851
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Li S, Qian L, Zhu Y, Liu M, Gao Y, Ni Y. Enhanced chemiluminescence of cerium(IV)-Tween 85 system and the analytical application. LUMINESCENCE 2013; 28:948-53. [PMID: 23281191 DOI: 10.1002/bio.2464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Revised: 11/02/2012] [Accepted: 11/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation reaction between cerium(IV) and Tween 85 in sulfuric acid medium produced weak chemiluminescence (CL). In this paper, it was found that citrate could strongly enhance the CL of cerium(IV)-Tween 85-polyphenol system. Based on studies of ultraviolet-visible spectra and CL spectra, the CL enhancement mechanism had been proposed. It was surmised that the light emission was from an excited oxygen molecular pair O2((1)Δg)O2((1)∑g(-)). The maximum emission wavelength was about 478 nm. The effects of 17 amino acids and 29 organic compounds on cerium(IV)-Tween 85-citrate CL were investigated by a flow injection procedure. This study showed the present system had a wide application for the determination of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids, Anhui Key Laboratory of Molecule-based Materials, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, 241000, People's Republic of China
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852
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Mishra MR, Mishra A, Pradhan DK, Panda AK, Behera RK, Jha S. Antidiabetic and Antioxidant Activity of Scoparia dulcis Linn. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 75:610-4. [PMID: 24403665 PMCID: PMC3877526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Revised: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 08/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The hypoglycaemic activity of methanol extract of Scoparia dulcis was performed on both in vitro and in vivo models along with determination of total extractable polyphenol. Methanol extract of Scoparia dulcis contains 4.9% and water extract contains 3.2% of total extractable polyphenol. The antioxidant activity showed very promising result in both the tested methods that is 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and ferric ion reducing capacity. The antioxidant activity is directly correlated to the antidiabetic potential of drug. The two enzymes (amylase and glycosidase) found in intestine are responsible for the increasing postprandial glucose in body. In vitro model was performed on these enzymes and the results showed that methanol extract of Scoparia dulcis was effective to check the postprandial glucose level. The in vivo hypoglycaemic activity of methanol extract of Scoparia dulcis was performed on streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus showed significant inhibition of blood glucose level as compared to control and similar to that of standard glibenclamide. The overall data potentiates the traditional value of Scoparia dulcis as an antidiabetic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. R. Mishra
- Gayatri College of Pharmacy, Jamadarpali, Sambalpur-768 200, India,Address for correspondence E-mail:
| | - A. Mishra
- Gayatri College of Pharmacy, Jamadarpali, Sambalpur-768 200, India
| | - D. K. Pradhan
- Gayatri College of Pharmacy, Jamadarpali, Sambalpur-768 200, India
| | - A. K. Panda
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Burla, Sambalpur-768 019, India
| | - R. K. Behera
- School of Chemistry, Sambalpur University, Burla, Sambalpur-768 019, India
| | - S. Jha
- Pharmaceutical Sciences, Birla Institute of Technology, Mesra, Ranchi-835 215, India
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853
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Cao Y, Li Y, Kim J, Ren Y, Himmeldirk K, Liu Y, Qian Y, Liu F, Chen X. Orally efficacious novel small molecule 6-chloro-6-deoxy-1,2,3,4-tetra-O-galloyl-α-D-glucopyranose selectively and potently stimulates insulin receptor and alleviates diabetes. J Mol Endocrinol 2013; 51:15-26. [PMID: 23549408 DOI: 10.1530/jme-12-0171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) has become an epidemic worldwide while T1D remains a great medical challenge. Insulin receptor (IR) signaling activators could alleviate hyperglycemia, reduce the burden on the pancreas, and contribute to prevention and treatment of both types of diabetes. Previously, we reported the synthesis and identification of a natural antidiabetic compound α-penta-galloyl-glucose (α-PGG). Subsequent studies led to the identification of an α-P6GG derivative, 6-chloro-6-deoxy-1,2,3,4-tetra-O-galloyl-α-D-glucopyranose (6Cl-TGQ). Here, we report that 6Cl-TGQ not only induced rapid and long-lasting glucose uptake comparable to insulin in adipocytes but also reduced high blood glucose levels to near normal and significantly decreased plasma insulin levels and improved glucose tolerance performance in high-fat diet-induced T2D mice when administered orally at 5 mg/kg once every other day. Moreover, a single gavage of 6Cl-TGQ at 10 mg/kg induced rapid and sharp decline of blood glucose in streptozotocin-induced T1D mice. Our studies further indicated that 6Cl-TGQ activated IR signaling in cell models and insulin-responsive tissues of mice. 6Cl-TGQ-induced Akt phosphorylation was completely blocked by IR and PI3K inhibitors, while the induced glucose uptake was blocked by the same compounds and a Glut4 inhibitor. Receptor binding studies indicated that 6Cl-TGQ bound to IR with a higher affinity than α-PGG. Importantly, 6Cl-TGQ, unlike insulin, selectively induced phosphorylation of IR without activating IGF1R or its signaling and did not increase cancer cell proliferation. These results indicate that 6Cl-TGQ is a potent orally efficacious compound with low carcinogenic potential and may contribute to the prevention and treatment of T1D and T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Cao
- Department of Biological Science, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio, USA
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854
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Mondrzyk A, Mondrzik B, Gingter S, Ritter H. New enzymatically polymerized copolymers from 4-tert-butylphenol and 4-ferrocenylphenol and their modification and inclusion complexes with β-cyclodextrin. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:2118-23. [PMID: 23243473 PMCID: PMC3520568 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 11/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The enzymatically catalyzed synthesis of a copolymer of 4-tert-butylphenol and 4-ferrocenylphenol by horse radish peroxidase (HRP) in the presence of H2O2 in a 1,4-dioxane/water system is described. Furthermore, polymer-analogous alkylation of the free hydroxy groups and subsequent click reaction with mono-6-azido-6-desoxy-β-cyclodextrin (N3-β-CD) was carried out. The formation of inter- and intramolecular inclusion complexes was investigated by DLS measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Mondrzyk
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Organische Chemie und Makromolekulare Chemie, Universitätsstrasse 1, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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855
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Cao ZH, Yang H, He ZL, Luo C, Xu ZQ, Gu DH, Jia JJ, Ge CR, Lin QY. Effects of aqueous extracts of raw pu-erh tea and ripened pu-erh tea on proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Phytother Res 2012; 27:1193-9. [PMID: 23027678 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.4831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 08/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Pu-erh tea has shown anti-obesity effects but little is known about its effect on proliferation and differentiation of preadipocytes. This study investigated the effects of the aqueous extracts of raw pu-erh tea and ripened pu-erh tea on proliferation and differentiation of murine 3T3-L1 preadiopocytes. We examined dose and time effects of both aqueous extracts on proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The contents of triglycerides in cytoplasm and the mRNA expression of critical transcriptional factors involved in differentiation were determined. Cytotoxicity and apoptosis rate of preadipocytes by pu-erh tea extracts treatment were test for toxic and pro-apoptotic effects. Both aqueous extracts of pu-erh tea inhibited the proliferation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes at the selected time points. At lower concentration of raw pu-erh tea extracts (less than 300 µg/ml) and ripened pu-erh tea extracts (less than 350 µg/ml), no significant cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic were observed. Ripened pu-erh tea was more effective with lower IC50 than raw pu-erh tea. Both extracts suppressed the differentiation and down-regulated the gene expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ and CCAAT/enhancer binding proteins-α. Therefore, these results indicate that both aqueous extracts of pu-erh tea can inhibit proliferation and differentiation with ripened pu-erh tea more potent. Polyphenol rich in both extracts may play a role in the inhibition of proliferation and differentiation of 3T3-L1 preadipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen-Hui Cao
- Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, PR China
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856
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Russell LH, Mazzio E, Badisa RB, Zhu ZP, Agharahimi M, Oriaku ET, Goodman CB. Autoxidation of gallic acid induces ROS-dependent death in human prostate cancer LNCaP cells. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:1595-1602. [PMID: 22593437 PMCID: PMC3356927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate cancer is the second most common cause of mortality. Gallic acid (GA) is a natural polyphenol, and we tested its in-vitro cytotoxicity after 24 h in prostate cancer LNCaP cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS GA autoxidation was measured fluorimetrically for H(2)O(2), and O(2)(•-) radicals by chemiluminescence. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were detected with 2',7'-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate. Cytotoxicity was evaluated by crystal-violet, while apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential were determined by flow cytometry. Cytochrome c release was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and caspase-8, -9 and -3 activities were measured calorimetrically. RESULTS GA autoxidation produced significant levels of H(2)O(2) and O2.-. Increased intracellular ROS levels with GA were reduced by N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) and L-glutathione (GSH). Cells were protected against GA cytotoxicity when pretreated with increasing levels of superoxide dismutase/catalase mixture, NAC, or GSH for 3 h. The number of apoptotic cells increased with GA dose. GA caused mitochondrial potential loss, cytochrome c release, and activation of caspases 3, 8 and 9. CONCLUSION The ROS-dependent apoptotic mechanism of GA kills malignant cells effectively; it is likely that GA could be a good anticancer agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larry H Russell
- Neuropharmacology Section, College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL 32307, USA
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857
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Teraoka M, Nakaso K, Kusumoto C, Katano S, Tajima N, Yamashita A, Zushi T, Ito S, Matsura T. Cytoprotective effect of chlorogenic acid against α-synuclein-related toxicity in catecholaminergic PC12 cells. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2012; 51:122-7. [PMID: 22962530 PMCID: PMC3432822 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.d-11-00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease is a major neurodegenerative disease involving the selective degeneration of dopaminergic neurons and α-synuclein containing Lewy bodies formation in the substantia nigra. Although α-synuclein is a key molecule for both dopaminergic neuron death and the formation of inclusion bodies, the mechanism of α-synuclein induction of Parkinson’s disease-related pathogenesis is not understood. In the present study, we found that the interaction between dopamine and α-synuclein requires the oxidation of dopamine. Furthermore, we examined the protective effect of chlorogenic acid, a major polyphenol contained in coffee, against α-syn and dopamine-related toxicity. Chlorogenic acid inhibits several DA/α-synuclein-related phenomenon, including the oxidation of dopamine, the interaction of oxidized dopamine with α-synuclein, and the oligomerization of α-synuclein under dopamine existing conditions in vitro. Finally, we showed that the cytoprotective effect against α-synuclein-related toxicity in PC12 cells that can be controlled by the Tet-Off system. Although the induction of α-synuclein in catecholaminergic PC12 cells causes a decrease in cell viability, chlorogenic acid rescued this cytotoxicity significantly in a dose dependent manner. These results suggest that the interaction of oxidized DA with α-synuclein may be a novel therapeutic target for Parkinson’s disease, and polyphenols, including chlorogenic acid, are candidates as protective and preventive agents for Parkinson’s disease onset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Teraoka
- Division of Medical Biochemistry, Department of Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Science, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University, 86, Nishi-cho, Yonago 683-8503, Japan
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858
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Donepudi AC, Aleksunes LM, Driscoll MV, Seeram NP, Slitt AL. The traditional ayurvedic medicine, Eugenia jambolana (Jamun fruit), decreases liver inflammation, injury and fibrosis during cholestasis. Liver Int 2012; 32:560-73. [PMID: 22212619 PMCID: PMC3299847 DOI: 10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02724.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2011] [Accepted: 11/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholestasis is a common disease of the liver. Chronic cholestasis eventually leads to hepatic cirrhosis and fibrosis, and rodent chronic cholestasis models are used to study aspects of fibrosis and cirrhosis. Cholestasis-induced liver injury and fibrosis are associated with increased oxidative stress and inflammation. Few pharmacological therapies exist for treatment of cholestasis or cirrhosis, but it is known that humans with better nutritional intake are less likely to develop certain types of cirrhosis. Eugenia jambolana (Jamun) is a tropical berry fruit rich in antioxidant anthocyanin compounds. AIM As anthocyanins decrease cellular lipid peroxidation and oxidative stress, it was hypothesized that Jamun fruit extract (JFE) administration could protect against cholestatic liver injury and inflammation in mice. METHOD Starting 24 h after sham or bile-duct ligation (BDL) surgery, male C57Bl/6 mice were administered vehicle or JFE (100 mg/kg, po) for 10 days. RESULTS Mice that underwent BDL had elevated serum ALT levels, which were reduced to 60% by JFE treatment. Likewise, BDL caused hepatic inflammation, macrophage infiltration, fibrosis and necrosis, all of which were largely improved by JFE. Interestingly, hepatoprotection was observed in JFE-treated BDL mice, despite suppressed transporter expression and increased hepatic bile acid concentrations. CONCLUSION Jamun fruit phytochemicals decreased hepatic inflammation and oxidative stress, and protected against hepatocellular injury in mice. Jamun warrants further investigation as a potential antioxidant/anti-inflammatory therapy not only to treat cholestasis but also other liver diseases with an inflammatory component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay C. Donepudi
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881
| | - Lauren M. Aleksunes
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, 170 Frelinghuysen Road, Piscataway, NJ 08854
| | - Maureen V. Driscoll
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881
| | - Navindra P. Seeram
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881
| | - Angela L. Slitt
- Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881
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859
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Abstract
Benzalacetone synthase, from the medicinal plant Rheum palmatum (RpBAS), is a plant-specific chalcone synthase (CHS) superfamily of type III polyketide synthase (PKS). RpBAS catalyzes the one-step, decarboxylative condensation of 4-coumaroyl-CoA with malonyl-CoA to produce the C(6)-C(4) benzalacetone scaffold. The X-ray crystal structures of RpBAS confirmed that the diketide-forming activity is attributable to the characteristic substitution of the conserved active-site "gatekeeper" Phe with Leu. Furthermore, the crystal structures suggested that RpBAS employs novel catalytic machinery for the thioester bond cleavage of the enzyme-bound diketide intermediate and the final decarboxylation reaction to produce benzalacetone. Finally, by exploiting the remarkable substrate tolerance and catalytic versatility of RpBAS, precursor-directed biosynthesis efficiently generated chemically and structurally divergent, unnatural novel polyketide scaffolds. These findings provided a structural basis for the functional diversity of the type III PKS enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiko Shimokawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologyChiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologyChiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Natural Medicine, University of ToyamaToyama, Japan
| | - Ikuro Abe
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of TokyoBunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
- Japan Science and Technology Agency, Core Research for Evolutional Science and TechnologyChiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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860
