1
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Yang J, Friedman R. Synergy and antagonism between azacitidine and FLT3 inhibitors. Comput Biol Med 2024; 169:107889. [PMID: 38199214 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2023.107889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Synergetic interactions between drugs can make a drug combination more effective. Alternatively, they may allow to use lower concentrations and thus avoid toxicities or side effects that not only cause discomfort but might also reduce the overall survival. Here, we studied whether synergy exists between agents that are used for treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Azacitidine is a demethylation agent that is used in the treatment of AML patients that are unfit for aggressive chemotherapy. An activating mutation in the FLT3 gene is common in AML patients and in the absence of specific treatment makes prognosis worse. FLT3 inhibitors may be used in such cases. We sought to determine whether combination of azacitidine with a FLT3 inhibitor (gilteritinib, quizartinib, LT-850-166, FN-1501 or FF-10101) displayed synergy or antagonism. To this end, we calculated dose-response matrices of these drug combinations from experiments in human AML cells and subsequently analysed the data using a novel consensus scoring algorithm. The results show that combinations that involved non-covalent FLT3 inhibitors, including the two clinically approved drugs gilteritinib and quizartinib were antagonistic. On the other hand combinations with the covalent inhibitor FF-10101 had some range of concentrations where synergy was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingmei Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, SE-39231, Sweden
| | - Ran Friedman
- Department of Chemistry and Biomedical Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, SE-39231, Sweden.
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2
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Sung PJ, Selvam M, Riedel SS, Xie HM, Bryant K, Manning B, Wertheim GB, Kulej K, Pham L, Bowman RL, Peresie J, Nemeth MJ, Levine RL, Garcia BA, Meyer SE, Sidoli S, Bernt KM, Carroll M. FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibition modulates PRC2 and promotes differentiation in acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2024; 38:291-301. [PMID: 38182819 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02131-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication mutations in fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3-ITD) are recurrent in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and increase the risk of relapse. Clinical responses to FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i) include myeloid differentiation of the FLT3-ITD clone in nearly half of patients through an unknown mechanism. We identified enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2), a component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2), as a mediator of this effect using a proteomic-based screen. FLT3i downregulated EZH2 protein expression and PRC2 activity on H3K27me3. FLT3-ITD and loss-of-function mutations in EZH2 are mutually exclusive in human AML. We demonstrated that FLT3i increase myeloid maturation with reduced stem/progenitor cell populations in murine Flt3-ITD AML. Combining EZH1/2 inhibitors with FLT3i increased terminal maturation of leukemic cells and reduced leukemic burden. Our data suggest that reduced EZH2 activity following FLT3 inhibition promotes myeloid differentiation of FLT3-ITD leukemic cells, providing a mechanistic explanation for the clinical observations. These results demonstrate that in addition to its known cell survival and proliferation signaling, FLT3-ITD has a second, previously undefined function to maintain a myeloid stem/progenitor cell state through modulation of PRC2 activity. Our findings support exploring EZH1/2 inhibitors as therapy for FLT3-ITD AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela J Sung
- Department of Medicine - Leukemia, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Murugan Selvam
- Department of Medicine - Leukemia, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Simone S Riedel
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Hongbo M Xie
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katie Bryant
- Department of Medicine - Leukemia, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Bryan Manning
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Gerald B Wertheim
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Katarzyna Kulej
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lucie Pham
- Department of Medicine - Leukemia, Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert L Bowman
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer Peresie
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Michael J Nemeth
- Department of Immunology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Ross L Levine
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Benjamin A Garcia
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sara E Meyer
- Department of Pharmacology, Physiology, and Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Simone Sidoli
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kathrin M Bernt
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Department of Pediatrics, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine and Abramson Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Martin Carroll
- Department of Medicine, Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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3
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Yu S, Zhang Y, Yu G, Wang Y, Shao R, Du X, Xu N, Lin D, Zhao W, Zhang X, Xiao J, Sun Z, Deng L, Liang X, Zhang H, Guo Z, Dai M, Shi P, Huang F, Fan Z, Liu Q, Lin R, Jiang X, Xuan L, Liu Q, Jin H. Sorafenib plus triplet therapy with venetoclax, azacitidine and homoharringtonine for refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia with FLT3-ITD: A multicenter phase 2 study. J Intern Med 2024; 295:216-228. [PMID: 37899297 DOI: 10.1111/joim.13738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with relapsed or refractory acute myeloid leukemia (R/R AML) and FLT3-internal tandem duplication (FLT3-ITD) respond infrequently to salvage chemotherapy. OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of sorafenib plus triplet therapy with venetoclax, azacitidine, and homoharringtonine (VAH) as a salvage therapy in this population. METHODS This multicenter, single-arm, phase 2 study was conducted at 12 hospitals across China. Eligible patients had R/R AML with FLT3-ITD (aged 18-65 years) who were treated with VAH. The primary endpoint was composite complete remission (CRc) after two cycles. Secondary outcomes included the overall response rate (ORR), safety, and survival. RESULTS Between July 9, 2020, and March 19, 2022, 58 patients were assessed for eligibility, 51 of whom were enrolled. The median patient age was 47 years (interquartile range [IQR] 31-57). CRc was 76.5% with ORR of 82.4%. At a median follow-up of 17.7 months (IQR, 8.7-24.7), the median duration of CRc was not reached (NR), overall survival was 18.1 months (95% confidence interval [CI], 11.8-NR) and event-free survival was 11.4 months (95% CI, 5.6-NR). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events occurring in ≥10% of patients included neutropenia in 47 (92.2%), thrombocytopenia in 41 (80.4%), anemia in 35 (68.6%), febrile neutropenia in 29 (56.9%), pneumonia in 13 (25.5%), and sepsis in 6 (11.8%) patients. Treatment-related death occurred in two (3.9%) patients. CONCLUSIONS The sorafenib plus VAH regimen was well tolerated and highly active against R/R AML with FLT3-ITD. This regimen may be a suitable therapeutic option for this population, but larger population trials are needed to be explored. TRIAL REGISTRATION Clinical Trials Registry: NCT04424147.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sijian Yu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guopan Yu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Peking University Institute of Hematology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ruoyang Shao
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin Du
- Peking Department of Hematology and Shenzhen Bone Marrow Transplantation Public Service Platform, Shenzhen Second People's Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Na Xu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongjun Lin
- Department of Hematology, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Maoming People's Hospital, Maoming, China
| | - Jie Xiao
- Department of Hematology, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Department of Hematology, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lan Deng
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinquan Liang
- Department of Hematology, The First People's Hospital of Chenzhou, Chenzhou, China
| | - Hongyu Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ziwen Guo
- Department of Hematology, Zhongshan City People's Hospital, Zhongshan, China
| | - Min Dai
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengcheng Shi
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Huang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhiping Fan
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiong Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ren Lin
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuejie Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Xuan
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qifa Liu
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Jin
- Department of Hematology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Clinical Medical Research Center of Hematology Diseases of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Akwata D, Kempen AL, Dayal N, Brauer NR, Sintim HO. Identification of a Selective FLT3 Inhibitor with Low Activity against VEGFR, FGFR, PDGFR, c-KIT, and RET Anti-Targets. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300442. [PMID: 37971283 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
FLT3 is mainly expressed in immune and various cancer cells and is a drug target for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Recently, FLT3 has also been identified as a potential target for treating chronic pain. Most FLT3 inhibitors (FLT3i) identified to date, including approved drugs such as gilteritinib, midostaurin, ponatinib, quizartinib, and FLT3i in clinical trials, such as quizartinib and crenolanib, also inhibit closely-related kinases that are important for immune (c-KIT), cardiovascular (KDR/VEGFR2, FGFR, PDGFR) or kidney (RET) functions. While the aforementioned FLT3i may increase survival rates in AML, they are neither ideal for AML maintenance therapy nor for non-oncology applications, such as for the treatment of chronic pain, due to their promiscuous inhibition of many kinase anti-targets. Here, we report the identification of new FLT3i compounds that have low activities against kinases that have traditionally been difficult to differentiate from FLT3 inhibition, such as KDR/VEGFR, FGFR, PGFR, c-KIT, and RET. These selective compounds could be valuable chemical probes for studying FLT3 biology in the context of chronic pain and/or may represent good starting points to develop well-tolerated FLT3 therapeutics for non-oncology indications or for maintenance therapy for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond Akwata
