51
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Tanemura M, Ohmura Y, Deguchi T, Machida T, Tsukamoto R, Wada H, Kobayashi S, Marubashi S, Eguchi H, Ito T, Nagano H, Mori M, Doki Y. Rapamycin causes upregulation of autophagy and impairs islets function both in vitro and in vivo. Am J Transplant 2012; 12:102-14. [PMID: 21966953 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2011.03771.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is a lysosomal degradation process of redundant or faulty cell components in normal cells. However, certain diseases are associated with dysfunctional autophagy. Rapamycin, a major immunosuppressant used in islet transplantation, is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin and is known to cause induction of autophagy. The objective of this study was to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo effects of rapamycin on pancreatic β cells. Rapamycin induced upregulation of autophagy in both cultured isolated islets and pancreatic β cells of green fluorescent protein-microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 transgenic mice. Rapamycin reduced the viability of isolated β cells and down-regulated their insulin function, both in vitro and in vivo. In addition, rapamycin increased the percentages of apoptotic β cells and dead cells in both isolated and in vivo intact islets. Treatment with 3-methyladenine, an inhibitor of autophagy, abrogated the effects of rapamycin and restored β-cell function in both in vitro experiments and animal experiments. We conclude that rapamycin-induced islet dysfunction is mediated through upregulation of autophagy, with associated downregulation of insulin production and apoptosis of β cells. The results also showed that the use of an autophagy inhibitor abrogated these effects and promoted islet function and survival. The study findings suggest that targeting the autophagy pathway could be beneficial in promoting islet graft survival after transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanemura
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
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52
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Masubuchi S, Suga K, Kindo K, Takeyama S, Machida T. Observation of quantum Hall effect in mono- and bi-layer graphene using pulse magnet. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/334/1/012037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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53
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Terahara A, Nakagawa K, Ohtomo K, Machida T. 9041 POSTER Evaluation of Efficacy of Replanning in Lung Dose in Chest Radiotherapy. Eur J Cancer 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(11)72353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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54
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Machida T, Sumino H, Fukushima M, Kotajima N, Amagai H, Murakami M. Blood rheology and the low-density lipoprotein cholesterol/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio in dyslipidaemic and normolipidaemic subjects. J Int Med Res 2011; 38:1975-84. [PMID: 21227001 DOI: 10.1177/147323001003800611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The association between blood rheology and the ratio of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) was investigated in 142 dyslipidaemic and 253 normolipidaemic subjects. Blood rheology was examined by the microchannel method and fasting serum concentrations of LDL-C, triglyceride and HDL-C were measured. Passage time of whole blood correlated positively with LDL-C concentration, triglyceride concentration and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and negatively with HDL-C concentration. Passage time of whole blood was significantly higher in dyslipidaemic and normolipidaemic subjects with LDL-C/HDL-C ratio > 2.0 than in those with ratio < 1.5. Thus, dyslipidaemic subjects had impaired blood rheology, elevated LDL-C and triglyceride concentrations and elevated LDL-C/HDL-C ratio, and reduced HDL-C concentrations. Dyslipidaemic and normolipidaemic subjects with a more elevated LDL-C/HDL-C ratio had greater blood rheology impairment than those with a less elevated ratio. These data suggest that an elevated LDL-C/HDL-C ratio may be helpful in predicting impaired blood rheology.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Machida
- Clinical Laboratory Centre, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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55
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Chevallier F, Ciais P, Conway TJ, Aalto T, Anderson BE, Bousquet P, Brunke EG, Ciattaglia L, Esaki Y, Fröhlich M, Gomez A, Gomez-Pelaez AJ, Haszpra L, Krummel PB, Langenfelds RL, Leuenberger M, Machida T, Maignan F, Matsueda H, Morguí JA, Mukai H, Nakazawa T, Peylin P, Ramonet M, Rivier L, Sawa Y, Schmidt M, Steele LP, Vay SA, Vermeulen AT, Wofsy S, Worthy D. CO2surface fluxes at grid point scale estimated from a global 21 year reanalysis of atmospheric measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd013887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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56
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Katsura M, Morita A, Horiuchi H, Ohtomo K, Machida T. IgG4-related inflammatory pseudotumor of the trigeminal nerve: another component of IgG4-related sclerosing disease? AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2010; 32:E150-2. [PMID: 20864523 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IgG4-related IPTs have been reported in various sites and may form part of the spectrum of systemic IgG4-related sclerosing disease. Some pseudotumors are clinically and radiologically indistinguishable from malignant tumors. We present the first case of an IgG4-related IPT of the trigeminal nerve diagnosed histopathologically without involvement of any of the common sites. The trigeminal nerve pseudotumor may represent a component of IgG4-related sclerosing disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Katsura
- Department of Radiology, NTT Medical Center Tokyo, Japan.
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57
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Glagolev MV, Kleptsova IE, Filippov IV, Kazantsev VS, Machida T, Maksyutov SS. Methane emissions from subtaiga mires of Western Siberia: The “standard model” Bc5. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.3103/s0147687410020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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58
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Honjoh KI, Matsuura K, Machida T, Nishi K, Nakao M, Yano T, Miyamoto T, Iio M. Enhancement of menadione stress tolerance in yeast by accumulation of hypotaurine and taurine: co-expression of cDNA clones, from Cyprinus carpio, for cysteine dioxygenase and cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Amino Acids 2009; 38:1173-83. [PMID: 19633968 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-009-0328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 07/13/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Taurine is known to function as a protectant against various stresses in animal cells. In order to utilize taurine as a compatible solute for stress tolerance of yeast, isolation of cDNA clones for genes encoding enzymes involved in biosynthesis of taurine was attempted. Two types of cDNA clones corresponding to genes encoding cysteine dioxygenase (CDO1 and CDO2) and a cDNA clone for cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase (CSD) were isolated from Cyprinus carpio. Deduced amino acid sequences of the two CDOs and that of CSD showed high similarity to those of CDOs and those of CSDs from other organisms, respectively. The coding regions of CDO1, CDO2, and CSD were subcloned into an expression vector, pESC-TRP, for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Furthermore, to enhance the efficiency of synthesis of taurine in S. cerevisiae, a CDO-CSD fusion was designed and expressed. Expression of CDO and CSD proteins, or the CDO-CSD fusion protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis. HPLC analysis showed that the expression of the proteins led to enhancement of the accumulation level of hypotaurine, a precursor of taurine, rather than taurine. The yeast cells expressing corresponding genes showed tolerance to oxidative stress induced by menadione, but not to freezing-thawing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Honjoh
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Graduate School, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 812-8581, Japan.
