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Hogan KO, Oroszi G. Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria: A diagnostic dilemma in a paediatric patient. Transfus Med 2023; 33:416-419. [PMID: 37574257 DOI: 10.1111/tme.12991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autoimmune hemolytic anaemia is rare in the paediatric population. Differentiation of the underlying aetiology is complicated by heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and testing strategies. Paroxysmal cold hemoglobinuria (PCH) is an uncommon form of paediatric autoimmune hemolytic anaemia. Identification of the causative biphasic hemolysin requires clinical recognition and access to the Donath-Landsteiner (DL) test. CASE PRESENTATION We report a young paediatric patient with no significant past medical history who presented with severe anaemia, jaundice, and dark urine following a respiratory illness. Initial laboratory evaluation showed a haemoglobin of 3.6 g/dL with plasma free haemoglobin 170 mg/dL (reference range <5 mg/dL), 3+ hemoglobinuria (reference range = 0), and direct antiglobulin testing (DAT) positive for complement component 3 (C3) only. Haemoglobin continued to decline following RBC transfusions using a blood warmer for presumed cold agglutinin syndrome. Subsequent testing at the reference laboratory revealed a DAT positive for C3 and immunoglobulin isotype G (IgG) and an eluate pan-agglutinin most consistent with a warm autoantibody, but the patient's anaemia was non-responsive to glucocorticoids and blood warmer cessation. However, a maximum cold agglutinin titre of 4 and absent thermal amplitude substantially weakened the evidence for the clinical significance of the cold autoantibodies. Consultation with the institutional transfusion medicine specialist prompted collection for the DL test, which demonstrated a definitive biphasic hemolysin consistent with PCH. DISCUSSION Conflicting clinical and immunohematologic evidence can obscure the aetiology of autoimmune hemolysis, including concurrent warm and/or cold autoantibodies. Clinical correlation, consultation with the institutional transfusion service, and access to specialised testing are essential to establish the correct diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keenan O Hogan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Gabor Oroszi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Lansdon LA, Chen D, Rush ET, Engleman K, Zhang L, Saunders CJ, Oroszi G. A novel likely pathogenic variant in a patient with Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. Cold Spring Harb Mol Case Stud 2021; 7:a006110. [PMID: 34362826 PMCID: PMC8559624 DOI: 10.1101/mcs.a006110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome (HPS) is a genetic disorder characterized by oculocutaneous albinism and variable pulmonary fibrosis, granulomatous colitis, or immunodeficiency. The diagnosis relies on clinical findings, platelet transmission electron microscopy studies showing absent dense granules, or the identification of a pathogenic genotype in one of 11 associated genes, including HPS1 We report a 2-wk-old male with significant iris transillumination defects, a pale fundus, and mild corectopia found by clinical exome sequencing to have a previously reported pathogenic variant, c.972dupC p.(Met325HisfsTer128), and a variant of uncertain significance, c.1846G>A p.(Glu616Lys), in HPS1 To determine whether his phenotype was consistent with HPS, follow-up studies of whole blood lumiaggregometry and platelet transmission electron microscopy were performed that revealed absent or markedly reduced platelet ATP secretion and virtually absent platelet dense granules, thus confirming the diagnosis. To the best of our knowledge, our case is the first in which the c.1846G>A p.(Glu616Lys) variant is identified in a patient with HPS. In addition, the case also highlights the importance of leveraging appropriate confirmatory clinical testing and reverse phenotyping, which allowed the care team to establish the clinical diagnosis of HPS and reclassify the previously reported variant of uncertain significance in HPS1 to likely pathogenic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Lansdon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Dong Chen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota 55901, USA
| | - Eric T Rush
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA
| | - Kendra Engleman
- Division of Clinical Genetics, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Carol J Saunders
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
- Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
| | - Gabor Oroszi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri 64108, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Missouri-Kansas City, School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri 64110, USA
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Dargan C, Kaufman CB, Oroszi G, Miller CPK, Carter-Reardon L, Blue E, Wicklund BM. Management of a hemispherotomy for Rasmussen encephalitis in a patient with mild factor 10 deficiency and low von Willebrand factor levels. Haemophilia 2021; 27:e513-e516. [PMID: 33548145 DOI: 10.1111/hae.14249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chandni Dargan
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy- Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Christian B Kaufman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Gabor Oroszi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy- Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Christopher P K Miller
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, USA
| | - Lucy Carter-Reardon
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy- Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Eric Blue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Mercy- Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Brian M Wicklund
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy- Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
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Oroszi G, Brody J, Yang T, Allen SL, Devoe C, Zhang X. Sequential development of two separate therapy-related myeloid neoplasms following radiotherapy for prostate cancer. Leuk Lymphoma 2016; 57:2689-92. [PMID: 27095477 DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2016.1154960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Oroszi
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine , Lake Success , NY , USA
| | - Judith Brody
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine , Lake Success , NY , USA
| | - Tianyu Yang
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine , Lake Success , NY , USA
| | - Steven L Allen
- b Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine , Lake Success , NY , USA
| | - Craig Devoe
- b Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine , Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine , Lake Success , NY , USA
| | - Xinmin Zhang
- a Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine , Hofstra North Shore-LIJ School of Medicine , Lake Success , NY , USA
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Odem JL, Oroszi G, Bernreuter K, Grammatopoulou V, Lauer SR, Greenberg DD, Vogler CA, Batanian JR. Deceptively benign low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma: array-comparative genomic hybridization decodes the diagnosis. Hum Pathol 2012; 44:145-50. [PMID: 23089491 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2012.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Revised: 07/03/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (previously known as Evans tumor) is a rare soft tissue neoplasm characterized by a deceptively bland appearance despite the potential for late metastasis or recurrence. We describe a 13-year-old patient with a popliteal fossa mass initially thought to be benign that, because of array-comparative genomic hybridization findings and subsequent immunohistochemistry, was diagnosed as low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma. The array-comparative genomic hybridization demonstrated a loss of 11p11.2p15.5 and a gain of 16p11.2p13.3 with breakpoints involving the CREB3L1 (cAMP responsive element-binding protein 3-like 1) and FUS (fused in sarcoma) genes, respectively. Subsequent fluorescence in situ hybridization analysis of a dual-labeled break-apart FUS probe on interphase cells was positive. Our case highlights the importance of using genetic information obtained via array-comparative genomic hybridization to classify accurately pediatric soft tissue tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Odem
- Department of Pathology, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65212, USA.
