine the exact cause of discordant TFT in the patients would certainly aid in the unequivocal diagnosis of the thyroid function and for the precise individualized treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Gawandi
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, TMH Annexe Building, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - K Jothivel
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, TMH Annexe Building, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India
| | - S Kulkarni
- Radiation Medicine Centre, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, TMH Annexe Building, Parel, Mumbai, 400012, India.
- Homi Bhabha National Institute , Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India.
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Nolan J, Campbell PJ, Brown SJ, Zhu G, Gordon S, Lim EM, Joseph J, Cross SM, Panicker V, Medland SE, Melton PE, Beilin LJ, Mori TA, Mullin BH, Pennell CE, Wang CA, Dudbridge F, Walsh JP, Martin NG, Wilson SG. Genome-wide analysis of thyroid function in Australian adolescents highlights SERPINA7 and NCOA3. Eur J Endocrinol 2021; 185:743-753. [PMID: 34524976 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-0614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic factors underpin the narrow intraindividual variability of thyroid function, although precise contributions of environmental vs genetic factors remain uncertain. We sought to clarify the heritability of thyroid function traits and thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPOAb) positivity and identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) contributing to the trait variance. METHODS Heritability of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), free T4 (fT4), free T3 (fT3) and TPOAb in a cohort of 2854 euthyroid, dizygous and monozygous twins (age range 11.9-16.9 years) from the Brisbane Longitudinal Twin Study (BLTS) was assessed using structural equation modelling. A genome-wide analysis was conducted on 2832 of these individuals across 7 522 526 SNPs as well as gene-based association analyses. Replication analysis of the association results was performed in the Raine Study (n = 1115) followed by meta-analysis to maximise power for discovery. RESULTS Heritability of thyroid function parameters in the BLTS was 70.8% (95% CI: 66.7-74.9%) for TSH, 67.5% (59.8-75.3%) for fT4, 59.7% (54.4-65.0%) for fT3 and 48.8% (40.6-56.9%) for TPOAb. The genome-wide association study (GWAS) in the discovery cohort identified a novel association between rs2026401 upstream of NCOA3 and TPOAb. GWAS meta-analysis found associations between TPOAb and rs445219, also near NCOA3, and fT3 and rs12687280 near SERPINA7. Gene-based association analysis highlighted SERPINA7 for fT3 and NPAS3 for fT4. CONCLUSION Our findings resolve former contention regarding heritability estimates of thyroid function traits and TPOAb positivity. GWAS and gene-based association analysis identified variants accounting for a component of this heritability.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Nolan
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Purdey J Campbell
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Suzanne J Brown
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gu Zhu
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ee Mun Lim
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - John Joseph
- Pathwest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Simone M Cross
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Vijay Panicker
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Phillip E Melton
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Lawrence J Beilin
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Trevor A Mori
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Benjamin H Mullin
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Craig E Pennell
- School of Medical and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Carol A Wang
- School of Medical and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Frank Dudbridge
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - John P Walsh
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Scott G Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology & Diabetes, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Twin Research & Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, UK
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Cao L, Lou X, Zhou L, Wu Y. The decrease of T3 / T4 is not hypothyroidism - a new mutation of Serpina7 gene results in partial thyroglobulin deficiency. Pharmazie 2021; 76:428-430. [PMID: 34481533 DOI: 10.1691/ph.2021.1559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To explore an unusual cause of the decrease of T3/T4 through a new mutation of TBG gene in a family, so as to avoid habitual thinking and reduce subsequent over treatment. TSH, free total T4, T3 and free T4, T3 were determined by automatic chemiluminescence immunoassay. The TBG mutation was identified by direct DNA sequencing. A frameshift mutation of p. l372ffs * 32 was found in the TBG gene (c.1114delc) of the patient by direct DNA sequencing, and the proband of the family was heterozygous. In vitro expression showed that the affinity of TBG for T4 decreased. Further examination of the family members showed that T3 and T4 were decreased, while FT3, FT4 and TSH were normal. If the patients with low TT4 and TT3 but normal TSH are found, the serum TBG level and related genes should be detected to determine whether it is TBG deficiency and avoid wrong treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Cao
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongyang People's Hospital, Dongyang, China;,
| | - Xiaojia Lou
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongyang People's Hospital, Dongyang, China
| | - Lili Zhou
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongyang People's Hospital, Dongyang, China
| | - Yuedan Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, Dongyang People's Hospital, Dongyang, China