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59
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Hamaya K, Kitabatake M, Shibata K, Jung M, Ishida S, Taniyama T, Hirakawa K, Arakawa Y, Machida T. Spin-related current suppression in a semiconductor quantum dot spin-diode structure. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:236806. [PMID: 19658960 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.236806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally study the transport features of electrons in a spin-diode structure consisting of a single semiconductor quantum dot (QD) weakly coupled to one nonmagnetic and one ferromagnetic (FM) lead, in which the QD has an artificial atomic nature. A Coulomb stability diamond shows asymmetric features with respect to the polarity of the bias voltage. For the regime of two-electron tunneling, we find anomalous suppression of the current for both forward and reverse bias. We discuss possible mechanisms of the anomalous current suppression in terms of spin blockade via the QD-FM interface at the ground state of a two-electron QD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hamaya
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 153-8505, Japan.
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60
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Nara M, Sumino H, Nara M, Machida T, Amagai H, Nakajima K, Murakami M. Impaired blood rheology and elevated remnant-like lipoprotein particle cholesterol in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. J Int Med Res 2009; 37:308-17. [PMID: 19383223 DOI: 10.1177/147323000903700204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood rheology, fasting serum concentrations of remnant-like lipoprotein particle cholesterol (RLP-C) and concentrations of other lipids were compared in 23 hypercholesterolaemic and 69 normocholesterolaemic subjects, and the relationship between red blood cell (RBC) deformability and RLP-C concentrations were studied in a different set of six hypercholesterolaemic and six normocholesterolaemic subjects. Passage time of whole blood and concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and RLP-C were significantly higher in hypercholesterolaemic than in normocholesterolaemic subjects. Passage time of whole blood correlated positively with TC, TG, LDL-C and RLP-C and negatively with high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Furthermore, the passage time of 10% haematocrit-adjusted RBCs in phosphate-buffered saline, which reflects RBC deformability, correlated positively with the passage time of whole blood and RLP-C. Thus, hypercholesterolaemic subjects had impaired blood rheology and elevated RLP-C concentrations, which may be associated with the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in hypercholesterolaemic subjects. Impaired RBC deformability may contribute to impaired blood rheology associated with elevated RLP-C in hypercholesterolaemic subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nara
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
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61
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Tanemura M, Saga A, Kawamoto K, Machida T, Deguchi T, Nishida T, Sawa Y, Doki Y, Mori M, Ito T. Rapamycin induces autophagy in islets: relevance in islet transplantation. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:334-8. [PMID: 19249550 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Islet transplantation can provide insulin independence in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus. However, islet allograft recipients exhibit a gradual decline in insulin independence, and only 10% do not require insulin at 5 years. This decline may reflect drug toxicity to islet beta cells. Rapamycin, a central immunosuppressant in islet transplantation, is a mammalian target of rampamycin inhibitor that induces autophagy. The relative contributions of autophagy in transplanted islets are poorly understood. Therefore, in the present study we sought to evaluate the effects of rapamycin on islet beta cells. Rapamycin treatment of islets resulted in accumulation of membrane-bound light chain 3 (LC3-II) protein, an early marker of autophagy. In addition, rapamycin treatment of isolated islets elicited not only reduction of viability but also downregulation of in vitro potency. To further examine the occurrence of autophagy in rapamycin-treated islets, we used GFP (green fluorescent protein)-LC3 transgenic mice that express a fluorescent autophagosome marker. The GFP-LC3 signals were markedly increased in rapamycin treated islets compared with control islets. In addition, to show improvement by blockade of autophagic signaling, islets were treated with rapamycin in the presence of 3-methyladenine, which inhibits autophagy. Thereafter, both islet viability and islet potency were dramatically improved. The number of GFP-LC3 dots clearly increased after 3-MA treatment. Thus, rapamycin treatment of islets induces autophagy in vitro. This phenomenon may contribute to the progressive graft dysfunction of transplanted islets. Therapeutically targeting this novel signaling may yield significant benefits for long-term islet survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanemura
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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62
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Tanemura M, Saga A, Kawamoto K, Machida T, Deguchi T, Nishida T, Sawa Y, Doki Y, Mori M, Ito T. Adenovirus-mediated gene expression of the human c-FLIP(L) gene protects pig islets against human CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated cytotoxicity. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:319-22. [PMID: 19249545 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 10/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Cell-mediated immunity, especially of human CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is believed to have an important role in the long-term survival of pig islet xenografts. Protection against human CD8+ CTL cytotoxicity may reduce the direct damage to pig islets and enable long-term xenograft survival in pig-to-human islet xenotransplantation. We have previously reported that c-FLIP(S/L) genes, which are potent inhibitors of death receptor-mediated proapoptotic signals through binding competition with caspase-8 for recruitment to the Fas-associated via death domain (FADD), markedly suppress human CD8+ CTL-mediated xenocytotoxicity. In addition, the cytoprotective effects of c-FLIP(L) seem to be significantly stronger than those of c-FLIP(S). Accordingly, in the present study, expression of c-FLIP(L) was induced in intact pig islets by adenoviral transduction. Consequently, the cytoprotective capacity of the transgene in pig islets was examined in in vitro and in vivo exposure to human CD8+ CTLs. Cells from untransduced islets or mock islets were sensitive to CD8+ CTL-mediated lysis (59.3% +/- 15.9% and 64.0% +/- 8.9% cytotoxicity, respectively). In contrast, cells from pig islets transduced with the c-FLIP(L) gene were markedly protected from lysis (30.5% +/- 3.5%). Furthermore, prolonged xenograft survival was elicited from pig islets transduced with this molecule as assessed using an islet transplant model using the rat kidney capsule. Thus, these data indicate that intact pig islets can be transduced to express c-FLIP(L) with adenovirus. Pig islets expressing c-FLIP(L) are significantly resistant to human CTL killing and further exhibit beneficial effects to prolong xenograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanemura
- Department of Surgery, Gastroenterological Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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63
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Tanemura M, Saga A, Kawamoto K, Machida T, Deguchi T, Nishida T, Sawa Y, Doki Y, Mori M, Ito T. Intracellular and extracellular remodeling effectively prevents human CD8(+)cytotoxic T lymphocyte-mediated xenocytotoxicity by coexpression of membrane-bound human FasL and pig c-FLIP(L) in pig endothelial cells. Transplant Proc 2009; 41:391-4. [PMID: 19249564 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.10.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2008] [Accepted: 10/02/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Human CD8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)-mediated cytotoxicity, which participates in xenograft rejection, is mediated mainly by the Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway. We previously developed methods to inhibit human CTL xenocytotoxicity by extracellular remodeling using overexpression of membrane-bound human FasL on pig xenograft cells, and by intracellular blockade of death receptor-mediated apoptotic signals, such as the Fas/FasL pathway using the pig c-FLIP(L) molecule. To investigate the cooperative effects of both membrane-bound FasL and pig c-FLIP(L), we cotransfected both genes into pig endothelial cells (PEC). The double remodeling with these molecules effectively prevented CD8(+) CTL killing. Although double transfectants and single high transfectants of either membrane-bound FasL or c-FLIP(L) gene displayed similar inhibition of CTL cytotoxicity, the expression levels of these 2 molecules in double transfectants were almost half the expression levels of single transfectants. Furthermore, to show in vivo prolongation of xenograft survival, we transplanted PEC transfectants under the rat kidney capsule. Prolonged survival was displayed by PEC double transfectant xenografts whereas those from either parental PEC or MOCK (vehicle control) were completely rejected by day 5 posttransplantation. These data suggested that intracellular and extracellular remodeling by coexpression of membrane-bound FasL and pig c-FLIP(L) in xenograft cells may prevent an innate cellular response to xenografts. The gene compatibility of these molecules to generate transgenic pigs may be sufficient to create a window of opportunity to facilitate long-term xenograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanemura
- Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan.