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Stewart SH, Oroszi G, Randall PK, Anton RF. COMT genotype influences the effect of alcohol on blood pressure: results from the COMBINE study. Am J Hypertens 2009; 22:87-91. [PMID: 19023276 DOI: 10.1038/ajh.2008.321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Heavy drinking can cause chronic hypertension, possibly due to effects on the autonomic nervous system. Catechol- O-methyltransferase (COMT) inactivates catecholamines, and a G to A substitution in codon 108 in the soluble COMT mRNA (or codon 158 in the membrane-bound form) substitutes methionine for valine and alters enzyme activity. METHODS We evaluated the association of COMT genotype at this locus with blood pressure (BP) in 839 alcohol-dependent individuals before and during participation in an alcoholism treatment trial. Hierarchical linear models were used to account for within-subject correlation on repeated BP measurements, and findings were adjusted for age, gender, ethnicity, alcohol use, body mass index, current smoking, hypertension history, and study site. RESULTS Relative to those with the val-val genotype, those with the met-met genotype had higher adjusted systolic (+4.9 mm Hg, P < 0.01) and diastolic (+3.2 mm Hg, P < 0.01) BP at baseline. Those with the val-met genotype did not significantly differ from the val-val genotype. Changes in BP between baseline and 4 weeks of alcohol treatment also differed by genotype. Relative to the val-val genotype, the met-met genotype had a greater reduction in adjusted systolic pressure (-3.9 mm Hg, P < 0.01) and diastolic pressure (-2.8 mm Hg, P < 0.01). Corresponding relative reductions for the val-met genotype were -2.2 mm Hg systolic (P = 0.070) and -1.5 mm Hg diastolic (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Findings suggest that alcohol-induced BP elevation may be related to the effects of catecholamines and their genetically determined inactivation.
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Oroszi G, Anton RF, O'Malley S, Swift R, Pettinati H, Couper D, Yuan Q, Goldman D. OPRM1 Asn40Asp predicts response to naltrexone treatment: a haplotype-based approach. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2008; 33:383-93. [PMID: 19053977 DOI: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.2008.00846.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individualized pharmacotherapy requires identification of genetic variants predictive of treatment response. In OPRM1, Asn40Asp has been reported to be predictive of response to naltrexone treatment. Nevertheless, the in vitro function of the polymorphism remains elusive and over 300 OPRM1 sequence variants have been identified to date. Therefore we used a haplotype-based approach to capture information of other genetic variants that might predict treatment response to naltrexone in the COMBINE Study. METHODS 5' nuclease genotyping assays (TaqMan) were applied for 10 SNPs. Five-locus haplotypes in 2 OPRM1 haplotype blocks were assigned to Caucasian participants. The relationship of the haplotypes to medication reflected by "good clinical outcome" was analyzed in 306 Caucasians treated without Combined Behavioral Intervention and with either naltrexone or placebo. RESULTS A significant haplotype by medication interaction (p = 0.03) was found in OPRM1 block 1. Naltrexone-treated alcoholics with haplotype AGCCC, the single haplotype carrying the Asp40 allele had the highest percent of good clinical outcome. When interaction of genotypes at each of the 5 loci comprising block 1 with medication was examined, only the Asn40/Asp40 and Asp40/Asp40 genotypes were found to significantly interact with naltrexone treatment. No haplotype by medication interaction was documented in OPRM1 block 2. CONCLUSIONS Our haplotype-based approach confirms that the single OPRM1 locus predictive of response to naltrexone treatment is Asn40Asp in exon 1. A substantial contribution of any other OPRM1 genetic variant to interindividual variations in response to naltrexone treatment (at least in terms of good clinical outcome) is not supported by our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Oroszi
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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Anton RF, Oroszi G, O'Malley S, Couper D, Swift R, Pettinati H, Goldman D. An evaluation of mu-opioid receptor (OPRM1) as a predictor of naltrexone response in the treatment of alcohol dependence: results from the Combined Pharmacotherapies and Behavioral Interventions for Alcohol Dependence (COMBINE) study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 65:135-44. [PMID: 18250251 DOI: 10.1001/archpsyc.65.2.135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 299] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Naltrexone hydrochloride treatment for alcohol dependence works for some individuals but not for everyone. Asn40Asp, a functional polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor gene (OPRM1), might predict naltrexone response. OBJECTIVE To evaluate whether individuals with alcoholism who are heterozygous (Asp40/Asn40) or homozygous (Asp40/Asp40) for the OPRM1 Asp40 allele respond better to naltrexone. DESIGN Pharmacogenetic analysis conducted between January 1, 2001, and January 31, 2004. SETTING Eleven academic sites in the COMBINE Study. PARTICIPANTS Recently abstinent volunteers who met all 3 of the following conditions: (1) DSM-IV criteria for primary alcohol dependence; (2) participation in the COMBINE Study; and (3) availability of DNA. INTERVENTIONS Alcoholic subjects were treated for 16 weeks with 100 mg of naltrexone hydrochloride (234 Asn40 homozygotes and 67 with at least 1 copy of the Asp40 allele) or placebo (235 Asn40 homozygotes and 68 with at least 1 copy of the Asp40 allele). All participants received medical management (MM) alone or with combined behavioral intervention (CBI). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Time trends in percentage of days abstinent, percentage of heavy drinking days, and rates of good clinical outcome. RESULTS Alcoholic subjects with an Asp40 allele receiving MM alone (no CBI) had an increased percentage of days abstinent (P = .07) and a decreased percentage of heavy drinking days (P = .04) if treated with naltrexone vs placebo, while those with the Asn40/Asn40 genotype showed no medication differences. If treated with MM alone and naltrexone, 87.1% of Asp40 carriers had a good clinical outcome, compared with only 54.8% of individuals with the Asn40/Asn40 genotype (odds ratio, 5.75; confidence interval, 1.88-17.54), while, if treated with placebo, 48.6% of Asp40 carriers and 54.0% of individuals with the Asn40/Asn40 genotype had a good clinical outcome (interaction between medication and genotype, P = .005). No gene x medication interactions were observed in those treated with both MM and CBI. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm and extend the observation that the functionally significant OPRM1 Asp40 allele predicts naltrexone treatment response in alcoholic individuals. This relationship might be obscured, however, by other efficacious treatments. OPRM1 genotyping in alcoholic individuals might be useful to assist in selecting treatment options. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT00006206.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond F Anton
- Center for Drug and Alcohol Programs, Medical University of South Carolina, 67 President St, PO Box 250861, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.
