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Ye D, Dong M, Yao J, Wang Q, Zhang K, Giles W, Anda R. 439: Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Health Risks among College Students in China. Am J Epidemiol 2005. [DOI: 10.1093/aje/161.supplement_1.s110b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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302
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Doshi A, Wedam SB, Thomasson DM, Garcia-Eulate RM, Wise BJ, Yao J, Steinberg SM, Liewehr DJ, Choyke P, Swain SM. Dynamic contrast enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) as a potential predictor of clinical response in patients with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC). J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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303
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Min H, Yao J, Allinen M, Cai L, Polyak K. The role of the tumor microenvironment in breast cancer progression. Breast Cancer Res 2005. [PMCID: PMC4233481 DOI: 10.1186/bcr1060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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304
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Li E, Peng X, Xi J, Chicharo J, Yao J, Zhang D. Multi-frequency and multiple phase-shift sinusoidal fringe projection for 3D profilometry. OPTICS EXPRESS 2005; 13:1561-1569. [PMID: 19495032 DOI: 10.1364/opex.13.001561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we report on a laser fringe projection set-up, which can generate fringe patterns with multiple frequencies and phase shifts. Stationary fringe patterns with sinusoidal intensity distributions are produced by the interference of two laser beams, which are frequency modulated by a pair of acousto-optic modulators (AOMs). The AOMs are driven by two RF signals with the same frequency but a phase delay between them. By changing the RF frequency and the phase delay, the fringe spatial frequency and phase shift can be electronically controlled, which allows high-speed switching from one frequency or phase to another thus makes a dynamic 3D profiling possible.
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305
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Wang J, Liu J, Wang X, Yao J, Yu Z. Application of electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in rapid typing of fengycin homologues produced by Bacillus subtilis. Lett Appl Microbiol 2004; 39:98-102. [PMID: 15189295 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2004.01547.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To rapidly type the fengycin homologues produced by Bacillus subtilis strains with electrospray ionization/collision-induced dissociation (ESI/CID) mass spectrometry. METHODS AND RESULTS Fengycin homologues produced by Bacillus subtilis JA were analysed. When each homologue was subjected to ESI/CID analysis, ions representing characteristic fragmentations were detected. These ions can help to identify the homologues; even homologues of the same nominal mass can be discriminated by their ESI/CID spectra. Based on the CID results, fengycin homologues can be correctly assigned. CONCLUSIONS AND SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS STUDY ESI/CID leads to rapid detection and structural characterization of fengycin homologues or lipopeptides with similar properties. It will be very useful in studying the regulatory expression of these peptides.
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Sheng C, Zhang W, Zhang M, Song Y, Ji H, Zhu J, Yao J, Yu J, Yang S, Zhou Y, Zhu J, Lu J. Homology Modeling of Lanosterol 14α-Demethylase ofCandida albicansandAspergillus fumigatusand Insights into the Enzyme-Substrate Interactions. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2004; 22:91-9. [PMID: 15214809 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2004.10506984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of 14alpha-sterol demethylase from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MT_14DM) provides a good template for modeling the three dimensional structure of lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase, which is the target of azole antifungal agents. Homologous 3D models of lanosterol 14alpha-demethylase from Candida albicans (CA_14DM) and Aspergillus fumigatus (AF_14DM) were built on the basis of the crystal coordinates of MT_14DM in complex with 4-phenylimidazole and fluconazole. The reliability of the two models was assessed by Ramachandran plots, Profile-3D analysis, and by analyzing the consistency of the two models with the experimental data on the P450(14DM). The overall structures of the resulting CA_14DM model and AF_14DM model are similar to those of the template structures. The two models remain the core structure characteristic for cytochrome P450s and most of the insertions and deletions expose the molecular surface. The structurally and functionally important residues such as the heme binding residues, the residues lining the substrate access channel, and residues in active site were identified from the model. To explore the binding mode of the substrate with the two models, 24(28)-methylene-24,25-dihydrolanosterol was docked into the active site of the two models and hydrophobic interaction and hydrogen-bonding were found to play an important role in substrate recognition and orientation. These results provided a basis for experiments to probe structure-function relationships in the P450(14DM). Although CA_14DM and AF_14DM shared similar core structural character, the active site of the two models were quite different, thus allowing the rational design of specific inhibitors to the target enzyme and the discovery of novel antifungal agents with broad spectrum.