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64
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Ishizaka K, Machida T, Tanaka M, Kawamura N, Nakamura K, Kamai T, Honda M, Arai K, Yoshida K. UP.64: The Effects of Naftopidil on Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms After Radical Prostatectomy. Urology 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2008.08.387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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65
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Tanemura M, Saga A, Kawamoto K, Machida T, Deguchi T, Nishida T, Sawa Y, Ito T. INTRA- AND EXTRACELLULAR REMODELING EFFECTIVELY PREVENT HUMAN CD8+ CTL-MEDIATED XENOCYTOTOXICITY BY COEXPRESSION OF MEMBRANE-BOUND HUMAN FASL AND PIG C-FLIPL IN PIG ENDOTHELIAL CELLS. Transplantation 2008. [DOI: 10.1097/01.tp.0000332057.83248.e8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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66
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Tanemura M, Saga A, Kawamoto K, Manabe N, Machida T, Deguchi T, Sawa Y, Nishida T, Ito T. Pig Cellular FLICE-like Inhibitory Protein (c-FLIP) Overexpression in Pig Xenograft Cells Induces Resistance to Human CD8+ Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte-Mediated Xenocytotoxicity. Transplant Proc 2008; 40:559-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2008.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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67
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Tanemura M, Saga A, Kawamoto K, Deguchi T, Machida T, Nishida T, Sawa Y, Ito T. In vitro and in vivo prevention of human CD8+ CTL-mediated xenocytotoxicity by pig c-FLIP expression in porcine endothelial cells. Am J Transplant 2008; 8:288-97. [PMID: 18211505 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2007.02077.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Overcoming cell-mediated immunity, especially of human CD8(+) CTLs, is important for the success of xenotransplantation. Our group has previously reported that the cytotoxicity of human CD8(+) CTLs against pig endothelial cells (PEC) is highly detrimental and mediated in major part by the Fas/FasL apoptotic pathway. Cellular FLICE inhibitory protein (c-FLIP) was originally identified as an inhibitor of death-receptor signaling through binding competition with caspase-8 for recruitment to Fas-associated via death domain (FADD). Two major c-FLIP variants result from alternative mRNA splicing: a short, 26-KDa protein (c-FLIP(S)) and a long, 55-KDa form (c-FLIP(L)). The cytoprotective effects of c-FLIP(S/L) in xenograft cells remain controversial. This study demonstrates that the overexpression of c-FLIP(S/L) genes markedly suppress human CD8(+) CTL-mediated xenocytotoxicity and, in addition, the cytoprotective effects of c-FLIP(L) appear to be significantly stronger than those of c-FLIP(S). Furthermore, to prove the prolonged effects of xenograft survival, PEC transfectants with c-FLIP(S/L) genes were transplanted under rat kidney capsules. Prolonged survival was elicited from FLIP(S/L) transfectants, whereas parental PEC was completely rejected through day 5, posttransplant. Thus, intracellular remodeling with the overexpression of c-FLIP(S/L) in xenograft cells may avoid innate cellular attacks against xenografts and facilitate long-term xenograft survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Tanemura
- Department of Surgery (E1), Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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68
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Machida T, Kato E, Ishibashi A, Ohashi N, Honjoh KI, Miyamoto T. Molecular characterization of low-temperature-inducible NTR-C in Chlorella vulgaris. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007:463-4. [DOI: 10.1093/nass/nrm232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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69
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Ishizaka K, Machida T, Tanaka M, Kawamura N, Nakamura K, Mizuno Y, Maekawa K, Kamai T, Honda M, Yoshida K. MP-18.10: The effect of risedronate for prostate cancer patients under androgen deprivation therapy. Urology 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2007.06.516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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70
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Gloor M, Dlugokencky E, Brenninkmeijer C, Horowitz L, Hurst DF, Dutton G, Crevoisier C, Machida T, Tans P. Three-dimensional SF6data and tropospheric transport simulations: Signals, modeling accuracy, and implications for inverse modeling. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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71
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Peylin P, Bréon FM, Serrar S, Tiwari Y, Chédin A, Gloor M, Machida T, Brenninkmeijer C, Zahn A, Ciais P. Evaluation of Television Infrared Observation Satellite (TIROS-N) Operational Vertical Sounder (TOVS) spaceborne CO2estimates using model simulations and aircraft data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd007018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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72
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Ejiri MK, Terao Y, Sugita T, Nakajima H, Yokota T, Toon GC, Sen B, Wetzel G, Oelhaf H, Urban J, Murtagh D, Irie H, Saitoh N, Tanaka T, Kanzawa H, Shiotani M, Aoki S, Hashida G, Machida T, Nakazawa T, Kobayashi H, Sasano Y. Validation of the Improved Limb Atmospheric Spectrometer-II (ILAS-II) Version 1.4 nitrous oxide and methane profiles. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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73
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Ishizaka K, Machida T, Kanbe N, Miyao M, Mizuno Y, Masuda S, Kamai T, Arai K, Honda M, Yoshida K. MP-22.12. Urology 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.08.634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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74
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Maeda M, Tsukahara H, Terada H, Nakaji S, Nakamura H, Oba H, Igarashi O, Arasaki K, Machida T, Takeda K, Takanashi JI. Reversible splenial lesion with restricted diffusion in a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions. J Neuroradiol 2006; 33:229-36. [PMID: 17041527 DOI: 10.1016/s0150-9861(06)77268-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Reversible lesion in the central area of the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC) is a unique phenomenon occurring particularly in patients with encephalitis or encephalopathy and in patients receiving antiepileptic drugs (AED). We report MR imaging findings, clinical courses, and outcomes in eight patients with various diseases and conditions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight patients with a reversible SCC lesion with transiently restricted diffusion were reviewed retrospectively. Diseases and conditions that were associated with a reversible lesion included epilepsy receiving AED (n=1), seizure from eclampsia receiving AED (n=1), mild infectious encephalitis (n=2), hypernatremia resulting in osmotic myelinolysis (n=1), and neoplasm (n=3) such as acute lymphocytic leukemia, spinal meningeal melanocytoma, and esophageal cancer. We evaluated MR imaging findings and clinical findings. RESULTS Seven patients had isolated SCC lesions; one patient with osmotic myelinolysis showed additional parenchymal lesions. The reversible SCC lesion shape was oval (n=6) or extended (n=2). The mean apparent diffusion coefficient value of the splenial lesion was 0.40+/-0.16 x 10-3 mm2/s, ranging from 0.22 to 0.64 x 10-3 mm2/s. In a patient with osmotic myelinolysis, additional white matter lesions, shown as restricted diffusion, were revealed as not reversible on follow-up MR imaging. Neurological courses and outcomes were good in seven patients with isolated SCC lesions, but poor in one with osmotic myelinolysis. CONCLUSION Reversible SCC lesion with restricted diffusion is apparent in a wide spectrum of diseases and conditions. Neurological courses and outcomes are good, particularly in patients with isolated SCC lesions. Knowledge of MR imaging findings and the associated spectrum of diseases and conditions might prevent unnecessary invasive examinations and treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maeda
- Department of Radiology, Mie University School of Medicine, 174 Edobashi, Tsu, Mie 514-8507, Japan.