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Reuter M, Jeste N, Klein T, Hennig J, Goldman D, Enoch MA, Oroszi G. Association of THR105Ile, a functional polymorphism of histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT), with alcoholism in German Caucasians. Drug Alcohol Depend 2007; 87:69-75. [PMID: 16950574 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2006] [Revised: 08/03/2006] [Accepted: 08/04/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CNS histamine has been shown to have an inhibitory effect on reward and it is implicated in the etiology of addiction and stress. Histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) is believed to be the sole pathway for termination of the neurotransmitter action of histamine in mammalian brain. A common, functional polymorphism, a C314T transition in the HNMT gene, results in a Thr105Ile substitution of the protein encoded. A recent study has shown that the frequency of the Ile105 allele was significantly lower in alcoholics compared to that in non-alcoholics in Finns and Plains American Indians. Following up these results, we tested whether the Thr105Ile polymorphism was associated with alcoholism in German Caucasians. METHODS Thr105Ile was genotyped in n=366 psychiatrically interviewed German Caucasian ICD-10 lifetime alcoholics, along with n=200 ethnically matched controls. RESULTS No significant difference was found in the frequency of the Ile105 allele between alcoholics (0.11) and controls (0.10) (chi(2)=0.21, d.f.=1, p=0.647). Likewise, genotype distributions did not differ significantly. However, the frequency of the Ile105 allele was significantly lower in male alcoholics with a family history of alcoholism compared to that in male alcoholics without a family history of alcoholism (chi(2)=4.07, d.f.=1, p=0.044). CONCLUSIONS In German Caucasians the association of the HNMT Thr105Ile polymorphism with alcoholism was not replicated per se, but a congruent association was found between the Ile105 allele and family history of alcoholism supporting the protective role of the Ile105 allele against alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Reuter
- Department of Psychology, Otto-Behaghel-Str. 10F, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, D-35394 Giessen, Germany.
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Oroszi G, Lapteva L, Davis E, Yarboro CH, Weickert T, Roebuck-Spencer T, Bleiberg J, Rosenstein D, Pao M, Lipsky PE, Goldman D, Lipsky RH, Illei GG. The Met66 allele of the functional Val66Met polymorphism in the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene confers protection against neurocognitive dysfunction in systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:1330-5. [PMID: 16606648 PMCID: PMC1798324 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2006.051623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common functional polymorphism of the brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene (BDNF Val66Met) was previously associated with diminished episodic memory performance in healthy people. As cognitive function is commonly impaired in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the association of the BDNF Val66Met with neurocognitive function was studied. OBJECTIVE To study the association of the BDNF Val66Met with neurocognitive function in a cohort of patients with SLE. METHODS Cognitive function was assessed in 59 patients with SLE with no previous or current central nervous system involvement. Cognitive tests were grouped into five domains (memory, attention/executive function, visuospatial skills, motor function and psychomotor speed) and used to obtain domain Z scores, reflecting the difference between averaged scores of performance on individual tests and published norms in each domain. Genotyping was carried out using a 5'-nuclease assay with 99.9% accuracy. Unpaired t test was used to assess the relationship between genotypes and cognitive function, whereas the effect of possible confounders was assessed in a multivariate analysis. RESULTS Patients carrying the Met66 allele scored significantly higher on psychomotor, attention/executive and motor function tests, resulting in significantly higher domain Z scores for the psychomotor (p = 0.005) and motor (p = 0.002) domains. CONCLUSIONS The BDNF Met66 allele was associated with better cognitive functioning in the psychomotor and motor domains, even after controlling for differences in ethnicity, sex, depression status and prednisone treatment. These data suggest that the BDNF Met66 allele confers protection against the decline of motor and psychomotor cognitive functions in patients with longstanding SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Oroszi
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Goldman D, Oroszi G, O'Malley S, Anton R. COMBINE genetics study: the pharmacogenetics of alcoholism treatment response: genes and mechanisms. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006:56-64; discussion 33. [PMID: 16223057 DOI: 10.15288/jsas.2005.s15.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Partial efficacy of treatment and differences in adverse events across individuals are a challenge and an opportunity in the treatment of alcoholism. Individuation of therapy and understanding origins of differential treatment response may require identification of inherited functional variants of genes. The neurobiology of reward, executive cognitive function, anxiety and dysphoria have been identified as critical domains that may have a genetic basis that could predict treatment response. METHOD The COMBINE Study presents a unique opportunity to evaluate specific genetic loci (markers) that affect neurobiology central to addiction and extended withdrawal. The study also addresses variation in drug metabolism and action. Candidate genetic markers are selected for study based on functionality and abundance. RESULTS COMT Vall58Met is a common (minor allele frequency 0.42), functional, catecholamine-metabolizing enzyme polymorphism with threefold relevance. Vall58Met alters executive cognitive function, stress and anxiety responses and brain endogenous opioid function. OPRM1 Asn40Asp is a common (minor allele frequency 0.10), functional polymorphism of the mu-opioid receptor, which may serve as a gatekeeper molecule in naltrexone's actions and was recently reported to affect naltrexone response. HTTLPR (minor allele frequency 0.40) alters serotonin transporter function to affect anxiety, dysphoria and obsessional behavior, which are assessed in COMBINE and may be related to relapse and addictive behavior. CONCLUSIONS All genetic testing is consented through a separate human research protocol, and the testing is conducted nonclinically, confidentially and apart from the clinical record to protect human research participants who have volunteered for this aspect of COMBINE.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 3S32, MSC9412, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.