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, IN 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Allison L Kempen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, IN 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Neetu Dayal
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, IN 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Nickolas R Brauer
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, IN 47907, West Lafayette, USA
| | - Herman O Sintim
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, IN 47907, West Lafayette, USA
- Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, 720 Clinic Drive, IN 47907, West Lafayette, USA
- Purdue Institute for Cancer Research, 201 S. University St., IN 47907, West Lafayette, USA
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5
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Islam MR, Osman OI, Hassan WMI. Identifying novel therapeutic inhibitors to target FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) against acute myeloid leukemia: a molecular docking, molecular dynamics, and DFT study. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:82-100. [PMID: 36995071 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2192798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Around 30% of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients have triggering mutations in Feline McDonough Sarcoma (FMS)-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3), which has been suggested as a possible therapeutic candidate for AML therapy. Many tyrosine kinase inhibitors are available and have a wide variety of applications in the treatment of cancer by inhibiting subsequent steps of cell proliferation. Therefore, our study aims to identify effective antileukemic agents against FLT3 gene. Initially, well-known antileukemic drug candidates have been chosen to generate a structure-based pharmacophore model to assist the virtual screening of 217,77,093 compounds from the Zinc database. The final hits compounds were retrieved and evaluated by docking against the target protein, where the top four compounds have been selected for the analysis of ADMET. Based on the density functional theory (DFT), the geometry optimization, frontier molecular orbital (FMO), HOMO-LUMO, and global reactivity descriptor values have been evaluated that confirming a satisfactory profile and reactivity order for the selected candidates. In comparison to control compounds, the docking results revealed that the four compounds had substantial binding energies (-11.1 to -11.5 kcal/mol) with FLT3. The physicochemical and ADMET (adsorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, toxicity) prediction results corresponded to the bioactive and safe candidates. Molecular dynamics (MD) confirmed the better binding affinity and stability compared to gilteritinib as a potential FLT3 inhibitor. In this study, a computational approach has been performed that found a better docking and dynamics score against target proteins, indicating potent and safe antileukemic agents, furthermore in-vivo and in-vitro investigations are recommended.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rashedul Islam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Advanced Biological Invention Centre (Bioinventics), Rajshahi, Bangladesh
| | - Osman I Osman
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Walid M I Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
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6
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Tyagi A, Jaggupilli A, Ly S, Yuan B, El-Dana F, Hegde VL, Anand V, Kumar B, Puppala M, Yin Z, Wong STC, Mollard A, Vankayalapati H, Foulks JM, Warner SL, Daver N, Borthakur G, Battula VL. TP-0184 inhibits FLT3/ACVR1 to overcome FLT3 inhibitor resistance and hinder AML growth synergistically with venetoclax. Leukemia 2024; 38:82-95. [PMID: 38007585 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02086-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
We identified activin A receptor type I (ACVR1), a member of the TGF-β superfamily, as a factor favoring acute myeloid leukemia (AML) growth and a new potential therapeutic target. ACVR1 is overexpressed in FLT3-mutated AML and inhibition of ACVR1 expression sensitized AML cells to FLT3 inhibitors. We developed a novel ACVR1 inhibitor, TP-0184, which selectively caused growth arrest in FLT3-mutated AML cell lines. Molecular docking and in vitro kinase assays revealed that TP-0184 binds to both ACVR1 and FLT3 with high affinity and inhibits FLT3/ACVR1 downstream signaling. Treatment with TP-0184 or in combination with BCL2 inhibitor, venetoclax dramatically inhibited leukemia growth in FLT3-mutated AML cell lines and patient-derived xenograft models in a dose-dependent manner. These findings suggest that ACVR1 is a novel biomarker and plays a role in AML resistance to FLT3 inhibitors and that FLT3/ACVR1 dual inhibitor TP-0184 is a novel potential therapeutic tool for AML with FLT3 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anudishi Tyagi
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Appalaraju Jaggupilli
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stanley Ly
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bin Yuan
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fouad El-Dana
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Venkatesh L Hegde
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vivek Anand
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bijender Kumar
- Department of Stem Cell Transplantation, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mamta Puppala
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Zheng Yin
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Stephen T C Wong
- Department of Systems Medicine and Bioengineering, Houston Methodist Neal Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Alexis Mollard
- University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | - Naval Daver
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Gautam Borthakur
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - V Lokesh Battula
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
- Department of Breast Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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7
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Alshamleh I, Kurrle N, Makowka P, Bhayadia R, Kumar R, Süsser S, Seibert M, Ludig D, Wolf S, Koschade SE, Stoschek K, Kreitz J, Fuhrmann DC, Toenges R, Notaro M, Comoglio F, Schuringa JJ, Berg T, Brüne B, Krause DS, Klusmann JH, Oellerich T, Schnütgen F, Schwalbe H, Serve H. PDP1 is a key metabolic gatekeeper and modulator of drug resistance in FLT3-ITD-positive acute myeloid leukemia. Leukemia 2023; 37:2367-2382. [PMID: 37935978 PMCID: PMC10681906 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-02041-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023]
Abstract
High metabolic flexibility is pivotal for the persistence and therapy resistance of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In 20-30% of AML patients, activating mutations of FLT3, specifically FLT3-ITD, are key therapeutic targets. Here, we investigated the influence of FLT3-ITD on AML metabolism. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) profiling showed enhanced reshuffling of pyruvate towards the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, suggesting an increased activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDC). Consistently, FLT3-ITD-positive cells expressed high levels of PDP1, an activator of the PDC. Combining endogenous tagging of PDP1 with genome-wide CRISPR screens revealed that FLT3-ITD induces PDP1 expression through the RAS signaling axis. PDP1 knockdown resulted in reduced cellular respiration thereby impairing the proliferation of only FLT3-ITD cells. These cells continued to depend on PDP1, even in hypoxic conditions, and unlike FLT3-ITD-negative cells, they exhibited a rapid, PDP1-dependent revival of their respiratory capacity during reoxygenation. Moreover, we show that PDP1 modifies the response to FLT3 inhibition. Upon incubation with the FLT3 tyrosine kinase inhibitor quizartinib (AC220), PDP1 persisted or was upregulated, resulting in a further shift of glucose/pyruvate metabolism towards the TCA cycle. Overexpression of PDP1 enhanced, while PDP1 depletion diminished AC220 resistance in cell lines and peripheral blasts from an AC220-resistant AML patient in vivo. In conclusion, FLT3-ITD assures the expression of PDP1, a pivotal metabolic regulator that enhances oxidative glucose metabolism and drug resistance. Hence, PDP1 emerges as a potentially targetable vulnerability in the management of AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Islam Alshamleh
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Nina Kurrle
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Philipp Makowka
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Raj Bhayadia
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Süsser
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Marcel Seibert
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Damian Ludig
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sebastian Wolf
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Sebastian E Koschade
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Karoline Stoschek
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Johanna Kreitz
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Dominik C Fuhrmann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Rosa Toenges
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | | | - Jan Jacob Schuringa
- Department of Experimental Hematology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Tobias Berg
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research and Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Bernhard Brüne
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Project Group Translational Medicine and Pharmacology TMP, Fraunhofer Institute for Molecular Biology and Applied Ecology, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Daniela S Krause
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, 60596, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Georg-Speyer-Haus; German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan-Henning Klusmann
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
- Department of Pediatrics, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Oellerich
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Frank Schnütgen
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Harald Schwalbe
- Center for Biomolecular Magnetic Resonance (BMRZ), Institute of Organic Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60438, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Hubert Serve
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), partner site Frankfurt/Mainz, and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany.