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Chen LD, Lu HJ, Gan YL, Pang SW, Zheng Q, Ye DM, Huang XY, Qi HN, Xu WB, Wen XZ, Li LH, Li L. Partial thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency in a family with coding region mutations in the TBG gene. J Endocrinol Invest 2020; 43:1703-1710. [PMID: 32266677 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01245-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE T4-binding globulin (TBG) is the main thyroid hormone (TH) transporter present in human serum. Inherited thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) deficiency is caused by mutations in the TBG (SERPINA7) gene, which is located on the X chromosome. This study was performed to report and evaluate coding region mutations in TBG gene for partial thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency. METHODS A pedigree spanning four generations is described in this study. The proband is a female with partial TBG deficiency. All members of this pedigree underwent thyroid function tests, while Sanger sequencing was used to identify the TBG gene mutations. Bioinformatics databases were used to evaluate the deleterious effects of the mutation(s). Two hundred and seven unrelated individuals were used to evaluate the thyroid function of individuals with different TBG mutations. A one-way ANOVA was used to analyze the impact of the TBG mutations on thyroid function. RESULTS TBG gene sequencing results revealed that the proband had a novel mutation in codon 27 leading to alanine to valine substitution (p.A27V). This mutation was associated with lower serum T4 levels (p < 0.0001) when compared to the groups that did not carry the mutation. The previously reported p.L283F mutation was also found in the proband. The hemizygous p.L283F individuals presenting with lower T4 serum and TBG levels (p < 0.001) when compared to wildtype males and females. Both mutations were deleterious upon SIFT and PolyPhen-2 evaluation. CONCLUSION Associated with partial thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency, this study reports a novel p.A27V mutation in the TBG gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- L-D Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - H-J Lu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shatai Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - Y-L Gan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - S-W Pang
- Zhengzhou Yihe Hospital, Zhengzhou, 450000, Henan, China
| | - Q Zheng
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shatai Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - D-M Ye
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shatai Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - X-Y Huang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China
| | - H-N Qi
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shatai Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - W-B Xu
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shatai Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - X-Z Wen
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shatai Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China
| | - L-H Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, General Hospital of Southern Theater Command of PLA, Guangzhou, 510010, Guangdong, China.
| | - L Li
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Shatai Road 1023, Guangzhou, 510515, Guangdong, China.
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Guo LC, Yu S, Wu D, Huang J, Liu T, Xiao J, Huang W, Gao Y, Li X, Zeng W, Rutherford S, Ma W, Zhang Y, Lin L. Disruption of thyroid hormone regulated proteins and gene expression by polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers and new flame retardants in residents of an e-waste region. Environ Pollut 2019; 254:112925. [PMID: 31454572 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.07.093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and new flame retardants (NFRs) are known thyroid hormone (TH) disruptors, but their disrupting mechanisms in humans are not completely understood. In this study, we aimed to explore the disrupting mechanisms of the aforementioned chemicals via examining TH-regulated proteins and gene expression in human serum. Adult participants from an e-waste dismantling (exposed group) and a control region (control group) in South China provided blood samples for the research. Some compounds of PCBs, PBDEs, and NFRs showed strong binding affinity to the thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroglobulin, thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG), gene expression of TH receptor α (TRα) and β, and iodothyronine deiodinase I (ID1). The highly exposed individuals had lower levels of TBG, TSH, and expression of TRα, but higher expression of ID1 than those of the control group. The disruption of TH-regulated proteins and gene expression suggested the exertion of different and, at times, even contradictory effects on TH disruption. However, no statistically significant difference was found in the TH levels between the exposed and the control group, implying that the TH disruption induced by these chemicals depends on the combined influence of multiple mechanisms. Gene expression appears to be an effective approach for investigations of TH disruption and the potential health effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chuan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Shengbing Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - De Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jinxu Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Jianpeng Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weixiong Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Yanhong Gao
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Xing Li
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China; School of Public Health, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Weilin Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | | | - Wenjun Ma
- Guangdong Provincial Institute of Public Health, Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
| | - Yonghui Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China.