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Labinskyy N, Csiszar A, Veress G, Stef G, Pacher P, Oroszi G, Wu J, Ungvari Z. Vascular dysfunction in aging: potential effects of resveratrol, an anti-inflammatory phytoestrogen. Curr Med Chem 2006; 13:989-96. [PMID: 16611080 PMCID: PMC2228263 DOI: 10.2174/092986706776360987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies demonstrated that even in the absence of other risk factors (e.g. diabetes, hypertension, hyperhomocysteinemia, hypercholesterolemia), advanced age itself significantly increases cardiovascular morbidity by enhancing vascular oxidative stress and inflammation. Because the population in the Western world is rapidly aging, there is a substantial need for pharmacological interventions that delay the functional decline of the cardiovascular system. Resveratrol is an atoxic phytoestrogen found in more than 70 plants including grapevine and berries. Recent data suggest that nutritional intake of resveratrol and other polyphenol compounds may contribute to the "French paradox", the unexpectedly low cardiovascular morbidity in the Mediterranean population. There is increasing evidence that resveratrol exerts multifaceted anti-oxidant and/or anti-inflammatory effects in various disease models. Importantly, resveratrol was reported to slow aging and increase lifespan in simple organisms and has been suggested as a potential calorie restriction mimetic. Resveratrol has also been reported to activate NAD-dependent histone deacetylases (sirtuins), which may contribute to its anti-aging effects. This review focuses on the role of oxidative stress and inflammation in cardiovascular dysfunction in aging, and on emerging anti-aging therapeutic strategies offered by resveratrol and other polyphenol compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazar Labinskyy
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Anna Csiszar
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Gabor Veress
- State Hospital for Cardiology, Balatonfured 8230, Hungary
| | - Gyorgyi Stef
- State Hospital for Cardiology, Balatonfured 8230, Hungary
| | - Pal Pacher
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies and Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9413, USA
| | - Gabor Oroszi
- Laboratory of Physiological Studies and Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-9413, USA
| | - Joseph Wu
- Department of Biochemistry, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
| | - Zoltan Ungvari
- Department of Physiology, New York Medical College, Valhalla, New York 10595, USA
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Abstract
The addictions are common chronic psychiatric diseases that today are prevented and treated using relatively untargeted and only partially effective methods. The addictions are moderately to highly heritable, which is paradoxical because these disorders require use; a choice that is itself modulated by both genes and environment. The addictions are interrelated and related to other psychiatric diseases by common neurobiological pathways, including those that modulate reward, behavioural control and the anxiety or stress response. Our future understanding of addictions will be enhanced by the identification of genes that have a role in altered substance-specific vulnerabilities such as variation in drug metabolism or drug receptors and a role in shared vulnerabilities such as variation in reward or stress resiliency.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA.
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Oroszi G, Enoch MA, Chun J, Virkkunen M, Goldman D. Thr105Ile, a Functional Polymorphism of Histamine N-Methyltransferase, Is Associated with Alcoholism in Two Independent Populations. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2005; 29:303-9. [PMID: 15770103 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000156128.28257.2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histamine is expressed in cortical and limbic areas that are involved in emotion and cognition and modulates these behaviors. H1 receptor antagonists are sedative. Histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT) catalyzes the Ntau methylation of histamine, the sole pathway for termination of the neurotransmitter action of histamine in mammalian brain. A common and functionally significant polymorphism, a C314T transition in exon 4 of the HNMT gene results in a Thr105Ile substitution of the protein encoded. The Thr105 allele is associated with approximately 2-fold higher enzyme activity, leading to the prediction that it might be associated with diminished histamine levels, resulting in differences in anxiety, cognition, and sedation that play important roles in alcoholism. In two ethnically distinct populations, we tested whether the Thr105Ile polymorphism was associated with alcoholism and with harm avoidance, a dimensional measure of anxious personality. METHODS A 5' exonuclease assay (TaqMan) was used to genotype Thr105Ile in psychiatrically interviewed Finnish Caucasian (n = 218) and Plains American Indian (n = 186) alcoholics, along with ethnically matched, psychiatrically interviewed, controls (Finns: n = 313, Plains Indian: n = 140). RESULTS Ile105 allele frequencies were significantly lower in alcoholics compared with nonalcoholics in both populations (Finns: 0.12 vs. 0.17, chi(2) = 6, p = 0.015; Plains Indians: 0.03 vs. 0.08, chi(2) = 5, p = 0.023). Genotype distributions also differed significantly. In Finns, Ile105 showed borderline significance for an association with lower harm avoidance (p = 0.070) after correcting for alcoholism diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Decreased levels of brain histamine consequent to the Thr105 allele may result in higher levels of anxiety and, as a consequence, vulnerability to alcoholism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Oroszi
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Hu X, Oroszi G, Chun J, Smith TL, Goldman D, Schuckit MA. An Expanded Evaluation of the Relationship of Four Alleles to the Level of Response to Alcohol and the Alcoholism Risk. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2005; 29:8-16. [PMID: 15654286 DOI: 10.1097/01.alc.0000150008.68473.