601
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Swaminathan S, Risacher SL, Yoder KK, West JD, Shen L, Kim S, Inlow M, Foroud T, Jagust WJ, Koeppe RA, Mathis CA, Shaw LM, Trojanowski JQ, Soares H, Aisen PS, Petersen RC, Weiner MW, Saykin AJ. Association of plasma and cortical amyloid beta is modulated by APOE ε4 status. Alzheimers Dement 2013; 10:e9-e18. [PMID: 23541187 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2013.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2012] [Revised: 01/10/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε4 allele's role as a modulator of the relationship between soluble plasma amyloid beta (Aβ) and fibrillar brain Aβ measured by Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography ([(11)C]PiB PET) has not been assessed. METHODS Ninety-six Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative participants with [(11)C]PiB scans and plasma Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42 measurements at the time of PET scanning were included. Regional and voxelwise analyses of [(11)C]PiB data were used to determine the influence of APOE ε4 allele on association of plasma Aβ1-40, Aβ1-42, and Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 with [(11)C]PiB uptake. RESULTS In APOE ε4- but not ε4+ participants, positive relationships between plasma Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 and [(11)C]PiB uptake were observed. Modeling the interaction of APOE and plasma Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 improved the explained variance in [(11)C]PiB binding compared with using APOE and plasma Aβ1-40/Aβ1-42 as separate terms. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that plasma Aβ is a potential Alzheimer's disease biomarker and highlight the importance of genetic variation in interpretation of plasma Aβ levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanker Swaminathan
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Shannon L Risacher
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Karmen K Yoder
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - John D West
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Li Shen
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Sungeun Kim
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mark Inlow
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Mathematics, Rose-Hulman Institute of Technology, Terre Haute, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - William J Jagust
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert A Koeppe
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Chester A Mathis
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Leslie M Shaw
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - John Q Trojanowski
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Paul S Aisen
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California at San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Ronald C Petersen
- Department of Neurology, Mayo Clinic and Foundation, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Center for Imaging of Neurodegenerative Diseases, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Center for Neuroimaging, Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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602
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Berlau DJ, Corrada MM, Robinson JL, Geser F, Arnold SE, Lee VMY, Kawas CH, Trojanowski JQ. Neocortical β-amyloid area is associated with dementia and APOE in the oldest-old. Alzheimers Dement 2013; 9:699-705. [PMID: 23474043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2012] [Revised: 10/01/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Apolipoprotein E (APOE) ε2 carriers may be protected from dementia because of reduced levels of cortical β-amyloid. In the oldest-old, however, APOE ε2 carriers have high β-amyloid plaque scores and preserved cognition. We compared different measures of β-amyloid pathology across APOE genotypes in the oldest-old, and their relationship with dementia. METHODS The study included 96 participants from The 90+ Study. Using all information, dementia diagnoses were made. Neuropathological examination included staging for amyloid plaques and β-amyloid cortical percent area stained by NAB228 antibody. RESULTS Both APOE ε2 and APOE ε4 carriers had high Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease plaque scores. However, APOE ε2 carriers had low cortical β-amyloid percent areas. β-amyloid percent area was associated with dementia across APOE genotypes. CONCLUSIONS Lower levels of percent area in APOE ε2 carriers may reflect lower total β-amyloid and may contribute to APOE ε2 carriers' decreased risk of dementia, despite high β-amyloid plaque scores. The relationship between β-amyloid plaques and dementia in the oldest-old may vary by APOE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J Berlau
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Regis University, Denver, CO, USA.