| | - Lifeng Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Guangzhou 511430, China
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McLean TR, Rank MM, Smooker PM, Richardson SJ. Evolution of thyroid hormone distributor proteins. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 459:43-52. [PMID: 28249735 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones (THs) are evolutionarily old hormones, having effects on metabolism in bacteria, invertebrates and vertebrates. THs bind specific distributor proteins (THDPs) to ensure their efficient distribution through the blood and cerebrospinal fluid in vertebrates. Albumin is a THDP in the blood of all studied species of vertebrates, so may be the original vertebrate THDP. However, albumin has weak affinity for THs. Transthyretin (TTR) has been identified in the blood across different lineages in adults vs juveniles. TTR has intermediate affinity for THs. Thyroxine-binding globulin has only been identified in mammals and has high affinity for THs. Of these THDPs, TTR is the only one known to be synthesised in the brain and is involved in moving THs from the blood into the cerebrospinal fluid. We analysed the rates of evolution of these three THDPs: TTR has been most highly conserved and albumin has had the highest rate of divergence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas R McLean
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083 Victoria, Australia.
| | - Michelle M Rank
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083 Victoria, Australia.
| | - Peter M Smooker
- School of Science, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083 Victoria, Australia.
| | - Samantha J Richardson
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Bundoora, 3083 Victoria, Australia.
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10
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Janssen ST, Janssen OE. Directional thyroid hormone distribution via the blood stream to target sites. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2017; 458:16-21. [PMID: 28257828 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2017.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid hormones are bound to three major serum transport proteins, thyroxin-binding globulin (TBG), transthyretin (TTR) and human serum albumin (HSA). TBG has the strongest affinity for thyroid hormones, TTR is also found in the cerebrospinal fluid and HSA is the most abundant protein in plasma. Combination defects of either a high affinity TTR or HSA variant do not compensate TBG deficiency, underscoring the dominant role of TBG among the thyroid hormone transport proteins. On the other hand, coexistence of raised affinity TTR and HSA variants causes an augmented hyperthyroxinemia. Variations in thyroid hormone transport proteins may alter thyroid function tests to mimic hypo- or hyperthyroidism. As affected individuals are clinically euthyroid and do not require treatment, identification of thyroid hormone transport protein defects is important to avoid unnecessary diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Mammals share the multilayered system of thyroid hormone binding proteins with humans. Some of them, especially carnivores, do not express TBG. In dogs, this defect has been shown to be caused by a defective hepatocyte nuclear factor-1 binding site in the TBG promoter, preventing TBG synthesis in the liver. The major endogenous thyroid hormone metabolite 3-iodothyronamine (3-T1AM) exerts marked cryogenic, metabolic, cardiac and central nervous system actions. It is bound to apolipoproteinB-100 (ApoB100), possibly facilitating its cellular uptake via interaction with the low density lipoprotein-receptor. This review summarizes the handling of hydrophobic charged thyroid hormone signaling molecules and their metabolite 3-T1AM in aqueous body fluids and the advantages and limits of their serum distributor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne T Janssen
- Institute of Laboratory Medicine, AescuLabor Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Onno E Janssen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endokrinologikum Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany.
