551
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Pan Y, Li H. Trace elements in scalp hair from potentially exposed individuals in the vicinity of the Bayan Obo mine in Baotou, China. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 40:678-685. [PMID: 26407230 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Mining activities including mineral excavation and ore transportation produce and release large amounts of pollutants to the surrounding environment, raising concerns regarding the effects of environmental exposure to pollutants on human health. The concentration of elements in hair can be used as a biomarker of exposure to chemical elements. In the present study, hair samples from 89 relatively healthy volunteers aged 11-77 years old (57 living near Bayan Obo giant REE-Nb-Fe ore deposit and 32 in non-mining areas) from Baotou (Inner Mongolia, China) were analyzed to determine the contents of 25 chemical elements (Ag, Al, As, Ba, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cs, Cu, Fe, Ga, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Pb, Rb, Se, Tl, U, V and Zn) with the aim of gaining insights about the potential exposure to chemical elements of the population living within the Bayan Obo opencast mining area. The effects of gender and living area on element concentrations in hair were also investigated. The results showed that the mean concentrations of the target elements (Ag, Al, Ba, Cd, Co, Li, Mn, Ni, Pb, Tl, V, Cs, Ga, Rb, U, Bi, Mo, As, Ca, Fe, Mg and Zn) in human hair from the mining area (MA) were primarily higher than that in non-mining areas (NMA). The area of residence had an influence on the presence of select trace elements (As, Cd, Mg, Pb, Tl, U and Zn) in human hair. In addition, the hair samples from MA showed statistically significant differences between males and females for a larger number of elements than those in NMA in which only Ag, Bi and Se were significantly different. This result implies a potential influence of mining activities on residents living in the vicinity. These findings confirm the need for competent authorities to act as early as possible and to implement strategies aimed to protect exposed populations and the entire ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxue Pan
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Haitao Li
- Key Laboratory of Land Surface Pattern and Simulation, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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552
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Šovčíková E, Wimmerová S, Strémy M, Kotianová J, Loffredo CA, Murínová ĽP, Chovancová J, Čonka K, Lancz K, Trnovec T. Simple reaction time in 8-9-year old children environmentally exposed to PCBs. Neurotoxicology 2015; 51:138-44. [PMID: 26480857 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2015.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Simple reaction time (SRT) has been studied in children exposed to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), with variable results. In the current work we examined SRT in 146 boys and 161 girls, aged 8.53 ± 0.65 years (mean ± SD), exposed to PCBs in the environment of eastern Slovakia. We divided the children into tertiles with regard to increasing PCB serum concentration. The mean ± SEM serum concentration of the sum of 15 PCB congeners was 191.15 ± 5.39, 419.23 ± 8.47, and 1315.12 ± 92.57 ng/g lipids in children of the first, second, and third tertiles, respectively. We created probability distribution plots for each child from their multiple trials of the SRT testing. We fitted response time distributions from all valid trials with the ex-Gaussian function, a convolution of a normal and an additional exponential function, providing estimates of three independent parameters μ, σ, and τ. μ is the mean of the normal component, σ is the standard deviation of the normal component, and τ is the mean of the exponential component. Group response time distributions were calculated using the Vincent averaging technique. A Q-Q plot comparing probability distribution of the first vs. third tertile indicated that deviation of the quantiles of the latter tertile from those of the former begins at the 40th percentile and does not show a positive acceleration. This was confirmed in comparison of the ex-Gaussian parameters of these two tertiles adjusted for sex, age, Raven IQ of the child, mother's and father's education, behavior at home and school, and BMI: the results showed that the parameters μ and τ significantly (p ≤ 0.05) increased with PCB exposure. Similar increases of the ex-Gaussian parameter τ in children suffering from ADHD have been previously reported and interpreted as intermittent attentional lapses, but were not seen in our cohort. Our study has confirmed that environmental exposure of children to PCBs is associated with prolongation of simple reaction time reflecting impairment of cognitive functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Šovčíková
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Soňa Wimmerová
- Institute of Biophysics, Informatics and Biostatistics, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Maximilián Strémy
- Research Centre of Progressive Technologies, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Hajdóczyho 1, 91724 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Janette Kotianová
- Institute of Applied Informatics, Automatization and Mechatronics, Faculty of Materials Science and Technology in Trnava, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Hajdóczyho 1, 91724 Trnava, Slovakia
| | - Christopher A Loffredo
- Department of Oncology & Department of Biostatistics, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20057, USA
| | | | - Jana Chovancová
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kamil Čonka
- Department of Toxic Organic Pollutants, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Kinga Lancz
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Tomáš Trnovec
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Slovak Medical University, Limbová 12, 83303 Bratislava, Slovakia.
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553
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Jo HM, Ha M, Lee WJ. Urinary concentration of 3-phenoxybenzoic acid in elementary students in South Korea. Environ Health Toxicol 2015; 30:e2015009. [PMID: 26602560 PMCID: PMC4662092 DOI: 10.5620/eht.e2015009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pyrethroid pesticides are among the most commonly using insecticides in South Korean households and have been the subject of considerable interest among public health professionals for their potential health effects. The objective of this study is to examine the level of urinary 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3-PBA) among elementary students in South Korea. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study to evaluate pyrethroid pesticide exposure levels by measuring the urinary metabolites of 3-PBA using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method in March 2011. Study participants were 70 Asan-area and Incheon-area elementary students. RESULTS All respondents had values above the detection limit, and the geometric means of 3-PBA in all children were 1.85 μg/L and 1.46 μg/g creatinine. Children with the top 10% urinary levels of 3-PBA were more likely to be girls, under nine years of age, living in a rural area, and living in a residential type apartment. CONCLUSIONS South Korean children have a higher concentration of urinary 3-PBA compared with those of other countries. Further research identifying exposure pathways and intervention efforts to reduce environmental pesticide use are needed in South Korea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Mi Jo
- Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mina Ha
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
| | - Won Jin Lee
- Graduate School of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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554
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Abstract
Children interact with the physical environment differently than adults, and are uniquely susceptible to environmental toxicants. Routes of absorption, distribution, metabolism, and target organ toxicities vary as children grow and develop. This article summarizes the sources of exposure and known adverse effects of toxicants that are ubiquitous in our environment, including tobacco smoke, ethanol, solvents, heavy metals, volatile organic compounds, persistent organic pollutants, and pesticides. Preventive strategies that may be used in counseling children and their families are highlighted.
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555
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Exley K, Aerts D, Biot P, Casteleyn L, Kolossa-Gehring M, Schwedler G, Castaño A, Angerer J, Koch HM, Esteban M, Schindler BK, Schoeters G, Den Hond E, Horvat M, Bloemen L, Knudsen LE, Joas R, Joas A, Sepai O. Pilot study testing a European human biomonitoring framework for biomarkers of chemical exposure in children and their mothers: experiences in the UK. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:15821-15834. [PMID: 26036586 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4772-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to a number of environmental chemicals in UK mothers and children has been assessed as part of the European biomonitoring pilot study, Demonstration of a Study to Coordinate and Perform Human Biomonitoring on a European Scale (DEMOCOPHES). For the European-funded project, 17 countries tested the biomonitoring guidelines and protocols developed by COPHES. The results from the pilot study in the UK are presented; 21 school children aged 6-11 years old and their mothers provided hair samples to measure mercury and urine samples, to measure cadmium, cotinine and several phthalate metabolites: mono(2-ethyl-5-hydroxyhexyl)phthalate (5OH-MEHP), mono(2-ethyl-5-oxo-hexyl)phthalate (5oxo-MEHP) and mono(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (MEHP), mono-ethyl phthalate (MEP), mono-iso-butyl phthalate (MiBP), mono-benzyl phthalate (MBzP) and mono-n-butyl phthalate (MnBP). Questionnaire data was collected on environment, health and lifestyle. Mercury in hair was higher in children who reported frequent consumption of fish (geometric mean 0.35 μg/g) compared to those that ate fish less frequently (0.13 μg/g, p = 0.002). Cadmium accumulates with age as demonstrated by higher levels of urinary cadmium in the mothers (geometric mean 0.24 μg/L) than in the children(0.14 μg/L). None of the mothers reported being regular smokers, and this was evident with extremely low levels of cotinine measured (maximum value 3.6 μg/L in mothers, 2.4 μg/L in children). Very low levels of the phthalate metabolites were also measured in both mothers and children (geometric means in mothers: 5OH-MEHP 8.6 μg/L, 5oxo-MEHP 5.1 μg/L, MEHP 1.2 μg/L, MEP 26.8 μg/L, MiBP 17.0 μg/L, MBzP 1.6 μg/L and MnBP 13.5 μg/L; and in children: 5OH-MEHP 18.4 μg/L, 5oxo-MEHP 11.4 μg/L, MEHP 1.4 μg/L, MEP 14.3 μg/L, MiBP 25.8 μg/L, MBzP 3.5 μg/L and MnBP 22.6 μg/L). All measured biomarker levels were similar to or below population-based reference values published by the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) and Germany's GerES surveys. No results were above available health guidance values and were of no concern with regards to health. The framework and techniques learnt here will assist with future work on biomonitoring in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Exley
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, UK.
| | - Dominique Aerts
- Federal Public Service Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Biot
- Federal Public Service Health, Food Chain Safety and Environment, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | | - Jürgen Angerer
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universitat Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Holger M Koch
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universitat Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Marta Esteban
- Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Birgit K Schindler
- Institute for Prevention and Occupational Medicine of the German Social Accident Insurance, Institute of the Ruhr-Universitat Bochum (IPA), Bochum, Germany
| | - Greet Schoeters
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | - Elly Den Hond
- Environmental Risk and Health Unit, Flemish Institute for Technological Research (VITO), Mol, Belgium
| | | | - Louis Bloemen
- Environmental Health Science International, Hulst, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Ovnair Sepai
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RQ, UK
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556
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Tang Z, Liu Y, Duan Y. Breath analysis: technical developments and challenges in the monitoring of human exposure to volatile organic compounds. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2015; 1002:285-99. [PMID: 26343020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
At present, there is a growing concern about human quality of life. In particular, there is an awareness of the impact of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) on the environment and human health, so the monitoring of human exposure to VOCs is an increasingly urgent need. Biomonitoring is theoretically more accurate compared with traditional ambient air monitoring, and it plays an essential role in human environmental exposure assessment. Breath analysis is a biomonitoring method with many advantages, which is applicable to assessments of human exposure to a large number of VOCs. Techniques are being developed to improve the sensitivity and precision of breath analysis based on in-direct and direct measurements which will be reviewed in this paper. This paper briefly reviews the frequently used methods in both of these categories, specifically highlighting some promising new techniques. Furthermore, this review also provides theoretical background knowledge about the use of breath analysis as a biomonitoring tool for human exposure assessment. A review of the application of breath analysis to human exposure monitoring during last two decades is also provided according to occupational/non-occupational exposure. Obstacles and potential challenges in this field are also summarized. Based on the gradual improvements in the theoretical basis and technology reviewed in this paper, breath analysis is an enormous potential approach for the monitoring of human exposure to VOCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhentao Tang
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Analytical Testing Center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yixiang Duan
- Research Center of Analytical Instrumentation, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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557
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Szynkowska MI, Marcinek M, Pawlaczyk A, Albińska J. Human hair analysis in relation to similar environmental and occupational exposure. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 40:402-8. [PMID: 26247617 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2015] [Revised: 07/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/08/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to assess the influence of various factors on the elemental composition of the investigated hair samples. The studied population consisted of students of Faculty of Chemistry at Lodz University of Technology and included 95 subjects. The following elements: Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Sr, Pb were determined by inductively coupled plasma time-of-flight mass spectrometry ICP-TOF-MS. The obtained results were elaborated using Statistica ver. 10.0 software. Statistically significant differences were observed for the content of Cr, Li, Pb and Sr as the impact of sex, and Sr-as the effect of cosmetic treatment. Based on the calculated Spearman correlation coefficients, a statistically significant correlation between the concentration of pairs of metals were found for Pb=f(Co, Cr, Cu); Sr=f(Cu); Li=f(Cr), Cr=f(Li, Pb), Co=f(Pb) and Cu=f(Pb, Sr). A statistically negative correlation was obtained for Sr-Li. In the population two groups were distinguished: males and females; smokers and non-smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Iwona Szynkowska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland.