- Department of Medicine, Hematology/Oncology, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590, Frankfurt, Germany.
- Frankfurt Cancer Institute, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60596, Frankfurt, Germany.
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8
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Long J, Chen X, Shen Y, Lei Y, Mu L, Wang Z, Xiang R, Gao W, Wang L, Wang L, Jiang J, Zhang W, Lu H, Dong Y, Ding Y, Zhu H, Hong D, Sun YE, Hu J, Liang A. A combinatorial therapeutic approach to enhance FLT3-ITD AML treatment. Cell Rep Med 2023; 4:101286. [PMID: 37951217 PMCID: PMC10694671 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrm.2023.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Revised: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/13/2023]
Abstract
Internal tandem duplication mutations of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3-ITDs) occur in 25%-30% of patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and are associated with dismal prognosis. Although FLT3 inhibitors have demonstrated initial clinical efficacy, the overall outcome of patients with FLT3-ITD AML remains poor, highlighting the urgency to develop more effective treatment strategies. In this study, we reveal that FLT3 inhibitors reduced protein stability of the anti-cancer protein p53, resulting in drug resistance. Blocking p53 degradation with proteasome inhibitors restores intracellular p53 protein levels and, in combination with FLT3-ITD inhibitors, shows superior therapeutic effects against FLT3-ITD AML in cells, mouse models, and patients. These data suggest that this combinatorial therapeutic approach may represent a promising strategy to target FLT3-ITD AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Long
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinjie Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Research Center for Experimental Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yichen Lei
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lili Mu
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rufang Xiang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenhui Gao
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Lining Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jieling Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huina Lu
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Honghu Zhu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Dengli Hong
- Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Ministry of Education, Department of Pathophysiology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yi Eve Sun
- Stem Cell Translational Research Center, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jiong Hu
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Aibin Liang
- Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
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9
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Sierra J, Montesinos P, Thomas X, Griskevicius L, Cluzeau T, Caillot D, Legrand O, Minotti C, Luppi M, Farkas F, Bengoudifa BR, Gilotti G, Hodzic S, Rambaldi A, Venditti A. Midostaurin plus daunorubicin or idarubicin for young and older adults with FLT3-mutated AML: a phase 3b trial. Blood Adv 2023; 7:6441-6450. [PMID: 37581981 PMCID: PMC10632658 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2023009847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The pivotal RATIFY study demonstrated midostaurin (50 mg twice daily) with standard chemotherapy significantly reduced mortality in adult patients (<60 years) with newly diagnosed (ND) FLT3mut acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Considering that AML often present in older patients who show poor response to chemotherapy, this open-label, multicenter phase 3b trial was designed to further assess safety and efficacy of midostaurin plus chemotherapy in induction, consolidation, and maintenance monotherapy in young (≤60 years) and older (>60 years) patients with FLT3mut ND-AML. Compared with RATIFY, this study extended midostaurin treatment from 14 days to 21 days, substituted anthracyclines (idarubicin or daunorubicin), and introduced variation in standard combination chemotherapy dosing ("7+3" or "5+2" in more fragile patients). Total 301 patients (47.2% >60 years and 82.7% with FLT3-ITDmut) of median age 59 years entered induction phase. Overall, 295 patients (98.0%) had at least 1 adverse event (AE), including 254 patients (84.4%) with grade ≥3 AE. The grade ≥3 serious AEs occurred in 134 patients. No difference was seen in AE frequency between age groups, but grade ≥3AE frequency was higher in older patients. Overall, complete remission (CR) rate including incomplete hematologic recovery (CR + CRi) (80.7% [95% confidence interval, 75.74-84.98]) was comparable between age groups (≤60 years [83.5%]; >60 to ≤70 years [82.5%]; in patients >70 years [64.1%]) and the type of anthracycline used in induction. CR + CRi rate was lower in males (76.4%) than females (84.4%). Overall, the safety and efficacy of midostaurin remains consistent with previous findings, regardless of age, sex, or induction regimen. The trial is registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT03379727.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Sierra
- Department of Hematology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute. Universitat Autonoma of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Montesinos
- Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- CIBERONC, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Xavier Thomas
- Department of Hematology, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon-Sud Hospital, Lyon, France
| | - Laimonas Griskevicius
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Vilnius University, Vilnius, Lithuania
- Hematology, Oncology and Transfusion Medicine Center, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - Thomas Cluzeau
- Department of Hematology, CHU de Nice, Cote D’Azur University, Nice, France
- Sophia Antipolis University, Nice, France
- INSERM U1065, Mediterranean Center of Molecular Medicine, Cote D’Azur University, Nice, France
- Equipe Labellisée par la Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - Denis Caillot
- Department of Hematology, Dijon University Hospital, Dijon, France
| | - Ollivier Legrand
- Department of Hematology and Cellular Therapy, Saint Antoine Hospital, Assistance Publique–Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
- UMRS 938, INSERM, Paris, France
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie Paris VI, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
| | - Clara Minotti
- Hematology, Department of Translational and Precision Medicine, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Hematology Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria di Modena and Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Firas Farkas
- Department of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine of Comenius University, University Hospital, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | | | - Sejla Hodzic
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation, East Hanover, NJ
| | - Alessandro Rambaldi
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, University of Milan and Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Adriano Venditti
- Hematology, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, Rome, Italy
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10
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Jahn E, Saadati M, Fenaux P, Gobbi M, Roboz GJ, Bullinger L, Lutsik P, Riedel A, Plass C, Jahn N, Walter C, Holzmann K, Hao Y, Naim S, Schreck N, Krzykalla J, Benner A, Keer HN, Azab M, Döhner K, Döhner H. Clinical impact of the genomic landscape and leukemogenic trajectories in non-intensively treated elderly acute myeloid leukemia patients. Leukemia 2023; 37:2187-2196. [PMID: 37591941 PMCID: PMC10624608 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01999-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