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603
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Bangen KJ, Restom K, Liu TT, Wierenga CE, Jak AJ, Salmon DP, Bondi MW. Assessment of Alzheimer's disease risk with functional magnetic resonance imaging: an arterial spin labeling study. J Alzheimers Dis 2013; 31 Suppl 3:S59-74. [PMID: 22531427 DOI: 10.3233/jad-2012-120292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of older adults at risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD) by virtue of their cognitive (i.e., mild cognitive impairment [MCI]) and/or genetic (i.e., apolipoprotein E [APOE] ε4 allele) status demonstrate divergent brain response patterns during memory encoding across studies. Using arterial spin labeling MRI, we examined the influence of AD risk on resting cerebral blood flow (CBF) as well as the CBF and blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) signal response to memory encoding in the medial temporal lobes (MTL) in 45 older adults (29 cognitively normal [14 APOE ε4 carriers and 15 noncarriers]; 16 MCI [8 APOE ε4 carriers, 8 noncarriers]). Risk groups were comparable in terms of mean age, years of education, gender distribution, and vascular risk burden. Individuals at genetic risk for AD by virtue of the APOE ε4 allele demonstrated increased MTL resting state CBF relative to ε4 noncarriers, whereas individuals characterized as MCI showed decreased MTL resting state CBF relative to their cognitively normal peers. For percent change CBF, there was a trend toward a cognitive status by genotype interaction. In the cognitively normal group, there was no difference in percent change CBF based on APOE genotype. In contrast, in the MCI group, APOE ε4 carriers demonstrated significantly greater percent change in CBF relative to ε4 noncarriers. No group differences were found for BOLD response. Findings suggest that abnormal resting state CBF and CBF response to memory encoding may be early indicators of brain dysfunction in individuals at risk for developing AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine J Bangen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
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604
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Guo LH, Alexopoulos P, Wagenpfeil S, Kurz A, Perneczky R. Brain size and the compensation of Alzheimer's disease symptoms: a longitudinal cohort study. Alzheimers Dement 2012; 9:580-6. [PMID: 23232272 DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2012.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 10/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Greater intracranial volume (ICV) has been associated with less severe Alzheimer's disease (AD) symptoms at a given level of cerebral pathology. In this study we examine whether ICV modulates the association between clinical disease progression on the one hand and brain atrophy or the apolipoprotein E genotype on the other. METHODS Six hundred seventy-four subjects were studied from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). Subjects included 204 controls, 144 patients with AD dementia, and 326 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI). Longitudinal analyses were conducted applying generalized estimating equations to examine the influence of ICV on clinical deterioration and atrophy progression. Follow-up data were available for up to 60 months after the baseline visit (mean 31.42 months, SD 13.12 months). RESULTS ICV was not directly associated with clinical worsening or atrophy progression. However, ICV attenuated the impact of atrophy and the apolipoprotein E ε4 allele on clinical disease progression in aMCI. CONCLUSION Greater ICV, that is, premorbid brain size, seems to protect against clinical deterioration in the face of AD-related brain atrophy in aMCI. The results support the theory of a compensatory role of brain reserve in contrast to a neuroprotective role. The protective effects of morphologic reserve seem to be limited to early clinical AD; once a certain threshold of neurodegenerative burden is passed, a larger premorbid brain no longer offers an advantage in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Hao Guo
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
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605
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Ahn SJ, Kim DK, Kim SS, Bae CB, Cho HJ, Kim HG, Kim YJ, Lee JH, Lee HJ, Lee MY, Kim KB, Cho JH, Cho SW, Cheong JY. Association between apolipoprotein E genotype, chronic liver disease, and hepatitis B virus. Clin Mol Hepatol 2012; 18:295-301. [PMID: 23091810 PMCID: PMC3467433 DOI: 10.3350/cmh.2012.18.3.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 08/13/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) plays an important role in regulating lipid and lipoprotein metabolism, and ApoE genotypes are known to affect plasma lipoprotein concentrations. We investigated whether ApoE genotype determines the disease outcome in hepatitis B virus (HBV)-infected individuals, and verified the association between ApoE genotype and the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in patients with chronic liver diseases of various etiologies. METHODS This hospital-based, case-controlled study enrolled 156 subjects (47 healthy controls, 50 HBV-related liver cirrhosis patients, and 59 HCC patients). ApoE genotypes were determined using PCR-based ApoE genotyping kits. The biological significance of ApoE genotype was verified by measuring serum ApoE levels using an ELISA kits. RESULTS The ε3 allele was the most common allele, with allele frequencies among the entire cohort of 5.8%, 84.3%, and 9.9% for the ε2, ε3, and ε4 alleles, respectively. Significantly more of those patients carrying the ε3/3 genotype had developed liver cirrhosis compared to the control subjects. Being an ApoE4 carrier was associated with a lower probability of developing liver cirrhosis. The allele frequencies and genotype distribution of ApoE did not differ significantly between the liver cirrhosis and HCC patients. The serum level of ApoE was significantly higher in patients with liver cirrhosis than in the healthy controls, but did not differ significantly with the ApoE genotype. CONCLUSIONS The ApoE ε3/3 genotype frequency was higher in patients with HBV-associated liver cirrhosis than in the controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seun Joo Ahn
- Department of Gastroenterology, Genomic Research Center for Gastroenterology, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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606