| | - Marta Marcinek
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Pawlaczyk
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
| | - Jadwiga Albińska
- Institute of General and Ecological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Lodz University of Technology, Żeromskiego 116, 90-924 Łódź, Poland
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558
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Wu H, Yoon M, Verner MA, Xue J, Luo M, Andersen ME, Longnecker MP, Clewell HJ. Can the observed association between serum perfluoroalkyl substances and delayed menarche be explained on the basis of puberty-related changes in physiology and pharmacokinetics? Environ Int 2015; 82:61-8. [PMID: 26043300 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 05/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An association between serum levels of two perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and delayed age at menarche was reported in a cross-sectional study of adolescents. Because perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) have half-lives of years, growth dilution and the development of a new route of excretion (menstruation) could account for some or all of the reported association. OBJECTIVES To assess how much of the epidemiologic association between PFAS and delayed menarche can be explained by the correlation of growth and maturation with PFAS body burden. METHODS We developed a Monte Carlo (MC) physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of PFAS to simulate plasma PFAS levels in a hypothetical female population aged 2 to 20years old. Realistic distributions of physiological parameters as well as timing of growth spurts and menarche were incorporated in the model. The association between PFAS level and delayed menarche in the simulated data was compared with the reported association. RESULTS The prevalence of menarche, distributions of age-dependent physiological parameters, and quartiles of serum PFAS concentrations in the simulated subjects were comparable to those reported in the epidemiologic study. The delay of menarche in days per natural log increase in PFAS concentrations in the simulated data were about one third as large as the observed values. CONCLUSION The reported relationship between PFAS and age at menarche appears to be at least partly explained by pharmacokinetics rather than a toxic effect of these substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huali Wu
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Miyoung Yoon
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Marc-André Verner
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, USA
| | - Jianping Xue
- US Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC, USA
| | - Man Luo
- The Hamner Institutes for Health Sciences, RTP, NC, USA
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559
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Novack L, Manor E, Gurevich E, Yitshak-Sade M, Landau D, Sarov B, Hershkovitz R, Dukler D, Vodonos T, Karakis I. Can cell proliferation of umbilical cord blood cells reflect environmental exposures? Springerplus 2015. [PMID: 26217549 PMCID: PMC4512979 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-015-1134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Environmental hazards were shown to have an impact on cell proliferation (CP). We investigated CP of lymphocytes in umbilical cord blood in relation to prenatal environmental exposures in a sample of 346 Arab-Bedouin women giving birth in a local hospital. Information on subjects' addresses at pregnancy, potential household exposures and demographical status was collected in an interview during hospitalization. This population is usually featured by high rates of neonatal morbidity and multiple environmental exposures, originating from the local industrial park (IP), household hazards and frequent male smoking. A geometric mean CP ratio 2.17 (2.06; 2.29), and was high in women residing in a direction of prevailing winds from the local IP (p value = 0.094) and who gave birth during fall-winter season (p value = 0.024). Women complaining on disturbing exposure to noise had lower CP (p value = 0.015), compared to other women. CP was not indicative of neonatal morbidity. However, our findings suggest that CP of umbilical cord might be modified by environmental exposures. A long-term follow-up of the children is required to assess their developmental outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Novack
- Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel ; Department of Public Health, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, P.O.B. 653, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Esther Manor
- Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel ; Genetic Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Elena Gurevich
- Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel ; Genetic Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Maayan Yitshak-Sade
- Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel ; Clinical Research Center, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Daniella Landau
- Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel ; Department of Neonatology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Batia Sarov
- Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Reli Hershkovitz
- Ultrasound Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Doron Dukler
- Obstetric Emergency Room and Delivery Wards, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Tali Vodonos
- Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel ; Genetic Institute, Soroka University Medical Center, Beersheba, Israel
| | - Isabella Karakis
- Faculty of Health Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beersheba, Israel ; Environmental Epidemiology Department, Ministry of Health, Jerusalem, Israel
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560
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Paoli D, Giannandrea F, Gallo M, Turci R, Cattaruzza MS, Lombardo F, Lenzi A, Gandini L. Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and hexachlorobenzene, semen quality and testicular cancer risk. J Endocrinol Invest 2015; 38:745-52. [PMID: 25770454 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-015-0251-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We carried out a case-control study to investigate the possible role of occupational and environmental exposure to endocrine disruptors in the onset of testicular cancer (TC). METHODS We evaluated 125 TC patients and 103 controls. Seminal fluid examination and organochlorine analysis were performed in all subjects. Cases and controls were also interviewed using a structured questionnaire to collect demographic information, residence, andrological medical history and dietary information. RESULTS We found that a higher level of reproductive tract birth defects was associated with a higher risk of TC. With regard to diet, cases reported a higher consumption of milk and dairy products than controls. Overall, there was a statistically significant increase in TC risk in cases with detectable values of total polychlorinated organic compounds against controls (14.4 vs. 1.0 %; p < 0.001). TC patients with detectable levels of organochlorines had lower mean semen parameters than those with undetectable levels, although this difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION The International Agency for Research on Cancer recently included dioxin-like polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Group 1 of known human carcinogens. Our study confirmed and identified various risk factors for testicular cancer: cryptorchidism, consumption of milk and dairy products, parents' occupation and serum concentration of hexachlorobenzene and PCBs and, for the first time, we showed the correlation between semen quality and the serum concentration of these pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Paoli
- Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - F Giannandrea
- Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - M Gallo
- Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - R Turci
- Laboratory for Environmental and Toxicological Testing, Salvatore Maugeri Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - M S Cattaruzza
- Department Public Health and Infection Disease, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - F Lombardo
- Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - A Lenzi
- Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - L Gandini
- Laboratory of Seminology-Sperm Bank, Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Viale del Policlinico 155, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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561
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Debes F, Weihe P, Grandjean P. Cognitive deficits at age 22 years associated with prenatal exposure to methylmercury. Cortex 2015; 74:358-69. [PMID: 26109549 DOI: 10.1016/j.cortex.2015.05.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 05/03/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Prenatal exposure to mercury has been associated with adverse effects on child neurodevelopment. The present study aims to determine the extent to which methylmercury-associated cognitive deficits persist into adult age. In a Faroese birth cohort originally formed in 1986-1987 (N = 1,022), prenatal methylmercury exposure was assessed in terms of the mercury concentration in cord blood and maternal hair. Clinical examinations of 847 cohort members at age 22 years were carried out in 2008-2009 using a panel of neuropsychological tests that reflected major functional domains. Subjects with neurological and psychiatric diagnoses were excluded from the data analysis, thus leaving 814 subjects. Multiple regression analysis included covariates previously identified for adjustment. Deficits in Boston Naming Test (BNT) and other tests of verbal performance were significantly associated with the cord-blood mercury concentration. Deficits were also present in all other tests applied, although most were not statistically significant. Structural equation models were developed to ascertain the possible differences in vulnerability of specific functional domains and the overall association with general intelligence. In models for individual domains, all of them showed negative associations, with crystallized intelligence being highly significant. A hierarchical model for general intelligence based on all domains again showed a highly significant negative association with the exposure, with an approximate deficit that corresponds to about 2.2 IQ points at a 10-fold increased prenatal methylmercury exposure. Thus, although the cognitive deficits observed were smaller than at examinations at younger ages, maternal diets with contaminated seafood were associated with adverse effects in this birth cohort at age 22 years. The deficits affected major domains of brain functions as well as general intelligence. Thus, prenatal exposure to this marine contaminant appears to cause permanent adverse effects on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frodi Debes
- Faroese Hospital System, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Pal Weihe
- Faroese Hospital System, Torshavn, Faroe Islands
| | - Philippe Grandjean
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Institute of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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562
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Silva MJ, Samandar E, Calafat AM, Ye X. Identification of di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHTP) metabolites using human liver microsomes for biomonitoring applications. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 29:716-21. [PMID: 25687528 PMCID: PMC4556272 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Di-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (DEHTP), a structural isomer of the plasticizer di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate (DEHP), is used in food packaging and medical devices, among other applications, and is a potential replacement for DEHP and other ortho-phthalate plasticizers. Identifying sensitive and specific biomarkers of DEHTP is necessary to assess humans' background exposure to DEHTP. Using mass spectrometry, we investigated the metabolism of DEHTP by human liver microsomes to identify in vitro DEHTP metabolites. We unequivocally identified terephthalic acid (TPA) and mono-2-ethylhydroxyhexyl terephthalate (MEHHTP), using authentic standards, and tentatively identified mono-2-ethylhexyl terephthalate (MEHTP) and two other oxidative metabolites of DEHTP: mono-2-ethyloxohexyl terephthalate (MEOHTP), and mono-2-ethyl-5-carboxypentyl terephthalate (MECPTP) from their mass spectrometry fragmentation patterns. We also evaluated the formation of in vitro metabolites of DEHP. DEHTP and DEHP produced similar metabolites, but their metabolite profiles differed considerably. DEHTP metabolized to form TPA, a metabolite of several terephthalates, as the major in vitro metabolite, followed by MEHTP, MEHHTP, MEOHTP and MECPTP. MEHTP, MEHHTP, MEOHTP and MECPTP, which are specific metabolites of DEHTP, may be suitable biomarkers for assessing exposure to DEHTP. Nonetheless, data on the urinary excretion fraction and temporal stability of these metabolites, among other considerations, are needed to demonstrate their utility as exposure biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manori J Silva
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States.