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75
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Machida T, Fujita T, Ooo ML, Ohira M, Isogai E, Mihara M, Hirato J, Tomotsune D, Hirata T, Fujimori M, Adachi W, Nakagawara A. Increased expression of proapoptotic BMCC1, a novel gene with the BNIP2 and Cdc42GAP homology (BCH) domain, is associated with favorable prognosis in human neuroblastomas. Oncogene 2006; 25:1931-42. [PMID: 16288218 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1209225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Differential screening of the genes obtained from cDNA libraries of primary neuroblastomas (NBLs) between the favorable and unfavorable subsets has identified a novel gene BCH motif-containing molecule at the carboxyl terminal region 1 (BMCC1). Its 350 kDa protein product possessed a Bcl2-/adenovirus E1B nineteen kDa-interacting protein 2 (BNIP2) and Cdc42GAP homology domain in the COOH-terminus in addition to P-loop and a coiled-coil region near the NH2-terminus. High levels of BMCC1 expression were detected in the human nervous system as well as spinal cord, brain and dorsal root ganglion in mouse embryo. The immunohistochemical study revealed that BMCC1 was positively stained in the cytoplasm of favorable NBL cells but not in unfavorable ones with MYCN amplification. The quantitative real-time reverse transcription-PCR using 98 primary NBLs showed that high expression of BMCC1 was a significant indicator of favorable NBL. In primary culture of newborn mice superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons, mBMCC1 expression was downregulated after nerve growth factor (NGF)-induced differentiation, and upregulated during the NGF-depletion-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, the proapoptotic function of BMCC1 was also suggested by increased expression in CHP134 NBL cells undergoing apoptosis after treatment with retinoic acid, and by an enhanced apoptosis after depletion of NGF in the SCG neurons obtained from newborn mice transgenic with BMCC1 in primary culture. Thus, BMCC1 is a new member of prognostic factors for NBL and may play an important role in regulating differentiation, survival and aggressiveness of the tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Machida
- Division of Biochemistry, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan
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76
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Inoue Y, Shirouzu I, Machida T, Yoshizawa Y, Akita F, Doi I, Watadani T, Noda M, Yoshikawa K, Ohtomo K. Physical characteristics of low and medium energy collimators for 123I imaging and simultaneous dual-isotope imaging. Nucl Med Commun 2005; 24:1195-202. [PMID: 14569175 DOI: 10.1097/00006231-200311000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Septal penetration of high energy photons may degrade 123I images obtained with a low energy collimator. We evaluated the physical characteristics of a low energy, high resolution (LEHR) collimator, special LEHR (SLEHR) collimator, and medium energy collimator for 123I studies. The cross-talk of 99mTc and 123I into the 201Tl window was also examined. Sensitivity and spatial resolution were measured with each collimator. Point sources of 99mTc and 123I were imaged at various source-collimator distances using multiple energy windows, and the effects of collimator choice on energy spectrum and spatial distribution of photopeak counts were assessed. For 99mTc, both sensitivity and resolution were similar with the low energy collimators, and higher sensitivity and lower resolution were observed with the medium energy collimator. For 123I, the full width at tenth maximum was larger for 123I than for 99mTc when using the LEHR collimator. Acquisitions with multiple energy windows revealed severe degradation due to septal penetration in imaging 123I with the LEHR collimator, especially at short distances. The degradation was reduced with the SLEHR collimator and further with the medium energy collimator. In both 99mTc and 123I imaging, cross-talk into the 201Tl window was larger at shorter distances and the largest with the LEHR collimator. In conclusion, variation in collimator geometry causes differences in the effect of septal penetration on 123I images and in cross-talk into the 201Tl window. The SLEHR collimator may be suitable for use in high resolution 123I imaging and simultaneous 99mTc/201Tl imaging. Use of the medium energy collimator appears to be preferable in quantitative 123I studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Inoue
- Department of Radiology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Japan.
