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Helal MA, Al-Gazzar AE, Abas M, Akhtar S, Gad MM, Al-Thobity AM. Comparative Effect of Different Surface Treatments on the Shear Bond Strength of Two Types of Artificial Teeth Bonded To Two Types of Denture Base Resins. J Prosthodont 2021; 31:427-433. [PMID: 34480386 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vitro study aims to assess the impact of various surface treatments on the shear bond strength (SBS) of two types of artificial teeth and denture base resins (DBRs). MATERIALS AND METHODS Two types of DBRs (CAD/CAM-milled and heat-polymerized) and two types of denture teeth (acrylic and composite) were investigated. Teeth were cut into slices (5 × 5 × 2 mm) and divided according to surface treatment into four subgroups (n = 10): no treatment (control), air abrasion (Alumina-blasting; AB), bur roughening, and dichloromethane (DCM) subgroups. According to manufacturer recommendations, the treated tooth slices were bonded to the acrylic disk of DBRs. The SBS test was performed using a universal testing machine. ANOVA was used for results analysis followed by Tukey's post hoc tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS DCM and AB increased the SBS of acrylic teeth to heat-polymerized DBR compared with other groups (p < 0.001). All surface treatments showed no significant difference in CAD/CAM DBR with acrylic teeth (p = 0.059; AB, p = 0.319; bur roughening, p = 0.895; DCM), while there was a significant decrease in SBS with composite teeth (p ˂ 0.001). Between teeth, acrylic teeth showed a statistically significant increase in SBS compared to composite teeth (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION AB and DCM application improved the SBS for acrylic teeth with the heat-polymerized DBR when compared with the untreated group, but none of the surface treatment agents showed significant improvement with CAD/CAM DBR. All surface treatment agents reduced the SBS for composite teeth with CAD/CAM DBR while AB only increased the SBS with heat-polymerized DBR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Helal
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | | | - Mohamed Abas
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Alzayyat ST, Almutiri GA, Aljandan JK, Algarzai RM, Khan SQ, Akhtar S, Ateeq IS, Gad MM. Effects of SiO2 Incorporation on the Flexural Properties of a Denture Base Resin: An In Vitro Study. Eur J Dent 2021; 16:188-194. [PMID: 34428839 PMCID: PMC8890923 DOI: 10.1055/s-0041-1732806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of the addition of low-silicon dioxide nanoparticles (nano-SiO
2
) on the flexural strength and elastic modulus of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material.
Materials and Methods
A total of 50 rectangular acrylic specimens (65 × 10 × 2.5 mm
3
) were fabricated from heat-polymerized acrylic resin. In accordance with the amount of nano-SiO
2
, specimens were divided into the following five groups (
n
= 10 per group): a control group with no added SiO
2
, and four test groups modified with 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 wt% nano-SiO
2
of acrylic powder. Flexural strength and elastic modulus were measured by using a 3-point bending test with a universal testing machine. A scanning electron microscope was used for fracture surface analyses. Data analyses were conducted through analysis of variance and Tukey’s post hoc test (α = 0.05).
Results
Compared with the control group, flexural strength and modulus of elasticity tended to significantly increase (
p
˂ 0.001) with the incorporation of nano-SiO
2
. In between the reinforced groups, the flexural strength significantly decreased (
p
˂ 0.001) as the concentrations increased from 0.25 to 1.0%, with the 1.0% group showing the lowest value. Furthermore, the elastic modulus significantly increased (
p
˂ 0.001) at 0.05% followed by 1.0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and least in control group.
Conclusion
A low nano-SiO
2
addition increased the flexural strength and elastic modulus of a PMMA denture base resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara T Alzayyat
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah A Almutiri
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawhara K Aljandan
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raneem M Algarzai
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soban Q Khan
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ijlal Shahrukh Ateeq
- Biomedical Engineering department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Gad MM, Fouda SM, Abualsaud R, Alshahrani FA, Al-Thobity AM, Khan SQ, Akhtar S, Ateeq IS, Helal MA, Al-Harbi FA. Strength and Surface Properties of a 3D-Printed Denture Base Polymer. J Prosthodont 2021; 31:412-418. [PMID: 34347351 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This in vitro study evaluated the flexural strength, impact strength, hardness, and surface roughness of 3D-printed denture base resin subjected to thermal cycling treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS According to ISO 20795-1:2013 standards, 120 acrylic resin specimens (40/flexural strength test, 40/impact strength, and 40/surface roughness and hardness test, n = 10) were fabricated and distributed into two groups: heat-polymerized; (Major.Base.20) as control and 3D-printed (NextDent) as experimental group. Half of the specimens of each group were subjected to 10,000 thermal cycles of 5 to 55°C simulating 1 year of clinical use. Flexural strength (MPa), impact strength (KJ/m2 ), hardness (VHN), and surface roughness (μm) were measured using universal testing machine, Charpy's impact tester, Vickers hardness tester, and profilometer, respectively. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey honestly significant difference (HSD) test (α = 0.05). RESULTS The values of flexural strength (MPa) were 86.63 ± 1.0 and 69.15 ± 0.88; impact strength (KJ/m2 )-6.32 ± 0.50 and 2.44 ± 0.31; hardness (VHN)-41.63 ± 2.03 and 34.62 ± 2.1; and surface roughness (μm)-0.18 ± 0.01 and 0.12 ± 0.02 for heat-polymerized and 3D-printed denture base materials, respectively. Significant differences in all tested properties were recorded between heat-polymerized and 3D-printed denture base materials (P < 0.001). Thermal cycling significantly lowered the flexural strength (63.93 ± 1.54 MPa), impact strength (2.40 ± 0.35 KJ/m2 ), and hardness (30.17 ± 1.38 VHN) of 3D-printed resin in comparison to thermal cycled heat-polymerized resin, but surface roughness showed non-significant difference (p = 0.262). CONCLUSION 3D-printed resin had inferior flexural strength, impact strength, and hardness values than heat-polymerized resin, but showed superior surface roughness. Temperature changes (thermal cycling) significantly reduced the hardness and flexural strength and increased surface roughness, but did not affect the impact strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris A Alshahrani
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soban Q Khan
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ijlal Shahrukh Ateeq
- Biomedical Engineering department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A Helal