| | - Ella Samandar
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
| | - Antonia M Calafat
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
| | - Xiaoyun Ye
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30341, United States
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563
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Radwan M, Jurewicz J, Wielgomas B, Piskunowicz M, Sobala W, Radwan P, Jakubowski L, Hawuła W, Hanke W. The association between environmental exposure to pyrethroids and sperm aneuploidy. Chemosphere 2015; 128:42-8. [PMID: 25655817 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to determine whether the environmental exposure to pyrethroids was associated with males sperm chromosome disomy. The study population consisted of 195 men who attended the infertility clinic for diagnostic purposes and who had normal semen concentration of 20-300×10(6) mL(-1) or slight oligozoospermia (semen concentration of 15-20×10(6) mL(-1)) (WHO, 1999). Participants were interviewed and provided a semen sample. The pyrethroids metabolites: 3-phenoxybenzoic acid (3PBA), cis-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (CDCCA), trans-3-(2,2-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane carboxylic acid (TDCCA) and cis-2,2-dibromovinyl-2,2-dimethylcyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (DBCA) were analysed in the urine using a validated gas chromatography ion-tap mass spectrometry method. Sperm aneuploidy was assessed using multicolor FISH (DNA probes specific for chromosomes X, Y, 18, 13, 21). Our results showed that CDCCA >50th percentile was associated with disomy of chromosome 18 (p=0.05) whereas the level of TDCCA in urine >50th percentile was related to XY disomy (p=0.04) and disomy of chromosome 21 (p=0.05). Urinary 3PBA level ⩽50 and >50 percentile was related to disomy of sex chromosomes: XY disomy (p=0.05 and p=0.02 respectively), Y disomy (p=0.04 and 0.02 respectively), disomy of chromosome 21 (p=0.04 and p=0.04 respectively) and total disomy (p=0.03 and p=0.04 respectively). Additionally disomy of chromosome 18 was positively associated with urinary level of 3PBA >50 percentile (p=0.03). The results reported here are found that pyrethroids may be a sperm aneugens. These findings may be of concern due to increased pyrethroid use and prevalent human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Radwan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproduction, "Gameta" Hospital, 34/36 Rudzka St, 95-030 Rzgów, Poland.
| | - Joanna Jurewicz
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362 Lodz, Poland.
| | - Bartosz Wielgomas
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera St, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Marta Piskunowicz
- Department of Toxicology, Medical University of Gdańsk, 107 Hallera St, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Wojciech Sobala
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362 Lodz, Poland
| | - Paweł Radwan
- Department of Gynecology and Reproduction, "Gameta" Hospital, 34/36 Rudzka St, 95-030 Rzgów, Poland
| | - Lucjusz Jakubowski
- Department of Medical Genetics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital, Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wanda Hawuła
- Department of Medical Genetics, Polish Mother's Memorial Hospital, Research Institute, 281/289 Rzgowska St, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Hanke
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 8 Teresy St, 91-362 Lodz, Poland
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564
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Ryu HW, Lee DH, Won HR, Kim KH, Seong YJ, Kwon SH. Influence of toxicologically relevant metals on human epigenetic regulation. Toxicol Res 2015; 31:1-9. [PMID: 25874027 PMCID: PMC4395649 DOI: 10.5487/tr.2015.31.1.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 03/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Environmental toxicants such as toxic metals can alter epigenetic regulatory features such as DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA expression. Heavy metals influence gene expression by epigenetic mechanisms and by directly binding to various metal response elements in the target gene promoters. Given the role of epigenetic alterations in regulating genes, there is potential for the integration of toxic metal-induced epigenetic alterations as informative factors in the risk assessment process. Here, we focus on recent advances in understanding epigenetic changes, gene expression, and biological effects induced by toxic metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Wook Ryu
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Dong Hoon Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hye-Rim Won
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Kyeong Hwan Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Yun Jeong Seong
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - So Hee Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
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565
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Hodgson S, Lurz PWW, Shirley MDF, Bythell M, Rankin J. Exposure misclassification due to residential mobility during pregnancy. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2015; 218:414-21. [PMID: 25845985 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Pregnant women are a highly mobile group, yet studies suggest exposure error due to migration in pregnancy is minimal. We aimed to investigate the impact of maternal residential mobility on exposure to environmental variables (urban fabric, roads and air pollution (PM10 and NO₂)) and socio-economic factors (deprivation) that varied spatially and temporally. METHODS We used data on residential histories for deliveries at ≥ 24 weeks gestation recorded by the Northern Congenital Abnormality Survey, 2000-2008 (n=5399) to compare: (a) exposure at conception assigned to maternal postcode at delivery versus maternal postcode at conception, and (b) exposure at conception assigned to maternal postcode at delivery versus mean exposure based on residences throughout pregnancy. RESULTS In this population, 24.4% of women moved during pregnancy. Depending on the exposure variable assessed, 1-12% of women overall were assigned an exposure at delivery >1 SD different to that at conception, and 2-25% assigned an exposure at delivery >1 SD different to the mean exposure throughout pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS To meaningfully explore the subtle associations between environmental exposures and health, consideration must be given to error introduced by residential mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Hodgson
- MRC-PHE Centre for Environment & Health, Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Imperial College London, United Kingdom; Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Peter W W Lurz
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom.
| | - Mark D F Shirley
- School of Biology, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Mary Bythell
- Regional Maternity Survey Office, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
| | - Judith Rankin
- Institute of Health & Society, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Regional Maternity Survey Office, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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566
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Chen X, Zhou H, Li X, Wang Z, Zhu G, Jin T. Effects of lead and cadmium co-exposure on hemoglobin in a Chinese population. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2015; 39:758-763. [PMID: 25727170 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2015.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) show adverse effects on hemoglobin. But most studies are focussed on one single agent. In this study, we observed the main and interactive effects of Cd and Pb on the hemoglobin level in a Chinese population. A total of 308 persons (202 women and 106 men), living in controlled and polluted areas, were included in this study. Blood and urine were collected to determine the levels of hemoglobin (Hb), Cd, Pb, and urinary N-acetyl-β-D-glucosaminidase (UNAG). The Cd and Pb level of subjects living in the polluted area were significantly higher compared to those living in the control area (p<0.05). The level of hemoglobin was declined with the increasing BPb (p<0.05) and BCd in women. The Hb of women and men with the highest level of BCd and BPb were decreased by 8.3g/L and 10.7 g/L compared to those with the lowest level of BCd and BPb, respectively. The Hb level of those women and men with the highest level of UNAG decreased by 4.2g/L and 17.2g/L compared with those with low level of UNAG, respectively. Hb was negatively associated with BPb, BCd, and UNAG. This study evidenced that Cd and Pb can influence Hb level. In addition, our study shows that Cd and Pb may have interactive effects on Hb and Hb level was correlated with tubular dysfunction caused by Cd and Pb exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Chen
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
| | - Hao Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiaoshuang Li
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhongqiu Wang
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Guoying Zhu
- Institute of Radiation Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Taiyi Jin
- Department of Occupational Medicine, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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567
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Zhang L, Samad A, Pombo-de-Oliveira MS, Scelo G, Smith MT, Feusner J, Wiemels JL, Metayer C. Global characteristics of childhood acute promyelocytic leukemia. Blood Rev 2015; 29:101-25. [PMID: 25445717 PMCID: PMC4379131 DOI: 10.1016/j.blre.2014.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2014] [Revised: 09/21/2014] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) comprises approximately 5-10% of childhood acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cases in the US. While variation in this percentage among other populations was noted previously, global patterns of childhood APL have not been thoroughly characterized. In this comprehensive review of childhood APL, we examined its geographic pattern and the potential contribution of environmental factors to observed variation. In 142 studies (spanning >60 countries) identified, variation was apparent-de novo APL represented from 2% (Switzerland) to >50% (Nicaragua) of childhood AML in different geographic regions. Because a limited number of previous studies addressed specific environmental exposures that potentially underlie childhood APL development, we gathered 28 childhood cases of therapy-related APL, which exemplified associations between prior exposures to chemotherapeutic drugs/radiation and APL diagnosis. Future population-based studies examining childhood APL patterns and the potential association with specific environmental exposures and other risk factors are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Zhang
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
| | - A Samad
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
| | - M S Pombo-de-Oliveira
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology Program, Research Center-National Institute of Cancer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - G Scelo
- International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), Lyon, France.
| | - M T Smith
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
| | - J Feusner
- Department of Hematology, Children's Hospital and Research Center Oakland, Oakland, USA.
| | - J L Wiemels
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
| | - C Metayer
- School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, USA.
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568
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Mensi C, Riboldi L, De Matteis S, Bertazzi PA, Consonni D. Impact of an asbestos cement factory on mesothelioma incidence: global assessment of effects of occupational, familial, and environmental exposure. Environ Int 2015; 74:191-9. [PMID: 25454236 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/20/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Few studies have examined the incidence of malignant mesothelioma (MM) associated with distinct sources of asbestos exposure (occupational, familial, or environmental). We assessed the impact of asbestos exposure-global and by source-on the incidence of MM in Broni, an Italian town in which an asbestos cement factory once operated (1932-1993). Based on data collected by the Lombardy Mesothelioma Registry, we calculated the number of observed and expected MM cases among workers, their cohabitants, and people living in the area in 2000-2011. We identified 147 MM cases (17.45 expected), 138 pleural and nine peritoneal, attributable to exposure to asbestos from the factory. Thirty-eight cases had past occupational exposure at the factory (2.33 expected), numbering 32 men (26 pleural, six peritoneal) and six women (four pleural, two peritoneal). In the families of the workers, there were 37 MM cases (4.23 expected), numbering five men (all pleural) and 32 women (31 pleural, one peritoneal). Among residents in Broni or in the adjacent/surrounding towns, there were 72 cases of pleural MM (10.89 expected), numbering 23 men and 49 women. The largest MM excess was found in the towns of Broni (48 observed, 3.68 expected) and Stradella (16 observed, 1.85 expected). This study documents the large impact of the asbestos cement factory, with about 130 excess MM cases in a 12-year period. The largest MM burden was among women, from non-occupational exposure. Almost half of the MM cases were attributable to environmental exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mensi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Luciano Riboldi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara De Matteis
- National Heart & Lung Institute, Respiratory Epidemiology, Occupational Medicine and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK.
| | - Pier Alberto Bertazzi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.
| | - Dario Consonni
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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569
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Lee GH, Malietzis G, Askari A, Bernardo D, Al-Hassi HO, Clark SK. Is right-sided colon cancer different to left-sided colorectal cancer? - a systematic review. Eur J Surg Oncol. 2015;41:300-308. [PMID: 25468456 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) exhibits differences in incidence, pathogenesis, molecular pathways and outcome depending on the location of the tumor. This review focuses on the latest developments in epidemiological and scientific studies, which have enhanced our understanding on the underlying genetic and immunological differences between the proximal (right-sided) colon and the distal (left-sided) colorectum. The different ways in which environmental risk factors influence the pathogenesis of CRC depending on its location and the variations in surgical and oncological outcomes are also discussed in this review. In the current era of personalized medicine, we aim to reiterate the importance of tumor location in management of CRC and the implication on future clinical and scientific research.
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570
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Salas LA, Gracia-Lavedan E, Goñi F, Moreno V, Villanueva CM. Use of urinary trichloroacetic acid as an exposure biomarker of disinfection by-products in cancer studies. Environ Res 2014; 135:276-284. [PMID: 25462676 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Revised: 09/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Urinary trichloroacetic acid (TCAA) has been proposed as a valid exposure biomarker for ingested disinfection by-products (DBP) for reproductive studies. However, it has never been used in epidemiologic studies on cancer. We investigate the performance of urinary TCAA as a biomarker of DBP exposure in the framework of an epidemiologic study on cancer. We conducted home visits to collect tap water, first morning void urine, and a 48h fluid intake diary among 120 controls from a case-control study of colorectal cancer in Barcelona, Spain. We measured urine TCAA and creatinine, and 9 haloacetic acids and 4 trihalomethanes (THM) in tap water. Lifetime THM exposure was estimated based on residential history since age 18 plus routine monitoring data. Robust linear regressions were used to estimate mean change in urinary TCAA adjusted by covariates. Among the studied group, mean age was 74 years (range 63-85) and 41 (34%) were females. Mean total tap water consumption was 2.2l/48h (standard error, 0.1l/48h). Geometric mean urine TCAA excretion rate was 17.3pmol/min [95%CI: 14.0-21.3], which increased 2% for a 10% increase in TCAA ingestion and decreased with total tap water consumption (-17%/l), water intake outside home (-32%), plasmatic volume (-64%/l), in smokers (-79%), and in users of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (-50%). Urinary TCAA levels were not associated with lifetime THM exposure. In conclusion, our findings support that urine TCAA is not a valid biomarker in case-control studies of adult cancer given that advanced age, comorbidites and medication use are prevalent and are determinants of urine TCAA levels, apart from ingested TCAA levels. In addition, low TCAA concentrations in drinking water limit the validity of urine TCAA as an exposure biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas A Salas
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Gracia-Lavedan
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Goñi
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; Basque Laboratory of Health, Gipuzkoa, Spain; BioDonostia Health Research Institute, Spain
| | - Victor Moreno
- Catalan Institute of Oncology (ICO), Spain; Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Spain; University of Barcelona (UB), Spain
| | - Cristina M Villanueva
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Doctor Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain; CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain; IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Spain.