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77
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Takegawa N, Kondo Y, Koike M, Chen G, Machida T, Watai T, Blake DR, Streets DG, Woo JH, Carmichael GR, Kita K, Miyazaki Y, Shirai T, Liley JB, Ogawa T. Removal of NOxand NOyin Asian outflow plumes: Aircraft measurements over the western Pacific in January 2002. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Takegawa
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Koike
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - G. Chen
- NASA Langley Research Center; Hampton Virginia USA
| | - T. Machida
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Ibaraki Japan
| | - T. Watai
- Global Environmental Forum; Ibaraki Japan
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - D. G. Streets
- Decision and Information Sciences Division; Argonne National Laboratory; Argonne Illinois USA
| | - J.-H. Woo
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - G. R. Carmichael
- Center for Global and Regional Environmental Research; University of Iowa; Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - K. Kita
- Department of Environmental Science; Ibaraki University; Ibaraki Japan
| | - Y. Miyazaki
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Shirai
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
| | - J. B. Liley
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research; Lauder New Zealand
| | - T. Ogawa
- Earth Observation Research and Application Center; Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency; Tokyo Japan
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78
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Abstract
A leiomyosarcoma that occurred in the right kidney of a dog (7-year-old female Labrador retriever) was studied pathologically. On histological examination, tumour cells were spindle-shaped, the cell density was high, and complex fasciculated tumour cells showing longitudinal and transverse cross-sections were observed. Both ends of the nuclei were rounded, the nucleoli were clear and many images of nuclear division were observed. Immunohistochemically, tumour cells reacted intensely with anti-vimentin antibody and anti-actin smooth muscle antibody, and mildly with anti-desmin antibody. On electron microscopy, the nuclei of tumour cells were rounded at both ends and elongated elliptically, and a large number of microfibrils with focal density and dense patches were observed in the cytoplasm. This is a case report of a very rare leiomyosarcoma of the dog kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sato
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology and Comprehensive Veterinary Clinical Studies, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, 1866 Kameino, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-8510, Japan.
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79
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Shirai T, Blake DR, Meinardi S, Rowland FS, Russell-Smith J, Edwards A, Kondo Y, Koike M, Kita K, Machida T, Takegawa N, Nishi N, Kawakami S, Ogawa T. Emission estimates of selected volatile organic compounds from tropical savanna burning in northern Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Shirai
- National Space Development Agency of Japan; Earth Observation Research Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - D. R. Blake
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - S. Meinardi
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - F. S. Rowland
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Irvine California USA
| | - J. Russell-Smith
- Tropical Savannas Cooperative Research Centre; Bushfires Council of the Northern Territory; Northern Territory Australia
| | - A. Edwards
- Tropical Savannas Cooperative Research Centre; Bushfires Council of the Northern Territory; Northern Territory Australia
| | - Y. Kondo
- Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - M. Koike
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; University of Tokyo; Tokyo Japan
| | - K. Kita
- Department of Environmental Sciences Faculty of Science; Ibaraki University; Ibaraki Japan
| | - T. Machida
- National Institute for Environmental Studies; Tsukuba Japan
| | - N. Takegawa
- Solar-Terrestrial Environment Laboratory; Nagoya University; Aichi Japan
| | - N. Nishi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - S. Kawakami
- National Space Development Agency of Japan; Earth Observation Research Center; Tokyo Japan
| | - T. Ogawa
- National Space Development Agency of Japan; Earth Observation Research Center; Tokyo Japan
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80
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Machida T, Kita K, Kondo Y, Blake D, Kawakami S, Inoue G, Ogawa T. Vertical and meridional distributions of the atmospheric CO2mixing ratio between northern midlatitudes and southern subtropics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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81
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Kita K, Kawakami S, Miyazaki Y, Higashi Y, Kondo Y, Nishi N, Koike M, Blake DR, Machida T, Sano T, Hu W, Ko M, Ogawa T. Photochemical production of ozone in the upper troposphere in association with cumulus convection over Indonesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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82
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Liley JB, Baumgardner D, Kondo Y, Kita K, Blake DR, Koike M, Machida T, Takegawa N, Kawakami S, Shirai T, Ogawa T. Black carbon in aerosol during BIBLE B. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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83
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Honma T, Hayashi K, Aoyama T, Hashimoto N, Machida T, Fukasawa K, Iwama T, Ikeura C, Ikuta M, Suzuki-Takahashi I, Iwasawa Y, Hayama T, Nishimura S, Morishima H. Structure-based generation of a new class of potent Cdk4 inhibitors: new de novo design strategy and library design. J Med Chem 2001; 44:4615-27. [PMID: 11741479 DOI: 10.1021/jm0103256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As a first step in structure-based design of highly selective and potent Cdk4 inhibitors, we performed structure-based generation of a novel series of Cdk4 inhibitors. A Cdk4 homology model was constructed according to X-ray analysis of an activated form of Cdk2. Using this model, we applied a new de novo design strategy which combined the de novo design program LEGEND with our in-house structure selection supporting system SEEDS to generate new scaffold candidates. In this way, four classes of scaffold candidates including diarylurea were identified. By constructing diarylurea informer libraries based on the structural requirements of Cdk inhibitors in the ATP binding pocket of the Cdk4 model, we were able to identify a potent Cdk4 inhibitor N-(9-oxo-9H-fluoren-4-yl)-N'-pyridin-2-ylurea 15 (IC(50) = 0.10 microM), together with preliminary SAR. We performed a docking study between 15 and the Cdk4 model and selected a reasonable binding mode which is consistent with the SAR. Further modification based on the proposed binding mode provided a more potent compound, N-[(9bR)-5-oxo-2,3,5,9b-tetrahydro-1H-pyrrolo[2,1-a]isoindol-9-yl]-N'-pyridin-2-ylurea 26a (IC(50) = 0.042 microM), X-ray analysis of which was accomplished by the soaking method. The predicted binding mode of 15 in Cdk4 was validated by X-ray analysis of the Cdk2-26a complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Honma
- Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute in collaboration with Merck Research Laboratories, Okubo-3, Tsukuba 300-2611, Ibaraki, Japan.