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Mares JE, Yao J, Wang L, Wei D, Gong W, Hassan M, Wu TT, Mansfield P, Ajani JA, Xie K. Sp1 expression is associated with increased VEGF, advanced stage, and poor survival in patients with resected gastric cancer (GC). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.4039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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308
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Ajani JA, Yao J, Faust J, Carr K, Anbe H, Houghton M, Urrea P. Phase I pharmacokinetic study of S-1 plus cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric carcinoma (AGC). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.4043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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309
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Xu A, Yao J, Yu L, Lv S, Wang J, Yan B, Yu Z. Mutation of Gluconobacter oxydans and Bacillus megaterium in a two-step process of l-ascorbic acid manufacture by ion beam. J Appl Microbiol 2004; 96:1317-23. [PMID: 15139924 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2004.02270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM To increase the transformation rate of l-sorbose to 2-keto-l-gulonic (2-KLG) acid in a two-step process of l-ascrobic acid manufacture by ion beam. METHODS AND RESULTS Gluconobacter oxydans (GO29) and Bacillus megaterium (BM80) were used in the present study. Ion implantation was carried out with the heavy ion implantation facility at the institute of Plasma Physics in China. 2-KLG in whole culture broth was determined by iodometry. Mutants were screened by single-colony isolation and 2-KLG accumulation in broth. GO29 and BM80 were implanted by either hydrogen ions (H(+)) or nitrogen ions (N(+)) with various doses, respectively. The average transformation rate of GM112-302 bred by ion beam in Gram-molecule was increased from 79.3 to 94.5% after eight passages in shaking flasks. Furthermore, in 180-ton fermentors in Jiangsu Jiangshan Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, the transformation rate was stable at 92.0%, indicating a producer could get 0.99 kg of gulonic acid from 1.0 kg of sorbose. CONCLUSION Ion beam as a new mutation source had potential advantages in breeding. Comparing with original mixture GO29 and BM80, GM112-302 is more efficient in accumulating 2-KLG, especially at the later phase. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY GM112-302 bred by ion beam implantation dramatically increased the transformation rate by 19.2%, which greatly increased efficiency and reduced the cost of l-ascorbic acid manufacture in a two-step process.
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Shi L, Yao J, Stewart L, Xu Z. Brain C-FOS expression and pressor responses after I.V. or I.C.V. angiotensin in the near-term ovine fetus. Neuroscience 2004; 126:979-87. [PMID: 15207331 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Fetal brain c-fos and cardiovascular responses after i.v. or i.c.v. angiotensin II administrations was determined in the near-term ovine fetuses. Both routes of angiotensin II markedly increased fetal mean arterial pressure. The latency of pressor responses by i.v. angiotensin II administration was shorter than by the i.c.v. route. The increased fetal mean arterial pressure was greater and transient by the i.v. route in comparison to that caused by i.c.v. angiotensin II administration. Following the i.v. administration of angiotensin II, the fetal heart rate was significantly decreased. Associated with fetal pressor responses and bradycardia, c-fos expression induced by i.v. angiotensin II was in the paraventricular nuclei (PVN) of the hypothalamus, and the area postrema, the tractus solitarius nuclei, and the lateral parabrachial nuclei in the brain stem. After i.c.v. angiotensin II administration, fetal blood pressure was also increased in association with the intensive c-fos expression in the PVN and the hindbrain. However, fetal heart rate was not affected by the central injection of angiotensin II. These results indicate that the central pathways between the forebrain circumventricular organs and the PVN have developed, and suggest that the neural activity in the hindbrain associated with bradycardia may be linked to the baroreflex. In the face of i.c.v. angiotensin II, sympathetic activation may play a predominant role in pressor responses. Taken together, these results suggest that central and peripheral angiotensin II-induced fetal pressor responses may be mediated by separate mechanisms, and these regulatory mechanisms start to function by near-term or early.