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571
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Araújo-Martins J, Carreiro Martins P, Viegas J, Aelenei D, Cano M, Teixeira J, Paixão P, Papoila A, Leiria-Pinto P, Pedro C, Rosado-Pinto J, Annesi-Maesano I, Neuparth N. Environment and Health in Children Day Care Centres (ENVIRH) - Study rationale and protocol. Rev Port Pneumol (2006) 2014; 20:311-323. [PMID: 32288977 PMCID: PMC7110969 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppnen.2014.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor air quality (IAQ) is considered an important determinant of human health. The association between exposure to volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, house dust mite, molds and bacteria in day care centers (DCC) is not completely clear. The aim of this project was to study these effects. METHODS – STUDY DESIGN This study comprised two phases. Phase I included an evaluation of 45 DCCs (25 from Lisbon and 20 from Oporto, targeting 5161 children). In this phase, building characteristics, indoor CO2 and air temperature/relative humidity, were assessed. A children's respiratory health questionnaire derived from the ISAAC (International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Children) was also distributed. Phase II encompassed two evaluations and included 20 DCCs selected from phase I after a cluster analysis (11 from Lisbon and 9 from Oporto, targeting 2287 children). In this phase, data on ventilation, IAQ, thermal comfort parameters, respiratory and allergic health, airway inflammation biomarkers, respiratory virus infection patterns and parental and child stress were collected. RESULTS In Phase I, building characteristics, occupant behavior and ventilation surrogates were collected from all DCCs. The response rate of the questionnaire was 61.7% (3186 children).Phase II included 1221 children. Association results between DCC characteristics, IAQ and health outcomes will be provided in order to support recommendations on IAQ and children's health. A building ventilation model will also be developed. DISCUSSION This paper outlines methods that might be implemented by other investigators conducting studies on the association between respiratory health and indoor air quality at DCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Araújo-Martins
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P. Carreiro Martins
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. Viegas
- Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Avenida do Brasil, 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D. Aelenei
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - M.M. Cano
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge – Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J.P. Teixeira
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge – Porto, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Oporto, Portugal
| | - P. Paixão
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A.L. Papoila
- Departamento de Bioestatística e Informática, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Ceaul, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P. Leiria-Pinto
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C. Pedro
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J. Rosado-Pinto
- Hospital da Luz, Avenida Lusíada, 100, 1500-650 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - I. Annesi-Maesano
- INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe EPAR (Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases), F-75013 Paris, France
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d’Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe EPAR, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - N. Neuparth
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
- Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
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572
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Brown FR, Whitehead TP, Park JS, Metayer C, Petreas MX. Levels of non-polybrominated diphenyl ether brominated flame retardants in residential house dust samples and fire station dust samples in California. Environ Res 2014; 135:9-14. [PMID: 25261858 PMCID: PMC4262617 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Revised: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 08/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Eleven novel brominated flame retardants (NBFRs) were analyzed in dust samples from California homes as a part of the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study (NCCLS) and from the living quarters of California fire stations as a part of the Firefighter Occupational Exposure (FOX) study using high resolution gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. The eleven NBFRs were α- and β-1,2-dibromo-4-(1,2-dibromoethyl)cyclohexane (α- and β-DBE-DBCH), 2-bromoallyl 2,3,6-tribromophenylether (BATE), pentabromotoluene (PBT), pentabromoethylbenzene (PBEB), 2,3-dibromopropyl 2,4,6-tribromophenyl ether (TBP-DBPE), hexabromobenzene (HBB), 2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate (EH-TBB), 1,2-bis(2,4,6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE), bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (BEH-TEBP), and decabromodiphenylethane (DBDPE). Six of the seven NBFRs that are produced in relatively small quantities (i.e., α-, β-DBE-DBCH, BATE, PBEB, PBT, TBP-DBPE) were measured close to or below the limit of quantitation (0.64 ng/g) in both the NCCLS and FOX samples, and the seventh, HBB, was measured at median concentrations of 1.85 ng/g and 9.40 ng/g in the NCCLS and FOX samples, respectively. The remaining four NBFRs, EH-TBB, BEH-TEBP, BTBPE, and DBDPE, are produced in higher quantities, and were detected at median concentrations of 337 ng/g, 186 ng/g, 22.3 ng/g, and 82.8 ng/g, respectively in the NCCLS samples, and at median concentrations of 2687 ng/g, 2076 ng/g, 28.4 ng/g, and 161 ng/g, respectively, in the FOX samples. Concentrations of NBFRs in the NCCLS and FOX dust samples were several times lower than concentrations of PBDEs previously measured in the same samples. Concentrations of NBFRs in the NCCLS and FOX dust samples were generally comparable to concentrations of NBFRs in other studies of house dust from the US and Canada.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Reber Brown
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Avenue Suite 100, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA.
| | - Todd P Whitehead
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - June-Soo Park
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Avenue Suite 100, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
| | - Catherine Metayer
- School of Public Health, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Myrto X Petreas
- Environmental Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Toxic Substances Control, 700 Heinz Avenue Suite 100, Berkeley, CA 94710, USA
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573
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Araújo-Martins J, Carreiro Martins P, Viegas J, Aelenei D, Cano MM, Teixeira JP, Paixão P, Papoila AL, Leiria-Pinto P, Pedro C, Rosado-Pinto J, Annesi-Maesano I, Neuparth N. Environment and Health in Children Day Care Centres (ENVIRH) - Study rationale and protocol. Rev Port Pneumol 2014; 20:311-23. [PMID: 24746462 PMCID: PMC7126211 DOI: 10.1016/j.rppneu.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 01/06/2014] [Accepted: 02/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indoor air quality (IAQ) is considered an important determinant of human health. The association between exposure to volatile organic compounds, particulate matter, house dust mite, molds and bacteria in day care centers (DCC) is not completely clear. The aim of this project was to study these effects. METHODS - STUDY DESIGN This study comprised two phases. Phase I included an evaluation of 45 DCCs (25 from Lisbon and 20 from Oporto, targeting 5161 children). In this phase, building characteristics, indoor CO2 and air temperature/relative humidity, were assessed. A children's respiratory health questionnaire derived from the ISAAC (International Study on Asthma and Allergies in Children) was also distributed. Phase II encompassed two evaluations and included 20 DCCs selected from phase I after a cluster analysis (11 from Lisbon and 9 from Oporto, targeting 2287 children). In this phase, data on ventilation, IAQ, thermal comfort parameters, respiratory and allergic health, airway inflammation biomarkers, respiratory virus infection patterns and parental and child stress were collected. RESULTS In Phase I, building characteristics, occupant behavior and ventilation surrogates were collected from all DCCs. The response rate of the questionnaire was 61.7% (3186 children). Phase II included 1221 children. Association results between DCC characteristics, IAQ and health outcomes will be provided in order to support recommendations on IAQ and children's health. A building ventilation model will also be developed. DISCUSSION This paper outlines methods that might be implemented by other investigators conducting studies on the association between respiratory health and indoor air quality at DCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Araújo-Martins
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal.
| | - P Carreiro Martins
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Viegas
- Laboratório Nacional de Engenharia Civil, Avenida do Brasil, 101, 1700-066 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - D Aelenei
- Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - M M Cano
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge - Lisboa, Avenida Padre Cruz, 1649-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J P Teixeira
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde Dr. Ricardo Jorge - Porto, Rua Alexandre Herculano, 321, 4000-055 Oporto, Portugal
| | - P Paixão
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - A L Papoila
- Departamento de Bioestatística e Informática, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Ceaul, Portugal; Centro de Investigação, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - P Leiria-Pinto
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - C Pedro
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Rosado-Pinto
- Hospital da Luz, Avenida Lusíada, 100, 1500-650 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - I Annesi-Maesano
- INSERM, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe EPAR (Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases), F-75013 Paris, France; Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S 1136, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique, Equipe EPAR, F-75013 Paris, France
| | - N Neuparth
- CEDOC, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas (FCM), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Campo dos Mártires da Pátria, 130, 1169-056 Lisbon, Portugal; Serviço de Imunoalergologia, Hospital de Dona Estefânia, Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, EPE, Rua Jacinta Marto, 1169-045 Lisbon, Portugal
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574
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper tried to review a recent research trend for the environmental exposure of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) and its removal efficiency in the nanowaste treatment plants. METHODS The studies on the predicted environmental concentrations (PEC) of ENMs obtained by exposure modeling and treatment (or removal) efficiency in nanowaste treatment facilities, such as wastewater treatment plant (WTP) and waste incineration plant (WIP) were investigated. The studies on the landfill of nanowastes also were investigated. RESULTS The Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology group has led the way in developing methods for estimating ENM production and emissions. The PEC values are available for surface water, wastewater treatment plant effluents, biosolids, sediments, soils, and air. Based on the PEC modeling, the major routes for the environmental exposure of the ENMs were found as WTP effluents/sludge. The ENMs entered in the WTP were 90-99% removed and accumulated in the activated sludge and sludge cake. Additionally, the waste ash released from the WIP contain ENMs. Ultimately, landfills are the likely final destination of the disposed sludge or discarded ENMs products. CONCLUSIONS Although the removal efficiency of the ENMs using nanowaste treatment facilities is acceptable, the ENMs were accumulated on the sludge and then finally moved to the landfill. Therefore, the monitoring for the ENMs in the environment where the WTP effluent is discharged or biomass disposed is required to increase our knowledge on the fate and transport of the ENMs and to prevent the unintentional exposure (release) in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Younghun Kim
- Correspondence: Younghun Kim, PhD 20 Gwangun-ro, Nowon-gu, Seoul 139-701, Korea Tel: +82-2-940-5768 Fax: +82-2-941-5769
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575
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Tsyrkunou AV, Ellison RT, Akalin A, Wiederhold N, Sutton DA, Lindner J, Fan H, Levitz SM, Zivna I. Multifocal Rhizopus microsporus lung infection following brush clearing. Med Mycol Case Rep 2014; 6:14-7. [PMID: 25379391 PMCID: PMC4216322 DOI: 10.1016/j.mmcr.2014.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We report a case of pulmonary Rhizopus microsporus infection in a patient with untreated diabetes following brush clearing. The patient was successfully treated with a combined medical and surgical approach with complete resolution of the lung lesions and remains asymptomatic at 11-month follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artsiom V. Tsyrkunou
- Infectious Disease and Immunology Department, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Richard T. Ellison
- UMass Memorial Medical Center – Memorial Campus, 119 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Ali Akalin
- Department of Pathology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue North, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Nathan Wiederhold
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Deanna A. Sutton
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Jonathan Lindner
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Hongxin Fan
- Fungus Testing Laboratory, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, San Antonio, TX 78229, USA
| | - Stuart M. Levitz
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, LRB 317, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Iva Zivna
- UMass Memorial Medical Center – Memorial Campus, 119 Belmont Street, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
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576
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Paulose T, Speroni L, Sonnenschein C, Soto AM. Estrogens in the wrong place at the wrong time: Fetal BPA exposure and mammary cancer. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 54:58-65. [PMID: 25277313 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2014.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2014] [Revised: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Iatrogenic gestational exposure to diethylstilbestrol (DES) induced alterations of the genital tract and predisposed individuals to develop clear cell carcinoma of the vagina as well as breast cancer later in life. Gestational exposure of rodents to a related compound, the xenoestrogen bisphenol-A (BPA) increases the propensity to develop mammary cancer during adulthood, long after cessation of exposure. Exposure to BPA during gestation induces morphological alterations in both the stroma and the epithelium of the fetal mammary gland at 18 days of age. We postulate that the primary target of BPA is the fetal stroma, the only mammary tissue expressing estrogen receptors during fetal life. BPA would then alter the reciprocal stroma-epithelial interactions that mediate mammogenesis. In addition to this direct effect on the mammary gland, BPA is postulated to affect the hypothalamus and thus in turn affect the regulation of mammotropic hormones at puberty and beyond.
