51
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Hanrahan M, Sarkar A, Hudson A. Exploring Water Insecurity in a Northern Indigenous Community in Canada: The "Never-Ending Job" of the Southern Inuit of Black Tickle, Labrador. Arctic Anthropology 2015. [DOI: 10.3368/aa.51.2.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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52
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Meloro
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology; School of Natural Sciences and Psychology; Liverpool John Moores University; Liverpool UK
| | - A. Hudson
- Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology; School of Natural Sciences and Psychology; Liverpool John Moores University; Liverpool UK
| | - L. Rook
- Dipartimento di Scienze della Terra; Università di Firenze; Firenze Italy
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53
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Marusiak A, Edwards Z, Hugo W, Trotter E, Girotti M, Stephenson N, Kong X, Gartside M, Fawdar S, Hudson A, Breitwieser W, Hayward N, Marais R, Lo R, Brognard J. 76 Mixed lineage kinases activate MEK independently of RAF to mediate resistance to RAF inhibitors. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70202-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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54
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Yeung R, Conroy L, Long K, Smith W, Hudson A, Moore R, Dirkse C, Phan T. Visually Monitored Deep Inspiration Breath Hold Technique in Left-Sided Breast Cancer Patients Treated With Adjuvant Radiation Therapy: Reproducibility and Reliability. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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55
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Yeung R, Long K, Walrath D, Smith W, Hudson A, Phan T. Evaluation of Cardiac Dose Reduction With Deep Inspiration Breath Hold in Patients With Left-Sided Breast Cancer Receiving Adjuvant Radiation Therapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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56
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Taggar A, Lau H, Lim G, Nordal R, Khan R, Breitman K, Hudson A, Spencer D, Voroney J. Outcomes From First 3 Years of Frameless Stereotactic Radiosurgery in Treating Brain Metastases. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.1068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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57
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Shearer L, Hudson A. Anatomical lines of the pelvis on an anterioposterior radiograph. Assoc Med J 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.g5047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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58
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Hudson A, Pierce G. Poster - Thur Eve - 49: Unexpected Output Drops: Pitted Blackholes in Tungsten. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4894909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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59
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Bojechko C, Ploquin N, Hudson A, Sayous Y. Poster - Thur Eve - 39: Feasibility of Commissioning HybridArc with the Delta 4 two plane diode phantom: comparisons with Gafchromic Film. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4894899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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60
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Newstead B, Bradburn S, Appelboam A, Reuben A, Harris A, Hudson A, Jones L, McLauchlan C, Riou P, Jadav M, Lloyd G. Propofol for adult procedural sedation in a UK emergency department: safety profile in 1008 cases. Br J Anaesth 2013; 111:651-5. [DOI: 10.1093/bja/aet168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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61
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Arachchi GG, Mutukumira A, Dias-Wanigasekera B, Cruz C, McIntyre L, Young J, Flint S, Hudson A, Billington C. Characteristics of three listeriaphages isolated from New Zealand seafood environments. J Appl Microbiol 2013; 115:1427-38. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.12332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2013] [Revised: 08/02/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G.J. Ganegama Arachchi
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health; Massey University; North Shore City Auckland New Zealand
| | - A.N. Mutukumira
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health; Massey University; North Shore City Auckland New Zealand
| | | | - C.D. Cruz
- The New Zealand Institute for Plant & Food Research Limited Mt Albert; Auckland New Zealand
| | - L. McIntyre
- Department of Food Science and Agri-Food Supply Chain Management; Harper Adams University; Edgmond Newport Shropshire UK
| | - J. Young
- Institute of Natural Sciences; Massey University; North Shore City Auckland
| | - S.H. Flint
- Institute of Food Nutrition and Human Health; Massey University; North Shore City Auckland New Zealand
| | - A. Hudson
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) Limited; Food Programme; Christchurch Science Centre (CSC); Christchurch New Zealand
| | - C. Billington
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) Limited; Food Programme; Christchurch Science Centre (CSC); Christchurch New Zealand
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62
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Summers DM, Johnson RI, Hudson A, Randhawa G, Mallik M, Murphy P, Collett D, Watson CJ, Neuberger J, Bradley JA. The changing face of donation in the UK: kidney donation after circulatory death. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2013. [DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2013.95.5.e11a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Affiliated to the Association of Surgeons in Training and the British Transplantation Society, the Carrel Club is the transplant trainee surgical society. The Carrel Club held a joint meeting with the Chapter of Transplant Surgeons, a subsidiary organisation of the British Transplantation Society, at the Manchester Hilton Hotel on 31 January and 1 February 2013. As part of the meeting, ten abstracts were presented. A selection is printed below. The winner of the Best Presentation award was Mr Mownah.