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Bansal A, Saad A, Jain V, Gad MM, Unai S, Yun JJ, Krishnaswamy A, Kapadia SR. Delirium Predicts Worse Outcomes in Both Transcatheter and Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2021; 14:1738-1740. [PMID: 34353606 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcin.2021.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Gad MM, Rahoma A, Khan ZA, Al-Thobity AM, Abualsaud R, Alkaltham N, Akhtar S, Ateeq IS, Al-Harbi FA. Closed Repair Technique: Innovative Surface Design for Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Repair. J Prosthodont 2021; 31:257-265. [PMID: 34318547 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to evaluate the repair strength of a newly introduced repair technique involving zero-gap repair width. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 36 rectangular prism specimens with dimensions of 64 × 10 × 3.3 mm were prepared from heat-polymerized acrylic resin. Nine specimens were kept intact. The other specimens were sectioned into halves and modified to create repair gaps of 2.5-mm beveled (2.5B) as control, 0-mm beveled (ZB), and 0-mm inverse bi-beveled (ZIBB). The ZIBB group was prepared with a V-shaped internal groove on both halves (repair tunnel), while the intaglio and cameo surfaces were kept intact except for two small holes at the cameo surface for repair resin injection. The 2.5B and ZB groups were repaired conventionally while the ZIBB group was repaired by injecting repair resin into the tunnel through one of the holes until excess material oozed from the other hole. Repaired specimens were thermally cycled at 5 and 55°C for 10,000 cycles with 1 min dwell time. A 3-point bending test was conducted using a universal testing machine for flexural strength and elastic modulus measurement. Kruskal-Wallis/Mann-Whitney tests and ANOVA/post hoc Tukey tests were applied for data analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS The flexural strength of repaired specimens was substantially lower than that of intact specimens, and significant differences were present between repaired groups (p ˂ 0.05). ZB and ZIBB had higher flexural strength (p ˂ 0.001) and elastic modulus (p ˂ 0.05) than 2.5B. Among the ZB and ZIBB groups, ZB showed the highest flexural strength, and ZIBB had the highest elastic modulus. CONCLUSION The closed repair technique improved the flexural strength and elastic modulus of repaired acrylic denture base.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Rahoma
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahid A Khan
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nora Alkaltham
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ijlal Shahrukh Ateeq
- Biomedical Engineering department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Hamid SK, AlDubayan AH, Alghamdi LA, Akhtar S, Khan SQ, Ateeq IS, Gad MM. Mechanical, Surface, and Optical Properties of PMMA Denture Base Material Modified with Azadirachta indica as an Antifungal Agent. J Contemp Dent Pract 2021; 22:655-664. [PMID: 34393123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE The present study assessed the influence of Azadirachta indica (AI) powder on the mechanical, surface, and optical properties of heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 300 heat-polymerized PMMA acrylic resin specimens were fabricated with dimensions of 65 × 10 × 3.3 ± 0.01 mm for flexural strength, 50 × 6 × 4 ± 0.01 mm for impact strength testing, and 15 × 2 ± 0.01 mm for surface roughness, hardness, and translucency testing. The specimens were distributed into six groups (n = 10) based on AI powder concentration: An unmodified control group and AI powder-modified groups with 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 wt% of acrylic resin powder. Universal testing machine was used to measure flexural strength and Charpy's impact tester for impact strength. Surface roughness, hardness, and translucency were assessed using a profilometer, Vicker hardness tester, and spectrophotometer, respectively. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and posthoc Scheffe's test were utilized; p ≤ 0.05 was considered a statistically significant difference. RESULTS ANOVA showed no significant differences in terms of impact strength (p = 0.175) and surface roughness (p = 0.371), while significant differences were detected in terms of flexural strength, hardness, and translucency (p = 0.001). According to post hoc Scheffe's test, there was a significant decrease in flexural strength for AI groups (p < 0.001) except 0.5% AI group (p = 0.66), while impact strength had no significant difference between AI groups (p = 0.175). Hardness had an insignificant difference between control and modified groups (p>0.05), with exception of 2.5% AI group (p = 0.001). For translucency, a significant difference was found between control and all modified groups (p<0.05). CONCLUSION Incorporating AI powder into heat-polymerized denture base material did not significantly alter impact strength, surface roughness, or hardness, except at 2.5% AI concentration, where hardness decreased. On the contrary, flexural strength and translucency were significantly affected. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study contributes to establishing a new approach for denture stomatitis disease treatment and prevention with the lowest adverse effect on denture properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shorouq K Hamid
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Lujain A Alghamdi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soban Q Khan
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ijlal S Ateeq
- Biomedical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966592502080, e-mail:
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Gad MM, Al-Sunni M, Al-Shayeb A, Al-Namsy R, Al-Naser Z, Q Khan S. The in-vitro effects of white henna addition on the Candida albicans adhesion and physical properties of denture base resin. Eur Oral Res 2021; 55:86-93. [PMID: 34250475 PMCID: PMC8244940 DOI: 10.26650/eor.20210033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: This in-vitro study evaluated and compared the effect of white henna (WH) and
natural henna (NH) addition on Candida albicans adhesion and physical properties
of the denture base material. Materials and methods: A total of 243 acrylic resin specimens (9 per group) were divided as follows:
81 for flexural strength, 81 for Candida albicans adherence test, and 81 for
surface roughness, translucency, and hardness. Heat-polymerized acrylic
resin specimens were prepared by adding 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, or 2.0 wt% of WH or NH.
Candida albicans adhesion was determined using direct culture and slide count
methods. Flexural strength, surface roughness, hardness, and translucency were
measured using the three-point bending test, profilometer, Vickers hardness test,
and spectrophotometer, respectively. ANOVA and post hoc Tukey’s tests were
performed for data analysis. Results: Addition of 0.5% WH, 1% WH, and 0.5% NH to denture base resin significantly
decreased Candida albicans adhesion (p<0.05). WH and NH significantly decreased
the flexural strength and translucency, except 0.5% WH, and significantly increased
surface roughness, except 0.5% WH and 0.5% NH. WH addition showed nonsignificant differences in the hardness, while NH addition significantly decreased
hardness (p<0.05). Conclusion: Addition of WH and NH decreased C. albicans adhesion to PMMA denture base resin.