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MESH Headings
- Age Factors
- Animals
- Benzhydryl Compounds/toxicity
- Breast Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cell Communication/drug effects
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/chemically induced
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/metabolism
- Cell Transformation, Neoplastic/pathology
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endocrine Disruptors/toxicity
- Epithelial Cells/drug effects
- Epithelial Cells/metabolism
- Epithelial Cells/pathology
- Estrogens/toxicity
- Female
- Gestational Age
- Humans
- Hypothalamus/drug effects
- Hypothalamus/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Animal/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Animal/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Animal/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Human/drug effects
- Mammary Glands, Human/growth & development
- Mammary Glands, Human/metabolism
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Maternal Exposure/adverse effects
- Phenols/toxicity
- Pregnancy
- Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Stromal Cells/drug effects
- Stromal Cells/metabolism
- Stromal Cells/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessie Paulose
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
| | - Lucia Speroni
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
| | - Carlos Sonnenschein
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
| | - Ana M Soto
- Department of Integrative Physiology and Pathobiology, Tufts University School of Medicine, 136 Harrison Avenue, Boston, MA 02111, United States.
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577
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Yolton K, Cornelius M, Ornoy A, McGough J, Makris S, Schantz S. Exposure to neurotoxicants and the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and its related behaviors in childhood. Neurotoxicol Teratol 2014; 44:30-45. [PMID: 24846602 DOI: 10.1016/j.ntt.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this manuscript is to review the literature to determine evidence of associations between exposure to prenatal and postnatal environmental agents and the development of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and related behaviors. A review of published research literature was conducted on associations between exposures to prenatal and postnatal cigarette smoke, prenatal exposure to alcohol, cocaine, and heroin, childhood exposure to lead, and prenatal exposure to organophosphate pesticides and outcomes of ADHD or behaviors related to ADHD. Review of the literature in these areas provides some evidence of associations between each of the exposures and ADHD-related behaviors, with the strongest evidence from prenatal cigarette and alcohol exposure and postnatal lead exposure. However, research on each exposure also produced evidence of weaknesses in these hypothesized links due to imprecise research methodologies and issues of confounding and inaccurate covariate adjustment. More rigorous studies are needed to provide definitive evidence of associations between each of these prenatal or postnatal exposures and the development of ADHD or symptoms of ADHD. Future studies need to clarify the underlying mechanisms between these exposures and the increased risk for ADHD and associated behaviors. More research is also needed utilizing study designs that include genetic information, as ADHD is highly heritable and there appear to be some protective mechanisms offered by certain genetic characteristics as evidenced in gene by environmental studies. Finally, while studies focusing on individual drugs and chemicals are an important first step, we cannot ignore the fact that children are exposed to combinations of drugs and chemicals, which can interact in complex ways with each other, as well as with the child's genetic makeup and psychosocial environment to influence ADHD risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly Yolton
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, ML 7035, Cincinnati, OH 45229-3039, United States.
| | - Marie Cornelius
- University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Asher Ornoy
- Hebrew University Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - James McGough
- Semel Institute for Neuroscience & Human Behavior, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 1524C, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States; David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California, Los Angeles, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 1524C, 300 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 1524C, Los Angeles, CA 90095, United States
| | - Susan Makris
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, National Center for Environmental Assessment, 1200 Pennsylvania Avenue, NW, Mailcode 8623P, Washington, DC 20460, United States
| | - Susan Schantz
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61802, United States
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578
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Viana GFDS, de Carvalho CF, Nunes LS, Rodrigues JLG, Ribeiro NS, de Almeida DA, Ferreira JRD, Abreu N, Menezes-Filho JA. Noninvasive biomarkers of manganese exposure and neuropsychological effects in environmentally exposed adults in Brazil. Toxicol Lett 2014; 231:169-78. [PMID: 24992226 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Revised: 05/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Manganese (Mn), an essential element to humans, in excess can cause neurotoxic damage. So far, Mn exposure assessment has no ideal biomarker. This study aims to investigate the association between Mn exposure, using noninvasive biomarkers, and neuropsychological effects in environmentally exposed adults. The residents of two communities near to a ferromanganese refinery in Bahia, Brazil were evaluated. Volunteers aged 15-55 of both sexes provided scalp hair, axillary hair, fingernail and saliva specimens for Mn determination by electrothermal absorption spectrometry. Several neuropsychological tests were used to evaluate cognitive, attention, memory, motor and executive functions. Significant correlations were observed between Mn in hair (MnH, median 8.95 μg/g), axillary hair (MnAxH,18.49 μg/g) and fingernail (MnFN, 6.91 μg/g) with the performances in several neuropsychological tests. No association was observed between manganese levels in saliva (MnSal, 4.2 μg/L) and any neuropsychological function. Multiple regression analysis detected an inverse association between Log MnH and IQ (β=-4.76 [CI 95% -9.17 to -0.36]) and between Log MnFN and visual working memory (β=-3.33 [CI 95% -6.15 to -0.52]). Direct association was observed between Log MnFN and time of completion in the cognitive flexibility task (β=56.29 [CI 95% 2.41-110.18]). The Mn biomonitoring using noninvasive biomarkers was able to detect high exposure levels, which were associated with detrimental neuropsychological effects in adults exposed to industrial emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chrissie F de Carvalho
- Graduate Program in Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Lorena S Nunes
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Juliana L G Rodrigues
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Nathália S Ribeiro
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - Diego A de Almeida
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Neander Abreu
- Graduate Program in Psychology, Institute of Psychology, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil
| | - José A Menezes-Filho
- Graduate Program in Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Federal University of Bahia, Brazil.
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579
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Patel CJ, Yang T, Hu Z, Wen Q, Sung J, El-Sayed YY, Cohen H, Gould J, Stevenson DK, Shaw GM, Ling XB, Butte AJ. Investigation of maternal environmental exposures in association with self-reported preterm birth. Reprod Toxicol 2014; 45:1-7. [PMID: 24373932 PMCID: PMC4316205 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Identification of maternal environmental factors influencing preterm birth risks is important to understand the reasons for the increase in prematurity since 1990. Here, we utilized a health survey, the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to search for personal environmental factors associated with preterm birth. 201 urine and blood markers of environmental factors, such as allergens, pollutants, and nutrients were assayed in mothers (range of N: 49-724) who answered questions about any children born preterm (delivery <37 weeks). We screened each of the 201 factors for association with any child born preterm adjusting by age, race/ethnicity, education, and household income. We attempted to verify the top finding, urinary bisphenol A, in an independent study of pregnant women attending Lucile Packard Children's Hospital. We conclude that the association between maternal urinary levels of bisphenol A and preterm birth should be evaluated in a larger epidemiological investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chirag J Patel
- Center for Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Zhongkai Hu
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Qiaojun Wen
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Joyce Sung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Yasser Y El-Sayed
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Harvey Cohen
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Gould
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - David K Stevenson
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Gary M Shaw
- Division of Neonatal and Developmental Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Xuefeng Bruce Ling
- Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Atul J Butte
- Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA; Lucile Packard Children's Hospital, Palo Alto, CA, USA.