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The Alzheimer's Disease Anti-inflammatory Prevention Trial (ADAPT) tested whether non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). The results were null. We analyzed ADAPT data to examine if the effects of NSAIDs on AD risk differed depending upon APOE genotype or age as has been suggested by previous observational studies. METHODS ADAPT randomized 2,528 cognitively intact older adults to either celecoxib, naproxen sodium or placebo; 2,388 participants provided blood samples for APOE genotyping. Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate the effects of naproxen or celecoxib versus placebo on incident AD by age at enrollment and APOE genotype. RESULTS The proportion of subjects providing a biological sample did not differ between the treatment groups. In models of AD risk, none of the tests for 2-way interactions between either NSAID and age or APOE genotype were significant (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The data did not support the hypothesis that the association between NSAIDs and AD risk differed by age or APOE genotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea T Drye
- Departments of Epidemiology and Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Md., USA
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607
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Ryu HG, Youn SW, Kwon OD. Lack of Association between Apolipoprotein E Polymorphism with Age at Onset of Subcortical Vascular Dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Dis Extra 2012; 2:1-9. [PMID: 22323902 PMCID: PMC3270811 DOI: 10.1159/000335494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The relationship between apolipoprotein E (ApoE) and onset of vascular dementia remains controversial. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between ApoE polymorphism and the onset of subcortical vascular dementia (SVaD) compared to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and normal controls. METHODS The study was comprised of 61 patients with SVaD (42 Binswanger type, 19 lacunar type) and 112 patients with AD (16 early-onset AD, 96 late-onset AD) as well as 284 age-, gender- and education-matched normal controls. The diagnosis of SVaD was based on modified NINDS-AIREN criteria, and the diagnosis of AD was based on NINCDS-ADRDA criteria. ApoE polymorphism was genotyped in all participants. RESULTS None of the three ApoE alleles was more prevalent in SVaD patients compared to normal controls, which was the case when both Binswanger and lacunar types were analyzed separately. ApoE ∊4 did not accelerate the onset of SVaD (OR 1.66, 95% CI: 0.8-3.4), in contrast to a significant relation with late-onset AD (OR 3.78, 95% CI: 2.2-6.5). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that ApoE polymorphism is not associated with the onset of SVaD and that the two subtypes of SVaD may share similar pathophysiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Guk Ryu
- Department of Biological Science, College of Natural Sciences, Daegu University, Daegu, South Korea
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608
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Sadeghi HM, Sabzghabaee AM, Mousavian Z, Saadatnia M, Shirani S, Moazen F. Polymorphism of Apo lipoprotein E gene and the risk of multiple sclerosis. J Res Med Sci 2011; 16:1519-24. [PMID: 22973358 PMCID: PMC3434891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2011] [Accepted: 11/26/2011] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) gene encodes an important protein in reforming injuries of central nervous system (CNS). It is assumed that various ApoE alleles may be functionally different. The purpose of this study was to investigate the distribution of ApoE genotypes in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients in a small cohort of Iranians. METHODS In this case-control study, blood samples of patients and healthy volunteers were collected (n = 40) from Neurology Clinic of Alzahra Medical Complex. The ApoE genotypes were determined using DNA extracted from the samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques followed by digestion with HhaI restriction enzyme. The results were adjusted for age of MS onset, sex, expanded disability status scale (EDSS), and type of MS (primary or secondary progressive). Results were statistically analyzed using chi-square test. RESULTS The ApoE3/E3 genotype was detected in the majority of MS patients and the control group. Frequency distribution of E4 allele did not differ significantly between the two groups. There was no difference between ApoE allele and age of disease onset, sex, expanded disability status, or type of multiple sclerosis. CONCLUSIONS We found no significant differences in genotype frequency between patients with multiple sclerosis and the control group. Despite the fact that small sample size was a limitation for our study, it seems that ApoE polymorphism may not be useful as a marker for screening patients with multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Mirmohammad Sadeghi
- Associate Professor, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Mohammad Sabzghabaee
- Associate Professor, Isfahan Clinical Toxicology Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Zeinab Mousavian
- Pharmacy Student, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.,
Corresponding author: Zeinab Mousavian E-mail:
| | - Mohammad Saadatnia
- Associate Professor, Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shahin Shirani
- Assistant Professor, Department of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Moazen
- Research Assistant, Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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609