To characterize the genomic landscape and leukemogenic pathways of older, newly diagnosed, non-intensively treated patients with AML and to study the clinical implications, comprehensive genetics analyses were performed including targeted DNA sequencing of 263 genes in 604 patients treated in a prospective Phase III clinical trial. Leukemic trajectories were delineated using oncogenetic tree modeling and hierarchical clustering, and prognostic groups were derived from multivariable Cox regression models. Clonal hematopoiesis-related genes (ASXL1, TET2, SRSF2, DNMT3A) were most frequently mutated. The oncogenetic modeling algorithm produced a tree with five branches with ASXL1, DDX41, DNMT3A, TET2, and TP53 emanating from the root suggesting leukemia-initiating events which gave rise to further subbranches with distinct subclones. Unsupervised clustering mirrored the genetic groups identified by the tree model. Multivariable analysis identified FLT3 internal tandem duplications (ITD), SRSF2, and TP53 mutations as poor prognostic factors, while DDX41 mutations exerted an exceptionally favorable effect. Subsequent backwards elimination based on the Akaike information criterion delineated three genetic risk groups: DDX41 mutations (favorable-risk), DDX41wildtype/FLT3-ITDneg/TP53wildtype (intermediate-risk), and FLT3-ITD or TP53 mutations (high-risk). Our data identified distinct trajectories of leukemia development in older AML patients and provide a basis for a clinically meaningful genetic outcome stratification for patients receiving less intensive therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekaterina Jahn
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | - Marco Gobbi
- Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Lars Bullinger
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Pavlo Lutsik
- Department of Oncology, Catholic University (KU) Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Anna Riedel
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Christoph Plass
- Division of Cancer Epigenomics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Jahn
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Claudia Walter
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | - Yong Hao
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Sue Naim
- Astex Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Pleasanton, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Schreck
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julia Krzykalla
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Axel Benner
- Division of Biostatistics, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Konstanze Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Hartmut Döhner
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany.
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11
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Parvin S, Aryal A, Yin S, Fell GG, Davids MS, Wu CJ, Letai A. Targeting conditioned media dependencies and FLT-3 in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Blood Adv 2023; 7:5877-5889. [PMID: 37428863 PMCID: PMC10558618 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022008207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of the stromal microenvironment in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) pathogenesis and drug resistance is well established. Despite recent advances in CLL therapy, identifying novel ways to disrupt interactions between CLL and its microenvironment may identify new combination partners for the drugs currently in use. To understand the role of microenvironmental factors on primary CLL cells, we took advantage of an observation that conditioned media (CM) collected from stroma was protective of CLL cells from spontaneous cell death ex vivo. The cytokine in the CM-dependent cells that most supports CLL survival in short-term ex vivo culture was CCL2. Pretreatment of CLL cells with anti-CCL2 antibody enhanced venetoclax-mediated killing. Surprisingly, we found a group of CLL samples (9/23 cases) that are less likely to undergo cell death in the absence of CM support. Functional studies revealed that CM-independent (CMI) CLL cells are less sensitive to apoptosis than conventional stroma-dependent CLL. In addition, a majority of the CMI CLL samples (80%) harbored unmutated immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable (IGHV) region. Bulk-RNA sequence analysis revealed upregulation of the focal adhesion and RAS signaling pathways in this group, along with expression of fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) and CD135. Treatment with FLT3 inhibitors caused a significant reduction in cell viability among CMI samples. In summary, we were able to discriminate and target 2 biologically distinct subgroups of CLL based on CM dependence with distinct microenvironmental vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salma Parvin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Aditi Aryal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Shanye Yin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Geoffrey G. Fell
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Matthew S. Davids
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | - Catherine J. Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Anthony Letai
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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12
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Kelvin JM, Jain J, Thapa A, Qui M, Birnbaum LA, Moore SG, Zecca H, Summers RJ, Switchenko JM, Costanza E, Uricoli B, Wang X, Jui NT, Fu H, Du Y, DeRyckere D, Graham DK, Dreaden EC. Constitutively Synergistic Multiagent Drug Formulations Targeting MERTK, FLT3, and BCL-2 for Treatment of AML. Pharm Res 2023; 40:2133-2146. [PMID: 37704893 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03596-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Although high-dose, multiagent chemotherapy has improved leukemia survival rates, treatment outcomes remain poor in high-risk subsets, including acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in infants. The development of new, more effective therapies for these patients is therefore an urgent, unmet clinical need. METHODS The dual MERTK/FLT3 inhibitor MRX-2843 and BCL-2 family protein inhibitors were screened in high-throughput against a panel of AML and MLL-rearranged precursor B-cell ALL (infant ALL) cell lines. A neural network model was built to correlate ratiometric drug synergy and target gene expression. Drugs were loaded into liposomal nanocarriers to assess primary AML cell responses. RESULTS MRX-2843 synergized with venetoclax to reduce AML cell density in vitro. A neural network classifier based on drug exposure and target gene expression predicted drug synergy and growth inhibition in AML with high accuracy. Combination monovalent liposomal drug formulations delivered defined drug ratios intracellularly and recapitulated synergistic drug activity. The magnitude and frequency of synergistic responses were both maintained and improved following drug formulation in a genotypically diverse set of primary AML bone marrow specimens. CONCLUSIONS We developed a nanoscale combination drug formulation that exploits ectopic expression of MERTK tyrosine kinase and dependency on BCL-2 family proteins for leukemia cell survival in pediatric AML and infant ALL cells. We demonstrate ratiometric drug delivery and synergistic cell killing in AML, a result achieved by a systematic, generalizable approach of combination drug screening and nanoscale formulation that may be extended to other drug pairs or diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Kelvin
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Juhi Jain
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona College of Medicine, and Banner University Medical Center Tucson, Tucson, AZ, 85724, USA
| | - Aashis Thapa
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Min Qui
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Lacey A Birnbaum
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Samuel G Moore
- Systems Mass Spectrometry Core Facility, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Henry Zecca
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ryan J Summers
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Switchenko
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Emma Costanza
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Biaggio Uricoli
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xiaodong Wang
- Center for Integrative Chemical Biology and Drug Discovery, Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, 27599, USA
| | - Nathan T Jui
- Department of Chemistry, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA
| | - Haian Fu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Yuhong Du
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Emory Chemical Biology Discovery Center, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Deborah DeRyckere
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Douglas K Graham
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
| | - Erik C Dreaden
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA.