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Samuel T, Fadlalla K, Mosley L, Katkoori V, Turner T, Manne U. Dual-mode interaction between quercetin and DNA-damaging drugs in cancer cells. Anticancer Res 2012; 32:61-71. [PMID: 22213289 PMCID: PMC3525707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA-damaging drugs constitute standard chemotherapy regimen for advanced colorectal cancer. Here, the interactions between quercetin and 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), etoposide, and camptothecin were examined in cancer cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS HCT116 colorectal or PPC1 prostate cancer cells were treated with quercetin and the drugs. Clonogenicity assays, cell cycle profiles, and expressions of p53, p21, BAX, survivin and cyclin B1 proteins were used to examine the effects of the treatments. RESULTS Quercetin synergistically inhibited the clonogenicity of the wild-type cells, but inhibited the cell cycle effects of all the drugs tested. In p53-null cells, the combination of low dose 5-FU with up to 6 μM quercetin promoted clonogenic survival. Treatment of p53-wild-type cells with 50 μM quercetin reduced drug-induced up-regulation of p53, p21 and BAX. The combination of quercetin and the drugs also reduced the levels of cyclin B1 and survivin proteins. CONCLUSION While high doses of quercetin synergize with DNA-damaging agents, the effect of drug combination with quercetin is influenced by the effective doses and the p53 status of the cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Temesgen Samuel
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nursing and Allied Health, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, AL 36088, USA.
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861
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Farrapo NM, Silva GAA, Costa KN, Silva MG, Cogo JC, Belo CAD, dos Santos MG, Groppo FC, Oshima-Franco Y. Inhibition of Bothrops jararacussu venom activities by Plathymenia reticulata Benth extracts. J Venom Res 2011; 2:52-8. [PMID: 22331992 PMCID: PMC3269806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2011] [Revised: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Hexane (HEX), dichloromethane (DM), ethyl acetate (EA) and methanol (M) extracts (0.1, 0.2 and 0.4mg/ml) were obtained via Soxhlet from Plathymenia reticulata barks (Pr). These extracts were evaluated against the myotoxicity (58%) and the irreversible in vitro neuromuscular blockade of Bothrops jararacussu (Bjssu) venom (40μg/ml) in a mouse phrenic-nerve diaphragm preparation, by using light-microscopy and conventional myographic techniques. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) was used to access the basic composition of extracts. The efficacy of the extracts was analyzed by Student's t-test or repeated measures ANOVA. The significance level was set at 5%. The Pr extracts showed a higher polyphenols content (3.75%), from which tannins take part, around 20 times more than flavonoids content (0.16%). Qualitatively, via TLC, DM and EA extracts showed higher tannins concentration than the HEX and M extracts. Pharmacologically, at 0.4mg/ml, DM was more effective (92 ± 6.2%) than EA (81.3 ±10%) = HEX, 77.2 ±4.7%) > M (54 ±10%) against the toxic effects of the venom. Morphologically, DM extract preserved intact 52.8% of the muscle fibers in the presence of the venom. We concluded that P. reticulata extracts are able to inhibit toxic effects of B. jararacussu venom, whose protective mechanism could be mediated by tannins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole M Farrapo
- αUniversity of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo
Tavares km 92.5, Zip code 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Gleidy AA Silva
- αUniversity of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo
Tavares km 92.5, Zip code 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Karine N Costa
- αUniversity of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo
Tavares km 92.5, Zip code 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Magali G Silva
- αUniversity of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo
Tavares km 92.5, Zip code 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José C Cogo
- βUniversity of Vale do Paraíba (UNIVAP), Av
Shishima Hifumi, 2911, Zip code 12.244-000 São José dos Campos,
SP, Brazil
| | - Cháriston A Dal Belo
- λFederal University of Pampa (UNIPAMPA), Av
Antônio Trilha, 1847, Zip code 97300-000, São Gabriel, RS,
Brazil
| | - Márcio G dos Santos
- ¥Federal University of Tocantins, UFT,
Post-Graduation Course in Environmental Sciences, PGCiamb Av NS 15 ALC NO 14,
109 Norte, Zip code 77001-090, Palmas, TO, Brazil
| | - Francisco C Groppo
- φPiracicaba Dental School, State University of
Campinas (UNICAMP), Av Limeira 901, Zip code 13414-903 Piracicaba, SP,
Brazil
| | - Yoko Oshima-Franco
- αUniversity of Sorocaba (UNISO), Rodovia Raposo
Tavares km 92.5, Zip code 18023-000 Sorocaba, SP, Brazil,,*Correspondence to: Yoko Oshima-Franco, E-mail:
, Tel: +55 15 2101 7000, Fax: +55 15 2101
7112
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862
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Kang SW, Hahn S, Kim JK, Yang SM, Park BJ, Chul Lee S. Oligomerized lychee fruit extract (OLFE) and a mixture of vitamin C and vitamin E for endurance capacity in a double blind randomized controlled trial. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 50:106-13. [PMID: 22448090 PMCID: PMC3303472 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.11-46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Antioxidant supplementations are commonly used as an ergogenic aid for physical exercise despite its limited evidence. The study aimed to investigate the effects of a polyphenol mixture and vitamins on exercise endurance capacity. Seventy regularly exercising male participants were randomly assigned to receive oligomerized lychee fruit extract, a mixture of vitamin C (800 mg) and E (320 IU), or a placebo for 30 consecutive days. The study results showed that oligomerized lychee fruit extract significantly elevated the submaximal running time (p = 0.01). The adjusted mean change was 3.87 min (95% CI: 1.29, 6.46) for oligomerized lychee fruit extract, 1.33 (−1.23, 3.89) for the vitamins, and 1.60 (−1.36, 4.56) for the placebo (p = 0.33 in between groups). Oligomerized lychee fruit extract significantly increased the anaerobic threshold by 7.4% (1.8, 13.0). On the other hand, vitamins significantly attenuated VO2max by −3.11 ml/kg/m (−5.35, −0.87). Their effects on plasma free radical amount, however, were similar. Our results suggest that a polyphenol-containing supplement and typical antioxidants may have different mechanisms of action and that the endurance-promoting effect of oligomerized lychee fruit extract may not directly come from the scavenging of free radicals but may be attributed to other non-antioxidant properties of polyphenols, which requires further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Wan Kang
- Institute of Complementary and Integrative Medicine, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University
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863
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Nagai M, Tani M, Kishimoto Y, Iizuka M, Saita E, Toyozaki M, Kamiya T, Ikeguchi M, Kondo K. Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves suppressed oxidation of low density lipoprotein (LDL) in vitro and in human subjects. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2011; 48:203-8. [PMID: 21562639 PMCID: PMC3082074 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.10-84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) leaves are consumed as vegetables around the world, especially in Southeast Asia. The aim of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effect of sweet potato leaves on low-density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro and in human subjects. We compared the antioxidant activity of 8 kinds of sweet potato leaves. Every sweet potato leaf had high radical scavenging activity and prolonged a lag time for starting low-density lipoprotein oxidation in vitro. We found that sweet potato leaves contained abundant polyphenol compounds and the radical scavenging activity and prolongation rate of lag time were highly correlated with total polyphenol content. We also confirmed that thiobarbituric acid reactive substances production was increased in endothelial cell-mediated low-density lipoprotein oxidation, which was decreased by treatment with sweet potato leaves. We further measured the low-density lipoprotein oxidizability in 13 healthy volunteers after their intake of 18 g of “Suioh”, raw sweet potato leaves. “Suioh” prolonged a lag time for starting low-density lipoprotein oxidation and decreased low-density lipoprotein mobility. These results suggest that sweet potato leaves have antioxidant activity leading to the suppression of low-density lipoprotein oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miu Nagai
- Institute of Environmental Science for Human Life, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
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864