However, flexural strength, translucency, and surface roughness were adversely
affected, particularly at higher concentrations. Hardness was reduced with NH only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mouna Al-Sunni
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam,Saudi Arabia
| | - Abrar Al-Shayeb
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam,Saudi Arabia
| | - Reyam Al-Namsy
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam,Saudi Arabia
| | - Zainab Al-Naser
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam,Saudi Arabia
| | - Soban Q Khan
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
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Gad MM, Abualsaud R, Alqarawi FK, Emam ANM, Khan SQ, Akhtar S, Mahrous AA, Al-Harbi FA. Translucency of nanoparticle-reinforced PMMA denture base material: An in-vitro comparative study. Dent Mater J 2021; 40:972-978. [PMID: 33883327 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2020-296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the translucency of denture base acrylic resin reinforced with zirconium dioxide (ZrO2NPs), silicon dioxide (SiO2NPs), and diamond (DNPs) nanoparticles. A total of 130 heat-polymerized acrylic discs (15×2.5 mm) were fabricated conventionally and divided into control and experimental groups according to nanoparticle type and concentration (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2.5 wt%). Unmodified acrylic resin specimens served as control. All specimens were thermocycled (5,000 cycles). Translucency was measured using a spectrophotometer. ANOVA and post-hoc Turkeys' test were used for data analysis at α=0.05. The translucency of modified PMMA was significantly lower than control (p<0.05) except 0.5% ZrO2NPs and SiO2NPs (p>0.05) which exhibited the highest translucency values among modified groups. As the NPs concentration increased, the translucency decreased and the lowest value was seen with 2.5% DNPs (1.18±0.10). The addition of ZrO2NPs, SiO2NPs, and DNPs into denture base resin decreased the translucency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | - Firas K Alqarawi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | - Abdel-Naser M Emam
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Al-Azhar University
| | - Soban Q Khan
- Department of Dental Education, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | - Amr A Mahrous
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
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Gad MM, Abualsaud R, Rahoma A, Al-Thobity AM, Akhtar S, Fouda SM. Double-layered acrylic resin denture base with nanoparticle additions: An in vitro study. J Prosthet Dent 2020; 127:174-183. [PMID: 33190862 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Whether the addition of different antifungal nanoparticles to denture base materials may affect physical or esthetic properties of the resulting nanocomposite is unclear. PURPOSE The purpose of this in vitro study was to determine how a new method of adding antifungal nanofiller affects the properties of the processed nanocomposite denture base material. MATERIAL AND METHODS Heat-polymerized acrylic resin specimens were prepared according to each test specification. Zirconium dioxide nanoparticles (ZrO2NPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were added in 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% of acrylic resin powder. The specimens were divided into 2 groups according to the acrylic resin packing method: 1 layer packed conventionally in one step and 2 layers packed in 2 steps, first with unmodified acrylic resin and then by a thin layer of modified acrylic resin before the final closure. The control group was made of unaltered acrylic resin in 1 step. Flexural strength (FS), translucency, and surface roughness (Ra) were measured. A microbial assay was performed by using the direct culture and slide count methods. Three-way ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used to identify statistical differences among groups (α=.05). RESULTS The addition of ZrO2NPs and AgNPs in the 1- or 2-layer specimens reduced Candida albicans adhesion (P<.001). In the 1- and 2-layer specimens, FS significantly increased with ZrO2NPs. AgNPs decreased FS only in the 1-layer specimen (P<.001). Surface roughness was not changed for the 1- and 2-layer specimens with ZrO2NPs or the 1-layer specimen with 0.5% AgNPs (P>.05), while other AgNP groups exhibited increased surface roughness (P<.001). AgNPs significantly lowered translucency in the 1- and 2-layer specimens (P<.001), while ZrO2NPs decreased translucency only in the 1-layer specimen (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS The addition of ZrO2NPs in the double-layer technique decreased Candida adhesion and improved FS without affecting surface roughness, while AgNPs decreased Candida adhesion and FS and increased surface roughness. Both nanofillers decreased the translucency except 0.5% ZrO2NPs, which did not change translucency when applied in 2 layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Lecturer, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Assistant Professor, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Rahoma
- Assistant Professor, Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Associate Professor, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Assistant Professor, Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M Fouda
- Lecturer, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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60
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Alzayyat ST, Almutiri GA, Aljandan JK, Algarzai RM, Khan SQ, Akhtar S, Matin A, Gad MM. Antifungal Efficacy and Physical Properties of Poly(methylmethacrylate) Denture Base Material Reinforced with SiO 2 Nanoparticles. J Prosthodont 2020; 30:500-508. [PMID: 33020964 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of the addition of low concentration of silicon-dioxide nanoparticles (nano-SiO2 ) to poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) denture base material on Candida albicans adhesion, surface roughness, contact angle, hardness, and translucency. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 150 acrylic disks were fabricated from heat-polymerized acrylic resin and specimens were divided into 3 groups of 50 per test. They were further subdivided into 5 subgroups (n = 10) according to the concentration of nano-SiO2 : control (no addition) and four tested groups modified with 0.05, 0.25, 0.5, and 1.0 wt% nano-SiO2 of acrylic powder. Slide count and direct culture methods were used to measure C. albicans count (CFU/mL). The surface roughness values (Ra ; μm) were determined using a profilometer. The contact angle (o ) measurement was performed by a goniometer using the sessile drop method. Vickers hardness was used to analyze surface hardness. Translucency was measured using a spectrophotometer. Data analysis was conducted through analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS Compared to the control group, direct culture and slide count methods illustrated a significant decrease in C. albicans count (p ˂ 0.001) with the addition of nano-SiO2 , and this decrease was correlated with the concentration of nano-SiO2 . The addition of nano-SiO2 significantly decreased the contact angle (p ˂ 0.001), whereas hardness and surface roughness significantly increased (p ˂ 0.001). The addition of nano-SiO2 significantly decreased translucency (p ˂ 0.001), and this decrease was concentration dependent. CONCLUSION Addition of low concentration of nano-SiO2 decreased C. albicans adhesion to PMMA denture base resin. Also, low additions of nano-SiO2 have positive effects on contact angle and hardness, whereas surface roughness and translucency were adversely affected at high concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara T Alzayyat
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghadah A Almutiri
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jawhara K Aljandan
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Raneem M Algarzai
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soban Q Khan
- Department of Clinical Affairs, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Matin