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Affiliation(s)
- DM Summers
- NHS Blood and Transplant, UK
- University of Cambridge, UK
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63
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Muthusamy ASR, Mumford L, Hudson A, Fuggle SV, Friend PJ. Pancreas transplantation from donors after circulatory death from the United Kingdom. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:824. [PMID: 23437884 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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64
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Muthusamy ASR, Mumford L, Hudson A, Fuggle SV, Friend PJ. Pancreas transplantation from donors after circulatory death from the United Kingdom. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:2150-6. [PMID: 22845910 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04075.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study reports the comparative short-term results of pancreas transplantation from donors after circulatory death (DCD) (Maastricht III & IV), and pancreases from brainstem deceased donors (DBD). Between January 2006 and December 2010, 1009 pancreas transplants were performed in the United Kingdom, with 134 grafts from DCD and 875 from DBD. DCD grafts had no premortem pharmacological interventions performed. One-year pancreas and patient survival was similar between DCD and DBD, with pancreas graft survival significantly better in the DCD cohort if performed as an SPK. Early graft loss due to thrombosis (8% vs. 4%) was mainly responsible for early graft loss in the DCD cohort. These results from donors with broader acceptance criteria in age, body mass index, premortem interventions, etc. suggest that DCD pancreas grafts may have a larger application potential than previously recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S R Muthusamy
- Oxford Transplant Centre, Churchill Hospital, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, UK
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65
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Meyer T, Hudson A. Poster - Thur Eve - 41: Effect of beam symmetry on enhanced dynamic wedge quality assurance and tolerance levels. Med Phys 2012; 39:4632. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4740149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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66
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Mathieu N, Jones L, Harris A, Hudson A, McLauchlan C, Riou P, Lloyd G. Is propofol a safe and effective sedative for relocating hip prostheses? Emerg Med J 2009; 26:37-8. [DOI: 10.1136/emj.2008.057729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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67
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hudson
- BLC Leather Technology Centre, Northampton, UK
| | - P A Britten
- BLC Leather Technology Centre, Northampton, UK
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68
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Liang H, Lo SS, Ye F, Costantino JP, Hudson A, Vogel VG. Correlation of serum sex hormone levels with the Gail model risk of breast cancer in postmenopausal women. J Clin Oncol 2008. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2008.26.15_suppl.1517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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69
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Hudson A, Bouwman H. New records of 45 bird species in the desert margins area of the North-West Province, South Africa. Koedoe 2006. [DOI: 10.4102/koedoe.v49i1.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
New records and possible range extensions are reported on 45 bird species (ca 25% of the 167 species recorded during surveys) in the Bophirima district of the North-West Province, South Africa. The findings were compared with data in The Atlas of Southern African Birds. The main reasons for these new records may be ascribed to the low number of visits during the atlas project, higher precipitation during the time of our observations versus that of the atlas project, and possibly an increased suitability of the area for some bird species due to human habitation. These new records also provide additional information that may be useful in conservation planning, especially in arid areas. Heuningvlei Pan in particular, should be considered for additional conservation measures.