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Lin J, Chen A. Curcumin diminishes the impacts of hyperglycemia on the activation of hepatic stellate cells by suppressing membrane translocation and gene expression of glucose transporter-2. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2011; 333:160-71. [PMID: 21195127 PMCID: PMC3039105 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2010.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2010] [Revised: 11/22/2010] [Accepted: 12/20/2010] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is featured by elevated levels of blood glucose, i.e. hyperglycemia, which might be a risk factor for hepatic fibrogenesis in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) are the major effectors during hepatic fibrogenesis. This study was designed to evaluate impacts of high levels of glucose on HSC activation, assess roles of the phytochemical curcumin in attenuating the glucose impacts, and elucidate underlying mechanisms. In this report, levels of intracellular glucose were measured. Contents and gene expression of glucose transporter-2 (GLUT2) in cell fractions were examined. Levels of cellular glutathione and oxidative stress were analyzed. We observed that high levels of glucose induced cell proliferation, type I collagen production and expression of genes relevant to HSC activation, and elevated intracellular glucose levels in cultured HSCs. Curcumin eliminated the stimulatory impacts. Curcumin abrogated the membrane translocation of GLUT2 by interrupting the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, curcumin suppressed glut2 expression by stimulating the activity of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) and de novo synthesis of glutathione. In conclusion, hyperglycemia stimulated HSC activation in vitro by increasing intracellular glucose, which was eliminated by curcumin by blocking the membrane translocation of GLUT2 and suppressing glut2 expression. The latter was mediated by activating PPARγ and attenuating oxidative stress. Our results presented evidence to impacts of hyperglycemia on stimulating HSC activation and hepatic fibrogenesis, and provided novel insights into the mechanisms by which curcumin eliminated the hyperglycemia-caused HSC activation and potential therapeutic strategies for treatment of diabetes-associated hepatic fibrogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anping Chen
- Corresponding author: Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Saint Louis University, 1100 S. Grand Blvd, Edward A. Doisy Research Center, St. Louis, MO, 63104, Tel: 314-977-7832; Fax: 314-977-8499,
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865
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Abstract
A polycyclic collapse : Use of a carefully designed acyclic intermediate provided the means to execute a cascade-based construction which formed the entire core of the polyketide-derived dalesconols in a single flask. A number of additional and carefully controlled synthetic operations completed an expeditious synthesis of both of these highly bioactive natural products as well as structural congenors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Snyder
- Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, Havemeyer Hall-MC 3129, 3000 Broadway, New York, NY 10027, USA.
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866
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Abstract
The prevalence of overweight and obesity and their associated metabolic disorders are considered a major threat to the public’s health. While several diet and exercise programs are available for weight loss and prevention of weight regain, progress is often slow and disappointing. Recently, natural bioactive phytochemicals present in foods have been discovered for their potential health benefit effects on the prevention of chronic disorders such as cancer, cardiovascular disease, inflammatory and metabolic diseases including obesity. Polyphenols are a class of naturally-occurring phytochemicals, of which some such as catechins, anthocynines, resveratrol and curcumin have been shown to modulate physiological and molecular pathways that are involved in energy metabolism, adiposity, and obesity. The potential in vivo, beneficial effects of these polyphenols on adiposity and obesity as complementary agents in the up-regulation of energy expenditure have emerged by investigating these compounds in cell cultures, animal models of obesity and in some human clinical and epidemiological studies. In this brief review, the efficacy of the above-named polyphenols and their potential efficacy to modulate obesity and some associated disorders are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsen Meydani
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed: Tel.: 617-556-3126; Fax: 617-556-3224
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867
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Lamoral-Theys D, Pottier L, Kerff F, Dufrasne F, Proutière F, Wauthoz N, Neven P, Ingrassia L, Van Antwerpen P, Lefranc F, Gelbcke M, Pirotte B, Kraus JL, Nève J, Kornienko A, Kiss R, Dubois J. Simple di- and trivanillates exhibit cytostatic properties toward cancer cells resistant to pro-apoptotic stimuli. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:3823-33. [PMID: 20466556 PMCID: PMC4966668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.04.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2009] [Revised: 04/08/2010] [Accepted: 04/16/2010] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A series of 33 novel divanillates and trivanillates were synthesized and found to possess promising cytostatic rather than cytotoxic properties. Several compounds under study decreased by >50% the activity of Aurora A, B, and C, and WEE1 kinase activity at concentrations <10% of their IC(50) growth inhibitory ones, accounting, at least partly, for their cytostatic effects in cancer cells and to a lesser extent in normal cells. Compounds 6b and 13c represent interesting starting points for the development of cytostatic agents to combat cancers, which are naturally resistant to pro-apoptotic stimuli, including metastatic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Lamoral-Theys
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Toxicologie et Chimie Physique Appliquée, Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Laurent Pottier
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Kerff
- Centre d'Ingéniérie des Protéines, Institut de Chimie B6, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - François Dufrasne
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique, Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Fabien Proutière
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Wauthoz
- Laboratoire de Pharmacie Galénique et Biopharmacie, Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Neven
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Laurent Ingrassia
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Van Antwerpen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique, Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Florence Lefranc
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Michel Gelbcke
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique, Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Pirotte
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique, Centre Interfacultaire de Recherche du Médicament, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, Université de Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jean-Louis Kraus
- Laboratoire de Chimie Biomoléculaire, CNRS, IBDML-UMR-6216, Campus de Luminy Case 907 13288, Marseille cedex 09, France
| | - Jean Nève
- Laboratoire de Chimie Pharmaceutique Organique, Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Alexander Kornienko
- Department of Chemistry, New Mexico Institute of Mining and Technology, Socorro, NM 87801, USA
| | - Robert Kiss
- Laboratoire de Toxicologie, Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jacques Dubois
- Laboratoire de Chimie Analytique, Toxicologie et Chimie Physique Appliquée, Institut de Pharmacie, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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868
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Xia EQ, Deng GF, Guo YJ, Li HB. Biological activities of polyphenols from grapes. Int J Mol Sci 2010; 11:622-46. [PMID: 20386657 PMCID: PMC2852857 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11020622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 542] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2009] [Revised: 01/26/2010] [Accepted: 01/29/2010] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The dietary consumption of grape and its products is associated with a lower incidence of degenerative diseases such as cardiovascular disease and certain types of cancers. Most recent interest has focused on the bioactive phenolic compounds in grape. Anthocyanins, flavanols, flavonols and resveratrol are the most important grape polyphenols because they possess many biological activities, such as antioxidant, cardioprotective, anticancer, anti-inflammation, antiaging and antimicrobial properties. This review summarizes current knowledge on the bioactivities of grape phenolics. The extraction, isolation and identification methods of polyphenols from grape as well as their bioavailability and potential toxicity also are included.