- Petit Institute for Bioengineering and Bioscience, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, USA.
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13
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Darici S, Jørgensen HG, Huang X, Serafin V, Antolini L, Barozzi P, Luppi M, Forghieri F, Marmiroli S, Zavatti M. Improved efficacy of quizartinib in combination therapy with PI3K inhibition in primary FLT3-ITD AML cells. Adv Biol Regul 2023; 89:100974. [PMID: 37245251 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2023.100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia is a heterogeneous hematopoietic malignancy, characterized by uncontrolled clonal proliferation of abnormal myeloid progenitor cells, with poor outcomes. The internal tandem duplication (ITD) mutation of the Fms-like receptor tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) (FLT3-ITD) represents the most common genetic alteration in AML, detected in approximately 30% of AML patients, and is associated with high leukemic burden and poor prognosis. Therefore, this kinase has been regarded as an attractive druggable target for the treatment of FLT3-ITD AML, and selective small molecule inhibitors, such as quizartinib, have been identified and trialled. However, clinical outcomes have been disappointing so far due to poor remission rates, also because of acquired resistance. A strategy to overcome resistance is to combine FLT3 inhibitors with other targeted therapies. In this study, we investigated the preclinical efficacy of the combination of quizartinib with the pan PI3K inhibitor BAY-806946 in FLT3-ITD cell lines and primary cells from AML patients. We show here that BAY-806946 enhanced quizartinib cytotoxicity and, most importantly, that this combination increases the ability of quizartinib to kill CD34+ CD38-leukemia stem cells, whilst sparing normal hematopoietic stem cells. Because constitutively active FLT3 receptor tyrosine kinase is known to boost aberrant PI3K signaling, the increased sensitivity of primary cells to the above combination can be the mechanistic results of the disruption of signaling by vertical inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salihanur Darici
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Section of Human Morphology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Largo del Pozzo 71, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy; Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Heather G Jørgensen
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Xu Huang
- Haemato-Oncology/Systems Medicine Group, Paul O'Gorman Leukaemia Research Centre, Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 0ZD, UK
| | - Valentina Serafin
- Department of Surgery Oncology and Gastroenterology Oncology and Immunology Section University of Padova, Italy
| | - Ludovica Antolini
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Section of Human Morphology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Largo del Pozzo 71, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy
| | - Patrizia Barozzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy
| | - Mario Luppi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Fabio Forghieri
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Section of Hematology, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Modena, Via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Sandra Marmiroli
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Section of Human Morphology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Largo del Pozzo 71, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy.
| | - Manuela Zavatti
- Cellular Signaling Unit, Section of Human Morphology, Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neural Sciences, Largo del Pozzo 71, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, 41125, Italy
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14
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Edahiro T, Ureshino H, Chishaki R, Fujino K, Mino T, Yoshida T, Fukushima N, Ichinohe T. Successful Pre- and Post-transplant Administration of Gilteritinib in a Patient with Relapsed and Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia Undergoing Allogeneic Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplantation. Intern Med 2023; 62:2243-2247. [PMID: 36450475 PMCID: PMC10465286 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.1069-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harboring FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3)-internal tandem duplication mutation are associated with a poor survival outcome, even those receiving allogeneic stem cell transplantation (Allo-SCT). An additional treatment strategy with allo-SCT is therefore required to reduce relapse in these patients. Gilteritinib is a specific FLT3 inhibitor that has shown clinical benefit for patients with relapsed and refractory (R/R) AML harboring FLT3 mutation. We herein report a 49-year-old woman with R/R AML who was successfully treated with pre- and post-transplant gilteritinib. Post-transplant gilteritnib yielded a durable response with possible exacerbation of graft-versus-host disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taro Edahiro
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ureshino
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
- Next Generation Development of Genome and Cellular Therapy Program, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine (RIRBM), Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Ren Chishaki
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Keita Fujino
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Tatsuji Mino
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | - Tetsumi Yoshida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
| | | | - Tatsuo Ichinohe
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Research Institute for Radiation Biology and Medicine, Hiroshima University, Japan
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15
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Lee H, Zhuang L, Gan B. Ferroptosis vulnerability in FLT3-mutant leukemia. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:524-525. [PMID: 37173186 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to FLT3 inhibition is a prevalent challenge in managing FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML). A recent study by Sabatier et al. discovered ferroptosis vulnerability in FLT3-mutant AML and they propose a promising therapeutic approach of combining FLT3 inhibitors with ferroptosis inducers for treating this type of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyemin Lee
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Li Zhuang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Boyi Gan
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; The University of Texas MD Anderson UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX, USA.
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16
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Perl AE, Larson RA, Podoltsev NA, Strickland S, Wang ES, Atallah E, Schiller GJ, Martinelli G, Neubauer A, Sierra J, Montesinos P, Recher C, Yoon SS, Maeda Y, Hosono N, Onozawa M, Kato T, Kim HJ, Hasabou N, Nuthethi R, Tiu R, Levis MJ. Outcomes in Patients with FLT3-Mutated Relapsed/ Refractory Acute Myelogenous Leukemia Who Underwent Transplantation in the Phase 3 ADMIRAL Trial of Gilteritinib versus Salvage Chemotherapy. Transplant Cell Ther 2023; 29:265.e1-265.e10. [PMID: 36526260 PMCID: PMC10189888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtct.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) inhibitor gilteritinib improved the survival of patients with relapsed or refractory (R/R) FLT3-mutated acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) in the phase 3 ADMIRAL trial. In this study, we assessed survival and relapse rates of patients in the ADMIRAL trial who underwent hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), as well as safety outcomes in patients who received post-transplantation gilteritinib maintenance therapy. ADMIRAL was a global phase 3 randomized controlled trial that enrolled adult patients with FLT3-mutated R/R AML. Patients with R/R AML who harbored FLT3 internal tandem duplication mutations in the juxtamembrane domain or D835/I836 point mutations in the tyrosine kinase domain were randomized (2:1) to gilteritinib (120 mg/day) or to preselected high- or low-intensity salvage chemotherapy (1 or 2 cycles). Patients in the gilteritinib arm who proceeded to HSCT could receive post-transplantation gilteritinib maintenance therapy if they were within 30 to 90 days post-transplantation and had achieved composite complete remission (CRc) with successful engraftment and no post-transplantation complications. Adverse events (AEs) during HSCT were recorded in the gilteritinib arm only. Survival outcomes and the cumulative incidence of relapse were assessed in patients who underwent HSCT during the trial. Treatment-emergent AEs were evaluated in patients who restarted gilteritinib as post-transplantation maintenance therapy. Patients in the gilteritinib arm underwent HSCT more frequently than those in the chemotherapy arm (26% [n = 64] versus 15% [n = 19]). For all transplantation recipients, 12- and 24-month overall survival (OS) rates were 68% and 47%, respectively. Despite a trend toward longer OS after pretransplantation CRc, post-transplantation survival was comparable in the 2 arms. Patients who resumed gilteritinib after HSCT had a low relapse rate after pretransplantation CRc (20%) or CR (0%). The most common AEs observed with post-transplantation gilteritinib therapy were increased alanine aminotransferase level (45%), pyrexia (43%), and diarrhea (40%); grade ≥3 AEs were related primarily to myelosuppression. The incidences of grade ≥III acute graft-versus-host disease and related mortality were low. Post-transplantation survival was similar across the 2 study arms in the ADMIRAL trial, but higher remission rates with gilteritinib facilitated receipt of HSCT. Gilteritinib as post-transplantation maintenance therapy had a stable safety and tolerability profile and was associated with low relapse rates. Taken together, these data support a preference for bridging therapy with gilteritinib over chemotherapy in transplantation-eligible patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander E Perl
- Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
| | - Richard A Larson
- Division of the Biological Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Nikolai A Podoltsev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Stephen Strickland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Eunice S Wang
- Department of Medicine, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, New York
| | - Ehab Atallah
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Gary J Schiller
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, California
| | - Giovanni Martinelli
- IRCCS Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio dei Tumori "Dino Amadori" IRST S.r.l, Meldola, Italy
| | | | - Jorge Sierra
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Montesinos
- Department of Hematology, University Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Christian Recher
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse, Institut Universitaire du Cancer de Toulouse Oncopole, Université de Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Toulouse, France
| | - Sung-Soo Yoon
- Department of Hemato Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoshinobu Maeda
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Okayama University Hospital, Okoyama, Japan
| | - Naoko Hosono
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Fukui, Fukui, Japan
| | | | - Takayasu Kato
- Department of Hematology, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hee-Je Kim
- Catholic Hematology Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | | | | | - Ramon Tiu
- Astellas Pharma US, Inc., Northbrook, Illinois
| | - Mark J Levis
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
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17
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Alafnan A, Dogan R, Bender O, Celik I, Mollica A, Malik JA, Rengasamy KRR, Break MKB, Khojali WMA, Alharby TN, Atalay A, Anwar S. Beta Elemene induces cytotoxic effects in FLT3 ITD-mutated acute myeloid leukemia by modulating apoptosis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:3270-3287. [PMID: 37140277 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202304_32098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE: β-Elemene, a sesquiterpene with a broad anti-cancer spectrum, is particularly effective against drug-resistant and complex tumors. It can also be efficient against FLT3-expressed acute myeloid leukemia. This research aims to determine whether β-Elemene has cytotoxic effects on FLT3 ITD-mutated AML cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Cytotoxicity, cell morphology, mRNA analysis with apoptotic markers, and analysis of 43 distinct protein markers related to cell death, survival, and resistance were all performed to elucidate its mechanism. Additionally, in order to understand how β-Elemene and FLT3 interact, molecular docking, molecular dynamics simulations, and computational ADME investigations were performed. RESULTS: β-Elemene exhibited cytotoxic activity against FLT3-mutated MV4-11 and FLT3 wild-type THP-1 cells, with an IC50 of around 25 µg/ml. The molecular studies revealed that β-Elemene inhibited cell proliferation by inducing p53, and the involvement of p21, p27, HTRA, and HSPs were also demonstrated. The interactive inhibition in proliferation was confirmed via molecular docking and dynamics analyses. β-Elemene occupied the FLT3 enzymatic pocket with good stability at the FLT3 active site. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded from our observations that β-Elemene causes cell death in ITD mutant AML cells, together with the effects of stress factors and inhibiting cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alafnan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia.
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18
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Buelow DR, Bhatnagar B, Orwick SJ, Jeon JY, Eisenmann ED, Stromatt JC, Pabla NS, Blachly JS, Baker SD, Blaser BW. BMX kinase mediates gilteritinib resistance in FLT3-mutated AML through microenvironmental factors. Blood Adv 2022; 6:5049-5060. [PMID: 35797240 PMCID: PMC9631628 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2022007952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical benefit associated with gilteritinib in relapsed/refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML), most patients eventually develop resistance through unknown mechanisms. To delineate the mechanistic basis of resistance to gilteritinib, we performed targeted sequencing and scRNASeq on primary FLT3-ITD-mutated AML samples. Co-occurring mutations in RAS pathway genes were the most common genetic abnormalities, and unresponsiveness to gilteritinib was associated with increased expression of bone marrow-derived hematopoietic cytokines and chemokines. In particular, we found elevated expression of the TEK-family kinase, BMX, in gilteritinib-unresponsive patients pre- and post-treatment. BMX contributed to gilteritinib resistance in FLT3-mutant cell lines in a hypoxia-dependent manner by promoting pSTAT5 signaling, and these phenotypes could be reversed with pharmacological inhibition and genetic knockout. We also observed that inhibition of BMX in primary FLT3-mutated AML samples decreased chemokine secretion and enhanced the activity of gilteritinib. Collectively, these findings indicate a crucial role for microenvironment-mediated factors modulated by BMX in the escape from targeted therapy and have implications for the development of novel therapeutic interventions to restore sensitivity to gilteritinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daelynn R. Buelow
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Bhavana Bhatnagar
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Wheeling, WV; and
| | - Shelley J. Orwick
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jae Yoon Jeon
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Eric D. Eisenmann
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jack C. Stromatt
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Navjot Singh Pabla
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - James S. Blachly
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
| | - Sharyn D. Baker
- Division of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Bradley W. Blaser
- Division of Hematology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH
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Zhang M, Tajima S, Suetsugu K, Hirota T, Tsuchiya Y, Yamauchi T, Yoshimoto G, Miyamoto T, Egashira N, Akashi K, Ieiri I. Development and Validation of an LC-MS/MS Method to Quantify Gilteritinib and Its Clinical Application in Patients With FLT3 Mutation-Positive Acute Myelogenous Leukemia. Ther Drug Monit 2022; 44:592-596. [PMID: 35149666 DOI: 10.1097/ftd.0000000000000971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gilteritinib, a novel oral tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is used to treat acute myeloid leukemia (AML) with FMS-like tyrosine kinase-3 (FLT3) mutations. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) of gilteritinib is important for improving clinical outcomes and ensuring safety. Therefore, this study aimed to develop a simplified method for quantifying gilteritinib in human plasma using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. METHODS Liquid chromatography was performed by using an Acquity BEH C18 column (50 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm) and a gradient elution with 0.1% formic acid in water (A) and acetonitrile (B). Detection was performed by using a Shimadzu tandem mass spectrometer through multiple reaction monitoring in the positive-ion mode. RESULTS The developed method enabled quantification of gilteritinib in 4 minutes and was validated by evaluating selectivity, calibration curve (10-1000 ng/mL, r 2 > 0.99), a lower limit of quantification (LLOQ), accuracy (overall bias -4.2% to 1.9%), precision (intraday CV ≤ 7.9%; interday CV ≤ 13.6%), carryover, recovery, matrix effect, dilution integrity, and stability according to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) guidelines. This method was successfully applied to the TDM of gilteritinib trough concentrations in 3 patients with AML. CONCLUSIONS The developed method fulfilled the FDA guideline criteria and can easily be implemented to facilitate TDM in patients receiving gilteritinib in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Soichiro Tajima
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Takeshi Hirota
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tsuchiya
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Takuji Yamauchi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Goichi Yoshimoto
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Saga-Ken Medical Centre Koseikan, Saga, Japan ; and
| | - Toshihiro Miyamoto