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580
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Kouassi B, Horo K, Godé C, Ahui B, Kouassi MN, Achi V, Anon JC, Koffi N, N'Gom A, Aka-Danguy E, Koffi MO, Itchy M, Koné K, Manewa S. [Clinical manifestations in patients exposed to an environmental toxic accident (Abidjan, Ivory Coast 2006)]. Rev Mal Respir 2014; 32:38-47. [PMID: 25618203 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmr.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In 2006, 528 tons of petroleum toxic waste have been released in Abidjan (Ivory Coast) during a major environmental accident. This study was aimed to describe the clinical manifestations provoked by these toxic waste. METHODS We have analysed the records of patients admitted to the university hospital of Cocody (Abidjan) following exposure to toxic waste. All the information were recorded on specific files or on notification files created by the physicians of the National Institute of Public Health, the authority charged with the supervision of this exercise. The files were completed by the physician in the course of the examination of the patient. RESULTS Over a period of 3-month-period, 10,598 patients were examined. The clinical manifestations affected all age groups. They were dominated by respiratory symptoms: pulmonary (74.5%) and upper respiratory (31.0%). Pulmonary symptoms included cough (48.8%), chest pain (37.9%), dyspnoea (9.5%) and a few cases of hemoptysis. Digestive symptoms mainly comprised abdominal pain (36.2%), diarrhea (23.0%), abdominal distension (19.9%) and vomiting (9.9%). The other symptoms were neurological, ophthalmic, cardiovascular and gynaecological. More than 96% of patients presented with at least two symptoms. The respiratory symptoms were significantly more frequent in patients over the age of 17 while diarrhea and vomiting were more often found in patients less than 17 years old. Chest pain was significantly more common in men while abdominal pain and vomiting predominated in women (P=0.001). CONCLUSION The clinical consequences of toxic waste exposure were varied and sometimes serious. A medium- and long-term evaluation of the subjects is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Kouassi
- Service de pneumologie, CHU de Cocody, BP V13, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - K Horo
- Service de pneumologie, CHU de Cocody, BP V13, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - C Godé
- Service de pneumologie, CHU de Cocody, BP V13, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - B Ahui
- Service de pneumologie, CHU de Cocody, BP V13, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - M N Kouassi
- Service de pneumologie, CHU de Cocody, BP V13, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - V Achi
- Service de pneumologie, CHU de Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - J-C Anon
- Service de pneumologie, CHU de Bouaké, Bouaké, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - N Koffi
- Service de pneumologie, CHU de Cocody, BP V13, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - A N'Gom
- Service de pneumologie, CHU de Cocody, BP V13, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - E Aka-Danguy
- Service de pneumologie, CHU de Cocody, BP V13, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - M O Koffi
- Service de pneumologie, CHU de Cocody, BP V13, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - M Itchy
- Service de pneumologie, CHU de Cocody, BP V13, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - K Koné
- Service de pneumologie, CHU de Cocody, BP V13, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - S Manewa
- Service de pneumologie, CHU de Cocody, BP V13, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
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581
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Boldrin A, Hansen SF, Baun A, Hartmann NIB, Astrup TF. Environmental exposure assessment framework for nanoparticles in solid waste. J Nanopart Res 2014; 16:2394. [PMID: 24944519 PMCID: PMC4053593 DOI: 10.1007/s11051-014-2394-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Information related to the potential environmental exposure of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in the solid waste management phase is extremely scarce. In this paper, we define nanowaste as separately collected or collectable waste materials which are or contain ENMs, and we present a five-step framework for the systematic assessment of ENM exposure during nanowaste management. The framework includes deriving EOL nanoproducts and evaluating the physicochemical properties of the nanostructure, matrix properties and nanowaste treatment processes as well as transformation processes and environment releases, eventually leading to a final assessment of potential ENM exposure. The proposed framework was applied to three selected nanoproducts: nanosilver polyester textile, nanoTiO2 sunscreen lotion and carbon nanotube tennis racquets. We found that the potential global environmental exposure of ENMs associated with these three products was an estimated 0.5-143 Mg/year, which can also be characterised qualitatively as medium, medium, low, respectively. Specific challenges remain and should be subject to further research: (1) analytical techniques for the characterisation of nanowaste and its transformation during waste treatment processes, (2) mechanisms for the release of ENMs, (3) the quantification of nanowaste amounts at the regional scale, (4) a definition of acceptable limit values for exposure to ENMs from nanowaste and (5) the reporting of nanowaste generation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Boldrin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Steffen Foss Hansen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Fruergaard Astrup
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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582
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Axmon A, Axelsson J, Jakobsson K, Lindh CH, Jönsson BAG. Time trends between 1987 and 2007 for perfluoroalkyl acids in plasma from Swedish women. Chemosphere 2014; 102:61-7. [PMID: 24440039 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 10/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/01/2013] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are a large group of chemicals which are highly persistent in both nature and humans. The use of the most prominent ones, perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), was reduced in the early 21st century, and since then levels in human matrices have decreased. However, these two compounds have been exchanged by other PFAAs, for which time trends have not been as extensively investigated. By the use of 80 plasma samples collected between 1987 and 2007 from healthy women (n=1-9 yearly for 1987-2001, n=15 from 2006, and n=10 from 2007), possible time trends of six PFAAs were assessed. Time trends were evaluated for the entire study period, as well as for three sub-periods. As seen in previous studies, levels of perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), PFOS, and PFOA peaked during the middle time period (1990-2000), with medians of 0.98 ng mL(-1), 18.06 ng mL(-1), and 3.73 ng mL(-1), respectively. However, levels of perfluorononanic acid (PFNA), perfluorodecanic acid (PFDA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA) increased over the whole study period and most markedly so after year 2000, with medians of 0.73 ng mL(-1), 0.28 ng mL(-1), and 0.24 ng mL(-1), respectively, during the last study period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Axmon
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Jonatan Axelsson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Kristina Jakobsson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian H Lindh
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
| | - Bo A G Jönsson
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Lund University, SE-221 85 Lund, Sweden
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583
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Ostrea EM, Villanueva-Uy E, Bielawski D, Birn S, Janisse JJ. Trends in long term exposure to propoxur and pyrethroids in young children in the Philippines. Environ Res 2014; 131:13-16. [PMID: 24637179 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Pesticides are neurotoxic and can adversely affect children's neurobehavioral outcome. Ongoing pesticide exposure has to be monitored in the study of long term outcome of pesticide adverse effects since changes in the type and amount of exposure can influence outcome. The aim of this paper is to describe the trend in long term pesticide exposure in children through the analysis of pesticides in their hair. PATIENTS AND METHODS As part of an NIH study on the long term effects of pesticide exposure in young children, ongoing exposure to pesticides was determined by the analysis of children's hair for propoxur and pyrethroids by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry at 2, 4 and 6 years of age. RESULTS There were significant changes in the prevalence and concentration of propoxur and pyrethroids in children's hair at 2, 4 and 6 years of age. At ages 2 and 4 years, the prevalence of propoxur exposure increased from 12.4% to 24.1% (p<0.001) but dramatically decreased to 1.7% at 6 years (p<0.001). For bioallethrin, the prevalence of exposure steadily increased from 2 years (0.7%, p<0.001) to 4 years (12.4%, p<0.001) and to 6 years (18.4% p<0.001). Exposure to transfluthrin significantly increased from 4 years (1.0%) to 6 years (9.2%, p<0.001). There were also significantly higher median concentrations of bioallethrin at 2 compared to 4 years and for propoxur at 2 years compared to 6 years. Between 4 and 6 years, there was a higher median concentration of propoxur at 4 compared to 6 years and for transfluthrin and bioallethrin, at 6 compared to 4 years. CONCLUSION Changes in the prevalence and concentration of exposure to propoxur and pyrethroids in children at 2, 4 and 6 years of age are related to the progress in ambulation of young children and to changes in the formulation of home spray pesticides. Thus, periodic monitoring of pesticide exposure is necessary when studying the long term effects of pesticide exposure in the neurodevelopment of young children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique M Ostrea
- Department of Pediatrics, Hutzel Women's Hospital, The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.
| | - Esterlita Villanueva-Uy
- Institute of Child Health and Human Development, University of the Philippines Manila, National Institutes of Health, Philippines
| | - Dawn Bielawski
- Department of Pediatrics, Hutzel Women's Hospital, The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Sarah Birn
- Department of Pediatrics, Hutzel Women's Hospital, The Carman and Ann Adams Department of Pediatrics, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - James J Janisse
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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584
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Dupouey J, Faucher B, Edouard S, Richet H, de Broucker CA, Marié JL, Kodjo A, Davoust B. Epidemiological investigation of a human leptospirosis case reported in a suburban area near Marseille. New Microbes New Infect 2014; 2:82-3. [PMID: 25356349 PMCID: PMC4184663 DOI: 10.1002/nmi2.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Leptospirosis has been re-emerging in both developed and developing countries, including in Europe, where the phenomenon has notably been associated with urban transmission. In this work, we describe an epidemiological investigation that demonstrated a case of human infection due to peri-urban transmission of Leptospira interrogans serovar icterohaemorrhagiae in southeastern France.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Dupouey
- Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire La Timone Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - B Faucher
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille Marseille, France
| | - S Edouard
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), CNRS UMR 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095 Aix-Marseille Université, Facultés de médecine et de pharmacie Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - H Richet
- Pôle des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Clinique et Biologique, Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire La Timone Marseille Cedex 05, France ; Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), CNRS UMR 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095 Aix-Marseille Université, Facultés de médecine et de pharmacie Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - C-A de Broucker
- Laboratoire des leptospires, Equipe PERS, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - J-L Marié
- Laboratoire des leptospires, Equipe PERS, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - A Kodjo
- Groupe de travail en épidémiologie animale du service de santé des armées Toulon Cedex 9, France
| | - B Davoust
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), CNRS UMR 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095 Aix-Marseille Université, Facultés de médecine et de pharmacie Marseille Cedex 05, France ; Laboratoire des leptospires, Equipe PERS, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon Marcy l'Etoile, France
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585
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Crépeaux G, Grova N, Bouillaud-Kremarik P, Sikhayeva N, Salquèbre G, Rychen G, Soulimani R, Appenzeller B, Schroeder H. Short-term effects of a perinatal exposure to a 16 polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon mixture in rats: assessment of early motor and sensorial development and cerebral cytochrome oxidase activity in pups. Neurotoxicology 2014; 43:90-101. [PMID: 24709092 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2014.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 03/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Humans are exposed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), a family of ubiquitous neurotoxic pollutants, mainly through ingestion of contaminated food. Developing organisms can be exposed also to PAHs due to the ability of these compounds to pass through the placental barrier as well as through the breast milk. Previous animal studies have reported that the exposure of rats to a 16 PAH mixture at environmental doses strictly limited to gestation did not induce any long-lasting consequences, whereas gestational and lactational PAH exposure induced long-term behavioral and cerebral metabolic effects. In the present study, short-term effects of exposures to the same PAH mixture during gestation, or during gestation and lactation, were assessed by evaluating motor and sensory development of rat pups, and by measuring cerebral cytochrome oxidase activity (a marker of energetic metabolism) in different brain areas. Brain levels of PAHs and some monohydroxylated metabolites were also evaluated in pups at birth and at 21 days of postnatal life. No significant short-term modifications of behavioral development and of cerebral metabolism were observed following an early PAH exposure whatever the dose and the period of exposure. Surprisingly, the same brain levels of concentration of PAHs and metabolites were observed in control and exposed pups in both studies. These analytical results raise the difficulty in overcoming environmental contamination of control animals and the choice of such controls in experimental studies which focus on neurotoxicity of exposure to low levels of pollutants.
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586
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Jang JY, Jo SN, Kim SY, Myung HN. Overview of the development of the Korean exposure factors handbook. J Prev Med Public Health 2014; 47:1-6. [PMID: 24570801 PMCID: PMC3930803 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2014.47.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A set of exposure factors that reflects the characteristics of individual behavior capable of influencing exposure is essential for risk and exposure assessment. In 2007, the Korean Exposure Factors Handbook was, therefore, issued, driven by the need to develop reliable exposure factors representing the Korean population. The purpose of this study was to overview the development process of the Korean Exposure Factors Handbook and major recommended exposure values for the Korean population to allow information exchanges and comparison of recommended values among nations. The researchers reviewed the domestic data that could be used in the development of exposure factors, confirmed a knowledge gap, and set a priority of development by phases. A methodology to measure exposure factors was established to develop measuring techniques and test their validity. Data were processed or a survey was conducted according to the availability of data. The study thus produced recommended values for 24 exposure factors grouped by general exposure factors, food ingestion factors, and activity factors by setting up a database of exposure factors and carrying out statistical analysis. The study has significantly contributed to reducing the potential uncertainty of the risk and exposure assessment derived by the application of foreign data or research findings lacking representativeness or grounds by developing a set of exposure factors reflecting the characteristics of the Korean people. It will be necessary to conduct revisions in light of the changing statistical values of national data and the exposure factors based on Korean characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yeon Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Soo-Nam Jo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyung-Nam Myung
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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587
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Saoudi A, Fréry N, Zeghnoun A, Bidondo ML, Deschamps V, Göen T, Garnier R, Guldner L. Serum levels of organochlorine pesticides in the French adult population: the French National Nutrition and Health Study (ENNS), 2006-2007. Sci Total Environ 2014; 472:1089-1099. [PMID: 24361744 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.11.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 11/08/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although most organochlorine (OC) pesticides were banned in France in the 1970s and 1980s, they remain a source of public concern. Because of their high persistence in the environment, they are still detected in foodstuffs, leading to continued human exposure. The purpose of this study was to assess the distribution of serum organochlorine (OC) pesticides in the French adult population and to identify the main risk factors for p,p'-dichlorodiphenyl dichlorethylene (DDE), β-hexachlorocyclohexane (β-HCH) and hexachlorobenzene (HCB). METHOD The selected OC pesticides (HCB, DDE, DDT, α-HCH, β-HCB and γ-HCH) were measured in serum samples collected in 2006-2007 from 386 persons (aged 18-74 years) randomly selected among the participants in the clinical and biological component of the French Nutrition and Health Survey (Etude Nationale Nutrition Santé [ENNS]), a cross-sectional survey carried out in the general population. Collected data included biological samples, socio-demographic characteristics, and data about environmental and occupational exposure factors. RESULTS Of the six OC pesticides investigated, the highest concentrations were observed for HCB, β-HCH and DDE. Median serum concentrations were as follows: 22.8 ng/g lipid for HCB, 0.74 and 27.0 ng/g lipid, respectively, for α- and ß-HCH, and 3.8 and 104.6 ng/g lipid, respectively, for DDT and DDE. Lindane (γ-HCH) was detected in approximately 10% of the sample. OC pesticide levels in serum in French adults were higher (except for DDT and DDE) than those observed in American, Canadian and German populations and generally lower than or in the same range as those observed in other European countries. The low serum DDT/DDE ratio in the present study (3.7%) would suggest that the concentrations observed for these two OC pesticides were mainly the result of past exposure. The most important predictors of serum DDE, HCB and β-HCH concentrations among the French adult population included individual factors (age, gender, BMI, etc.), dietary factors of animal and vegetable origin, and domestic use of pesticides (in vegetable gardens and/or fruit trees). CONCLUSION For the first time in France, a human biomonitoring study has shown that exposure to OC pesticides remains common in the population. French concentrations were higher (except for DDT and DDE) or were similar to those observed in other developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdessattar Saoudi
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Department of Environmental Health, Saint-Maurice, France.