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84
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Matsuoka Y, Ishizaka K, Kobayashi T, Machida T, Oka K. [Transitional cell carcinoma of the ureter with inverted proliferation accompanied with papillary bladder tumor: a case report]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2001; 47:861-3. [PMID: 11828774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
An 85-year-old female was referred to our hospital with chief complaints of right flank pain and gross hematuria. Ultrasonography demonstrated right hydroureteronephrosis and a thumb head-sized solid mass in the lower third of the right ureter. Cystoscopy revealed papillary tumors near the right ureteral orifice. Under the preoperative diagnosis of right ureteral tumor and bladder tumor, transurethral resection of bladder tumor, right nephroureterectomy and partial cystectomy were performed. The gross specimen of the ureter contained a 5 x 3 x 1 cm, polypoid and smooth-surfaced tumor. The pathological diagnosis of the ureteral tumor was transitional cell carcinoma with inverted proliferation, grade 1 >> grade 2. On the other hand, the bladder tumor was papillary transitional cell carcinoma, grade 1. This is a case in which tumor development showed two different types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Kanto Central Hospital
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85
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Matsuoka Y, Ishizaka K, Machida T, Oka K. [A case of papillary adenocarcinoma of the prostate which was difficult to diagnose]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2001; 47:751-4. [PMID: 11758361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
We report a case of papillary adenocarcinoma of the prostate found by urethroscopy. An 84-year-old male visited our hospital complaining of initial hematuria in July 1997. No abnormal findings were detected despite repeated urological examinations until endoscopic examination revealed fine papillary tumors in the prostatic urethra along with benign prostatic hyperplasia-like prominent left lobe of the prostate in June 2000. Serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level was 4.1 ng/ml. He underwent transurethral resection of the urethral tumors and the prominent lobe, which was found to contain packed papillary tumors. Both of these tumors were well differentiated papillary adenocarcinoma most likely originating from the prostate because PSA immunostaining was positive. The prostate was irradiated postoperatively. Papillary adenocarcinoma localized in the prostate is difficult to diagnose preoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Kanto Central Hospital
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86
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Matsuoka Y, Kobayashi T, Ishizaka K, Machida T, Oka K. [Clinical experience of in situ extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy using ESL-500A for bilateral ureteral stones and ureteral stones in a solitary, or a functionally solitary kidney]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2001; 47:715-8. [PMID: 11758352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) using ESL-500A was performed for the treatment of 18 cases of bilateral ureteral stones and 3 cases of a solitary or a functionally solitary kidney with ureteral stones from September 1991 to February 2000. Sixteen cases of the former and all 3 cases of the latter were treated by in situ ESWL, and the other 2 cases of bilateral ureteral stones were treated with auxiliary procedures. No residual stones were observed in any cases except for one of bilateral ureteral stones treated by in situ ESWL. The results show that in situ ESWL using ESL-500A seems to be useful for the treatment of bilateral ureteral stones and ureteral stones in a solitary kidney, including a functionally solitary kidney. However, auxiliary treatment will be needed in cases of urinary tract infection, undetectable stones by ultrasonography, or bilateral large stones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Matsuoka
- Department of Urology, Kanto Central Hospital
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87
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Ikuta M, Kamata K, Fukasawa K, Honma T, Machida T, Hirai H, Suzuki-Takahashi I, Hayama T, Nishimura S. Crystallographic approach to identification of cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4)-specific inhibitors by using CDK4 mimic CDK2 protein. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:27548-54. [PMID: 11335721 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m102060200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Genetic alteration of one or more components of the p16(INK4A)-CDK4,6/cyclin D-retinoblastoma pathway is found in more than half of all human cancers. Therefore, CDK4 is an attractive target for the development of a novel anticancer agent. However, it is difficult to make CDK4-specific inhibitors that do not possess activity for other kinases, especially CDK2, because the CDK family has high structural homology. The three-dimensional structure of CDK2, particularly that bound with the inhibitor, has provided useful information for the synthesis of CDK2-specific inhibitors. The same approach used to make CDK4-specific inhibitors was hindered by the failure to obtain a crystal structure of CDK4. To overcome this problem, we synthesized a CDK4 mimic CDK2 protein in which the ATP binding pocket of CDK2 was replaced with that of CDK4. This CDK4 mimic CDK2 was crystallized both in the free and inhibitor-bound form. The structural information thus obtained was found to be useful for synthesis of a CDK4-specific inhibitor that does not have substantial CDK2 activity. Namely, the data suggest that CDK4 has additional space that will accommodate a large substituent such as the CDK4 selective inhibitor. Inhibitors designed to bind into this large cavity should be selective for CDK4 without having substantial CDK2 activity. This design principle was confirmed in the x-ray crystal structure of the CDK4 mimic CDK2 with a new CDK4 selective inhibitor bound.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ikuta
- Banyu Tsukuba Research Institute/ Merck Research Laboratories, Okubo 3, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 300-2611, Japan
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88
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Ogawa J, Lee S, Itoh K, Nagata S, Machida T, Takeda Y, Watanabe K. Neural recognition molecule NB-2 of the contactin/F3 subgroup in rat: Specificity in neurite outgrowth-promoting activity and restricted expression in the brain regions. J Neurosci Res 2001; 65:100-10. [PMID: 11438979 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.1133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
NB-2, a neural cell recognition molecule of the contactin/F3 subgroup, promoted neurite outgrowth of the cerebral cortical neurons but not the hippocampal neurons. NB-2 in rat became apparent after birth at protein level, reaching a maximum at postnatal day 14 in the cerebrum and postnatal day 3 in the cerebellum. NB-2 in the cerebellum declined abruptly thereafter. In situ hybridization demonstrated that NB-2 mRNA was highly expressed in regions implicated in the central auditory pathway, including the cochlear nuclei, superior olive, inferior colliculi, medial geniculate nuclei, and auditory cortex. In addition, a high level of NB-2 expression was observed in the accessory olfactory bulb, thalamic nuclei, facial nucleus, and inferior olive. By immunohistochemistry, intense immunoreactivity against NB-2 was also detected in the auditory pathway. Thus, NB-2 is expressed in highly restricted brain regions, including the auditory system, suggesting that it plays specific roles in the development and/or maturation of the regions.