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 389] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcoholism is a complex, genetically influenced disorder the cause of which may be better understood through the study of genetically influenced phenotypes that mediate the risk. One such intermediate phenotype is the low level of response (LR) to alcohol. This project used a case-control approach to search for genes that may contribute to LR. METHODS Data were available from alcohol challenges at approximately age 20 and regarding the development of alcohol use disorders over the subsequent 20 years for 85 men, including 40 reported in a previous genetic analysis. LR was evaluated using oral consumption of 0.75 ml/kg of alcohol, after which changes in subjective feelings of intoxication and body sway were measured. Alcohol abuse and dependence were diagnosed by DSM-III-R criteria through structured interviews administered to both the participant and an informant (usually the spouse) 10, 15, and 20 years after initial testing. Four polymorphisms were evaluated, including the serotonin transporter HTTLPR promoter ins/del, GABAAalpha6 Pro385Ser, NPY Leu7Pro, and catalase 262C>T. Two of these, HTTLPR and GABAAalpha6 Pro385Ser, had been previously associated with LR and alcoholism in a preliminary study. RESULTS The HTTLPR L allele was significantly related to both the LR and alcoholism in an allele-dosage (stepwise) manner. Furthermore, the association remained when L alleles were subdivided into recently reported functional subtypes: the lowest LR was associated with genotypes correlated with the highest serotonin transporter expression. The GABAAalpha6 Ser385 allele showed a nonsignificant trend for association to a low LR, as had been previously observed, although the Ser385 allele is uncommon, and only 18 heterozygotes were in the current group. However, the six men with both LL and Pro385/Ser385 genotypes had the lowest LR, and each had developed alcoholism during follow-up. Neither NPY nor catalase was associated with either LR or alcoholic outcomes, although the sample did not have sufficient power for definitive conclusions. CONCLUSIONS This report strengthens the support for a relationship between the HTTLPR L and GABAAalpha6 Ser385 alleles to low alcohol LR and to alcoholism in a prospectively studied cohort evaluated for LR in young adulthood and before the onset of alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianzhang Hu
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
Alcoholism is a chronic relapsing/remitting disease that is frequently unrecognized and untreated, in part because of the partial efficacy of treatment. Only approximately one-third of patients remain abstinent and one-third have fully relapsed 1 year after withdrawal from alcohol, with treated patients doing substantially better than untreated [1]. The partial effectiveness of strategies for prevention and treatment, and variation in clinical course and side effects, represent a challenge and an opportunity to better understand the neurobiology of addiction. The strong heritability of alcoholism suggests the existence of inherited functional variants of genes that alter the metabolism of alcohol and variants of other genes that alter the neurobiologies of reward, executive cognitive function, anxiety/dysphoria, and neuronal plasticity. Each of these neurobiologies has been identified as a critical domain in the addictions. Functional alleles that alter alcoholism-related intermediate phenotypes include common alcohol dehydrogenase 1B and aldehyde dehydrogenase 2 variants that cause the aversive flushing reaction; catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val158Met leading to differences in three aspects of neurobiology: executive cognitive function, stress/anxiety response, and opioid function; opioid receptor μ1 (OPRM1) Asn40Asp, which may serve as a gatekeeper molecule in the action of naltrexone, a drug used in alcoholism treatment; and HTTLPR, which alters serotonin transporter function and appears to affect stress response and anxiety/dysphoria, which are factors relevant to initial vulnerability, the process of addiction, and relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabor Oroszi
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, NIAAA, NIH, 5625 Fishers Lane, Room 3S32, MSC9412, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
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Németh J, Szilvássy Z, Oroszi G, Pórszász R, Jakab B, Szolcsányi J. Impaired capsaicin-induced decrease in heart rate and coronary flow in isolated heart of diabetic rats. Acta Physiol Hung 2002; 88:207-18. [PMID: 12162579 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.88.2001.3-4.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The effect of capsaicin (0.1 microM) on heart rate and coronary flow was studied in Langendorff-perfused heart from streptozotocin-induced (50 mg/kg i.v.) diabetic rats where sensory neuropathy developed. In hearts from animals 4- and 8-week diabetes baseline heart rate and coronary flow decreased from 317.9 +/- 2.9 b.p.m. and 13.4 +/- 0.7 m/min to 255.1 +/- 12.7 and 219.8 +/- 2.8 b.p.m. and 8.9 +/- 0.6 and 10.0 +/- 0.1 ml/min (P<0.05), respectively. Capsaicin significantly decreased both variables in either normal or 4-week diabetic animals its effects, however, on coronary flow or heart rate were missing in preparations from 8-week diabetic rats. Endothelin-1 (0.1 nM), the putative mediator of the capsaicin effect, significantly decreased heart rate and coronary flow irrespective of the presence or absence of diabetes. In the femoral nerve of streptozotocin-treated animals conduction velocity involving both fast conducting A- and slow-conducting C-fibres was decreased proportional to the duration of the pre-existing diabetic state. It is concluded that in insulin deficient diabetes the diminished responses evoked by capsaicin on heart rate and coronary flow are signs of sensory neuropathy. This is related to a feeble endothelin release from sensory nerve endings without changes in post-receptor mechanisms mediating the endothelin effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Németh
- Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Univeristy of Pécs
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Szolcsanyi J, Oroszi G, Nemeth J, Szilvassy Z, Blasig IE, Tosaki A. Functional and biochemical evidence for capsaicin-induced neural endothelin release in isolated working rat heart. Eur J Pharmacol 2001; 419:215-21. [PMID: 11426844 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(01)00973-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
In isolated working rat heart, capsaicin elicited a concentration-dependent constriction of coronary arteries accompanied by decline of all cardiac parameters recorded (heart rate, coronary and aortic flow, left ventricular developed pressure, and first derivative of left ventricular developed pressure). The following evidence suggests that capsaicin-induced changes are mediated by endothelin of neural origin: (1) the capsaicin (10 nM)-evoked decrease in coronary flow resulting in deterioration of cardiac functions was mimicked by endothelin (0.1 nM); (2) the selective endothelin ET(A) receptor antagonist, cyclo (D-alpha-aspartyl-L-propyl-D-valyl-L-leucyl-D-tryptophyl) (1 microM), abolished the cardiac effects provoked by capsaicin (10 nM); (3) reduction of extracellular Ca2+ concentration from 2.4 to 1.2 or 0.6 mM inhibited the cardiac effects of capsaicin (10 nM) but not those induced by endothelin (0.1 nM); (4) perfusion of the heart with 0.1% (v/v) Triton X-100 damaged the endothelium and reversed the enhancement of coronary flow evoked by bethanechol (1 microM), decreased the basal flow, but was without effect on capsaicin-induced coronary constriction; (5) in response to capsaicin challenge (10-100 nM), the endothelin concentration measured in coronary effluent by means of radioimmunoassay increased up to sevenfold but remained unchanged in the presence of 0.6 mM Ca2+; (6) no reduction of coronary flow was induced by capsaicin (100 nM) applied to the heart of rats which were desensitised by capsaicin (150 mg/kg). It is concluded that, in the rat heart, capsaicin acting on VR1 capsaicin receptors elicits a release of endothelin from the sensory nerve terminals.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Szolcsanyi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University of Pecs, Hungary.