| | - Nadine Fréry
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Department of Environmental Health, Saint-Maurice, France.
| | - Abdelkrim Zeghnoun
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Department of Environmental Health, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Marie-Laure Bidondo
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Department of Environmental Health, Saint-Maurice, France
| | - Valérie Deschamps
- Nutritional Surveillance and Epidemiology Unit, French Institute for Public Health Surveillance-University of Paris 13, Bobigny, France
| | - Thomas Göen
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany
| | | | - Laurence Guldner
- French Institute for Public Health Surveillance, Department of Environmental Health, Saint-Maurice, France
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588
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Jang JY, Kim SY, Kim SJ, Lee KE, Cheong HK, Kim EH, Choi KH, Kim YH. General factors of the Korean exposure factors handbook. J Prev Med Public Health 2014; 47:7-17. [PMID: 24570802 PMCID: PMC3930810 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2014.47.1.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Risk assessment considers the situations and characteristics of the exposure environment and host. Various physiological variables of the human body reflects the characteristics of the population that can directly influence risk exposure. Therefore, identification of exposure factors based on the Korean population is required for appropriate risk assessment. It is expected that a handbook about general exposure factors will be used by professionals in many fields as well as the risk assessors of the health department. The process of developing the exposure factors handbook for the Korean population will be introduced in this article, with a specific focus on the general exposure factors including life expectancy, body weight, surface area, inhalation rates, amount of water intake, and soil ingestion targeting the Korean population. The researchers used national databases including the Life Table and the 2005 Time Use Survey from the National Statistical Office. The anthropometric study of size in Korea used the resources provided by the Korean Agency for Technology and Standards. In addition, direct measurement and questionnaire surveys of representative samples were performed to calculate the inhalation rate, drinking water intake, and soil ingestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yeon Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sun-Ja Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hae-Kwan Cheong
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Eun-Hye Kim
- Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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589
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Jang JY, Jo SN, Kim SY, Lee KE, Choi KH, Kim YH. Activity factors of the Korean exposure factors handbook. J Prev Med Public Health 2014; 47:27-35. [PMID: 24570804 PMCID: PMC3930805 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2014.47.1.27] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure factors based on the Korean population are required for making appropriate risk assessment. It is expected that handbooks for exposure factors will be applied in many fields, as well as by health department risk assessors. The present article describes the development of an exposure factors handbook that specifically focuses on human activities in situations involving the possible risk of exposure to environmental contaminants. We define majour exposure factors that represent behavioral patterns for risk assessment, including time spent on routine activities, in different places, on using transportation, and engaged in activities related to water contact including swimming, bathing and washing. Duration of residence and employment are also defined. National survey data were used to identify recommended levels of exposure factors in terms of time spent on routine activities and period of residence and employment. An online survey was conducted with 2073 subjects who were selected using a stratified random sampling method in order to develop a list of exposure factors for the time spent in different places and in performing water-related activities. We provide the statistical distribution of the variables, and report reference levels of average exposure based on the reliable data in our exposure factors handbook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Yeon Jang
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Soo-Nam Jo
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - So-Yeon Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Eun Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Choi
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Hee Kim
- Graduate School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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590
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Rico A, Van den Brink PJ. Probabilistic risk assessment of veterinary medicines applied to four major aquaculture species produced in Asia. Sci Total Environ 2014; 468-469:630-641. [PMID: 24061054 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.08.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2013] [Revised: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Aquaculture production constitutes one of the main sources of pollution with veterinary medicines into the environment. About 90% of the global aquaculture production is produced in Asia and the potential environmental risks associated with the use of veterinary medicines in Asian aquaculture have not yet been properly evaluated. In this study we performed a probabilistic risk assessment for eight different aquaculture production scenarios in Asia by combining up-to-date information on the use of veterinary medicines and aquaculture production characteristics. The ERA-AQUA model was used to perform mass balances of veterinary medicinal treatments applied to aquaculture ponds and to characterize risks for primary producers, invertebrates, and fish potentially exposed to chemical residues through aquaculture effluents. The mass balance calculations showed that, on average, about 25% of the applied drug mass to aquaculture ponds is released into the environment, although this percentage varies with the chemical's properties, the mode of application, the cultured species density, and the water exchange rates in the aquaculture pond scenario. In general, the highest potential environmental risks were calculated for parasitic treatments, followed by disinfection and antibiotic treatments. Pangasius catfish production in Vietnam, followed by shrimp production in China, constitute possible hot-spots for environmental pollution due to the intensity of the aquaculture production and considerable discharge of toxic chemical residues into surrounding aquatic ecosystems. A risk-based ranking of compounds is provided for each of the evaluated scenarios, which offers crucial information for conducting further chemical and biological field and laboratory monitoring research. In addition, we discuss general knowledge gaps and research priorities for performing refined risk assessments of aquaculture medicines in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Rico
- Department of Aquatic Ecology and Water Quality Management, Wageningen University, Wageningen University and Research Centre, P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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591
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Abstract
Information related to the potential environmental exposure of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in the solid waste management phase is extremely scarce. In this paper, we define nanowaste as separately collected or collectable waste materials which are or contain ENMs, and we present a five-step framework for the systematic assessment of ENM exposure during nanowaste management. The framework includes deriving EOL nanoproducts and evaluating the physicochemical properties of the nanostructure, matrix properties and nanowaste treatment processes as well as transformation processes and environment releases, eventually leading to a final assessment of potential ENM exposure. The proposed framework was applied to three selected nanoproducts: nanosilver polyester textile, nanoTiO2 sunscreen lotion and carbon nanotube tennis racquets. We found that the potential global environmental exposure of ENMs associated with these three products was an estimated 0.5-143 Mg/year, which can also be characterised qualitatively as medium, medium, low, respectively. Specific challenges remain and should be subject to further research: (1) analytical techniques for the characterisation of nanowaste and its transformation during waste treatment processes, (2) mechanisms for the release of ENMs, (3) the quantification of nanowaste amounts at the regional scale, (4) a definition of acceptable limit values for exposure to ENMs from nanowaste and (5) the reporting of nanowaste generation data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessio Boldrin
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Steffen Foss Hansen
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders Baun
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Fruergaard Astrup
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Miljoevej, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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592
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Dupouey J, Faucher B, Edouard S, Richet H, Kodjo A, Drancourt M, Davoust B. Human leptospirosis: an emerging risk in Europe? Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2013; 37:77-83. [PMID: 24388481 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Leptospirosis has been reemerging in both developed and developing countries including Europe, where, this phenomenon has notably been associated with urban transmission. However, the comprehensive data that are needed to fully understand the ongoing epidemiological trends are lacking. In this article, we report surveillance data from throughout Europe, especially in France, to have an overview of this neglected disease in temperate countries. Our results underline the important role of wild rodents as reservoir of leptospirosis, and highlight the potential danger of a reemergence of this under-reported infectious disease in European cities, associated with the important expansion of the rat population in urban areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Dupouey
- Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire La Timone, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Benoît Faucher
- Service des Maladies Infectieuses, CHU Hôpital Nord, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Marseille, 13015 Marseille, France
| | - Sophie Edouard
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), CNRS UMR 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095 Aix-Marseille Université, Facultés de médecine et de pharmacie, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Hervé Richet
- Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire La Timone, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), CNRS UMR 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095 Aix-Marseille Université, Facultés de médecine et de pharmacie, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Angeli Kodjo
- Laboratoire des leptospires, Equipe PERS, VetAgro Sup, Campus Vétérinaire de Lyon, 1 Av Bourgelat, 69280 Marcy l'Etoile, France
| | - Michel Drancourt
- Fédération de Bactériologie-Hygiène-Virologie, Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire La Timone, 264 rue Saint-Pierre, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), CNRS UMR 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095 Aix-Marseille Université, Facultés de médecine et de pharmacie, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France
| | - Bernard Davoust
- Unité de recherche sur les maladies infectieuses et tropicales émergentes (URMITE), CNRS UMR 7278 IRD 198 INSERM U1095 Aix-Marseille Université, Facultés de médecine et de pharmacie, 27 Bd Jean Moulin, 13385 Marseille Cedex 05, France; Groupe de travail en épidémiologie animale du service de santé des armées, BP95 83800 Toulon Cedex 9, France.