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Affiliation(s)
- En-Qin Xia
- Department of Nutrition, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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869
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Johnson JJ, Bailey HH, Mukhtar H. Green tea polyphenols for prostate cancer chemoprevention: a translational perspective. Phytomedicine 2010; 17:3-13. [PMID: 19959000 PMCID: PMC2789276 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2009] [Revised: 08/26/2009] [Accepted: 09/22/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Every year nearly 200,000 men in the United States are diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa), and another 29,000 men succumb to the disease. Within certain regions of the world population based studies have identified a possible role for green tea in the prevention of certain cancers, especially PCa. One constituent in particular, epigallocatechin-3-gallate also known as EGCG has been shown in cell culture models to decrease cell viability and promote apoptosis in multiple cancer cell lines including PCa with no effect on non-cancerous cell lines. In addition, animal models have consistently shown that standardized green tea polyphenols when administered in drinking water delay the development and progression of PCa. Altogether, three clinical trials have been performed in PCa patients and suggest that green tea may have a distinct role as a chemopreventive agent. This review will present the available data for standardized green tea polyphenols in regard to PCa chemoprevention that will include epidemiological, mechanism based studies, safety, pharmacokinetics, and applicable clinical trials. The data that has been collected so far suggests that green tea may be a promising agent for PCa chemoprevention and further clinical trials of participants at risk of PCa or early stage PCa are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Johnson
- University of Wisconsin School of Pharmacy, Division of Pharmacy Practice, 1031 Rennebohm Hall, Madison, WI, USA.
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870
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Tanaka T, Matsuo Y, Kouno I. Chemistry of secondary polyphenols produced during processing of tea and selected foods. Int J Mol Sci 2009; 11:14-40. [PMID: 20161999 DOI: 10.3390/ijms11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Revised: 12/19/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This review will discuss recent progress in the chemistry of secondary polyphenols produced during food processing. The production mechanism of the secondary polyphenols in black tea, whisky, cinnamon, and persimmon fruits will be introduced. In the process of black tea production, tea leaf catechins are enzymatically oxidized to yield a complex mixture of oxidation products, including theaflavins and thearubigins. Despite the importance of the beverage, most of the chemical constituents have not yet been confirmed due to the complexity of the mixture. However, the reaction mechanisms at the initial stages of catechin oxidation are explained by simple quinone-phenol coupling reactions. In vitro model experiments indicated the presence of interesting regio- and stereoselective reactions. Recent results on the reaction mechanisms will be introduced. During the aging of whisky in oak wood barrels, ellagitannins originating from oak wood are oxidized and react with ethanol to give characteristic secondary ellagitannins. The major part of the cinnamon procyanidins is polymerized by copolymerization with cinnamaldehyde. In addition, anthocyanidin structural units are generated in the polymer molecules by oxidation which accounts for the reddish coloration of the cinnamon extract. This reaction is related to the insolubilization of proanthocyanidins in persimmon fruits by condensation with acetaldehyde. In addition to oxidation, the reaction of polyphenols with aldehydes may be important in food processing.
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871
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Abstract
Soybean peroxidase (SBP) was used to catalyze the polymerization of phenols in room-temperature ionic liquids (RTILs). Phenolic polymers with number average molecular weights ranging from 1200 to 4100 D were obtained depending on the composition of the reaction medium and the nature of the phenol. Specifically, SBP was highly active in methylimidazolium-containing RTILs, including 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate (BMIM(BF(4))), and 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium tetrafluoroborate (BMPy(BF(4))) with the ionic liquid content as high as 90% (v/v); the balance being aqueous buffer. Gel permeation chromatography and MALDI-TOF analysis indicated that higher molecular weight polymers can be synthesized in the presence of higher RTIL concentrations, with selective control over polymer size achieved by varying the RTIL concentration. The resulting polyphenols exhibited high thermostability and possessed thermosetting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilge Eker
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Dmitri Zagorevski
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Guangyu Zhu
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Robert J. Linhardt
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
- Department of Biology, Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
| | - Jonathan S. Dordick
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
- Department of Biology, Rensselaer Nanotechnology Center, Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180
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872
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Kim DS, Lee EJ, Cho KS, Yoon SJ, Lee YH, Hong SJ. Preventive effects of oligomerized polyphenol on estradiol-induced prostatitis in rats. Yonsei Med J 2009; 50:391-8. [PMID: 19568602 PMCID: PMC2703763 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2009.50.3.391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2008] [Revised: 10/05/2008] [Accepted: 10/14/2008] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS, NIH category III) accounts for 90-95% of prostatitis cases. However, standard treatment has not yet been established. It is known that polyphenols have an inhibitory effect on inflammation by their antioxidative capacity, and oligonol, a polyphenol derivative, has much higher bioavailability and bioactivity than common polyphenols. We investigated the anti-inflammatory effects and mechanisms of oligonol in estradiol-induced prostatitis rat models. MATERIALS AND METHODS Prostatitis was induced by 17 beta-estradiol (E2) and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) in Wistar male rats (n = 20). Ten rats were placed in the oligonol-treated group and 10 in the E2 + DHT-treated group. The other 10 rats were also included as normal control group. Oligonol (60 mg/kg/day) was administered via gavage tube for 4 weeks. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) were quantified, and phosphorylation of IkappaBa and histological changes were also evaluated in prostatic tissue. RESULTS The SOD and GPx activity showed tendencies to increase in the oligonol-treated group compared to the normal control group. TNF-alpha expression was slightly reduced in the oligonol-treated group. Western blotting demonstrated that phosphorylation of IkappaBa in the oligonol-treated group was significantly lower than in the normal control group. The E2 + DHT-treated group revealed severe atrophy of acinar epithelial cells and infiltration of leukocytes and lymphocytes in the prostate, however, the oligonol-treated group showed overall reduction in inflammatory features. CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that oligonol improves estradiol-induced non-bacterial prostatitis by regulating phosphorylation of IkappaBa. These findings suggest that oligonol has a beneficial effect on prevention and treatment of CP/CPPS.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kang Su Cho
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - So Jung Yoon