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11
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Ou H, Zhang Q, Zeng J. Improving lipoprotein profiles by liver-directed gene transfer of low density lipoprotein receptor gene in hypercholesterolaemia mice. J Genet 2017; 95:311-6. [PMID: 27350674 DOI: 10.1007/s12041-016-0636-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The defect of low density lipoprotein receptor disturbs cholesterol metabolism and causes familial hypercholesterolaemia (FH). In this study, we directly delivered exogenous Ldlr gene into the liver of FH model mice (Ldlr(-/-)) by lentiviral gene transfer system. The results showed that the Ldlr gene controlled by hepatocyte-specific human thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) promoter successfully and exclusively expressed in livers.We found that, although, the content of high density lipoprotein in serum was not significantly affected by the Ldlr gene expression, the serum low density lipoprotein level was reduced by 46%, associated with a 30% and 28% decrease in triglyceride and total cholesterol, respectively, compared to uninjected Ldlr(-/-) mice. Moreover, the TBG directed expression of Ldlr significantly decreased the lipid accumulation in liver and reduced plaque burden in aorta (32%). Our results indicated that the hepatocyte-specific expression of Ldlr gene strikingly lowered serum lipid levels and resulted in amelioration of hypercholesterolaemia.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta/metabolism
- Aorta/pathology
- Cholesterol, HDL/blood
- Cholesterol, LDL/blood
- Disease Models, Animal
- Gene Expression
- Genetic Therapy/methods
- Genetic Vectors/chemistry
- Genetic Vectors/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/metabolism
- Hepatocytes/pathology
- Humans
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/genetics
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/metabolism
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/pathology
- Hyperlipoproteinemia Type II/therapy
- Lentivirus/genetics
- Lentivirus/metabolism
- Liver/metabolism
- Liver/pathology
- Mice
- Mice, Transgenic
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/genetics
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/pathology
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic/therapy
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Thyroxine-Binding Globulin/genetics
- Thyroxine-Binding Globulin/metabolism
- Transfection
- Transgenes
- Triglycerides/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailong Ou
- 1Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, People's Republic of
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12
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Hui-Yuen JS, Christiano AM, Askanase AD. Sex differences in genomics in lupus: girls with systemic lupus have high interferon gene expression while boys have high levels of tumour necrosis factor-related gene expression. Scand J Rheumatol 2016; 45:394-6. [PMID: 26885894 PMCID: PMC7920409 DOI: 10.3109/03009742.2015.1132760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic disease occurring up to 15 times more frequently in females than males. This bias extends to possible differences in disease flares and response to therapy. This study was initiated to investigate the differences between girls and boys with childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) at the molecular level. METHOD We analysed the Gene Expression Omnibus National Center for Biotechnology Information (GEO NCBI) microarray data available for 88 girls and 16 boys with treatment-naïve cSLE and compared the results to those from healthy controls. Transcriptional profiles were generated using the platforms of Affymetrix U133A and U133B gene chips and Bioconductor/R programming packages were used to process and compare the data. RESULTS Girls with cSLE overexpressed an interferon (IFN)-α signature that was absent in boys. Boys with cSLE were observed to overexpress tumour necrosis factor-related genes that were absent in girls. Both boys and girls were observed to overexpress several genes related to granulopoeisis. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest a potential application of genomics to differentially predict response to therapy between females and males with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce S Hui-Yuen
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Hospital
| | - Angela M Christiano
- Departments of Dermatology, Molecular Genetics and Molecular Biology, Columbia University Medical Center
| | - Anca D Askanase
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, Cohen Children’s Medical Center, North Shore-Long Island Jewish Hospital
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13
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Ferrara AM, Pappa T, Fu J, Brown CD, Peterson A, Moeller LC, Wyne K, White KP, Pluzhnikov A, Trubetskoy V, Nobrega M, Weiss RE, Dumitrescu AM, Refetoff S. A novel mechanism of inherited TBG deficiency: mutation in a liver-specific enhancer. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2015; 100:E173-81. [PMID: 25361180 PMCID: PMC4283011 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2014-3490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT T4-binding globulin (TBG), a protein secreted by the liver, is the main thyroid hormone (TH) transporter in human serum. TBG deficiency is characterized by reduced serum TH levels, but normal free TH and TSH and absent clinical manifestations. The inherited form of TBG deficiency is usually due to a mutation in the TBG gene located on the X-chromosome. OBJECTIVE Among the 75 families with X-chromosome-linked TBG deficiency identified in our laboratory, no mutations in the TBG gene were found in four families. The aim of the study was to identify the mechanism of TBG deficiency in these four families using biochemical and genetic studies. DESIGN Observational cohort, prospective. SETTING University research center. PATIENTS Four families with inherited TBG deficiency and no mutations in the TBG gene. INTERVENTION Clinical evaluation, thyroid function tests, and targeted resequencing of 1 Mb of the X-chromosome. RESULTS Next-generation sequencing identified a novel G to A variant 20 kb downstream of the TBG gene in all four families. In silico analysis predicted that the variant resides within a liver-specific enhancer. In vitro studies confirmed the enhancer activity of a 2.2-kb fragment of genomic DNA containing the novel variant and showed that the mutation reduces the activity of this enhancer. The affected subjects share a haplotype of 8 Mb surrounding the mutation, and the most recent common ancestor among the four families was estimated to be 19.5 generations ago (95% confidence intervals, 10.4-37). CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, the present study is the first report of an inherited endocrine disorder caused by a mutation in an enhancer region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Massimiliano Ferrara
- Departments of Medicine (A.M.F., T.P., J.F., A.P., V.T., R.E.W., A.M.D., S.R.), Pediatrics (R.E.W., S.R.), and Human Genetics (C.D.B., A.P., K.P.W., M.N.), and Committee on Genetics (S.R.), The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases (L.C.M.), University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen 45147, Germany; and Department of Medicine (K.W.), Weill Cornell Medical College, The Methodist Hospital, Houston, Texas 77030
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14
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Sklate RT, Olcese MC, Maccallini GC, Sarmiento RG, Targovnik HM, Rivolta CM. Novel mutation p.A64D in the Serpina7 gene as a cause of partial thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency associated with increases affinity in transthyretin by a known p.A109T mutation in the TTR gene. Horm Metab Res 2014; 46:100-8. [PMID: 24356794 DOI: 10.1055/s-0033-1358741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Partial thyroxine-binding globulin deficiency (TBG-PD) is an endocrine defect with a prevalence of 1:4 000 in newborns. Due to the presence of a single TBG gene on the X chromosome, most familial TBG defects follow an X-linked inheritance pattern. Abnormal T4 binding to T4-binding prealbumin (TTR) is a rare cause of euthyroid hyperthyroxinemia, which is transmitted by autosomal dominant inheritance. The purpose of the present study was to identify and characterize new mutations in the Serpina7 and TTR genes in a complete family with typical TBG-PD. All patients underwent clinical and biochemical evaluation. Sequencing of DNA, population screening by (SSCP) analysis, and bioinformatics studies were performed. Molecular studies revealed a novel p.A64D mutation in the exon 1 of Serpina7 gene associated with the previously reported p.A109T mutation in the exon 4 of TTR gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a patient with a TBG-PD by a mutation in Serpina7 that was coincident with a mutation in TTR gene that increased affinity of TTR for T4. This work contributes to elucidate the molecular basis of the defects of thyroid hormone transport in serum and the improvement of the diagnosis avoiding unnecessary therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T Sklate
- Servicio de Endocrinología, Departamento de Medicina, Hospital General de Agudos "Dr. Enrique Tornú", C1427ARN Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M C Olcese
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM, CONICET-UBA), Hospital de Clínicas "José de San -Martín", C1120AAR Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G C Maccallini
- División Laboratorio, Hospital General de Agudos "Dr. Carlos G. Durand", C1405DCS Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R G Sarmiento
- Unidad de Medicina Molecular-Departamento de Medicina, IBMCC and IBSAL. Universidad de Salamanca-CSIC, Salamanca, España
| | - H M Targovnik
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM, CONICET-UBA), Hospital de Clínicas "José de San -Martín", C1120AAR Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C M Rivolta
- Laboratorio de Genética y Biología Molecular, Instituto de Inmunología, Genética y Metabolismo (INIGEM, CONICET-UBA), Hospital de Clínicas "José de San -Martín", C1120AAR Buenos Aires, Argentina
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15
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Akturk M, Oruc AS, Danisman N, Erkek S, Buyukkagnici U, Unlu E, Tazebay UH. Na+/I- symporter and type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase gene expression in amniotic membrane and placenta and its relationship to maternal thyroid hormones. Biol Trace Elem Res 2013; 154:338-44. [PMID: 23857380 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-013-9748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Placental type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) potentially protects the fetus from the elevated maternal thyroid hormones. Na(+)/I(-) symporter (NIS) is a plasma membrane glycoprotein, which mediates active iodide uptake. Our objectives were to establish the distribution of NIS and D3 gene expressions in the placenta and the amniotic membrane and to investigate the relationship between placental D3 and NIS gene expressions and maternal iodine, selenium, and thyroid hormone status. Thyroid hormones, urinary iodine concentration (UIC), and selenium levels were measured in 49 healthy term pregnant women. NIS and D3 gene expressions were studied with the total mRNA RT-PCR method in tissues from maternal placenta (n = 49), fetal placenta (n = 9), and amniotic membrane (n = 9). NIS and D3 gene expressions