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593
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Eskenazi B, Bradman A, Finkton D, Purwar M, Noble JA, Pang R, Burnham O, Cheikh Ismail L, Farhi F, Barros FC, Lambert A, Papageorghiou AT, Carvalho M, Jaffer YA, Bertino E, Gravett MG, Altman DG, Ohuma EO, Kennedy SH, Bhutta ZA, Villar J. A rapid questionnaire assessment of environmental exposures to pregnant women in the INTERGROWTH-21st Project. BJOG 2013; 120 Suppl 2:129-38, v. [PMID: 24028080 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.12430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Impaired fetal growth and preterm birth are the leading causes of neonatal and infant mortality worldwide and there is a growing scientific literature suggesting that environmental exposures during pregnancy may play a causal role in these outcomes. Our purpose was to assess the environmental exposure of the Fetal Growth Longitudinal Study (FGLS) participants in the multinational INTERGROWTH-21(st) Project. First, we developed a tool that could be used internationally to screen pregnant women for such exposures and administered it in eight countries on a subsample (n = 987) of the FGLS participants. The FGLS is a study of fetal growth among healthy pregnant women living in relatively affluent areas, at low risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes and environmental exposures. We confirmed that most women were not exposed to major environmental hazards that could affect pregnancy outcomes according to the protocol's entry criteria. However, the instrument was able to identify some women that reported various environmental concerns in their homes such as peeling paint, high residential density (>1 person per room), presence of rodents or cockroaches (hence the use of pesticides), noise pollution and safety concerns. This screening tool was therefore useful for the purposes of the project and can be used to ascertain environmental exposures in studies in which the primary aim is not focused on environmental exposures. The instrument can be used to identify subpopulations for more in-depth assessment, (e.g. environmental and biological laboratory markers) to pinpoint areas requiring education, intervention or policy change.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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594
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Muñoz-Quezada MT, Lucero BA, Barr DB, Steenland K, Levy K, Ryan PB, Iglesias V, Alvarado S, Concha C, Rojas E, Vega C. Neurodevelopmental effects in children associated with exposure to organophosphate pesticides: a systematic review. Neurotoxicology 2013; 39:158-68. [PMID: 24121005 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Many studies have investigated the neurodevelopmental effects of prenatal and early childhood exposures to organophosphate (OP) pesticides among children, but they have not been collectively evaluated. The aim of the present article is to synthesize reported evidence over the last decade on OP exposure and neurodevelopmental effects in children. The Data Sources were PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCO, SciVerse Scopus, SpringerLink, SciELO and DOAJ. The eligibility criteria considered were studies assessing exposure to OP pesticides and neurodevelopmental effects in children from birth to 18 years of age, published between 2002 and 2012 in English or Spanish. Twenty-seven articles met the eligibility criteria. Studies were rated for evidential consideration as high, intermediate, or low based upon the study design, number of participants, exposure measurement, and neurodevelopmental measures. All but one of the 27 studies evaluated showed some negative effects of pesticides on neurobehavioral development. A positive dose-response relationship between OP exposure and neurodevelopmental outcomes was found in all but one of the 12 studies that assessed dose-response. In the ten longitudinal studies that assessed prenatal exposure to OPs, cognitive deficits (related to working memory) were found in children at age 7 years, behavioral deficits (related to attention) seen mainly in toddlers, and motor deficits (abnormal reflexes) seen mainly in neonates. No meta-analysis was possible due to different measurements of exposure assessment and outcomes. Eleven studies (all longitudinal) were rated high, 14 studies were rated intermediate, and two studies were rated low. Evidence of neurological deficits associated with exposure to OP pesticides in children is growing. The studies reviewed collectively support the hypothesis that exposure to OP pesticides induces neurotoxic effects. Further research is needed to understand effects associated with exposure in critical windows of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Muñoz-Quezada
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Maule, Avda. San Miguel 3605, Talca, Región del Maule, Chile.
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595
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Xu X, Hu H, Kearney GD, Kan H, Sheps DS. Studying the effects of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on peripheral arterial disease in the United States. Sci Total Environ 2013; 461-462:341-7. [PMID: 23747551 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/26/2013] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are a group of prevalent pollutants which are produced by incomplete combustion of organic materials such as coal, fuel, tobacco smoking and food cooking. The associations between exposures to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and peripheral arterial disease (PAD) have not been well studied. METHODS We used the 2001-2004 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to investigate the associations between eight monohydroxy urinary metabolites of four PAHs and PAD. RESULTS In a logistic regression model, subjects within the middle and highest tertiles of fluorene metabolites, 2-hydroxyfluorene (2-FLUO) and 3-hydroxyfluorene (3-FLUO), and phenanthrene metabolites, 1-hydroxyphenanthrene (1-PHEN) and 2-hydroxyphenanthrene (2-PHEN), had significantly higher prevalence of PAD as compared to subjects within the lowest tertile after adjusting for cigarette smoking, diabetes mellitus and other covariates (For 2-FLUO, the 3rd tertile: OR=2.22, 95% CI=1.13-4.37, p for trend=0.02; For 3-FLUO, the 3rd tertile: OR=2.36, 95% CI: 1.16-4.77, p for trend=0.02; For 1-PHEN, the 3rd tertile: OR=1.84, 95% CI: 1.01-3.37, p for trend=0.04; For 2-PHEN, the 3rd tertile: OR=1.76, 95% CI: 1.07-2.88, p for trend=0.03). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that exposure to PAHs may increase the risk of PAD. Further studies are necessary to explore the associations between PAHs and PAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Xu
- Department of Epidemiology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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596
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Gać P, Pawlas N, Poręba R, Poręba M, Pawlas K. The relationship between environmental exposure to cadmium and lead and blood selenium concentration in randomly selected population of children inhabiting industrial regions of Silesian Voivodship (Poland). Hum Exp Toxicol 2013; 33:661-9. [PMID: 23956355 DOI: 10.1177/0960327113499169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed at determining the relationship between environmental exposure to lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) and blood selenium (Se) concentration in randomly selected population of children inhabiting the industrial regions of Silesian Voivodship, Poland. The study was conducted on a group of consecutive randomly selected 349 children aged below 15 years and inhabiting the industrial regions in Upper Silesia. The examined variables included whole blood Cd concentration (Cd-B), whole blood Pb concentration (Pb-B) and whole blood Se concentration (Se-B). The concentration of Cd-B, Pb-B and Se-B in the studied group of children amounted to 0.26 ± 0.14, 37.62 ± 25.30 and 78.31 ± 12.82 μg/L, respectively. In the entire examined group a statistically significant negative linear relationship was noted between Pb-B and Se-B (r = -0.12, p < 0.05). Also, a statistically insignificant negative correlation was detected between Cd-B and Se-B (r = -0.02, p > 0.05) and a statistically insignificant positive correlation between Pb-B and Cd-B (r = 0.08, p > 0.05). A multivariate backward stepwise regression analysis demonstrated that in the studied group of children higher Pb-B and a more advanced age-represented independent risk factors for a decreased Se-B. Environmental exposure to Pb may represent an independent risk factor for Se deficit in blood of the studied population of children. In children, the lowered Se-B may create one of the mechanisms in which Pb unfavourably affects human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Gać
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - N Pawlas
- Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - R Poręba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Occupational Diseases and Hypertension, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - M Poręba
- Department of Pathophysiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland
| | - K Pawlas
- Department of Hygiene, Wroclaw Medical University, Wrocław, Poland Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health, Sosnowiec, Poland
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597
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Eum KD, Wang FT, Schwartz J, Hersh CP, Kelsey K, Wright RO, Spiro A, Sparrow D, Hu H, Weisskopf MG. Modifying roles of glutathione S-transferase polymorphisms on the association between cumulative lead exposure and cognitive function. Neurotoxicology 2013; 39:65-71. [PMID: 23958642 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuro.2013.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 08/05/2013] [Accepted: 08/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glutathione-S-transferase gene (GST) polymorphisms can result in variable ability of these enzymes to remove electrophilic substrates. We investigated whether the GSTP1 Val105 and GSTM1 deletion polymorphisms modify the lead-cognitive function association. METHODS We used repeated measures analysis to compare the association between cumulative lead biomarkers-bone lead measured using K-shell X-Ray Fluorescence-and Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) score by GST variants, adjusted for covariates, among Normative Aging Study participants, a Boston-based prospective cohort of men. We had complete data for 698 men (providing 1292 observations) for GSTM1 analyses and 595 men (providing 1142 observations) for GSTP1 analyses. RESULTS A 15μg/g higher tibia lead concentration (interquartile range of tibia lead) was associated with a 0.24 point decrement in MMSE score among GSTP1 Val105 variant carriers, which was significantly stronger than the association among men with only wild-type alleles (p=0.01). The association among GSTP1 Val105 carriers was comparable to that of 3 years of age in baseline MMSE scores. The association between tibia lead and MMSE score appeared progressively steeper in participants with increasingly more GSTP1 Val105 alleles. A modest association between tibia lead and lower MMSE score was seen among participants with the GSTM1 deletion polymorphism. Neither of the glutathione S-transferase variants was independently associated with cognitive function, nor with lead biomarker measures. The results pertaining to patella lead were similar to those observed for tibia lead. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the GSTP1 Val105 polymorphism confers excess susceptibility to the cognitive effects of cumulative lead exposure.
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598
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Pomés A, Arruda LK. Investigating cockroach allergens: aiming to improve diagnosis and treatment of cockroach allergic patients. Methods 2013; 66:75-85. [PMID: 23916425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.07.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cockroach allergy is an important health problem associated with the development of asthma, as a consequence of chronic exposure to low levels of allergens in susceptible individuals. In the last 20 years, progress in understanding the disease has been possible, thanks to the identification and molecular cloning of cockroach allergens and their expression as recombinant proteins. Assays for assessment of environmental allergen exposure have been developed and used to measure Bla g 1 and Bla g 2, as markers of cockroach exposure. IgE antibodies to cockroach extracts and to specific purified allergens have been measured to assess sensitization and analyze association with exposure and disease. With the development of the field of structural biology and the expression of recombinant cockroach allergens, insights into allergen structure, function, epitope mapping and allergen-antibody interactions have provided further understanding of mechanisms of cockroach allergic disease at the molecular level. This information will contribute to develop new approaches to allergen avoidance and to improve diagnosis and therapy of cockroach allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Pomés
- Indoor Biotechnologies, Inc., Charlottesville, VA, USA.
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599
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Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases has been increasing rapidly, especially in developing countries. Various adverse health outcomes such as allergic disease can be attributed to rapidly increasing air pollution levels. Rapid urbanization and increased energy consumption worldwide have exposed the human body to not only increased quantities of ambient air pollution, but also a greater variety of pollutants. Many studies clearly demonstrate that air pollutants potently trigger asthma exacerbation. Evidence that transportation-related pollutants contribute to the development of allergies is also emerging. Moreover, exposure to particulate matter, ozone, and nitrogen dioxide contributes to the increased susceptibility to respiratory infections. This article focuses on the current understanding of the detrimental effects of air pollutants on allergic disease including exacerbation to the development of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and eczema as well as epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suh-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul 110-799, Korea. ; Institute of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul 110-799, Korea
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600
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Oulhote Y, LeTertre A, Etchevers A, Le Bot B, Lucas JP, Mandin C, Le Strat Y, Lanphear B, Glorennec P. Implications of different residential lead standards on children's blood lead levels in France: predictions based on a national cross-sectional survey. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2013; 216:743-50. [PMID: 23528234 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Revised: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Despite the dramatic reductions in children's blood lead levels (BLLs), there is considerable evidence that low-level lead exposure is associated with intellectual deficits and behavioral problems, without apparent threshold. There are limited data, however, about the contribution of residential sources of lead to contemporary children's blood lead levels. The aim of this study is to calculate the contributions of residential sources of lead to assess the potential impact of setting new standards for lead levels in residential dust, soil and water. We enrolled 484 French children aged from 6 months to 6 years, and collected data on social, housing and individual characteristics. Lead concentrations in blood and environmental samples (water, soils, and dusts) were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Data were analyzed using a multivariate generalized additive model accounting for the sampling design and the sampling weights. We found that exceedingly low concentrations of lead in dust, soil and water were significant predictors of children's BLLs, after adjustment for potential confounding variables. Lead-contaminated floor dust was the main source of lead in blood. BLLs (GM: 14μg/L) increased by 65%, 13%, 25%, and 5% when lead content in floor dust, loose soil, hard soil and water increased from their 25th percentile to their 95th percentile, respectively. We also observed that the steepest increase in BLLs occurred at the lowest levels of lead-contaminated floor dust, which indicates that lead contamination should be kept as low as possible. Impact of different possible standards on children's BLLs was also tabulated and indicated that unless standards are set low, they will only benefit a small proportion of children who have the highest exposures.
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