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Hoon Lee
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung Joon Hong
- Department of Urology, Urological Science Institute, Brain Korea 21 Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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873
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Mitsuhashi S, Saito A, Nakajima N, Shima H, Ubukata M. Pyrogallol structure in polyphenols is involved in apoptosis-induction on HEK293T and K562 cells. Molecules 2008; 13:2998-3006. [PMID: 19052524 PMCID: PMC6245436 DOI: 10.3390/molecules13122998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2008] [Revised: 11/27/2008] [Accepted: 12/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
As multiple mechanisms account for polyphenol-induced cytotoxicity, the development of structure-activity relationships (SARs) may facilitate research on cancer therapy. We studied SARs of representatives of 10 polyphenol structural types: (+)-catechin (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), (-)-epigallocatechin (3), (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (4), gallic acid (5), procyanidin B2 (6), procyanidin B3 (7), procyanidin B4 (8), procyanidin C1 (9), and procyanidin C2 (10). Amongst them, the polyphenols containing a pyrogallol moiety (3-5) showed the most potent cytotoxicic activity. These compounds evoked a typical DNA-laddering phenomenon in HEK293T, which indicated that the induction of apoptosis at least partly mediates their cytotoxic activity. Anti-oxidative capacity of compounds 3-5 were comparable to those of the trimers 9 and 10, which were not cytotoxic. Therefore, we suggest that pyrogallol moiety is important for fitting of polyphenols to their putative target molecule(s) in non-oxidative mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Mitsuhashi
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; E-mail: (S. M.)
| | - Akiko Saito
- Biotechnology Center, Toyama Prefecture, Kosugi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan
- Present address: Antibiotics Laboratory, Discovery Research Institute, RIKEN 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan; E-mail: (A. S.)
| | - Noriyuki Nakajima
- Biotechnology Research Center, Toyama Prefectural University, Kosugi, Toyama 939-0398, Japan; E-mail: (N. N.)
| | - Hiroshi Shima
- Division of Cancer Chemotherapy, Research Institute, Miyagi Cancer Center, Natori, Japan; E-mail: (H. S.)
| | - Makoto Ubukata
- Division of Applied Bioscience, Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9, Nishi-9, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan; E-mail: (S. M.)
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874
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Maruyama C, Araki R, Kawamura M, Kondo N, Kigawa M, Kawai Y, Takanami Y, Miyashita K, Shimomitsu T. Azuki bean juice lowers serum triglyceride concentrations in healthy young women. J Clin Biochem Nutr 2008; 43:19-25. [PMID: 18648655 PMCID: PMC2459248 DOI: 10.3164/jcbn.2008039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2008] [Accepted: 01/24/2008] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Effects of azuki bean juice supplementation, prescribed according to a Kanpo medicine regimen, on serum lipid concentrations were studied. Healthy young Japanese women were recruited and were randomly assigned to one of the three groups using a parallel-group design. Control (n = 10), azuki (n = 11) and Concentrated azuki (CA) (n = 12) juice groups consumed 150 g daily of the isocaloric assigned juice for one menstrual cycle with their usual diet. Triglyceride concentrations were decreased in the azuki juice group (p<0.05) and tended to be decreased in the CA juice group (p = 0.055). Triglyceride concentrations in the azuki and CA juice groups decreased by 0.170 mmol/liter (15.4%) and 0.159 mmol/liter (17.9%), respectively (p<0.05). The azuki and CA juice used in this study inhibited pancreatic lipase activity 29.2% and 56.9%, respectively, in vitro. Lipid peroxide changes, based on ANCOVA with the initial level and alpha-tocopherol changes as covariates, did not differ among the three groups. Serum low density lipoprotein-cholesterol and high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL) cholesterol concentrations did not change. Thus, azuki bean juice intake, as a traditional Kampo prescription, might be beneficial for preventing hypertriglyceridemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chizuko Maruyama
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women’s University, 2-8-1, Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Risa Araki
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women’s University, 2-8-1, Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Mito Kawamura
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women’s University, 2-8-1, Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Naoko Kondo
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women’s University, 2-8-1, Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Mieko Kigawa
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Japan Women’s University, 2-8-1, Mejirodai, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8681, Japan
| | - Yukari Kawai
- Sport Medical Research Center, Doshisha University, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - Koichi Miyashita
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Teruichi Shimomitsu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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875
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Abstract
Polyphenols such as resveratrol and quercetin, which are produced by stressed plants, activate sirtuin enzymes and extend the lifespan of fungi and animals, ostensibly by mimicking the beneficial effects of caloric restriction. This observation raises an interesting question: Why should foreign molecules that are non-nutritive and seemingly unrelated to any endogenous molecule modulate the same biochemical pathways that mediate the response to an energy deficit? A possible explanation is that the sirtuin enzymes have evolved to respond to plant stress molecules as indicators of an impending deterioration of the environment. This idea has become known as the Xenohormesis Hypothesis, the name stemming from a combination of the prefix xeno-(for stranger) with hormesis (a protective response induced by mild stress). Here we review the evidence for xenohormesis in a broader context, taking into account the diverse spectrum of phytochemicals to which animals are exposed. We also consider alternative hypotheses that may explain some of the beneficial effects of plant-based foods. We suggest that xenohormesis, defined as an adaptive response in the physiology of an organism to molecular cues that are neither nutritive nor direct stressors, most likely occurs at some level. Whether this can fully or partially account for the beneficial effects of resveratrol and other phytochemicals remains to be seen. However, there is already sufficient cause to re-evaluate the relationship between complex organisms, including humans and their food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Baur
- Department of Pathology, Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115
| | - David A Sinclair
- Department of Pathology, Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging, Harvard Medical School, 77 Avenue Louis Pasteur, Boston, MA 02115
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876
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Abstract
Ninety-two wines from the southernmost wine-producing region in Hungary (Villány) were analyzed for their polyphenolic content by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Our results show that wine variety or vintage year could not be distinguished based on polyphenol content, but winery origin could be. Resveratrol concentration is mainly dependent on variety and vintage year. The “human factor” (i.e., winemaking style and technology) seems to be more decisive for the polyphenolic composition of red wines than other factors, such as variety and vintage year.