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Li R, Yao J. Analysis of incidence of atrial fibrillation after implantation of VVI pacemaker--long-term observation of 154 patients. JOURNAL OF TONGJI MEDICAL UNIVERSITY = TONG JI YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO 2003; 20:139-40, 144. [PMID: 12845729 DOI: 10.1007/bf02887054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Incidence of occurrence of atrial fibrillation (Af) after implantation of VVI was examined and the possible mechanism was explored. Eighty cases of atrioentricular block (AVB) and 74 cases of sick sinus syndrome (SSS) were studied and followed up for 1-14 years after implantation of VVI. The endpoint was the occurrence of permanent Af. The results showed that the incidence of Af among the 154 patients was 14.3% (22/154). And the incidence was 2.5% among patients with AVB (2/80), and 27% among patients with SSS (20/74). Significant significance was found between patients with AVB and those with SSS (P < 0.01). Among the patients with SSS, the incidence was 33.3% (9/27) in type I, 38.1% (8/21) in type III and 11.5% (3/26) in type II. Significant differences were revealed among patients with I, III and II type SSS (P < 0.05). It is concluded that retrograde conduction of pure ventricular pacing may play the chief role of occurrence of Af.
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Abstract
The single neuron has attracted widespread attention as an elementary unit for understanding the electrophysiological mechanisms of nervous systems and for exploring the functions of biological neural networks. Over the past decades, much modeling work on neural interface has been presented in support of experimental findings in neural engineering. This article reviews the recent research results on modeling electrical activities of the single neuron, electrical synapse, neuromuscular junction, and neural interfaces at cochlea. Single neuron models vary form to illustrate how neurons fire and what the firing patterns mean. Focusing on these two questions, recent modeling work on single neurons is discussed. The modeling of neural receptors at inner and outer hair cells is examined to explain the transforming procedure from sounds to electrical signals. The low-pass characteristics of electrical synapse and neuromuscular junction are also discussed in an attempt to understand the mechanism of electrical transmission across the interfaces.
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Carty MP, Glynn M, Maher M, Smith T, Yao J, Dixon K, McCann J, Rynn L, Flanagan A. The RAD30 cancer susceptibility gene. Biochem Soc Trans 2003; 31:252-6. [PMID: 12546696 DOI: 10.1042/bst0310252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The human skin cancer-prone disease xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) results from a mutation in RAD30, which encodes the novel lesion bypass DNA polymerase eta. XPV cells are characterized by delayed completion of DNA replication and increased mutagenesis following UV irradiation. In cell-free extracts of XPV lymphoblasts, functional DNA polymerase eta is required for the complete replication of a double-stranded plasmid containing either a single (6-4) photoproduct or a cyclobutane pyrimidine dime(CPD), the major mutagenic UV-induced lesion. In cultured XPV cells, replication arrest activates downstream signalling pathways, leading to hyperphosphorylation of the 34-kDa subunit of the trimeric single-stranded DNA-binding protein, RPA (replication protein A). Many of the RAD30 mutations identified in XPV cells result in truncation and inactivation of DNA polymerase eta. To examine whether polymorphisms in the RAD30 gene that result in altered polymerase eta function, rather than enzyme inactivation, might contribute to individual susceptibility to skin cancer, methods to screen for sequence changes in the RAD30 gene in human genomic DNAhave been developed.