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70
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71
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72
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73
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Hudson A. A load of hot air. Emerg Med J 2005; 22:531-2. [PMID: 15983104 PMCID: PMC1726855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
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74
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Hudson A, Ellis JT. Culture of Neospora caninum in the presence of a Mycoplasma Removal Agent results in the selection of a mutant population of tachyzoites. Parasitology 2005; 130:607-10. [PMID: 15977896 DOI: 10.1017/s0031182004007115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mycoplasmas are common contaminants of eukaryotic cells grown in tissue culture. A commercially available Mycoplasma Removal Agent (MRA) was therefore assessed for its effect on tachyzoites of Neospora caninum, in order to determine its suitability for further use in parasite cell cultures. Analyses of tachyzoite and excreted-secreted proteins and antigens by SDS-PAGE and Western blotting show that MRA treatment results in the rapid selection of a mutant population that differs from the control and parental lines in its protein and antigen content. The treatment of N. caninum cultures with MRA is therefore not recommended for the eradication of Mycoplasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hudson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Technology, Sydney, St Leonard's Campus, Westbourne Street, Gore Hill, NSW 2065, Australia
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75
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Guillemin R, Hemmers O, Rolles D, Yu SW, Wolska A, Tran I, Hudson A, Baker J, Lindle DW. Nearest-neighbor-atom core-hole transfer in isolated molecules. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:223002. [PMID: 15245217 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.223002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new phenomenon sensitive only to next-door-neighbor atoms in isolated molecules is demonstrated using angle-resolved photoemission of site-selective core electrons. Evidence for this interatomic core-to-core electron interaction is observable only by measuring nondipolar angular distributions of photoelectrons. In essence, the phenomenon acts as a very fine atomic-scale sensor of nearest-neighbor elemental identity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Guillemin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, USA
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76
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77
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Hemmers O, Guillemin R, Kanter EP, Krässig B, Lindle DW, Southworth SH, Wehlitz R, Baker J, Hudson A, Lotrakul M, Rolles D, Stolte WC, Tran IC, Wolska A, Yu SW, Amusia MY, Cheng KT, Chernysheva LV, Johnson WR, Manson ST. Dramatic nondipole effects in low-energy photoionization: experimental and theoretical study of Xe 5s. Phys Rev Lett 2003; 91:053002. [PMID: 12906593 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.91.053002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The Xe 5s nondipole photoelectron parameter gamma is obtained experimentally and theoretically from threshold to approximately 200 eV photon energy. Significant nondipole effects are seen even in the threshold region of this valence shell photoionization. In addition, contrary to previous understanding, clear evidence of interchannel coupling among quadrupole photoionization channels is found.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Hemmers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154-4003, USA
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78
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Savill M, Hudson A, Devane M, Garrett N, Gilpin B, Ball A. Elucidation of potential transmission routes of Campylobacter in New Zealand. Water Sci Technol 2003; 47:33-38. [PMID: 12639002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Campylobacter is the most commonly reported notifiable disease in New Zealand. The cost of Campylobacter infections in the country during 1994 was estimated as dollar 61.7M although the true cost was probably higher. Investigation of the main environmental reservoirs and routes of transmission to humans is necessary to formulate the most appropriate intervention strategies. This project investigated the reservoirs of Campylobacter in a defined geographical area within New Zealand and compared strains isolated from humans and environmental sources within this area as a prelude to investigating the likely transmission routes to humans. Campylobacter jejuni was commonly found in faeces from dairy cows, beef cattle, sheep and ducks, chicken carcasses, sheep offal and surface waters and C. coli was commonly found in sheep faeces. Preliminary analysis of Penner types was suggestive of transmission to humans from dairy and beef cattle and possibly from sheep.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Savill
- Institute of Environmental Science and Research (ESR) Ltd., Christchurch Science Centre, PO Box 29-181, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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79
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Abstract
Three gene families have been identified which interact to polarize plant lateral organs. The results suggest that organ polarity is initially determined by a signal from the shoot tip which specifies adaxial organ identity and results in repression of abaxial identity, thereby aligning the polarity of organs with the stem.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hudson
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH9 3JH, UK.