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MESH Headings
- Aging/physiology
- Animals
- Brain/cytology
- Brain/embryology
- Brain/growth & development
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/metabolism
- Cell Adhesion Molecules, Neuronal/pharmacology
- Cell Communication/physiology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Membrane/drug effects
- Cell Membrane/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured/cytology
- Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Contactins
- Epitopes/metabolism
- Fetus
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental/physiology
- Immunohistochemistry
- Neurites/drug effects
- Neurites/metabolism
- Neurites/ultrastructure
- Phosphatidylinositol Diacylglycerol-Lyase
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Wistar
- Type C Phospholipases/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ogawa
- Department of Cell Recognition, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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89
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Kumihashi K, Uchida K, Miyazaki H, Kobayashi J, Tsushima T, Machida T. Acetylsalicylic acid reduces ischemia-induced proliferation of dentate cells in gerbils. Neuroreport 2001; 12:915-7. [PMID: 11303759 DOI: 10.1097/00001756-200104170-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Transient global ischemia causes neurogenesis in the dentate gyrus of adult rodents. Ischemic insults to rodents also induce cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), an isoform of cyclooxygenases (COXs) and a rate-limiting enzyme for prostanoid synthesis. In the present experiments, adult Mongolian gerbils were chronically treated with acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), a non-selective COX inhibitor, and the proliferation of cells in the dentate gyrus was examined under ischemia. It was proved that BrdU-labeled cells in the dentate gyrus were significantly reduced in number following ASA treatment after 10 min global ischemia. The result strongly suggests that COX, probably COX-2, and prostanoids play an important role in the proliferation of neural cells after ischemia in gerbils.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kumihashi
- Department of Regulation Biology, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Urawa, Japan
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90
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Tasaka S, Ohmori H, Gomi N, Iino M, Machida T, Kiue A, Naito S, Kuwano M. Synthesis and structure--activity analysis of novel dihydropyridine derivatives to overcome multidrug resistance. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:275-7. [PMID: 11206476 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(00)00651-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The structure activity relationships were studied on newly synthesized 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives possessing a 1-pentyl group at the 4-position, and 3-pyridylpropylester was found to be one of the effective fragments for overcoming P-glycoprotein mediated multidrug-resistance (MDR) in cultured human cancer cells, in vitro. 3-Pyridylpropylester was also found to be one of the effective fragments for increasing the life span of P-glycoprotein overexpressing MDR P388 leukemia-bearing mice, in vivo. All compounds had weak calcium antagonistic activities, but there appeared no relationship between MDR reversing effect and calcium antagonistic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tasaka
- Omiya Research Laboratory, Nikken Chemicals Co., Ltd., Omiya, Japan
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91
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Nakagawara A, Ohira M, Kageyama H, Mihara M, Furuta S, Machida T, Takayasu H, Islam A, Nakamura Y, Takahashi M, Shishikura T, Kaneko Y, Toyoda A, Hattori M, Sakaki Y, Ohki M, Horii A, Soeda E, Inazawa J, Seki N, Kuma H, Nozawa I, Sakiyama S. Identification of the homozygously deleted region at chromosome 1p36.2 in human neuroblastoma. Med Pediatr Oncol 2000; 35:516-21. [PMID: 11107106 DOI: 10.1002/1096-911x(20001201)35:6<516::aid-mpo3>3.0.co;2-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We have identified for the first time a homozygously deleted region within the smallest region of overlap at 1p36.2-3 in two neuroblastoma cell lines. PROCEDURE The 800-kb PAC contig covering the entire homozygously deleted region was made and sequenced. To date, approximately 70% of sequencing has been accomplished, and the estimated length of the deleted region was 500 kb. RESULTS Currently, we have found six genes within the region, which include three known genes as well as three other genes that have been reported during processing of our present project for the last 3(1/2) years. We report here the results of expression and mutation analyses of those genes. CONCLUSIONS Full sequencing for the region of homozygous deletion as well as further analyses of the genes mapped within the region may reveal whether or not there is a neuroblastoma suppressor gene as proposed by the Knudson's two-hit hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nakagawara
- Division of Biochemistry, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba, Japan.
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92
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Furuta S, Ohira M, Machida T, Hamano S, Nakagawara A. Analysis of loss of heterozygosity at 16p12-p13 (familial neuroblastoma locus) in 470 neuroblastomas including both sporadic and mass screening tumors. Med Pediatr Oncol 2000; 35:531-3. [PMID: 11107109 DOI: 10.1002/1096-911x(20001201)35:6<531::aid-mpo6>3.0.co;2-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroblastoma (NBL) in children usually occurs in a sporadic form. However, it rarely occurs in families. Recently, the familial neuroblastoma (FNB) locus has been mapped to 16p12-p13 by linkage analysis. PROCEDURE Here we show the result of loss of heterozygosity in the region spanning 16p12-p13 (D16S406-D16S409, 46 cM) in 470 NBLs including both sporadic and mass screening cases. RESULTS Allelic loss was found in 61(13%) tumors. Deletion of 16p was associated with mass screening tumor (P = 0.035) and <1 year of age at diagnosis (P = 0.048). We found two commonly deleted regions: the sizes of the region were approximately 2 cM and approximately 6 cM. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggested that allelic loss of 16p was common in favorable NBLs, and there may be at least two candidate loci within the region of FNB.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Furuta
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, St. Marianna School of Medicine, Kawasaki, Japan
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93
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Nakanishi K, Machida T, Toyoshima T, Horiuchi S, Togo Y. [A case of peripelvic extravasation related to pregnancy]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2000; 46:719-21. [PMID: 11215198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A 35-year-old woman was hospitalized at 39 weeks 0 days of gestation because of acute left flank pain. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed bilateral hydronephrosis with peripelvic extravasation of contrast material around the left kidney. The pregnancy ended with a cesarean section and after the cesarean section a left double-J-stent was placed cystoscopically. An excretory urogram following the removal of the ureteral stent showed no extravasation or hydronephrosis in either kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nakanishi
- Department of Urology, Kasukabe Municipal Hospital
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94
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Ohira M, Kageyama H, Mihara M, Furuta S, Machida T, Shishikura T, Takayasu H, Islam A, Nakamura Y, Takahashi M, Tomioka N, Sakiyama S, Kaneko Y, Toyoda A, Hattori M, Sakaki Y, Ohki M, Horii A, Soeda E, Inazawa J, Seki N, Kuma H, Nozawa I, Nakagawara A. Identification and characterization of a 500-kb homozygously deleted region at 1p36.2-p36.3 in a neuroblastoma cell line. Oncogene 2000; 19:4302-7. [PMID: 10980605 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1203786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Loss of heterozygosity of the distal region of chromosome 1p where tumor suppressor gene(s) might harbor is frequently observed in many human cancers including neuroblastoma (NBL) with MYCN amplification and poor prognosis. We have identified for the first time a homozygously deleted region at the marker D1S244 within the smallest region of overlap at 1p36.2-p36.3 in two NBL cell lines, NB-1 and NB-C201 (MASS-NB-SCH1), although our genotyping has suggested the possibility that both lines are derived from the same origin. The 800-kb PAC contig covering the entire region of homozygous deletion was made and partially sequenced (about 60%). The estimated length of the deleted region was 500 kb. We have, thus far, identified six genes within the region which include three known genes (DFF45, PGD, and CORT) as well as three other genes which have been reported during processing our present project for the last 3(1/2) years (HDNB1/UFD2, KIAA0591F/KIF1B-beta, and PEX14). They include the genes related to apoptosis, glucose metabolism, ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, a neuronal microtubule-associated motor molecule and biogenesis of peroxisome. At least three genes (HDNB1/UFD2, KIAA0591F/KIF1B-beta, and PEX14) were differentially expressed at high levels in favorable and at low levels in unfavorable subsets of primary neuroblastoma. Since the 1p distal region is reported to be imprinted, those differentially expressed genes could be the new members of the candidate NBL suppressor, although RT-PCR-SSCP analysis has demonstrated infrequent mutation of the genes so far identified. Full-sequencing and gene prediction for the region of homozygous deletion would elucidate more detailed structure of this region and might lead to discovery of additional candidate genes. Oncogene (2000) 19, 4302 - 4307
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ohira
- Division of Biochemistry, Chiba Cancer Center Research Institute, Chiba 260-8717, Japan
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95
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Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study is to evaluate the actual effect of irradiation for other targets in dose planning for the treatment of multiple metastases with Gamma Knife. METHODS AND MATERIALS We analyzed dose distributions for 51 targets in 10 patients with metastatic brain tumors who underwent radiosurgery with Gamma Knife for the treatment of more than one target in one session. We made dose plans with every attempt to include as many targets as possible and calculate dose distributions separately for each dose matrix. We also calculated the composite dose distribution by including the effect of all shots used. We compared these noncomposite and composite dose distributions. RESULTS The differences in the mean target dose between the noncomposite dose distribution and the composite one ranged from 0.0 to 4.5 Gy with a mean of 1.5 Gy and was more than 2 Gy in 12 (24%) targets. The difference tended to be larger when targets were small in volume and/or the number of targets was large. CONCLUSIONS The effect of irradiation from the shots for other targets was not negligible in some cases. This difference of dose distribution should be considered in the analysis of clinical outcomes of cases with multiple targets treated in one session.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Terahara
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Japan.