- Centre for Research Excellence in Desalination & Water Treatment, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Gad MM, Abualsaud R, Fouda SM, Rahoma A, Al-Thobity AM, Khan SQ, Akhtar S, Al-Harbi FA. Effects of Denture Cleansers on the Flexural Strength of PMMA Denture Base Resin Modified with ZrO 2 Nanoparticles. J Prosthodont 2020; 30:235-244. [PMID: 32783226 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The additions of zirconium oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZrO2 ) to denture base materials have produced nanocomposites with satisfactory properties, although there is a lack of research investigating the effects of denture cleansers on these materials. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of denture cleansers on the flexural strength of denture base materials modified with nano-ZrO2 . MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 270 specimens were fabricated from pure and nano-ZrO2 reinforced acrylic resins at 2.5% and 5%, resulting in 3 main groups. The groups were further divided into subgroups (n = 10) according to immersion solution (distilled water, Corega, sodium hypochlorite, and Renew) and immersion duration. Flexural strength was measured at baseline (T0 ) in distilled water and after 180 and 365 days of immersion (T1 and T2 ) in denture cleansers. Data were collected and analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferroni post hoc tests (α = 0.05). RESULTS The flexural strength of the nano-ZrO2 modified denture base material decreased significantly after immersion in different denture cleansers at different immersion durations in comparison to baseline (T0 ) (p < 0.001). Sodium hypochlorite showed the highest reduction in flexural strength followed by Corega, while Renew cleansing solution resulted in the least change. CONCLUSION Denture cleansers can significantly affect the flexural strength of nano-ZrO2 modified denture base materials and thus should be used cautiously.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Rahoma
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soban Q Khan
- Department of Clinical Affairs, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Al-Thobity AM, Gad MM, Farooq I, Alshahrani AS, Al-Dulaijan YA. Acid Effects on the Physical Properties of Different CAD/CAM Ceramic Materials: An in Vitro Analysis. J Prosthodont 2020; 30:135-141. [PMID: 32744393 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the flexural strength, elastic modulus, microhardness, and surface roughness of monolithic zirconia, lithium disilicate ceramics, and feldspathic ceramics after being exposed to different acidic solutions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rectangular specimens (n = 180) were prepared from three different ceramic materials: lithium disilicate, monolithic zirconia, and feldspathic porcelain. Initial Surface roughness of ninety specimens (n = 30/material) was evaluated using an optical noncontact profilometer. Thirty specimens of each material were immersed in one of the following solutions (n = 10/group): citric acid; acidic beverage; and artificial saliva, which served as the control. Post immersion surface roughness, flexural strength, and elastic modulus were determined using an optical noncontact profilometer and three-point bending test. Another thirty specimens of each material were immersed in the aqueous solutions (n = 10/group) following the same protocol and subjected to microhardness test using a Vickers diamond microhardness tester. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to examine the surface characteristics changes. ANOVA and Post-hoc Tukey's Kramer tests were used for data analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS Immersion in different solutions did not affect the flexural strength and elastic modulus of lithium disilicate or zirconia. Microhardness and surface roughness were significantly affected in all groups (p < 0.05). For feldspathic porcelain groups, the flexural strength and elastic modulus were significantly decreased in the citric acid group (p = 0.045 and p = 0.019). Also, there were significant differences among all feldspathic porcelain groups (p = 0.001) in terms of microhardness and surface roughness values. CONCLUSIONS The tested acidic agents significantly affected the flexural strength, elastic modulus, surface roughness, and microhardness of feldspathic porcelain. However, the flexural strength and elastic modulus of evaluated lithium disilicate and zirconia did not change significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Imran Farooq
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Alshahrani
- Prosthetic Dental Sciences Department, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousif A Al-Dulaijan
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, 31441, Saudi Arabia
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Helal MA, Yang B, Saad E, Abas M, Al-kholy MR, Imam AY, Gad MM. Effect of SiO2 and Al2O3 nanoparticles on wear resistance of PMMA acrylic denture teeth. BDS 2020. [DOI: 10.14295/bds.2020.v23i3.1999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the wear resistance of acrylic denture teeth containing silicon dioxide (nano-SiO2) and aluminum dioxide (nano-Al2O3) nanoparticles. Material and Methods: Poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture tooth material was used to denture tooth material was used to fabricate 84 specimens (n=10) containing nano-SiO2 and nano-Al2O3 in concentrations 0.1wt%, 0.3wt%, and 0.5wt% of acrylic powder. A two-body wear testing machine and digital microscope were used to measure the changes in weight loss and surface roughness respectively. One-way ANOVA and pair-wise Tukey’s post-hoc tests were used for data analysis (? = 0.05). Results: Nano-SiO2 modified teeth material demonstrated a significant increase in weight loss in comparison conventional artificial acrylic teeth material (p ? 0.05) while nano- Al2O3 modified teeth material demonstrated non-significant increase in weight loss except for 0.5% subgroup (p ? 0.05). There is no significant differences regarding roughness change after wear simulation among all tested groups (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Nano-Al2O3 nanoparticles exhibit less negative effect than nano-SiO2 so; it could be used with caution if necessary.KeywordsAcrylic denture teeth; Al2O3 nanoparticles; SiO2 nanoparticles; wear resistance; surface roughness.
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Gad MM, Abualsaud R, Al-Thobity AM, Baba NZ, Al-Harbi FA. Influence of Addition of Different Nanoparticles on the Surface Properties of Poly(methylmethacrylate) Denture Base Material. J Prosthodont 2020; 29:422-428. [PMID: 32233047 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 03/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the surface properties (roughness and hardness) of poly(methylmethacrylate) denture base material modified with zirconium dioxide (ZNPs), silicon dioxide (SNPs), and diamond (DNPs) nanoparticles. MATERIALS AND METHODS Two hundred sixty heat-polymerized acrylic resin disks (15 × 2 mm) were prepared. ZNPs, SNPs, and DNPs were added in concentrations of 0%, 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5%, and 5.0% by weight of acrylic powder. This yielded a total of 13 groups for each test according to filler type and concentration (n = 10/group). The control group was made of pure acrylic. A mechanical polisher was used to standardize specimens' surfaces before testing. A profilometer and Vickers hardness indenter were used to test the surface roughness and hardness, respectively. ANOVA and Tukey post hoc tests were used for data analysis (α = 0.05). RESULTS In comparison to control, results showed a nonsignificant increase in surface roughness (Ra ) of acrylic material after the addition of 0.5% nanoparticles (ZNPs p = 0.168, SNPs p = 0.166, and DNPs p = 0.177), while a significant increase was seen with all other concentrations (p ˂ 0.05). Ra values of ZNP and DNP groups were significantly higher than those of the SNPs group (p < 0.001). The addition of any of the fillers to acrylic denture base materials significantly increased the hardness (p ˂ 0.05), with ZNPs and DNPs having values lower than those of the SNPs group (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Although nanofiller addition increased the hardness of denture base material, Ra was adversely affected when the concentration exceeded 0.5%. Therefore, 0.5% is suggested to be the most appropriate ratio to improve hardness with acceptable Ra .