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80
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Alberti A, Benaglia M, Hudson A, Macciantelli D, Masson S. Spin trapping with phosphonothionesters. Part VI. * Phosphoryl- and thiophosphoryl-thionformates. Res Chem Intermed 2001. [DOI: 10.1163/156856701317051752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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81
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Abstract
Symptom management for persons living with HIV/AIDS is recognized as an extremely important component of care management. This article reports on the continuing validation of the revised Sign and Symptom Check-List for Persons With HIV Disease (SSC-HIVrev). The initial validation study used a combined sample of 933 HIV-positive persons and concluded that the validity and reliability of the instrument were adequate to measure patients' self-report of HIV-related signs and symptoms. The revised scale includes items to measure gynecological-related symptoms and the impact of lipodystrophy (body fat redistribution) due to antiretroviral therapy on patients' symptom experience. The scale structure (factor analysis) and reliability estimates were recalculated in a new sample of 372 HIV-positive persons. Based on reviewing the clusters of items, factor loadings, reliability estimates, and clinical interpretability, an 11-factor solution was determined that explained 73.3% of the variance. Of the retained factors, 4 had eigenvalues less than 1, yet they explained significant amounts of variance in the rotated sums of squares loading (5.0%, 4.3%, 4.3%, and 3.6%, respectively), the reliability estimates were good, and the factors had clinical meaning. The revised scale (SSC-HIVrev) has three parts: Part 1 consists of 45 items that clustered into 11 factor scores along with a total score, with reliability estimates ranging from .76 to .91; Part 2 consists of 19 HIV-related symptoms that do not cluster into factor scores but may be of interest from a clinical perspective; and Part 3 consists of 8 items related to gynecological symptoms for women. These 8 items were submitted to a principal components factor analysis with varimax rotation (n = 118 HIV-positive women), and a 1-factor solution explained 71.8% of the variance, with a reliability estimate of .94. The psychometric properties of the SSC-HIVrev are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Holzemer
- School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, USA
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82
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Abstract
In angiosperms, individual lateral organs and whole flowers may develop asymmetrically along their dorsoventral axes. Dorsoventral asymmetry of Antirrhinum leaves requires activity of the Phantastica gene and other factors acting redundantly with it. We describe the effects of a mutation in the Handlebars gene, identified as an enhancer of the phantastica mutant phenotype. Genetic analysis suggests that Handlebars functions redundantly with Phantastica to promote dorsal fate in lateral organs and to maintain activity of stem cells within shoot apical meristems. Handlebars appears dispensable in vegetative development but is needed for asymmetry of petals along the dorsoventral axis of the flower as a whole. This suggests that common mechanisms may control dorsoventral asymmetry in lateral organ primordia and in floral meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Waites
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JH, UK.
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83
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Abstract
The formation of many complex structures is controlled by a special class of transcription factors encoded by selector genes. It is shown that SCALLOPED, the DNA binding component of the selector protein complex for the Drosophila wing field, binds to and directly regulates the cis-regulatory elements of many individual target genes within the genetic regulatory network controlling wing development. Furthermore, combinations of binding sites for SCALLOPED and transcriptional effectors of signaling pathways are necessary and sufficient to specify wing-specific responses to different signaling pathways. The obligate integration of selector and signaling protein inputs on cis-regulatory DNA may be a general mechanism by which selector proteins control extensive genetic regulatory networks during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- K A Guss
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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84
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Hudson A. Stop these deadly diseases. Nurs Times 2001; 97:21. [PMID: 11954076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
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85
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Byrne ME, Barley R, Curtis M, Arroyo JM, Dunham M, Hudson A, Martienssen RA. Asymmetric leaves1 mediates leaf patterning and stem cell function in Arabidopsis. Nature 2000; 408:967-71. [PMID: 11140682 DOI: 10.1038/35050091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 519] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Meristem function in plants requires both the maintenance of stem cells and the specification of founder cells from which lateral organs arise. Lateral organs are patterned along proximodistal, dorsoventral and mediolateral axes. Here we show that the Arabidopsis mutant asymmetric leaves1 (as1) disrupts this process. AS1 encodes a myb domain protein, closely related to PHANTASTICA in Antirrhinum and ROUGH SHEATH2 in maize, both of which negatively regulate knotted-class homeobox genes. AS1 negatively regulates the homeobox genes KNAT1 and KNAT2 and is, in turn, negatively regulated by the meristematic homeobox gene SHOOT MERISTEMLESS. This genetic pathway defines a mechanism for differentiating between stem cells and organ founder cells within the shoot apical meristem and demonstrates that genes expressed in organ primordia interact with meristematic genes to regulate shoot morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Byrne