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Yao J, Burton JL, Saama P, Sipkovsky S, Coussens PM. Generation of EST and cDNA Microarray Resources for the Study of Bovine Immunobiology*. Acta Vet Scand 2003. [DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-44-s1-s89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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315
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Burton J, Madsen S, Yao J, Sipkovsky S, Coussens P. Acta Vet Scand 2003; 44:S7. [DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-44-s1-s7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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316
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Burton JL, Madsen SA, Yao J, Sipkovsky SS, Coussens PM. An Immunogenomics Approach to Understanding Periparturient Immunosuppression and Mastitis Susceptibility in Dairy Cows*. Acta Vet Scand 2003. [DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-44-s1-s71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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317
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Yao J, Burton J, Saama P, Sipkovsky S, Coussens P. Acta Vet Scand 2003; 44:S8. [DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-44-s1-s8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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318
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Shi X, Ye X, Cai Y, Ha S, Yao J. [Determination of polyamines in pyronaridine-sensitive and -resistant Plasmodium berghei-infected erythrocytes]. ZHONGGUO JI SHENG CHONG XUE YU JI SHENG CHONG BING ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PARASITOLOGY & PARASITIC DISEASES 2002; 16:109-12. [PMID: 12078217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
AIM To understand the relationship between polyamine metabolism and pyronaridine resistance of malaria parasites. METHODS Kunming strain mice weighing 18 g-22 g were inoculated intraperitoneally with Plasmodium berghei ANKA strain (pyronaridine-sensitive, PS), and P. berghei ANKA strain low and high pyronaridine resistant lines (PRA and PRB), respectively. Seven days after inoculation, blood samples were collected and WBC in the blood were removed by the method of chromatography using SE-cellulose and Sephadex G25 (1:2). After thin layer chromatography, the contents of three polyamines, i.e. putrescine(PTC), spermidine (SPD), and spermine(SPM) in normal and infected erythrocytes were determined with fluorescence spectrometer. The changes of polyamine level in PS and PRB infected erythrocytes of mice treated by a single oral dose of PND 5 and 10 mg/kg respectively were also observed. RESULTS The contents of PTC, SPD and SPM in PS infected erythrocytes were 47.5 +/- 28.6, 97.7 +/- 34.0 and 81.7 +/- 23.8 nmol/10(9) RBC (n = 9), respectively, being 1.5, 3.5, and 6.6 times of those appeared in the normal RBC (32.0 +/- 9.9, 28.2 +/- 12.3, and 12.4 +/- 15.0 nmol/10(9) RBC, n = 9), respectively. The differences between two groups were significant. Interestingly, when mice infected with pyronaridine resistant line PRA and PRB, the contents of PTC, SPD and SPM in the infected erythrocytes increased to 187.7 +/- 139.9, 258.3 +/- 137.9 and 142.8 +/- 143.8 nmol/10(9) RBC (n = 18), and 345.5 +/- 223.0, 435.8 +/- 265.4 and 189.4 +/- 171.7 noml/10(9) RBC, respectively. Except for SPM, PTC and SPD in the PRA and PRB infected erythrocytes were significantly higher than those in the PS and PRA infected erythrocytes, respectively, being 3.9, 2.6 and 1.8, 1.7 times of those appeared in PS and PRA infected erythrocytes. In PND treated group, SPD and SPM contents of PS infected erythrocytes were decreased by 31.6% and 47.3% compared with non-treated group, but the polyamine level of PRB infected erythrocytes did not significantly change after PND administration. CONCLUSION The resistance of P. berghei to PND is related to the alteration of polyamine metabolism in the malarial parasites.