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Németh J, Oroszi G, Thán M, Helyes ZS, Pintér E, Farkas B, Szolcsányi J. Substance P radioimmunoassay for quantitative characterization of sensory neurotransmitter release. Neurobiology (Bp) 2000; 7:437-44. [PMID: 10897804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
In the present work we report the development of a new radioimmunoassay method for measuring the substance P content liberated from isolated rat tracheae in response to electrical or chemical (capsaicin, resiniferatoxin, piperine) stimulation. The amount of substance P released by electrical stimulation has been found to be dependent on the number of pulses and chemically elicited substance P release also proved to be dose-dependent. Our findings reinforce previous data that resiniferatoxin is approximately 100 times more potent than capsaicin and the potency ratio between piperine and capsaicin is 1/50.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Németh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Pécs, Hungary
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Helyes Z, Thán M, Oroszi G, Pintér E, Németh J, Kéri G, Szolcsányi J. Anti-nociceptive effect induced by somatostatin released from sensory nerve terminals and by synthetic somatostatin analogues in the rat. Neurosci Lett 2000; 278:185-8. [PMID: 10653024 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(99)00936-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
In rats anaesthetized with urethan and pretreated with pipecuronium bromide nocifensive reaction of blood pressure elevation evoked by intraarterial capsaicin injection was inhibited over 40 min by bilateral antidromic stimulation of the sensory fibres of the sciatic nerves. Rise in blood pressure, heart rate and respiratory frequency evoked by capsaicin were markedly diminished after smearing 1% mustard oil on the acutely denervated hindpaws indicating a release of mediators with anti-nociceptive action from cutaneous nociceptors. Intravenous injection of the putative mediator somatostatin (10 microg/kg) or its analogues RC-160 and TT-232, but not octreotide inhibited the cardiorespiratory and blood pressure responses evoked by topical cutaneous application of mustard oil or capsaicin instillation into the eye. It is concluded, that the endocrine and the anti-nociceptive effects of somatostatin are mediated through distinct receptor subtypes and therefore, TT-232, a novel heptapeptide analogue without endocrine action, is a promising analgesic compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Helyes
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Neuropharmacological Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, University Medical School of Pécs
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Nemeth J, Vecsernyes M, Oroszi G, Balla Z, Helyes Z, Farkas B, Szilvássy Z. Preparation of mono-125I-labelled gastrin-17 for radioimmunoassay measurements. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1099-1344(200008)43:9<855::aid-jlcr369>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Németh J, Thán M, Sári R, Peitl B, Oroszi G, Farkas B, Szolcsányi J, Szilvássy Z. Impairment of neurogenic inflammatory and anti-inflammatory responses in diabetic rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 386:83-8. [PMID: 10611467 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00724-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect was studied of a primary (preconditioning) neurogenic inflammatory challenge induced by electrical stimulation of the peripheral stump of the sciatic nerve (20 V, 0.5 ms, 5 Hz, for 5 min) on neurogenic oedema (5 min later) induced by stimulation of the contralateral sciatic nerve. Plasma extravasation due to the second stimulation was decreased by 52.7+/-3.1% (P<0.01) in normal animals and by 29.7+/-2.2 and 18.1+/-1.5% with 50 mg/kg streptozotocin pretreatment i.v. 4 and 8 weeks previously, respectively. Subsequently, bilateral sciatic nerve stimulation increased baseline plasma somatostatin levels from 6.4+/-0.3, 11. 7+/-1.4, and 16.8+/-3.8 to 28.3+/-2.9 (P<0.01), 17.9+/-3.7, and 25. 1+/-1.7 pmol/l in normal, and 4- and 8-week diabetic animals, respectively. We conclude that experimental diabetes impairs the capability of a preconditioning neurogenic inflammatory episode to elicit a systemic anti-inflammatory effect. This is accompanied by a deficiency in elevation of the plasma somatostatin level in response to nerve stimulation, although the baseline plasma somatostatin level increases proportionally to the duration of experimental diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Németh
- Neuropharmacology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-7601 P.O. Box 99, Pécs, Hungary
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Abstract
Capsaicin at a concentration of 10(-7)m induced a significant increase in heart rate and increased coronary flow in isolated Langendorff-perfused guinea-pig hearts. This effect was completely blocked by 30 microm of N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME), an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthase. Additional incubation with 3 m m L-Arg antagonized the inhibitory effect of L-NAME. In the presence of 1 microm of a human calcitonin gene-related peptide fragment (hCGRP 8-37), a CGRP-receptor antagonist, L-Arg was without effect. We conclude that a capsaicin-induced increase in coronary flow and heart rate is dependent from an interplay between CGRP and NO in guinea-pig hearts. 1999 Academic Press.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Oroszi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Pecs and Neuropharmacology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Pecs, H-7643, Hungary
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Abstract
Capsaicin (1 nM-1 microM) induced a concentration-dependent decrease in heart rate, coronary flow, aortic flow, left ventricular developed pressure and its first derivative, dP/dt(max) in isolated working rat heart. The effect of 10 nM capsaicin was mimicked by 0.1 nM endothelin. PD142893 (200 nM), a non-selective endothelin receptor blocking agent antagonized the effect of either endothelin (0.1 nM) or capsaicin (10 nM). We conclude that the majority of the effects of capsaicin in the rat heart are mediated by neural endothelin release.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Szolcsányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University Medical School of Pécs, Pecs, Hungary.