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, New York 11724, USA
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86
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87
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Abstract
P elements containing a 7 kb DNA fragment from the middle of the Drosophila bithorax complex insert preferentially into the bithorax complex or into the adjacent chromosome regions. This ‘homing’ property is similar to that reported for the engrailed promoter (Hama, C., Ali, Z. and Kornberg, T. B. (1990) Genes Dev. 4, 1079–1093). The 7 kb fragment does not contain any known promoter, but it acts as a boundary element separating adjacent segmental domains. An enhancer-trap P element was constructed with the homing fragment and the selectable marker flanked by FRT sites. P insertions can be trimmed down by Flp-mediated recombination to just the lacZ reporter, so that the (beta)-galactosidase pattern is not influenced by sequences inside the P element. Twenty insertions into the bithorax complex express (beta)-galactosidase in segmentally limited patterns, reflecting the segmental domains of the bithorax complex where the elements reside. The mapping of segmental domains has now been revised, with enlargement of the abx/bx, bxd/pbx, and the iab-3 domains. The FRT sites in the P elements permit recombination between pairs of elements on opposite chromosomes, to generate duplications or deletions of the DNA between the two insertion sites. Using this technique, the length of the Ultrabithorax transcription unit was varied from 37 to 138 kb, but there was surprisingly little effect on Ultrabithorax function.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Bender
- BCMP Department, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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88
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Certel K, Hudson A, Carroll SB, Johnson WA. Restricted patterning of vestigial expression in Drosophila wing imaginal discs requires synergistic activation by both Mad and the drifter POU domain transcription factor. Development 2000; 127:3173-83. [PMID: 10862753 DOI: 10.1242/dev.127.14.3173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The Drosophila Vestigial protein has been shown to play an essential role in the regulation of cell proliferation and differentiation within the developing wing imaginal disc. Cell-specific expression of vg is controlled by two separate transcriptional enhancers. The boundary enhancer controls expression in cells near the dorsoventral (DV) boundary and is regulated by the Notch signal transduction pathway, while the quadrant enhancer responds to the Decapentaplegic and Wingless morphogen gradients emanating from cells near the anteroposterior (AP) and DV boundaries, respectively. MAD-dependent activation of the vestigial quadrant enhancer results in broad expression throughout the wing pouch but is excluded from cells near the DV boundary. This has previously been thought to be due to direct repression by a signal from the DV boundary; however, we show that this exclusion of quadrant enhancer-dependent expression from the DV boundary is due to the absence of an additional essential activator in those cells. The Drosophila POU domain transcriptional regulator, Drifter, is expressed in all cells within the wing pouch expressing a vgQ-lacZ transgene and is also excluded from the DV boundary. Viable drifter hypomorphic mutations cause defects in cell proliferation and wing vein patterning correlated with decreased quadrant enhancer-dependent expression. Drifter misexpression at the DV boundary using the GAL4/UAS system causes ectopic outgrowths at the distal wing tip due to induction of aberrant Vestigial expression, while a dominant-negative Drifter isoform represses expression of vgQ-lacZ and causes severe notching of the adult wing. In addition, we have identified an essential evolutionarily conserved sequence element bound by the Drifter protein with high affinity and located adjacent to the MAD binding site within the quadrant enhancer. Our results demonstrate that Drifter functions along with MAD as a direct activator of Vestigial expression in the wing pouch.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Certel
- University of Iowa, Genetics Program, College of Medicine, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA
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89
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Abstract
Plant development involves specification and elaboration of axes of asymmetry. The apical-basal and inside-outside axes arise in embryogenesis, and are probably oriented maternally. They are maintained during growth post-germination and interact to establish novel axes of asymmetry in flowers and lateral organs (such as leaves). Whereas the genetic control of axis elaboration is now partially understood in embryos, floral meristems, and organs, the underlying mechanisms of axis specification remain largely obscure. Less functionally significant aspects of plant asymmetry (e.g. the handedness of spiral phyllotaxy) may originate in random events and therefore have no genetic control.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Hudson