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Burton JL, Madsen SA, Yao J, Sipkovsky SS, Coussens PM. An immunogenomics approach to understanding periparturient immunosuppression and mastitis susceptibility in dairy cows. Acta Vet Scand 2002; 42:407-24. [PMID: 11887400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies comparing in vivo and in vitro functional capacities of leukocytes from non-parturient and periparturient dairy cows have provided substantial evidence that systemic and local mammary immune defenses are deficient around parturition. This evidence has lead to the reasonable hypothesis that immune deficiency underlies the heightened mastitis susceptibility of periparturient cows. Nutrition and vaccine studies substantiate this hypothesis, showing that dietary antioxidant supplementation and rigorous immunization regimes can bolster innate and humoral immunity to the point that mastitis severity and time for return to normal milk production are reduced. However, completely effective resolution of this significant production disease has not been achieved because so little is understood about its complex etiology. In particular, we possess almost no knowledge of how or why immune cells responding to parturient physiology end up with deficient functional capacities. Fluctuations in reproductive steroid hormones and chronic shifts in neuroendocrine hormones with roles in nutrient partitioning and appetite control may affect the expression of critical leukocyte genes in periparturient dairy cows. A thorough understanding of leukocyte biology during periparturition would seem a critical goal for future development of effective mastitis prevention strategies. Recently, our group has begun to use cDNA microarray technology to explore bovine leukocyte RNA for global gene expression changes occurring around parturition. We are working within the context of a hypothesis that the physiology of parturition negatively affects expression of critical genes in blood leukocytes. In the current study we initiated hypothesis testing using leukocyte RNA from a high producing Holstein cow collected at 14 days prepartum and 6 hours postpartum to interrogate a cDNA microarray spotted with > 700 cDNAs representing unique bovine leukocyte genes. This analysis revealed 18 genes with > or = 1.2-fold higher expression 14 days prepartum than 6 hours postpartum. BLASTN analysis of these genes revealed only one that can be considered a classical immune response gene. All other repressed genes were either unknown or putatively identified as encoding key proteins involved in normal growth and metabolism of cells. Given the critical roles of these repressed genes in normal cell functions, we may have identified good candidates to pursue with respect to periparturient immunosuppression and mastitis susceptibility.
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Yao J, Burton JL, Saama P, Sipkovsky S, Coussens PM. Generation of EST and cDNA microarray resources for the study of bovine immunobiology. Acta Vet Scand 2002; 42:391-405. [PMID: 11887399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent developments in expressed sequence tag (EST) and cDNA microarray technology have had a dramatic impact on the ability of scientists to study the responses of thousands of genes to external stimuli, such as infection, nutrient flux, and stress. To date however, these studies have largely been limited to human and rodent systems. Despite the tremendous potential benefit of EST and cDNA microarray technology to studies of complex problems in domestic animal species, a lack of integrated resources has precluded application of these technologies to domestic species. To address this problem, the Center for Animal Functional Genomics (CAFG) at Michigan State University has developed a normalized bovine total leukocyte (BOTL) cDNA library, generated EST clones from this library, and printed cDNA microarrays suitable for studying bovine immunobiology. Our data revealed that the normalization procedure successfully reduced highly abundant cDNA species while enhancing the relative percentage of clones representing rare transcripts. To date, a total of 932 EST sequences have been generated from this library (BOTL) and the sequence information plus BLAST results made available through a web-accessible database (http://gowhite.ans.msu.edu). Cluster analysis of the data indicates that a total of 842 unique cDNAs are present in this collection, reflecting a low redundancy rate of 9.7%. For creation of first generation cDNA microarrays, inserts from 720 unique clones in this library were amplified and microarrays were produced by spotting each insert or amplicon 3 times on glass slides in a 48-patch arrangement with 64 total spots (including blanks and positive controls) per patch. To test our BOTL microarray, we compared gene expression patterns of concanavalin A stimulated and unstimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). In total, hybridization signals on over 90 amplicons showed upregulation (> 3x) in response to Con A stimulation, relative to unstimulated cells. A second experiment with PBMCs from a different group of animals was performed to test reproducibility of microarray results. There was a high correlation between the 2 experiments (r = 0.72, P < 0.001). Resources described in this publication offer a highly efficient and integrated system to study gene expression changes in bovine leukocytes.