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Lecturer, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Assistant Professor, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Associate Professor, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadim Z Baba
- Professor, Advanced Education Program in Implant Dentistry, Loma Linda University, School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Professor, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Gad MM, Rahoma A, Abualsaud R, Al-Thobity AM, Akhtar S, Siddiqui IA, Al-Harbi FA. Influence of artificial aging and ZrO2 nanoparticle-reinforced repair resin on the denture repair strength. J Clin Exp Dent 2020; 12:e354-e362. [PMID: 32382385 PMCID: PMC7195688 DOI: 10.4317/jced.56610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of aging process on the tensile strength (TS) of repaired acrylic denture base using ZrO2 nanoparticles (nano-ZrO2)-reinforced autopolymerized resin. Material and Methods A total of 240 heat-polymerized acrylic resin specimens (n=10) were prepared and sectioned creating 2 mm-repair-gap. Autopolymerized acrylic resin, pure and modified with 2.5, 5, and 7.5wt% nano-ZrO2 were used for specimens repair. TS of repaired specimens were measured using the universal testing machine after water immersion at 37oC for 2, 7 and 30 days. At each time interval, half the immersed specimens underwent thermo-cycling aging process (5000 cycles at 5/55°C) before TS testing. One-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple-comparison tests were used for data analysis at α=0.05. Results Aging process for all groups showed significant differences in TS between unreinforced and nano-ZrO2 reinforced groups (p<0.05). Within immersed nano-ZrO2-reinforced specimens, 5% group immersed for 30-days showed the highest significant TS value (p<0.05). With regards to thermocycling, 5% group showed the highest TS values after 2-days and 30-days groups while after 7-days, significant differences were found between 2.5% group and 5% and 7.5% groups (p<0.05). SEM images analysis displayed the ductile fracture type for nano-ZrO2 reinforced groups. Conclusions In summary, 5.0%-nano-ZrO2 addition to repair resin showed an improvement in tensile strength of repaired acrylic resin with different aging processes. Key words:Acrylic resins, denture repair, tensile strength, thermocycling, water storage, zirconium oxide nanoparticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- MSc. College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Rahoma
- PhD. College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- DScD. College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- FRCD(C). College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- PhD. Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations (IRMC), Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Intisar A Siddiqui
- MSc. College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- DScD, FACP. College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
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Gad MM, Rahoma A, Abualsaud R, Al-Thobity AM, Akhtar S, Helal MA, Al-Harbi FA. Impact of different surface treatments and repair material reinforcement on the flexural strength of repaired PMMA denture base material. Dent Mater J 2020; 39:471-482. [PMID: 32092720 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2018-436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the impact of surface treatments and repair resin reinforcement with zirconium oxide nano-particles (nano-ZrO2) on flexural strength (FS) of repaired denture base. A total of 320 heat-polymerized acrylic resin specimens were prepared and sectioned creating 2-mm gap. According to repair surface treatment, specimens were distributed into four groups: I) methyl methacrylate (M); II) alumina-blasted (AB); III) AB+silane coupling agent (SC); and IV) AB+methacrylate based composite bonding agent (MA). Groups were subdivided into 4 (n=20) according to nano-ZrO2 concentration (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5 wt%). Half the specimens were thermo-cycled before testing. FS was determined by three-point bending test. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests, with α=0.05. Alumina-blasting+(SC) or (MA) significantly increased FS of repaired specimens compared to control (p<0.05). All surface-treated specimens combined with nano-ZrO2 reinforced repair resin significantly increased FS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | - Ahmed Rahoma
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | - Mohamed A Helal
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
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Gad MM, Abualsaud R, Al-Thobity AM, Al-Abidi KS, Khan SQ, Abdel-Halim MS, Al-Harbi FA, El Zayat M, Fouda SM. Prevalence of partial edentulism and RPD design in patients treated at College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Saudi Arabia. Saudi Dent J 2020; 32:74-79. [PMID: 32071535 PMCID: PMC7016229 DOI: 10.1016/j.sdentj.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of partial edentulism, RPD type, design, and components and their frequency of use by patients at the prosthodontic clinics of the College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia. The prepared surveys, laboratory authorization forms, and images of the RPD metal frameworks on casts were used for data collection. Two calibrated investigators studied the digital photographs to identify the Kennedy classification, type of RPD, major connector, clasp assembly, and other details. Data was collected and analyzed statistically. The results showed that the most common class of partial edentulism was Kennedy class I, whereas class IV was the least (p < 0.001). Sixty two percent of fabricated RPDs had metal frameworks, whereas 37.2% were frameless. RPI was the most frequently used clasp assembly (38.9%), a significant finding in Kennedy class I(p < 0.01). The maxillary anteroposterior palatal strap and mandibular lingual plate were the most commonly used major connectors, at 41.2% and 60.8%, respectively. Conclusions: Simple RPD design that accomplishes the treatment objectives as well as proper communication with a well-trained dental technician would promote the success of RPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Khalid S Al-Abidi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Soban Q Khan
- Department of Clinical Affairs, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Halim
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mai El Zayat
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam 31411, Saudi Arabia
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AlBin‐Ameer MA, Alsrheed MY, Aldukhi IA, Matin A, Khan SQ, Abualsaud R, Gad MM. Effect of Protective Coating on Surface Properties and
Candida albicans
Adhesion to Denture Base Materials. J Prosthodont 2019; 29:80-86. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mahdi Y Alsrheed
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31411 Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim A Aldukhi
- Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31411 Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Matin
- Centre for Research Excellence in Desalination & Water Treatment King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals Dhahran 31261 Saudi Arabia
| | - Soban Q Khan
- Department of Clinical Affairs, College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31411 Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31411 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University P.O. Box 1982 Dammam 31411 Saudi Arabia
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Abushowmi TH, AlZaher ZA, Almaskin DF, Qaw MS, Abualsaud R, Akhtar S, Al-Thobity AM, Al-Harbi FA, Gad MM, Baba NZ. Comparative Effect of Glass Fiber and Nano-Filler Addition on Denture Repair Strength. J Prosthodont 2019; 29:261-268. [PMID: 31696582 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate and compare the effects of glass fiber (GF), Zirconium oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZrO2 ), and silicon dioxide nanoparticles (nano-SiO2 ) addition on the flexural strength and impact strength of repaired denture base material. MATERIALS AND METHODS Heat-polymerized acrylic resin specimens were fabricated. All specimens were sectioned centrally and beveled creating 2.5 mm repair gap except for 10 controls. Specimen grouping (n = 10/group) was done according to filler concentration of 0%, 0.25%, 0.5%, and 0.75% of auto-polymerized acrylic powder. Modified resin was mixed, packed in the repair gap, polymerized, finished and polished. Three-point bending test and Charpy type impact testing were done. Data were analyzed using one-way-ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey test (α = 0.05). RESULTS All additives significantly increased flexural strength and impact strength (p < 0.05). Within the modified subgroups, no significant differences were found for GF. Significant increase for nano-ZrO2 and significant decrease for nano-SiO2 as the concentration of additive increased were noted for both flexural strength and impact strength. Highest flexural strength was found with 0.75%-nano-ZrO2 (69.59 ± 2.52MPa) and the lowest was found with 0.75%-nano-SiO2 (53.82 ± 3.10MPa). The 0.25%-nano-SiO2 showed the highest impact strength value (2.54 ± 0.21 kJ/m2 ) while the lowest impact strength value was seen with 0.75%-nano-SiO2 (1.54 ± 0.17 kJ/m2 ). CONCLUSION Nano-filler effect was concentration dependent and its addition to repair resin increased the flexural and impact strengths. The incorporation of 0.75%-ZrO2 or 0.25%-SiO2 into repair resin proved to be a promising technique to enhance repair strength and avoid repeated fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani H Abushowmi