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JH United Kingdom; e-mail:
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90
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Abstract
The YABBY gene family was identified recently by homology to CRABS CLAW, a gene involved in carpel and nectary development in Arabidopsis. Several of the transcription factors encoded by the YABBY genes appear to have conserved roles in specifying abaxial cell fate in leaves, floral organs and ovules.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Golz
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH9 3JH, UK
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91
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Way
- Office of Academic Services, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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92
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Abstract
The regulation of members of the knotted1-like homeobox (knox) gene family is required for the normal initiation and development of lateral organs. The maize rough sheath2 (rs2) gene, which encodes a Myb-domain protein, is expressed in lateral organ primordia and their initials. Mutations in the rs2 gene permit ectopic expression of knox genes in leaf and floral primordia, causing a variety of developmental defects. Ectopic KNOX protein accumulation in rs2 mutants occurs in a subset of the normal rs2-expressing cells. This variegated accumulation of KNOX proteins in rs2 mutants suggests that rs2 represses knox expression through epigenetic means.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Timmermans
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
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93
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Hudson A, Jones LR, Weber MT. Adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse as patients: two case studies. J Wound Ostomy Continence Nurs 1999; 26:60-6. [PMID: 10373861 DOI: 10.1016/s1071-5754(99)90016-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse comprise a high percentage of the patients seen in gastrointestinal and genitourinary clinics and are commonly found among the patient population treated by WOC nurses. The physical and emotional consequences of sexual abuse may permeate the survivor's life, but rise to the forefront only with the additional stress of an ostomy or urinary diversion. Two case studies are described involving women the authors encountered in their practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hudson
- Shands Hospital, University of Florida, Gainesville 32610, USA
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94
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Abstract
Formation of leaves and floral organs involves down-regulation of meristem-specific homeobox genes, and de novo expression of genes for organ identity, growth and patterning. Genes required for all these aspects of organ formation have been identified. The challenge now is to establish how they interact to direct organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hudson
- Division of Biological Sciences Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology The University of Edinburgh Daniel Rutherford Building King's Buildings Mayfield Road Edinburgh EH9 3JH UK.
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95
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Halder G, Polaczyk P, Kraus ME, Hudson A, Kim J, Laughon A, Carroll S. The Vestigial and Scalloped proteins act together to directly regulate wing-specific gene expression in Drosophila. Genes Dev 1998; 12:3900-9. [PMID: 9869643 PMCID: PMC317267 DOI: 10.1101/gad.12.24.3900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A small number of major regulatory (selector) genes have been identified in animals that control the development of particular organs or complex structures. In Drosophila, the vestigial gene is required for wing formation and is able to induce wing-like outgrowths on other structures. However, the molecular function of the nuclear Vestigial protein, which bears no informative similarities to other proteins, was unknown. Here, we show that Vestigial requires the function of the Scalloped protein, a member of the TEA family of transcriptional regulators, to directly activate the expression of genes involved in wing morphogenesis. Genetic and molecular analyses reveal that Vestigial regulates wing identity by forming a complex with the Scalloped protein that binds sequence specifically to essential sites in wing-specific enhancers. These enhancers also require the direct inputs of signaling pathways, and the response of an enhancer can be switched to another pathway through changes in signal-transducer binding sites. Combinatorial regulation by selector proteins and signal transducers is likely to be a general feature of the tissue-specific control of gene expression during organogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Halder
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706 USA
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96