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Wang K, Wang L, Yuan Q, Luo S, Yao J, Yuan S, Zheng C, Brandt J. Construction of a generic reaction knowledge base by reaction data mining. J Mol Graph Model 2002; 19:427-33, 469. [PMID: 11552691 DOI: 10.1016/s1093-3263(00)00102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
As synthesis by combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening have become well-established strategies in the drug discovery process, chemists face increased challenges in managing large amounts of data and using these data to design more diverse and focused libraries. As synthesis is an intuitive and empirical process, however, the classical approaches to computer-assisted synthesis planning do not fully satisfy the needs of the synthetic chemist. We describe a novel computational technique for extracting reaction data and building a generic reaction knowledge base (GRKB) to provide chemists with useful and well-organized knowledge. The method consists of three key steps: (1) the automatic recognition of reaction centers, (2) the definition of a hierarchy of reaction patterns, and (3) the organization of the generic reaction knowledge. Significant reaction knowledge has been discovered via mining a subset of the InfoChem Reaction database. A frame system has been constructed to store and retrieve the GRKB. Applications of this GRKB to synthesis planning are illustrated.
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Xu Z, Pekarek E, Ge J, Yao J. Functional relationship between subfornical organ cholinergic stimulation and cellular activation in the hypothalamus and AV3V region. Brain Res 2001; 922:191-200. [PMID: 11743949 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-8993(01)03166-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The subfornical organ (SFO) has been suggested to be important for water intake and secretion of vasopressin (AVP). However, the role of the SFO cholinergic mechanism in the control of body fluid regulation is not clear. This study determined the effects of local cholinergic stimulation in the SFO produced by administration of physostigmine on drinking and cellular excitation in the anterior third ventricle (AV3V) region and in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei (SON and PVN). The results showed that injection of physostigmine into the SFO induced water intake and c-fos expression in the AV3V area as well as in the AVP containing neurons in the hypothalamus. Pretreatment of the SFO with mecamylamine, a nicotinic receptor antagonist, had no effect on physostigmine induced behavioral and c-fos responses. The muscarinic receptor blocker atropine, however, abolished both drinking and cellular activation after injection of physostigmine into the SFO. Immunostaining experiments demonstrated positive acetyltransferase (ChAT) in the SFO. Intensive ChAT immunoreactivity was located in the cholinergic fibers in the SFO. Together, the results indicate that SFO cholinergic mechanisms are important in co-operation with the AV3V and hypothalamic neurons in the control of thirst and AVP-mediated body fluid homeostasis.
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Yao J, Xiong S, Klos K, Nguyen N, Grijalva R, Li P, Yu D. Multiple signaling pathways involved in activation of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) by heregulin-beta1 in human breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2001; 20:8066-74. [PMID: 11781819 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2001] [Revised: 08/14/2001] [Accepted: 08/30/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) plays important roles in tumor invasion and angiogenesis. Secretion of MMP-9 has been reported in various cancer types including lung cancer, colon cancer, and breast cancer. In our investigation of MMP-9 regulation by growth factors, MMP-9 was activated by heregulin-beta1 as shown by zymography in both SKBr3 and MCF-7 breast cancer cell lines. Increase in MMP-9 activity was due to increased MMP-9 protein and mRNA levels, which mainly results from transcriptional upregulation of MMP-9 by heregulin-beta1. Heregulin-beta1 activates multiple signaling pathways in breast cancer cells, including Erk, p38 kinase, PKC, and PI3-K pathways. We examined the pathways involved in heregulin-beta1-mediated MMP-9 activation using chemical inhibitors that specifically inhibit each of these heregulin-beta1-activated pathways. The PKC inhibitor RO318220 and p38 kinase inhibitor SB203580 completely blocked heregulin-beta1-mediated activation of MMP-9. MEK-1 inhibitor PD098059 partially blocked MMP-9 activation, whereas PI3-K inhibitor wortmannin had no effect on heregulin-beta1-mediated MMP-9 activation. Therefore, at least three signaling pathways are involved in the activation of MMP-9 by heregulin-beta1. Since MMP-9 is tightly associated with invasion/metastasis and angiogenesis, our studies suggest that blocking heregulin-beta1-mediated activation of MMP-9 by inhibiting the related signaling pathways may provide new strategies for inhibition of cancer metastasis and angiogenesis.