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Hematology, Kanazawa University Hospital, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Egashira
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Koichi Akashi
- Department of Medicine and Biosystemic Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Ichiro Ieiri
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Biopharmaceutics, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
- Department of Pharmacy, Kyushu University Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan
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20
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Yen SC, Wu YW, Huang CC, Chao MW, Tu HJ, Chen LC, Lin TE, Sung TY, Tseng HJ, Chu JC, Huang WJ, Yang CR, HuangFu WC, Pan SL, Hsu KC. O-methylated flavonol as a multi-kinase inhibitor of leukemogenic kinases exhibits a potential treatment for acute myeloid leukemia. Phytomedicine 2022; 100:154061. [PMID: 35364561 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2022.154061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Revised: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a heterogeneous disease with poor overall survival characterized by various genetic changes. The continuous activation of oncogenic pathways leads to the development of drug resistance and limits current therapeutic efficacy. Therefore, a multi-targeting inhibitor may overcome drug resistance observed in AML treatment. Recently, groups of flavonoids, such as flavones and flavonols, have been shown to inhibit a variety of kinase activities, which provides potential opportunities for further anticancer applications. PURPOSE In this study, we evaluated the anticancer effects of flavonoid compounds collected from our in-house library and investigated their potential anticancer mechanisms by targeting multiple kinases for inhibition in AML cells. METHODS The cytotoxic effect of the compounds was detected by cell viability assays. The kinase inhibitory activity of the selected compound was detected by kinase-based and cell-based assays. The binding conformation and interactions were investigated by molecular docking analysis. Flow cytometry was used to evaluate the cell cycle distribution and cell apoptosis. The protein and gene expression were estimated by western blotting and qPCR, respectively. RESULTS In this study, an O-methylated flavonol (compound 11) was found to possess remarkable cytotoxic activity against AML cells compared to treatment in other cancer cell lines. The compound was demonstrated to act against multiple kinases, which play critical roles in survival signaling in AML, including FLT3, MNK2, RSK, DYRK2 and JAK2 with IC50 values of 1 - 2 μM. Compared to our previous flavonoid compounds, which only showed inhibitions against MNKs or FLT3, compound 11 exhibited multiple kinase inhibitory abilities. Moreover, compound 11 showed effectiveness in inhibiting internal tandem duplications of FLT3 (FLT3-ITDs), which accounts for 25% of AML cases. The interactions between compound 11 and targeted kinases were investigated by molecular docking analysis. Mechanically, compound 11 caused dose-dependent accumulation of leukemic cells at the G0/G1 phase and followed by the cells undergoing apoptosis. CONCLUSION O-methylated flavonol, compound 11, can target multiple kinases, which may provide potential opportunities for the development of novel therapeutics for drug-resistant AMLs. This work provides a good starting point for further compound optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chung Yen
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Wen Wu
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, China; Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chiao Huang
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of General Surgery, Department of Surgery, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Wu Chao
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; College of Science, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Ju Tu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Chieh Chen
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Tony Eight Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Master Program in Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Sung
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Tseng
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Jung-Chun Chu
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ron Yang
- School of Pharmacy, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chun HuangFu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development Industry, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; TMU Research Center of Drug Discovery, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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21
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Yen SC, Chen LC, Huang HL, Ngo ST, Wu YW, Lin TE, Sung TY, Lien ST, Tseng HJ, Pan SL, Huang WJ, Hsu KC. Investigation of Selected Flavonoid Derivatives as Potent FLT3 Inhibitors for the Potential Treatment of Acute Myeloid Leukemia. J Nat Prod 2021; 84:1-10. [PMID: 33393294 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.0c00589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive disease with a poor prognosis and a high degree of relapse seen in patients. Overexpression of FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (FLT3) is associated with up to 70% of AML patients. Wild-type FLT3 induces proliferation and inhibits apoptosis in AML cells, while uncontrolled proliferation of FLT3 kinase activity is also associated with FLT3 mutations. Therefore, inhibiting FLT3 activity is a promising AML therapy. Flavonoids are a group of phytochemicals that can target protein kinases, suggesting their potential antitumor activities. In this study, several plant-derived flavonoids have been identified with FLT3 inhibitory activity. Among these compounds, compound 40 (5,7,4'-trihydroxy-6-methoxyflavone) exhibited the most potent inhibition against not only FLT3 (IC50 = 0.44 μM) but also FLT3-D835Y and FLT3-ITD mutants (IC50 = 0.23 and 0.39 μM, respectively). The critical interactions between the FLT3 binding site and the compounds were identified by performing a structure-activity relationship analysis. Furthermore, the results of cellular assays revealed that compounds 28, 31, 32, and 40 exhibited significant cytotoxicity against two human AML cell lines (MOLM-13 and MV-4-11), and compounds 31, 32, and 40 resulted in cell apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest. Collectively, these flavonoids have the potential to be further optimized as FLT3 inhibitors and provide valuable chemical information for the development of new AML drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Chung Yen
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liang-Chieh Chen
- Warshel Institute for Computational Biology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Li Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Ting Ngo
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Wen Wu
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tony Eight Lin
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Master Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Ying Sung
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology, College of Biological Science and Technology, National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ssu-Ting Lien
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Tseng
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shiow-Lin Pan
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jan Huang
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Cheng Hsu
- Graduate Institute of Cancer Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Biotechnology Research and Development, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Commercialization Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- TMU Research Center of Cancer Translational Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program for Cancer Molecular Biology and Drug Discovery, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Cancer Center, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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22
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Bucy T, Zoscak JM, Mori M, Borate U. Patients with FLT3-mutant AML needed to enroll on FLT3-targeted therapeutic clinical trials. Blood Adv 2019; 3:4055-4064. [PMID: 31816063 PMCID: PMC6963255 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We sought to identify the total number of therapeutic trials targeting FLT3-mutant acute myeloid leukemia (AML) to estimate the number of patients needed to satisfy recruitment when compared with the incidence of this mutation in the US AML population. A systematic review of all therapeutic clinical trials focusing on adult FLT3-mutated AML was conducted from 2000 to 2017. An updated search was performed using ClinicalTrials.gov for trials added between October 2017 and December 2018. Analysis was performed for ClinicalTrials.gov search results from 2000 to 2017 to provide descriptive estimates of discrepancies between anticipated clinical trial enrollment using consistently cited rates of adult participation of 1%, 3%, and 5%, as well as 10% participation identified by the American Society of Clinical Oncology in 2008. Twenty-five pharmaceutical or biological agents aimed at treating FLT3-mutant AML were identified. Pharmaceutical vs cooperative group/nonprofit support was 2.3:1, with 30 different pharmaceutical collaborators and 13 cooperative group/nonprofit collaborators. The number of patients needed to satisfy study enrollment begins to surpass the upper bound of estimated participation in 2010, noticeably surpassing projected participation rates between 2015 and 2016. The number of patients needed to satisfy study enrollment surpasses 3% and 5% rates of historical participation for US-only trials in 2017. We estimate that 15% of all US patients with FLT3-mutant AML would have to enroll in US and internationally accruing trials to satisfy requirements in 2017, or approximately 3 times the upper level of historical participation rates in the United States. The current clinical trial agenda in this space requires high percentage enrollment for sustainability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Bucy