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Németh J, Görcs T, Helyes Z, Oroszi G, Kocsy T, Pintér E, Szolcsányi J. Development of a new sensitive CGRP radioimmunoassay for neuropharmacological research. Neurobiology (Bp) 1999; 6:473-5. [PMID: 10220789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J Németh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University Medical School of Pécs, Hungary
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Nemeth J, Szilvassy Z, Than M, Oroszi G, Sari R, Szolcsanyi J. Decreased sensory neuropeptide release from trachea of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 369:221-4. [PMID: 10206182 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00089-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We studied the release of somatostatin, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substance P in response to electrical field stimulation from isolated tracheas of rats following 4 weeks of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg i.v.)-induced diabetes. Field stimulation (40 V, 0.1 ms, 10 Hz for 120 s) increased the release of somatostatin, CGRP and substance P from the baseline 0.18+/-0.029, 0.17+/-0.027, and 1.77+/-0.086 to 0.51+/-0.022, 0.69+/-0.115, and 5.96+/-0.377 in control preparations and 0.31+/-0.081, 0.41+/-0.142, and 3.14+/-0.443 fmol/mg wet tissue weight in preparations from diabetic rats as measured by radioimmunoassay (control vs. diabetic P<0.01 for each). The results show a simultaneous decrease in release of the three sensory neuropeptides and an enhanced plasma somatostatin level in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Nemeth
- Neuroscience Research Group, University Medical School of Pecs, Hungary.
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Oroszi G, Szilvassy Z, Nemeth J, Ferdinandy P, Szolcsanyi J, Tosaki A. Interaction between capsaicin and nitrate tolerance in isolated guinea-pig heart. Eur J Pharmacol 1999; 368:R1-3. [PMID: 10193667 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(99)00056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Capsaicin-induced increases in heart rate and coronary flow were blocked by N(G)-nitro-L-Arg-methyl ester (30 mM) in Langendorff-perfused guinea-pig hearts. Neither heart rate nor coronary flow changed by capsaicin in hearts from animals made tolerant to the hypotensive effect of 30 microg/kg nitroglycerin by the administration of 50 mg/kg nitroglycerin subcutaneously 4 times a day over 3 days. We conclude that the effector function of sensory nerves may deteriorate in nitrate tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Oroszi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Medical University of Pecs, Hungary.
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Szolcsányi J, Pintér E, Helyes Z, Oroszi G, Németh J. Systemic anti-inflammatory effect induced by counter-irritation through a local release of somatostatin from nociceptors. Br J Pharmacol 1998; 125:916-22. [PMID: 9831933 PMCID: PMC1571027 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0702144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
1. Neurogenic plasma extravasation evoked by topical application of 1% vv(-1) mustard oil on the skin of the acutely denervated rat hindleg (primary reaction) inhibited the development of a subsequent oil-induced plasma extravasation induced in the skin of the contralateral hindleg by 49.3+/-7.06% (n=9) and in the conjunctival mucosa due to 0.1% wv(-1) capsaicin instillation by 33.5+/-10.05% (n=6). The primary reaction also inhibited the non-neurogenic hindpaw oedema evoked by s.c. injection of 5% wv(-1) dextran into the chronically denervated hindpaw by 48.0+/-4.6% (n= 5). 2. Capsaicin injection (100 microg ml(-1) in 50 microl, s.c.) into the acutely denervated hindleg caused 56.5+/-4.0% (n=5) inhibition in the intensity of plasma extravasation elicited by 1% vv(-1) mustard oil smearing on the contralateral side. After chronic denervation, subplantar injection of 5% wv(-1) dextran elicited a non-neurogenic inflammatory response with intensive tissue oedema without causing any systemic anti-inflammatory effect. Bilateral adrenalectomy did not inhibit the mustard oil-induced anti-inflammatory effect in the contralateral hindleg. 3. Pretreating the rats with polyclonal somatostatin antiserum (0.5 ml rat(-1), i.v.) or with the somatostatin depleting agent cysteamine (280 mg kg(-1), s.c.) prevented the inhibitory action of mustard oil-induced inflammation on subsequent neurogenic plasma extravasation and strongly diminished the inhibition of non-neurogenic oedema formation evoked by dextran. 4. Exogenous somatostatin (10 microg kg(-1), i.p.) caused a 30.3+/-8.3% (n=6) inhibition of plasma extravasation caused by mustard oil smearing on the acutely denervated hindleg and this inhibitory effect was abolished by somatostatin antiserum (0.5 ml rat(-1), i.v.). The plasma level of somatostatin-like immunoreactivity (SST-LI) increased by 40.03+/-6.8% (n= 6) 10 min after topical application of 1% vv(-1) mustard oil on the acutely denervated hindpaws compared to the paraffin oil treated control group. Chronic denervation of the hindlegs or cysteamine (280 mg kg(-1), s.c.) pretreatment prevented the mustard oil-induced elevation of SST-LI in plasma. 5. It is concluded that chemical excitation of the capsaicin-sensitive sensory receptors not only induces local neurogenic plasma extravasation but also inhibits the development of a subsequent inflammatory reaction at remote sites of the body in the rat. A role for somatostatin in this systemic anti-inflammatory effect is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Szolcsányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University Medical School of Pécs, Neuropharmacology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