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Kalimi R, Gecelter GR, Caplin D, Brickman M, Tronco GT, Love C, Yao J, Simms HH, Marini CP. Diagnosis of acute cholecystitis: sensitivity of sonography, cholescintigraphy, and combined sonography-cholescintigraphy. J Am Coll Surg 2001; 193:609-13. [PMID: 11768676 DOI: 10.1016/s1072-7515(01)01092-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiographic diagnosis of acute cholecystitis can be established using ultrasonography (US), cholecystoscintigraphy (HIDA), or both. Although both modalities have been effective in diagnosing acute cholecystitis (AC), physicians from the emergency department and admitting surgeons continue to request both tests in an attempt to increase the diagnostic accuracy of AC. This article reports the institutional experience of a large tertiary care health care facility, with respect to the sensitivity of US, HIDA, and combined US and HIDA. STUDY DESIGN We conducted a retrospective review of 132 patients diagnosed with AC who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy during the same hospitalization. Patients were stratified into three groups: Group 1 (Gp1, n = 50) included patients who underwent US alone, group 2 (Gp2, n = 28) included patients who underwent HIDA scan alone, and group 3 (Gp3, n = 54) included patients who underwent both US and HIDA. RESULTS The three groups did not differ with respect to age, liver chemistry, time to operation, and hospital length of stay. The sensitivity of US, HIDA, and combined US/HIDA as diagnostic modalities for acute cholecystitis was referenced to histopathologic confirmation. Sensitivity was 24 of 50 (48%), 24 of 28 (86%), and 49 of 54 (90%) for US, HIDA, and the combination of US/HIDA, respectively. CONCLUSIONS HIDA scan is a more sensitive test than US in diagnosing patients with AC. Based on the results of this study, we recommend that HIDA scan should be used as the first diagnostic modality in patients with suspected acute cholecystitis; US should be used to confirm the presence of gallbladder stones rather than to diagnose AC.
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Xie S, Yao J, Zheng R, Peng X, Gao Z. [Accurate diagnosis of stages of hepatic fibrosis by measuring levels of serum hyaluronic acid, procollagen type III, and collagen type IV]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2001; 9:334-6. [PMID: 11782298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the accurate diagnosis of various stages of hepatic fibrosis by measuring serum hyaluronic acid (HA), procollagen type III (PC III), and collagen type IV (CIV). METHODS The concentrations of serum HA, PC III, CIV in 253 patients with chronic liver disease were measured by radioimmunoassay. Liver biopsies were performed in all of the patients at the same time. According to the results of liver pathological diagnosis, we assessed the ability of serum HA, PC III and CIV to identify correctly patients with hepatic fibrosis (staging >or=S(2)) or cirrhosis (S(4)). RESULTS The cutoff value of HA, PC III and C IV to identify correctly patients with hepatic fibrosis was 90 microg/L, 90 microg/L, 75 microg/L respectively. The sensitivity (Se) was 80.4%, 82%, 63.1%; the specificity (Spe) was 70.2%, 60.8%, 83.8%; the positive prediction value (PPV) was 86.7%, 83.5%, 90.4%; the negative prediction value (NPV) was 59.8%, 58.4%, 48.4%, respectively. The cutoff value to identify patients with cirrhosis was: HA 210 microg/L, Se 96.2%, Spe 85.3%, PPV 65.4%, NPV 98.8%; PC III 150 microg/L, Se 76.4%, Spe 68.7%, PPV 40.4%, NPV 91.3%; C IV 90 microg/L, Se 80%, Spe 75.8%, PPV 47.8%, NPV 93.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The determination of serum HA, PC III and C IV can make relatively accurate diagnosis to various stages of hepatic fibrosis. HA is the best for diagnosis of liver cirrhosis.
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