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Khorram Khorshid HR, Gozalpour E, Kamali K, Ohadi M, Karimloo M, Shahhosseiny MH. The Association between Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease and the Human ABCA1 and APOE Gene Polymorphisms in Iranian Population. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2011; 13:256-62. [PMID: 22737475 PMCID: PMC3371965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 09/10/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Apolipoprotein E (APOE), which its ε4 allele has been reported as a risk factor in late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), is the main cholesterol carrier in the brain. ATP-binding cassette transporter A1 (ABCA1) gene on chromosome 9, which has been known by genome-wide AD linkage study, has an important role in cellular cholesterol efflux. This study determines the association between sporadic AD and the human ABCA1 and APOE gene polymorphisms in Iranian population. METHODS 154 AD cases and 162 control subjects from Iranian population were genotyped for APOE genotypes and ABCA1 polymorphism (R219K). RESULTS The frequency of ε2ε3 genotype was higher in control subjects comparing AD patients but was not significant (13% versus 5.8%) and ε3ε4 genotype frequency was significantly higher in AD cases comparing with control subjects. APOE-ε2 allele frequency in cases was lower than control subjects but this difference was not significant (4.5% versus 8%). Individuals carrying ε4 allele, developed AD 6.5 times more than non-carriers (OR=6.52, 95%CI=2.63-16.17). There was no significant association between ABCA1 polymorphism and AD. CONCLUSION Unlike other studies, R219K polymorphism was not dependent on gender and APOE-ε4 allele and there was no association between APOE and ABCA1 in AD patients compared to controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Khorram Khorshid
- Genetic Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Correspondence: Hamid Reza Khorram Khorshid, MD,PhD Genetic Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Tel.: +98-21-22180138, Fax: +98-21-22180138, E-mail:
| | - E Gozalpour
- Genetic Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Kamali
- Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ohadi
- Genetic Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Karimloo
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Department, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M H Shahhosseiny
- Microbiology Department, Islamic Azad University, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Tehran, Iran
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610
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Gozalpour E, Kamali K, Mohammd K, Khorshid HRK, Ohadi M, Karimloo M, Mirabzadeh A, Fotouhi A. Association between Alzheimer's Disease and Apolipoprotein E Polymorphisms. Iran J Public Health 2010; 39:1-6. [PMID: 23112999 PMCID: PMC3481764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease as a neurodegenerative disorder is the commonest type of dementia. A growing number of genes have been reported as the risk factors, which increase the susceptibility to Alzheimer's disease. Apolipoprotein E (APOE), which its ε4 allele has been reported as a risk factor in late onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), is the main cholesterol carrier in the brain. The main goal of this study was to assess the role of APOE genotypes and alleles in AD in Iranian population. METHODS This study was performed in Tehran, Iran from 2007 to 2008. Totally, 154 AD cases and 162 control subjects from Iranian population were genotyped for APOE using PCR method. Genotype and alleles frequencies for APOE were calculated and compared between AD case and control subjects by χ2 or Fisher's exact test. Type one error assumed less than 0.05. RESULTS The frequency of ε2ε3 genotype was significantly higher in control subjects than AD patients was (13.5% versus 5.2%, P< 0.05) and ε3ε4 genotype frequency was significantly higher in AD cases compared with control subjects. APOE -ε2 allele frequency in cases was lower than that of control subjects but this difference was not significant (4.2% versus 7.7%). CONCLUSION It seems that individuals carrying ε4 allele, develop AD 6.5 times more than non-carriers do (OR= 6.566, 95% CI= 2.89-14.92). It has been reported that ε4 allele acts in dose- age-dependent manner but we have shown that the risk of developing AD in male APOE -ε4 allele carriers is higher than that of female ε4 carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Gozalpour
- Genetic Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - K Kamali
- Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran,Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - K Mohammd
- Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran
| | - HR Khorram Khorshid
- Genetic Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran,Reproductive Biotechnology Research Centre, Avicenna Research Institute (ACECR), Tehran, Iran
| | - M Ohadi
- Genetic Research Centre, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - M Karimloo
- Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Mirabzadeh
- Dept. of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - A Fotouhi
- Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Iran,Corresponding author: E-mail:
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611
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Kim JM, Kim SY, Bae KY, Kim SW, Shin IS, Yang SJ, Song YH, Yoon JS. Apolipoprotein e4 genotype and depressive symptoms as risk factors for dementia in an older korean population. Psychiatry Investig 2010; 7:135-40. [PMID: 20577623 PMCID: PMC2890868 DOI: 10.4306/pi.2010.7.2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2010] [Accepted: 02/25/2010] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Growing evidence suggests the separate associations of apolipoprotein E e4 allele (apo E4) and depression with incident dementia. This study investigated the separate and combined effects of apo E4 and depression on the incidence of dementia in both men and women. METHODS Of 625 elderly without dementia at baseline, 518 (83%) were followed over a 2.4-year period and were assessed clinically for incident dementia. The apo E polymorphism was ascertained, and depression was identified using the Korean version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (KGDS). Covariates included age, gender, education, disability, alcohol history, physical activity, and vascular risk factors. RESULTS The incidence of dementia was significantly higher in elderly Koreans with both apo E4 and depression compared to those without both factors [adjusted odds ratio (95% CI)=5.85 (1.77-19.38)]. This interaction was significant in men (p=0.049), but not in women (p=0.354). CONCLUSION Depressed elderly people are at great risk for incident dementia in the presence of apo E4. Potential gender differences require further evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Min Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seon-Young Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Yeol Bae
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Sung-Wan Kim
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Il-Seon Shin
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Su-Jin Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Young-Heon Song
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Jin-Sang Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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