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; and
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR
| | - John M Zoscak
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; and
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR
| | - Motomi Mori
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; and
- Oregon Health & Science University-Portland State University School of Public Health, Portland, OR
| | - Uma Borate
- Knight Cancer Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR; and
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23
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Terashima T, Kojima H, Urabe H, Yamakawa I, Ogawa N, Kawai H, Chan L, Maegawa H. Stem cell factor-activated bone marrow ameliorates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis by promoting protective microglial migration. J Neurosci Res 2014; 92:856-69. [PMID: 24936617 PMCID: PMC4061499 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.23368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a progressive disease associated with motor neuron death. Several experimental treatments, including cell therapy using hematopoietic or neuronal stem cells, have been tested in ALS animal models, but therapeutic benefits have been modest. Here we used a new therapeutic strategy, bone marrow transplantation (BMT) with stem cell factor (SCF)- or FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3 (flt3)-activated bone marrow (BM) cells for the treatment of hSOD1(G93A) transgenic mice. Motor function and survival showed greater improvement in the SCF group than in the group receiving BM cells that had not been activated (BMT alone group), although no improvement was shown in the flt3 group. In addition, larger numbers of BM-derived cells that expressed the microglia marker Iba1 migrated to the spinal cords of recipient mice compared with the BMT alone group. Moreover, after SCF activation, but not flt3 activation or no activation, the migrating microglia expressed glutamate transporter-1 (GLT-1). In spinal cords in the SCF group, inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α and interleukin-1β were suppressed and the neuroprotective molecule insulin-like growth factor-1 increased relative to nontreatment hSOD1(G93A) transgenic mice. Therefore, SCF activation changed the character of the migrating donor BM cells, which resulted in neuroprotective effects. These studies have identified SCF-activated BM cells as a potential new therapeutic agent for the treatment of ALS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Terashima
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hideto Kojima
- Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Urabe
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Isamu Yamakawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Ogawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Kawai
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
| | - Lawrence Chan
- Departments of Medicine and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Hiroshi Maegawa
- Department of Medicine, Shiga University of Medical Science, Seta, Otsu, Shiga, Japan
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24
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Puntel M, Muhammad AKMG, Candolfi M, Salem A, Yagiz K, Farrokhi C, Kroeger KM, Xiong W, Curtin JF, Liu C, Bondale NS, Lerner J, Pechnick RN, Palmer D, Ng P, Lowenstein PR, Castro MG. A novel bicistronic high-capacity gutless adenovirus vector that drives constitutive expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase and tet-inducible expression of Flt3L for glioma therapeutics. J Virol 2010; 84:6007-17. [PMID: 20375153 PMCID: PMC2876634 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00398-10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a deadly primary brain tumor. Conditional cytotoxic/immune-stimulatory gene therapy (Ad-TK and Ad-Flt3L) elicits tumor regression and immunological memory in rodent GBM models. Since the majority of patients enrolled in clinical trials would exhibit adenovirus immunity, which could curtail transgene expression and therapeutic efficacy, we used high-capacity adenovirus vectors (HC-Ads) as a gene delivery platform. Herein, we describe for the first time a novel bicistronic HC-Ad driving constitutive expression of herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase (HSV1-TK) and inducible Tet-mediated expression of Flt3L within a single-vector platform. We achieved anti-GBM therapeutic efficacy with no overt toxicities using this bicistronic HC-Ad even in the presence of systemic Ad immunity. The bicistronic HC-Ad-TK/TetOn-Flt3L was delivered into intracranial gliomas in rats. Survival, vector biodistribution, neuropathology, systemic toxicity, and neurobehavioral deficits were assessed for up to 1 year posttreatment. Therapeutic efficacy was also assessed in animals preimmunized against Ads. We demonstrate therapeutic efficacy, with vector genomes being restricted to the brain injection site and an absence of overt toxicities. Importantly, antiadenoviral immunity did not inhibit therapeutic efficacy. These data represent the first report of a bicistronic vector platform driving the expression of two therapeutic transgenes, i.e., constitutive HSV1-TK and inducible Flt3L genes. Further, our data demonstrate no promoter interference and optimum gene delivery and expression from within this single-vector platform. Analysis of the efficacy, safety, and toxicity of this bicistronic HC-Ad vector in an animal model of GBM strongly supports further preclinical testing and downstream process development of HC-Ad-TK/TetOn-Flt3L for a future phase I clinical trial for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Puntel
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - A. K. M. G. Muhammad
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Marianela Candolfi
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Alireza Salem
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kader Yagiz
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Catherine Farrokhi
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Kurt M. Kroeger
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Weidong Xiong
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - James F. Curtin
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Chunyan Liu
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Niyati S. Bondale
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jonathan Lerner
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Robert N. Pechnick
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Donna Palmer
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Philip Ng
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Pedro R. Lowenstein
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Maria G. Castro
- Gene Therapeutics Research Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Davis Bldg., Room 5090, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California 90048, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California, The Brain Research Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California, Department of Medicine and Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
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25
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Abstract
Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) is a difficult disease to treat, and better treatments are needed. Molecular targeted therapy represents a novel therapeutic approach. The FLT3 tyrosine kinase receptor is mutated in approximately one-fourth to one-third of patients with AML. Normally, binding of FLT3 ligand to the FLT3 receptor leads to phosphorylation of tyrosine residues and activation of the receptor. This in turn leads to induction of intracellular signaling pathways essential to regulation of cell proliferation and apoptosis. Two classes of FLT3 activating mutations have been identified in AML patients: internal tandem duplications (ITDS) and point mutations in the activating loop of the kinase domain. Both mutations result in constitutive FLT3 tyrosine kinase activity and lead to transformation of hematopoietic cell lines in vivo and in vitro. FLT3 ITDs are also an independent poor prognostic factor for overall survival and disease free survival in patients with AML. Therefore, targeting FLT3 mutations represents a potential therapeutic target for AML. This review will discuss the biology and clinical significance of FLT3 and FLT3 mutations in cell growth and signaling. In addition, I will discuss some of the novel FLT3 inhibitors which are entering clinical trials for AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali S Advani
- The Cleveland Clinic Lerner College of Medicine, Department of Hematology/Medical Oncology, The Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Desk R35, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
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