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahra A AlZaher
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Danah F Almaskin
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Masoumah S Qaw
- College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, P.O. Box 1982, Dammam, 31411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadim Z Baba
- Advanced Specialty Education Program in Prosthodontics, Loma Linda University, School of Dentistry, CA
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Fouda SM, Gad MM, Ellakany P, Al-Thobity AM, Al-Harbi FA, Virtanen JI, Raustia A. The effect of nanodiamonds on candida albicans adhesion and surface characteristics of PMMA denture base material - an in vitro study. J Appl Oral Sci 2019; 27:e20180779. [PMID: 31691740 PMCID: PMC6831028 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2018-0779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is the main causative pathogen of denture stomatitis, which affects many complete denture patients. Objective: To evaluate the effect of different concentrations of nanodiamonds (NDs) added to polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material on Candida albicans adhesion as well as on surface roughness and contact angle. Methodology: Acrylic resin specimens sized 10×10×3 mm3 were prepared and divided into four groups (n=30) according to ND concentration (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 1.5% by wt). Surface roughness was measured with a profilometer, and the contact angle with a goniometer. The effect of NDs on Candida albicans adhesion was evaluated using two methods: 1) slide count and 2) direct culture test. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test were used in the statistical analyses. Results: Addition of NDs decreased the Candida albicans count significantly more than in the control group (p<0.05), with a lowest of 1% NDs. Addition of NDs also significantly decreased the surface roughness (p<0.05), but the contact angle remained the same. Incorporation of NDs into the PMMA denture base material effectively reduced Candida albicans adhesion and decreased surface roughness. Conclusion: PMMA/NDs composites could be valuable in the prevention of denture stomatitis, which is considered one of the most common clinical problems among removable denture wearers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa M Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Passent Ellakany
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aune Raustia
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Fouda SM, Gad MM, El Tantawi M, Virtanen JI, Sipila K, Raustia A. Influence of tooth loss on mandibular morphology: A cone-beam computed tomography study. J Clin Exp Dent 2019; 11:e814-e819. [PMID: 31636874 PMCID: PMC6797444 DOI: 10.4317/jced.55879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tooth loss adversely affects patients’ health and psychosocial wellbeing. In addition, it changes mandibular morphology. Objective: To evaluate the effect of tooth loss, age, and gender on mandibular morphology. Material and Methods Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) scans of 101 patients were examined to measure the gonial angle (GA), ramus height (RH) and condylar height (CH). Patients’ age, gender, and dental status were recorded. Repeated measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to assess the impact of gender, age, and tooth loss on the GA, RH and CH. The mean measurements of the GA, RH and CH were compared between dentate/edentulous patients after splitting by gender. Results The GA was larger in edentulous patients compared to dentate ones, in females than in males, and in older than in younger. RH on the right side was significantly longer than on the left side (P< 0.0001), and also longer in males and younger patients. CH was shorter in younger than in older patients and in dentate than in edentulous patients. Conclusions Tooth loss is associated with changes in mandibular morphology and its prevention would avoid these irreversible changes. Key words:Tooth loss, mandibular morphology, Cone-Beam computed tomography, gender, age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaimaa-Mohamed Fouda
- MSc. Lecturer, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- MSc. Lecturer, Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha El Tantawi
- Professor, Department of Preventive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jorma I Virtanen
- PhD. Adjunct Professor, Department of Community Dentistry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.,PhD. Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Kirsi Sipila
- PhD. Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,PhD. Professor, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, 90014 Oulu, Finland
| | - Aune Raustia
- PhD. Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,PhD. Professor, Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Prosthetic Dentistry and Stomatognathic Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 5281, 90014 Oulu, Finland
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Gad MM, Rahoma A, Abualsaud R, Al‐Thobity AM, Fouda SM. Effect of Repair Gap Width on the Strength of Denture Repair: An In Vitro Comparative Study. J Prosthodont 2019; 28:684-691. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.13091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed Rahoma
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M. Al‐Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M. Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
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Al-Harbi FA, Abdel-Halim MS, Gad MM, Fouda SM, Baba NZ, AlRumaih HS, Akhtar S. Effect of Nanodiamond Addition on Flexural Strength, Impact Strength, and Surface Roughness of PMMA Denture Base. J Prosthodont 2018; 28:e417-e425. [PMID: 30353608 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the effect of addition of different concentrations of nanodiamonds (NDs) on flexural strength, impact strength, and surface roughness of heat-polymerized acrylic resin. MATERIALS AND METHODS 120 specimens were fabricated from heat-polymerized acrylic resin. They were divided into a control group of pure polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA; Major.Base.20) and three tested groups (PMMA-ND) with 0.5%wt, 1%wt, and 1.5%wt of added ND to PMMA. Flexural strength was determined using the three-point bending test. Impact strength was recorded by using a Charpy type impact test. Surface roughness test was performed using a Contour GT machine. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc analysis (p ≤ 0.05) were used for statistical analysis. RESULTS Acrylic resin reinforced with 0.5% ND displayed significantly higher flexural strength than the unreinforced heat-polymerized specimens, acrylic resin reinforced with 1% ND and the 1.5% ND (p < 0.0001). The impact strength of unreinforced heat-polymerized specimens was significantly higher than all nano-composite materials (p < 0.0001) with no significant difference between 1% ND and the 1.5% ND (p > 0.05). The addition of 0.5% ND and 1% ND significantly decreased the surface roughness in comparison to both control and the 1.5% ND groups (p < 0.0001) while no significant differences between 0.5% ND and 1% ND (p > 0.05) were reported. Nano-composite material (0.5% ND) showed significantly lower surface roughness when compared to other specimens. CONCLUSIONS The addition of NDs to acrylic denture base improved the flexural strength and surface roughness at low concentrations (0.5%), while the impact strength was decreased with ND addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed S Abdel-Halim
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nadim Z Baba
- Advanced Education Program in Prosthodontics, Loma Linda University School of Dentistry, Loma Linda, CA
| | - Hamad S AlRumaih
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Qaw MS, Abushowmi TH, Almaskin DF, AlZaher ZA, Gad MM, Al‐Harbi FA, Abualsaud R, Ammar MM. A Novel Approach to Improve Repair Bond Strength of Repaired Acrylic Resin: An in Vitro Study on the Shear Bond Strength. J Prosthodont 2018; 29:323-333. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masoumah S. Qaw
- College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Tahani H. Abushowmi
- College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Danah F. Almaskin
- College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Zahra A. AlZaher
- College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M. Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A. Al‐Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Reem Abualsaud
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of DentistryImam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud M. Ammar