were shown in the fetal and maternal sides of the placenta and amniotic membrane. Mean blood selenium level was 66 ± 26.5 μg/l, and median UIC was 143 μg/l. We could not demonstrate any statistically significant relationship of spot UIC and blood selenium with NIS and D3 expression (p > 0.05). Positive correlations were found between NIS and thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) (r = 0.3, p = 0.042) and between D3 and preoperative glucose levels (r = 0.4, p = 0.006). D3 and NIS genes are expressed in term placenta and amniotic membrane; thus, in addition to placenta, amniotic membrane contributes to regulation of maternofetal iodine and thyroid hormone transmission. Further studies are needed to clarify the relationship between maternal glucose levels and placental D3 expression and between TBG and placental NIS expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujde Akturk
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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16
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Ferrara AM, Cakir M, Henry PH, Refetoff S. Coexistence of THRB and TBG gene mutations in a Turkish family. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 98:E1148-51. [PMID: 23633200 PMCID: PMC3667268 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2013-1413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Resistance to thyroid hormone is a syndrome characterized by high serum free T4 levels and unsuppressed serum TSH concentration. Thyroxine-binding globulin complete deficiency manifests with low serum total T4 and T3 levels and normal serum TSH concentration. Our objective is to describe a family with the coexistence of resistance to thyroid hormone and thyroxine-binding globulin complete deficiency. METHODS We conducted clinical studies and genetic analyses. RESULTS The proband presented with mental retardation, hearing loss, and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections accompanied by high serum levels of TSH, T3, T4, and high thyroglobulin antibody titers. His elder sister presented with normal TSH and T3 and high serum T4 levels. Both patients were found to be heterozygous for the mutation P453A in the thyroid hormone receptor beta (THRB) gene. One of the proband's brothers had low serum total T3 and T4 and normal TSH concentrations, without any clinical manifestations. He was hemizygous for the mutation P50fs51X in the TBG gene. The proband's mother showed slightly elevated TSH, normal total T3 and T4, and elevated titers of thyroperoxidase antibodies and thyroglobulin antibodies. She was heterozygous for both THRB and TBG genes mutations. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first report of the coexistence of THRB and TBG gene mutations in the same individual (mother of the proband), whereas other affected family members had only 1 of the 2 genes mutated. The case illustrates the difficulty that might be encountered in the interpretation of thyroid function tests when different genetic defects affecting thyroid function coexist.
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Wang L, Wang H, Morizono H, Bell P, Jones D, Lin J, McMenamin D, Yu H, Batshaw ML, Wilson JM. Sustained correction of OTC deficiency in spf( ash) mice using optimized self-complementary AAV2/8 vectors. Gene Ther 2012; 19:404-10. [PMID: 21850052 PMCID: PMC3321078 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2011.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ornithine transcarbamylase deficiency (OTCD) is the most common inborn error of urea synthesis. Complete OTCD can result in hyperammonemic coma in the neonatal period, which can rapidly become fatal. Current acute therapy involves dialysis; chronic therapy involves the stimulation of alternate nitrogen clearance pathways; and the only curative approach is liver transplantation. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) vector-based gene therapy would add to current treatment options provided the vector delivers high level and stable transgene expression in liver without dose-limiting toxicity. In this study, we employed an AAV2/8-based self-complementary (sc) vector expressing the murine OTC (mOTC) gene under a liver-specific thyroxine-binding globulin promoter and examined the therapeutic effects in a mouse model of OTCD, the spf (ash) mouse. Seven days after a single intravenous injection of vector, treated mice showed complete normalization of urinary orotic acid, a measure of OTC activity. We further improved vector efficacy by incorporating a Kozak or Kozak-like sequence into mOTC complementary DNA, which increased the OTC activity by five or twofold and achieved sustained correction of orotic aciduria for up to 7 months. Our results demonstrate that vector optimizations can significantly improve the efficacy of gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Huan Wang
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
- Vaccine Research Institute, Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hiroki Morizono
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Children’s Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Peter Bell
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - David Jones
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Children’s Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Jianping Lin
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Deirdre McMenamin
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Hongwei Yu
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Mark L. Batshaw
- Center for Genetic Medicine Research, Children’s National Medical Center, Children’s Research Institute, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - James M. Wilson
- Gene Therapy Program, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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