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Waites R, Selvadurai HR, Oliver IR, Hudson A. The PHANTASTICA gene encodes a MYB transcription factor involved in growth and dorsoventrality of lateral organs in Antirrhinum. Cell 1998; 93:779-89. [PMID: 9630222 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)81439-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The organs of a higher plant show two fundamental axes of asymmetry: proximodistal and dorsoventral. Dorsoventrality in leaves, bracts, and petal lobes of Antirrhinum majus requires activity of the PHANTASTICA (PHAN) gene. Conditional mutants revealed that PHAN is also required for earlier elaboration of the proximodistal axis. PHAN was isolated and shown to encode a MYB transcription factor homolog. PHAN mRNA is first detected in organ initials before primordium initiation. The structure and expression pattern of PHAN, together with its requirement in two key features of organ development, are consistent with a role in specifying lateral organ identity as distinct from that of the stem or meristem. PHAN also appears to maintain meristem activity in a non-cell-autonomous manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Waites
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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97
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Weatherbee SD, Halder G, Kim J, Hudson A, Carroll S. Ultrabithorax regulates genes at several levels of the wing-patterning hierarchy to shape the development of the Drosophila haltere. Genes Dev 1998; 12:1474-82. [PMID: 9585507 PMCID: PMC316835 DOI: 10.1101/gad.12.10.1474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Arthropods and vertebrates are constructed of many serially homologous structures whose individual patterns are regulated by Hox genes. The Hox-regulated target genes and developmental pathways that determine the morphological differences between any homologous structures are not known. The differentiation of the Drosophila haltere from the wing through the action of the Ultrabithorax (Ubx) gene is a classic example of Hox regulation of serial homology, although no Ubx-regulated genes in the haltere have been identified previously. Here, we show that Ubx represses the expression of the Wingless (Wg) signaling protein and a subset of Wg- and Decapentaplegic-activated genes such as spalt-related, vestigial, Serum Response Factor, and achaete-scute, whose products regulate morphological features that differ between the wing and haltere. In addition, we found that some genes in the same developmental pathway are independently regulated by Ubx. Our results suggest that Ubx, and Hox genes in general, independently and selectively regulate genes that act at many levels of regulatory hierarchies to shape the differential development of serially homologous structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- S D Weatherbee
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Laboratory of Molecular Biology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA.
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98
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Abstract
Morphological studies of early events in leaf development have been hindered by the lack of stereotypic patterns of cell division and markers for cell identity. However, molecular genetic analysis, particularly in maize, has begun to suggest the mechanisms which partition meristematic cells into a leaf primordium, define regional identities within the primordium and direct localised growth which leads to outgrowth and flattening of the leaf. Therefore, the leaf may provide a model for pattern formation applicable to other parts of the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hudson
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Edinburgh, UK
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99
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Haffner C, Takei K, Chen H, Ringstad N, Hudson A, Butler MH, Salcini AE, Di Fiore PP, De Camilli P. Synaptojanin 1: localization on coated endocytic intermediates in nerve terminals and interaction of its 170 kDa isoform with Eps15. FEBS Lett 1997; 419:175-80. [PMID: 9428629 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-5793(97)01451-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Synaptojanin 1 is an inositol 5-phosphatase with a putative role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis. Goal of this study was to provide new evidence for this hypothesis. We show that synaptojanin 1 is concentrated at clathrin-coated endocytic intermediates in nerve terminals. Furthermore, we report that synaptojanin-170, an alternatively spliced isoform of synaptojanin 1, binds Eps15, a clathrin coat-associated protein. Binding is mediated by the COOH-terminal region of synaptojanin-170 which we show here to be poorly conserved from rat to humans, but to contain in both species three asparagine-proline-phenylalanine (NPF) repeats. This motif has been found to be the core of the binding site for the EH domains of Eps15. Together with previous data, our results suggest that synaptojanin 1 can be recruited to clathrin-coated pits via a multiplicity of interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Haffner
- Department of Cell Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
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100
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Abstract
Genetic and molecular analysis in Arabidopsis has identified components of a putative cell signalling pathway that appears to regulate the balance between stem cell proliferation and fate specification in meristems.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hudson
- Institute of Cell and Molecular Biology, Rutherford Building, The King's Buildings, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh, EH9 3JH, UK
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