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877
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Zheng S, Yumei F, Chen A. De novo synthesis of glutathione is a prerequisite for curcumin to inhibit hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation. Free Radic Biol Med 2007; 43:444-53. [PMID: 17602960 PMCID: PMC2562715 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Revised: 02/21/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
On liver injury, quiescent hepatic stellate cells (HSC), the most relevant cell type for hepatic fibrogenesis, become active, characterized by enhanced cell growth and overproduction of extracellular matrix (ECM). Oxidative stress facilitates HSC activation and the pathogenesis of hepatic fibrosis. Glutathione (GSH) is the most important intracellular antioxidant. We previously showed that curcumin, the yellow pigment in curry from turmeric, significantly inhibited HSC activation. The aim of this study is to elucidate the underlying mechanisms. It is hypothesized that curcumin might inhibit HSC activation mainly by its antioxidant capacity. Results from this study demonstrate that curcumin dose and time dependently attenuates oxidative stress in passaged HSC demonstrated by scavenging reactive oxygen species and reducing lipid peroxidation. Curcumin elevates the level of cellular GSH and induces de novo synthesis of GSH in HSC by stimulating the activity and gene expression of glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a key rate-limiting enzyme in GSH synthesis. Depletion of cellular GSH by the inhibition of GCL activity using L-buthionine sulfoximine evidently eliminates the inhibitory effects of curcumin on HSC activation. Taken together, our results demonstrate, for the first time, that the antioxidant property of curcumin mainly results from increasing the level of cellular GSH by inducing the activity and gene expression of GCL in activated HSC in vitro. De novo synthesis of GSH is a prerequisite for curcumin to inhibit HSC activation. These results provide novel insights into the mechanisms of curcumin as an antifibrogenic candidate in the prevention and treatment of hepatic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shizhong Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, China
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878
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Hofmann T, Glabasnia A, Schwarz B, Wisman KN, Gangwer KA, Hagerman AE. Protein binding and astringent taste of a polymeric procyanidin, 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose, castalagin, and grandinin. J Agric Food Chem 2006; 54:9503-9. [PMID: 17147439 PMCID: PMC2597504 DOI: 10.1021/jf062272c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the present investigation was to examine the oral astringency and protein-binding activity of four structurally well-defined tannins, namely, procyanidin [epicatechin16(4-->8)catechin], pentagalloyl glucose (1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucopyranose), castalagin, and grandinin, representing the three main structural categories of tannins, the proanthocyanidins, the gallotannins, and the ellagitannins. Astringency threshold and dos/response were determined by the half-tongue test using a trained human panel. Protein-binding stoichiometry and relative affinity were determined using radioiodinated bovine serum albumin in precipitation or competitive binding assays. Procyanidin and pentagalloyl glucose were perceived as highly astringent compounds and had relatively steep dose/response curves, but castalagin and grandinin had a lower mass threshold for detection. In vitro, procyanidin was the most effective protein-precipitating agent and grandinin the least. Increasing the temperature increased protein precipitation by the hydrolyzable tannins, especially grandinin. All four polyphenols had higher relative affinities for proline-rich proteins than for bovine serum albumin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Hofmann
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Corrensstrasse 45, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Arne Glabasnia
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Corrensstrasse 45, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Bernd Schwarz
- Institut für Lebensmittelchemie, Corrensstrasse 45, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, D-48149 Münster Germany
| | - Kimberly N. Wisman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford OH 45056, USA
| | - Kelly A. Gangwer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford OH 45056, USA
| | - Ann E. Hagerman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford OH 45056, USA
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879
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Abstract
Small molecules that activate signaling pathways used by neurotrophic factors could be useful for treating CNS disorders. Here we show that the flavonoid fisetin activates ERK and induces cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in rat hippocampal slices, facilitates long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices, and enhances object recognition in mice. Together, these data demonstrate that the natural product fisetin can facilitate long-term memory, and therefore it may be useful for treating patients with memory disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Maher
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, 10010 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA.
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880
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Labinskyy N, Csiszar A, Veress G, Stef G, Pacher P, Oroszi G, Wu J, Ungvari Z. Vascular dysfunction in aging: potential effects of resveratrol, an anti-inflammatory phytoestrogen. Curr Med Chem 2006; 13:989-96. [PMID: 16611080 PMCID: PMC2228263 DOI: 10.2174/092986706776360987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrated that even in the absence of other risk factors (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypercholesterolemia), advanced age itself significantly increases cardiovascular morbidity by enhancing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation. Because the population in the Western world is rapidly aging, there is a substantial need for pharmacological interventions that delay the functional decline of the cardiovascular system. Resveratrol is an atoxic phytoestrogen found in more than 70 plants including grapevine and berries. Recent data suggest that nutritional intake of resveratrol and other polyphenol compounds may contribute to the "French paradox", the unexpectedly low cardiovascular morbidity in the Mediterranean population. There is increasing evidence that resveratrol exerts multifaceted anti-oxidant and/or anti-inflammatory effects in various disease models. Importantly, resveratrol was reported to slow aging and increase lifespan in simple organisms and has been suggested as a potential calorie restriction mimetic. Resveratrol has also been reported to activate NAD-dependent histone deacetylases (sirtuins), which may contribute to its anti-aging effects. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular dysfunction in aging, and on emerging anti-aging therapeutic strategies offered by resveratrol and other polyphenol compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Labinskyy
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Gabor Veress
- State Hospital for Cardiology, Balatonfured 8230, Hungary
| | - Gyorgyi Stef
- State Hospital for Cardiology, Balatonfured 8230, Hungary
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies and Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9413, USA
| | - Gabor Oroszi
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies and Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9413, USA
| | - Joseph Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
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881
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Abstract
There is persuasive epidemiological and experimental evidence that dietary polyphenols have anti-inflammatory activity. Aspirin and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have long been used to combat inflammation. Recently, cyclooxygenase (COX) inhibitors have been developed and recommended for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA). However, two COX inhibitors have been withdrawn from the market due to unexpected side effects. Because conventional therapeutic and surgical approaches have not been able to fully control the incidence and outcome of many inflammatory diseases, there is an urgent need to find safer compounds and to develop mechanism-based approaches for the management of these diseases. Polyphenols are found in many dietary plant products, including fruits, vegetables, beverages, herbs, and spices. Several of these compounds have been found to inhibit the inflammation process as well as tumorigenesis in experimental animals; they can also exhibit potent biological properties. In addition, epidemiological studies have indicated that populations who consume foods rich in specific polyphenols have lower incidences of inflammatory disease. This paper provides an overview of the research approaches that can be used to unravel the biology and health effects of polyphenols. Polyphenols have diverse biological effects, however, this review will focus on some of the pivotal molecular targets that directly affect the inflammation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo-Heon Yoon
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- The Airway Mucus Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Joon Baek
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, USA
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882
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Finley JW. Proposed criteria for assessing the efficacy of cancer reduction by plant foods enriched in carotenoids, glucosinolates, polyphenols and selenocompounds. Ann Bot 2005; 95:1075-96. [PMID: 15784686 PMCID: PMC4246895 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mci123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2004] [Revised: 01/07/2005] [Accepted: 01/26/2005] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS The cancer-protective properties of vegetable consumption are most likely mediated through 'bioactive compounds' that induce a variety of physiologic functions including acting as direct or indirect antioxidants, regulating enzymes and controlling apoptosis and the cell cycle. The 'functional food' industry has produced and marketed foods enriched with bioactive compounds, but there are no universally accepted criteria for judging efficacy of the compounds or enriched foods. SCOPE Carotenoids, glucosinolates, polyphenols and selenocompounds are families of bioactive compounds common to vegetables. Although numerous studies have investigated the agricultural and human health implications of enriching foods with one or more of these compounds, inadequate chemical identification of compounds, lack of relevant endpoints and inconsistencies in mechanistic hypotheses and experimental methodologies leave many critical gaps in our understanding of the benefits of such compounds. This review proposes a decision-making process for determining whether there is reasonable evidence of efficacy for the both the compound and the enriched food. These criteria have been used to judge the evidence of efficacy for cancer prevention by carotenoids, polyphenols, glucosinolates and selenocompounds. CONCLUSIONS The evidence of efficacy is weak for carotenoids and polyphenols; the evidence is stronger for glucosinolates and lycopene, but production of enriched foods still is premature. Additionally there is unacceptable variability in the amount and chemical form of these compounds in plants. The evidence of efficacy for selenocompounds is strong, but the clinical study that is potentially the most convincing is still in progress; also the variability in amount and chemical form of Se in plants is a problem. These gaps in understanding bioactive compounds and their health benefits should not serve to reduce research interest but should, instead, encourage plant and nutritional scientists to work together to develop strategies for improvement of health through food.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Finley
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58202-9034, USA.