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental MedicineAl‐Azhar University Assiut Branch Egypt
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Gad MM, Al-Thobity AM, Fouda SM, Näpänkangas R, Raustia A. Flexural and Surface Properties of PMMA Denture Base Material Modified with Thymoquinone as an Antifungal Agent. J Prosthodont 2018; 29:243-250. [PMID: 30178899 DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of addition of different concentrations of thymoquinone (TQ) on the flexural strength, elastic modulus, surface roughness, and hardness of PMMA denture base material. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 160 rectangular specimens were prepared from heat-polymerized acrylic resin, with dimensions of 65 × 10 × 2.5 mm3 for flexural strength testing and 10 × 20 × 3 mm3 for surface property testing. The specimens were divided into eight groups of 20 specimens: one control group without addition of TQ and seven test groups prepared by adding TQ to acrylic powder in concentrations of 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, 3, and 5 wt%. The polymer was added to the monomer before being mixed, packed, and processed using the conventional water bath method. A universal testing machine was used to measure flexural strength and elastic modulus. A profilometer and a Vickers hardness tester were used to measure surface roughness and hardness, respectively. One-way ANOVA and the Tukey-Kramer multiple-comparison test were used for statistical analysis, with statistical significance at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS Addition of TQ to PMMA denture base material significantly decreased flexural strength and elastic modulus at high concentrations (p < 0.01), while no significant differences were observed at low concentrations (0.5%, 1% TQ) in comparison with the control group. At high TQ concentrations, surface roughness increased while hardness decreased (p < 0.0001), and no significant differences were observed at low concentrations (0.5%, 1% TQ) in comparison with the control group. The most favorable addition values were 0.5% and 1% TQ in all TQ groups. CONCLUSIONS Addition of TQ did not affect the flexural and surface properties of PMMA denture base material at low concentrations (0.5%, 1% TQ) and could be incorporated into PMMA denture base material as an antifungal agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ritva Näpänkangas
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aune Raustia
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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76
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Gad MM, Rahoma A, Al-Thobity AM. Effect of polymerization technique and glass fiber addition on the surface roughness and hardness of PMMA denture base material. Dent Mater J 2018; 37:746-753. [PMID: 29925729 DOI: 10.4012/dmj.2017-191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The current study evaluated the effects of autoclave polymerization both with and without glass fiber (GF) reinforcement on the surface roughness and hardness of acrylic denture base material. Ninety disc specimens (30×2.5 mm) were prepared from Vertex resin and divided according to polymerization techniques into a water bath, short and long autoclave polymerization groups. Tested groups were divided into three subgroups according to the GF concentration (0, 2.5, and 5 wt%). Profilometer and Vickers hardness tests were performed to measure surface roughness and hardness. ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparison tests analyzed the results, and p≤0.05 was considered statistically significant. Autoclave polymerization significantly decreased the surface roughness and increased the hardness of acrylic resin without GF reinforcement (p<0.05). However, 5 wt% GF addition significantly increased surface roughness and decreased hardness of the autoclave polymerized denture base resin (p<0.05). Surface properties of Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture base material improved with autoclave polymerization and negatively affected with GFs addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
| | - Ahmed Rahoma
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University.,Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University
| | - Ahmad M Al-Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University
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Nawasrah A, Gad MM, El Zayat M. Effect of Henna Addition on the Surface Roughness and Hardness of Polymethylmethacrylate Denture Base Material: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2018; 19:732-738. [PMID: 29959304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the addition of various henna-which can have antifungal properties-on the surface roughness and hardness of polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) denture base material. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 99 rectangular-shaped (10 × 20 × 3 mm3) specimens were prepared from heat-cured acrylic resin and divided into one control group without the addition of henna and five test groups, which were prepared by adding Yamanihenna powder to polymer at concentrations of 1, 2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%. The polymer was added to the monomer, mixed, packed, and processed using the conventional water bath method. After processing, specimens were finished and polished, then kept in distilled water for 48 ± 2 hours. A profilom-eter and Vickers hardness tester were used to measure surface roughness and hardness respectively. Statistical data analysis was conducted via Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 (IBM, USA). The independent sample t-test was used and p ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The addition of henna at varying concentrations significantly increased the surface roughness values (p ≤ 0.01) while decreasing hardness (p ≤ 0.0001). The most favorable addition value was 1% henna between all henna groups. CONCLUSION The addition of henna to the acrylic resin may negatively affect the surface properties of PMMA acrylic denture base. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Antimicrobial denture with minimum deterioration effects on its physical properties could be achieved with henna addition to denture base material in low concentration. However, 1% henna showed the best results between the henna groups as regards roughness and hardness values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal Nawasrah
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, Phone: +966592502080, e-mail:
| | - Mai El Zayat
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Gad MM, Abualsaud R, Rahoma A, Al-Thobity AM, Al-Abidi KS, Akhtar S. Effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles addition on the optical and tensile properties of polymethyl methacrylate denture base material. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:283-292. [PMID: 29391789 PMCID: PMC5768423 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s152571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) is widely used for the fabrication of removable prostheses. Recently, zirconium oxide nanoparticles (nano-ZrO2) have been added to improve some properties of PMMA, but their effect on the optical properties and tensile strength are neglected. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of nano-ZrO2 addition on the translucency and tensile strength of the PMMA denture base material. Materials and methods Eighty specimens (40 dumbbell-shaped and 40 discs) were prepared out of heat-polymerized acrylic resin and divided into four groups per test (n=10). The control group for each test included unreinforced acrylic, while the test groups were reinforced with 2.5, 5, and 7.5 wt% nano-ZrO2. Acrylic resin was mixed according to manufacturer’s instructions, packed, and processed by conventional method. After polymerization, all specimens were finished, polished, and stored in distilled water at 37°C for 48±2 hours. Tensile strength (MPa) was evaluated using the universal testing machine while the specimens’ translucency was examined using a spectrophotometer. Statistical analysis was carried out by SPSS using the paired sample t-test (p≤0.05). A scanning electron microscope was used to analyze the morphological changes and topography of the fractured surfaces. Results This study showed that the mean tensile strength of the PMMA in the test groups of 2.5%NZ, 5%NZ, and 7.5%NZ was significantly higher than the control group. The tensile strength increased significantly after nano-ZrO2 addition, and the maximum increase seen was in the 7.5%NZ group. The translucency values of the experimental groups were significantly lower than those of the control group. Within the reinforced groups, the 2.5%NZ group had significantly higher translucency values when compared to the 5%NZ and 7.5%NZ groups. Conclusion The addition of nano-ZrO2 increased the tensile strength of the denture base acrylic. The increase was directly proportional to the nano-ZrO2 concentration. The translucency of the PMMA was reduced as the nano-ZrO2 increased. Clinical significance Based on the results of the current study, the tensile strength was improved with different percentages of nano-ZrO2 additions. However, translucency was adversely affected. Therefore, it is important to determine the appropriate amount of reinforcing nano-ZrO2 that will create a balance between achieved properties – mechanical and optical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahmed Rahoma