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Németh J, Helyes Z, Oroszi G, Thán M, Pintér E, Szolcsányi J. Inhibition of nociceptin on sensory neuropeptide release and mast cell-mediated plasma extravasation in rats. Eur J Pharmacol 1998; 347:101-4. [PMID: 9650854 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-2999(98)00216-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nociceptin (20 microg/kg i.p.) strongly inhibited cutaneous Evans blue accumulation in the chronically denervated hindpaw of the rat in response to mast cell degranulating peptide (MCDP, 0.25 microg in 100 microl) but it had no and marginal effect on plasma extravasation induced by 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT, 0.5 microg in 100 microl) and histamine (0.1 microg in 100 microl), respectively. Release of sensory neuropeptides such as substance P, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and somatostatin from the rat isolated trachea in response to capsaicin (10(-8) M) or bradykinin (10(-7) M) were also attenuated by nociceptin (100 and 300 nM). It is concluded that chemically induced discharge of mediators from mast cells and from capsaicin-sensitive afferent nerve terminals are both inhibited by nociceptin that participates in the anti-inflammatory effect of the peptide.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Németh
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University Medical School of Pécs, Neuropharmacology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences
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Szolcsányi J, Helyes Z, Oroszi G, Németh J, Pintér E. Release of somatostatin and its role in the mediation of the anti-inflammatory effect induced by antidromic stimulation of sensory fibres of rat sciatic nerve. Br J Pharmacol 1998; 123:936-42. [PMID: 9535023 PMCID: PMC1565240 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0701685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
1. The effect of antidromic stimulation of the sensory fibres of the sciatic nerve on inflammatory plasma extravasation in various tissues and on cutaneous vasodilatation elicited in distant parts of the body was investigated in rats pretreated with guanethidine (8 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and pipecuronium (200 microg kg(-1), i.v.). 2. Antidromic sciatic nerve stimulation with C-fibre strength (20 V, 0.5 ms) at 5 Hz for 5 min elicited neurogenic inflammation in the innervated area and inhibited by 50.3 +/- 4.67% the development of a subsequent plasma extravasation in response to similar stimulation of the contralateral sciatic nerve. Stimulation at 0.5 Hz for 1 h also evoked local plasma extravasation and inhibited the carrageenin-induced (1%, 100 microl s.c.) cutaneous inflammation by 38.5 +/- 10.0% in the contralateral paw. Excitation at 0.1 Hz for 4 h elicited no local plasma extravasation in the stimulated hindleg but still reduced the carrageenin-induced oedema by 52.1 +/- 9.7% in the paw on the contralateral side. 3. Plasma extravasation in the knee joint in response to carrageenin (2%, 200 microl intra-articular injection) was diminished by 46.1 +/- 12.69% and 40.9 +/- 4.93% when the sciatic nerve was stimulated in the contralateral leg at 0.5 Hz for 1 h or 0.1 Hz for 4 h, respectively. 4. Stimulation of the peripheral stump of the left vagal nerve (20 V, 1 ms, 8 Hz, 10 min) elicited plasma extravasation in the trachea, oesophagus and mediastinal connective tissue in rats pretreated with atropine (2 mg kg(-1), i.v.), guanethidine (8 mg kg(-1), i.p.) and pipecuronium (200 microg kg(-1), i.v.). These responses were inhibited by 37.8 +/- 5.1%, 49.7 +/- 9.9% and 37.6 +/- 4.2%, respectively by antidromic sciatic nerve excitation (5 Hz, 5 min) applied 5 min earlier. 5. Pretreatment with polyclonal somatostatin antiserum (0.5 ml/rat, i.v.) or the selective somatostatin depleting agent cysteamine (280 mg kg(-1), s.c.) prevented the anti-inflammatory effect of sciatic nerve stimulation (5 Hz, 5 min) on a subsequent neurogenic plasma extravasation of the contralateral paw skin. The inhibitory effect of antidromic sciatic nerve excitation on plasma extravasation in response to vagal nerve stimulation was also prevented by somatostatin antiserum pretreatment. 6. Cutaneous blood flow assessment by laser Doppler flowmetry indicated that antidromic vasodilatation induced by sciatic nerve stimulation was not inhibited by excitation of the sciatic nerve of the contralateral leg (1 Hz, 30 min) or by somatostatin (10 microg/rat, i.v.) injection. 7. Plasma levels of somatostatin increased more than 4 fold after stimulation of both sciatic nerves (5 Hz, 5 min) but the stimulus-evoked increase was not observed in cysteamine (280 mg kg(-1), s.c.) pretreated rats. 8. These results suggest that somatostatin released from the activated sensory nerve terminals mediates the systemic anti-inflammatory effect evoked by stimulating the peripheral stump of the sciatic nerve.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Szolcsányi
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, University Medical School of Pécs, Neuropharmacology Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Akác
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