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883
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Arnold T, Appel H, Patel V, Stocum E, Kavalier A, Schultz J. Carbohydrate translocation determines the phenolic content of Populus foliage: a test of the sink-source model of plant defense. New Phytol 2004; 164:157-164. [PMID: 33873480 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2004.01157.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
• Here, we examine the influence of source-to-sink carbohydrate (CHO) flow on the development of constitutive and inducible levels of phenylpropenoids in hybrid poplar (Populus nigra × P. deltoides) foliage to determine if secondary metabolic processes in plant modules can be inhibited in a predictable manner by events such as herbivory and the development of new leaves and reproductive structures, which alter the path of phloem-borne resources. • Phenylpropenoid concentrations were determined for developing foliage after CHO flow, measured as the translocation of 13 C from labeled sources was manipulated. • Phenylpropenoid metabolism in both unwounded and induced sink leaves was directly and positively linked to rates of CHO import. Alterations in rates of translocation yielded different results, depending on how CHO import was affected: the removal of competing sinks rapidly and dramatically increased leaf phenolic contents, whereas phenolic levels (and their inducibility) tended to be reduced when import was interrupted. • High and inducible sink strength in developing poplar leaves provides resources for phenolic biosynthesis and, as a result, restrictions or re-directions of CHOs affect the foliar quality. Sink strength and the vascular architecture of plants, which confer upon them a modular nature, can determine the direction and magnitude of defense responses in trees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tom Arnold
- Department of Biology, Dickinson College, Carlisle, PA 17013, USA
| | - Heidi Appel
- Pesticide Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Penn State University, State College PA 19958, USA
| | - Vishal Patel
- Pesticide Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Penn State University, State College PA 19958, USA
| | - Eileen Stocum
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston SC 29404, USA
| | - Adam Kavalier
- Department of Biology, College of Charleston, Charleston SC 29404, USA
| | - Jack Schultz
- Pesticide Research Laboratory, Department of Entomology, Penn State University, State College PA 19958, USA
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884
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Hewlett TE, Hewlett EM, Dickson DW. Response of Meloidogyne spp., Heterodera glycines, and Radopholus similis to Tannic Acid. J Nematol 1997; 29:737-741. [PMID: 19274278 PMCID: PMC2619828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Tannins, which are water-soluble polyphenols, are toxic to numerous fungi, bacteria, and yeasts. Our objectives were to study the efficacy of tannic acid in control of Meloidogyne arenaria on tomato and its effects on the behavior of M. arenaria, M. incognita, Heterodera glycines, and Radopholus similis. Three concentrations of tannic acid, 0.1, 1.0, and 10 g/500 cm(3) of soil, were applied preplant (powder) and at-plant (powder and drench) into soil infested with M. arenaria. Tannic acid at the 1.0-g rate reduced galling compared with the untreated control, regardless of methods of application. The 0.1-g rate resulted in no reduction in galling when applied preplant but reduced galling when applied as a drench and in one of two experiments when applied at-plant. The 10-g rate was phytotoxic to tomato seedlings except when applied 7 days preplant. In the latter case, root galling was suppressed to very low numbers. In behavior studies on water agar, Meloidogyne second-stage juveniles were attracted to areas with an increasing tannic acid gradient. Radopholus similis was repelled from the tannic acid gradient in one of two experiments. There was no effect on H. glycines. The response of M. arenaria second-stage juveniles to different concentrations of tannic acid dissolved in alginate was tested. Movement behavior of the second-stage juveniles were observed at 1,000 and 10,000 mug/ml of tannic acid, but not at 10 and 100 mug/ml.
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885
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Yamane T, Hagiwara N, Tateishi M, Akachi S, Kim M, Okuzumi J, Kitao Y, Inagake M, Kuwata K, Takahashi T. Inhibition of azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis in rat by green tea polyphenol fraction. Jpn J Cancer Res 1991; 82:1336-9. [PMID: 1778755 PMCID: PMC5918351 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.1991.tb01801.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of green tea polyphenol fraction (GTP) on azoxymethane(AOM)-induced colon carcinogenesis was investigated in male Fischer rats. The rats were given AOM (7.4 mg/kg body weight) s.c. once a week for 10 weeks. A week after the treatment, they were divided into three groups: AOM-control (26 rats), AOM-GTP1 (26 rats) and AOM-GTP2 (25 rats). AOM-GTP1 and AOM-GTP2 groups respectively received 0.01 and 0.1% GTP in drinking water from week 11 to 26. AOM-control group received tap water throughout this experiment. Autopsy on week 26 showed that tumor incidence and average numbers of tumors per rat in the AOM-GTP1 and AOM-GTP2 groups were significantly lower than those of the AOM-control group: 38.1% and 47.6% versus 77.3%; 0.6 and 0.7 versus 1.5. Thus, it was concluded that GTP inhibited the development of AOM-induced colon carcinogenesis. The inhibition by GTP did not show significant dose dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yamane
- First Department of Surgery, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine
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