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Assuit, Egypt
| | | | | | - Sultan Akhtar
- Department of Biophysics, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
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Gad MM, Al-Thobity AM, Shahin SY, Alsaqer BT, Ali AA. Inhibitory effect of zirconium oxide nanoparticles on Candida albicans adhesion to repaired polymethyl methacrylate denture bases and interim removable prostheses: a new approach for denture stomatitis prevention. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:5409-5419. [PMID: 28814859 PMCID: PMC5546774 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s142857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite drawbacks, cold-cured acrylic resin is still the most common material used in denture repair. Zirconia nanoparticles were among the reinforcements added to increase the strength of the resin. The effect on Candida due to the addition of zirconia nanoparticles to the resin has not been investigated. Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of zirconia nanoparticles added to cold-cured acrylic resin on Candida albicans adhesion. Materials and methods A total of 120 acrylic resin specimens with dimensions measuring 22×10×2.5 mm3 were prepared and divided into two equal groups. One group (repair) comprised heat-polymerized specimens that were sectioned at the center and prepared to create a 2 mm repair area that was repaired with cold-cured resin reinforced with 0% wt, 2.5% wt, 5% wt, and 7.5% wt zirconia nanoparticles. The second group contained intact cold-cured acrylic resin specimens reinforced with 0% wt, 2.5% wt, 5% wt, and 7.5% wt zirconia nanoparticles. Specimens were incubated at 37°C in artificial saliva containing C. albicans, and the effect of zirconia nanoparticles on C. albicans was assessed using two methods: 1) a slide count method and 2) a direct culture test. Variations in the number of living Candida were observed in relation to the different concentrations of zirconia nanoparticles. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) and post hoc Tukey’s tests were performed for data analysis. If the P-value was ≤0.05, then the difference was considered as statistically significant. Results It was found that C. albicans adhesion to repaired specimens was significantly decreased by the addition of zirconia nanoparticles (P<0.00001) in comparison with the control group. Intact cold-cured groups and groups repaired with cold-cured resin reinforced with 7.5% wt zirconia nanoparticles showed the lowest Candida count. Tukey’s test showed a significant difference between the repaired group and the intact cold-cured group, while the later demonstrated a lower Candida count. Conclusion The addition of zirconia nanoparticles to cold-cured acrylic resin is an effective method for reducing Candida adhesion to repaired polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture bases and cold-cured removable prosthesis. Clinical significance Based on the results of the current study, zirconia nanoparticles have an antifungal effect, which could be incorporated in the repair material for repairing denture bases and in PMMA removable prostheses as a possible approach for denture stomatitis prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Aiman A Ali
- Department of Biomedical Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.,Oral Pathology and Medicine, College of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Gad MM, Fouda SM, ArRejaie AS, Al‐Thobity AM. Comparative Effect of Different Polymerization Techniques on the Flexural and Surface Properties of Acrylic Denture Bases. J Prosthodont 2017; 28:458-465. [DOI: 10.1111/jopr.12605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M. Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental SciencesCollege of Dentistry, University of Dammam Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M. Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental SciencesCollege of Dentistry, University of Dammam Dammam Saudi Arabia
| | - Aws S. ArRejaie
- Prosthetic dental sciences DepartmentCollege of Dentistry, King Saud University Riyadh Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad M. Al‐Thobity
- Department of Substitutive Dental SciencesCollege of Dentistry, University of Dammam Dammam Saudi Arabia
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Gad MM, Fouda SM, Al-Harbi FA, Näpänkangas R, Raustia A. PMMA denture base material enhancement: a review of fiber, filler, and nanofiller addition. Int J Nanomedicine 2017; 12:3801-3812. [PMID: 28553115 PMCID: PMC5440038 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s130722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper reviews acrylic denture base resin enhancement during the past few decades. Specific attention is given to the effect of fiber, filler, and nanofiller addition on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) properties. The review is based on scientific reviews, papers, and abstracts, as well as studies concerning the effect of additives, fibers, fillers, and reinforcement materials on PMMA, published between 1974 and 2016. Many studies have reported improvement of PMMA denture base material with the addition of fillers, fibers, nanofiller, and hybrid reinforcement. However, most of the studies were limited to in vitro investigations without bioactivity and clinical implications. Considering the findings of the review, there is no ideal denture base material, but the properties of PMMA could be improved with some modifications, especially with silanized nanoparticle addition and a hybrid reinforcement system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed M Gad
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaimaa M Fouda
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.,Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Fahad A Al-Harbi
- Department of Substitutive Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ritva Näpänkangas
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Aune Raustia
- Research Unit of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Medical Research Center, Oulu, Oulu University Hospital and University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
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Gad MM, Rahoma A, Al-Thobity AM, ArRejaie AS. Influence of incorporation of ZrO 2 nanoparticles on the repair strength of polymethyl methacrylate denture bases. Int J Nanomedicine 2016; 11:5633-5643. [PMID: 27822041 PMCID: PMC5089829 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s120054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Repeated fracture of the denture base is a common problem in prosthodontics, and it represents a nuisance and a time sink for the clinician. Therefore, the possibility of increasing repair strength using new reinforcement materials is of great interest to prosthodontists. AIM OF THE STUDY This study aimed to evaluate the effects of incorporation of zirconia nanoparticles (nano-ZrO2) on the flexural strength and impact strength of repaired polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) denture bases. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred eighty specimens of heat-polymerized acrylic resin were fabricated (90 for each test) and divided into three main groups: one control group (intact specimens) and two groups divided according to surface design (45° bevels and butt joints), in which specimens were prepared in pairs to create 2.5 mm gaps. Nano-ZrO2 was added to repair resin in 2.5 wt%, 5 wt%, and 7.5 wt% concentrations of acrylic powder. A three-point bending test was used to measure flexural strength, and a Charpy-type test was used to measure impact strength. Scanning electron microscopy was used to analyze the fracture surfaces and nano-ZrO2 distribution. The results were analyzed with a paired sample t-test and an unpaired t-test, with a P-value of ≤0.05 being significant. RESULTS Incorporation of nano-ZrO2 into the repair resin significantly increased flexural strength (P<0.05). The highest value was found in the bevel group reinforced with 7.5% nano-ZrO2, whereas the lowest value was found in the butt group reinforced with 2.5% nano-ZrO2. The impact strength values of all repaired groups were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). Among repaired groups, the higher impact strength value was seen in the butt group reinforced with 2.5% nano-ZrO2. The bevel joint demonstrated mainly cohesive failure, whereas the butt joint demonstrated mainly adhesive failure. CONCLUSION Incorporation of nano-ZrO2 into the repair resin improved the flexural strength of repaired denture bases, whereas it decreased impact strength, especially with high nano-ZrO2 concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmed Rahoma
- Department of Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, University of Dammam, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Aws S ArRejaie
- Department of Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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