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96
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Ikemoto I, Ohishi Y, Onodera S, Ohnishi T, Yamazaki H, Kishimoto K, Kiyota H, Wada T, Goto H, Furuta N, Igarashi H, Suzuki Y, Hasegawa N, Asano K, Machida T. [Clinical statistics on patients and operations during a 20-year period (1978-1997) at Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine]. Hinyokika Kiyo 2000; 46:513-8. [PMID: 10965463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
A statistical analysis was made of diseases, patients, and operations at our department in the four affiliated hospitals of Jikei University School of Medicine from 1978 through 1997. Our findings were as follows. Newly diagnosed urogenital malignancies, except testicular tumors, have been increasing in the last two decades among both outpatients and inpatients. Urogenital infections, including tuberculosis, have gradually been decreasing in the last two decades. The treatment of urinary stone diseases was markedly altered by the induction of extracorponeal shock wave lithotripsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Ikemoto
- Department of Urology, Jikei University School of Medicine
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97
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Tohjima Y, Mukai H, Maksyutov S, Takahashi Y, Machida T, Katsumoto M, Fujinuma Y. Variations in atmospheric nitrous oxide observed at Hateruma monitoring station. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(00)00020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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98
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Yokouchi Y, Noijiri Y, Barrie LA, Toom-Sauntry D, Machida T, Inuzuka Y, Akimoto H, Li HJ, Fujinuma Y, Aoki S. A strong source of methyl chloride to the atmosphere from tropical coastal land. Nature 2000; 403:295-8. [PMID: 10659845 DOI: 10.1038/35002049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Methyl chloride (CH3Cl), the most abundant halocarbon in the atmosphere, has received much attention as a natural source of chlorine atoms in the stratosphere. The annual global flux of CH3Cl has been estimated to be around 3.5 Tg on the grounds that this must balance the loss through reaction with OH radicals (which gives a lifetime for atmospheric CH3Cl of 1.5 yr). The most likely main source of methyl chloride has been thought to be oceanic emission, with biomass burning the second largest source. But recent seawater measurements indicate that oceanic fluxes cannot account for more than 12% of the estimated global flux of CH3Cl, raising the question of where the remainder comes from. Here we report evidence of significant CH3Cl emission from warm coastal land, particularly from tropical islands. This conclusion is based on a global monitoring study and spot measurements, which show enhancement of atmospheric CH3Cl in the tropics, a close correlation between CH3Cl concentrations and those of biogenic compounds emitted by terrestrial plants, and OH-linked seasonality of CH3Cl concentrations in middle and high latitudes. A strong, equatorially located source of this nature would explain why the distribution of CH3Cl is uniform between the Northern and Southern hemispheres, despite their differences in ocean and land area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yokouchi
- National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
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99
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Hanazaki K, Wakabayashi M, Sodeyama H, Mochizuki Y, Machida T, Yokoyama S, Sode Y, Kawamura N, Miyazaki T. Surgical outcome in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma. Hepatogastroenterology 2000; 47:204-10. [PMID: 10690610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to clarify the surgical outcome in cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C-related hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). METHODOLOGY The surgical outcome of 26 HCVAb-positive cirrhotic patients with hepatitis C antibody (the C-related HCC group) and 18 HCVAb-negative cirrhotic patients with (the non-C-related HCC group) undergoing hepatectomy for HCC were compared. The C-related HCC group was HCVAb[+], HBsAg[-] for hepatitis B surface antigen in 25 patients and HCVAb[+], HBsAg[+] in 1, and the non C-related HCC group was HCVAb[-], HBsAg[+] in 15 and HCVAb[-], HBsAg[-] in 3. RESULTS Preoperative aspartate and alanine aminotransferase in the C-related HCC group were significantly (P < 0.01) higher than in the non-C-related HCC group. There were no significant differences in the operative method, intraoperative blood loss and weight of resected liver or pathological data between the 2 groups. In the recurrence pattern, the incidence of multicentric occurrence in the C-related HCC group (53.3%) was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than in the non-C-related HCC group (7.7%). The mortality rate in both groups was 0% and no operative death was encountered. The crude survival and disease-free survival rates at 3 years were similar: 80.8% and 57.7% in the C-related HCC group and 77.8% and 55.6% in the non-C-related HCC group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Although surgically treated cirrhotic patients with C-related HCC showed worse preoperative hepatitis status and a higher incidence of recurrence due to multicentricity compared with non-C-related HCC, the mortality and prognosis of patients with C-related HCC did not differ from that of non-C-related HCC. The indication of hepatic resection and consideration for the high incidence of postoperative multicentric occurrence in the patients with C-related HCC should therefore be more careful than in patients with non-C-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hanazaki
- Department of Surgery, Nagano Red Cross Hospital, Nagano, Japan
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100
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Kanno Y, Tamura M, Chuma S, Sakura T, Machida T, Nakatsuji N. A cystatin-related gene, testatin/cresp, shows male-specific expression in germ and somatic cells from the initial stage of murine gonadal sex-differentiation. Int J Dev Biol 1999; 43:777-84. [PMID: 10707901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
Sex-differentiation in mammals initiates at mid-gestation when the differentiation of Sertoli cells is triggered by the expression of the testis-determining gene, Sry. However, little is known about the succeeding germ-soma interaction that directs the sex-differentiation of germ cells. We carried out subtraction and differential screening between male and female gonads at 13.5 dpc (days post coitum). A novel cystatin-related gene was identified and named cresp (cystatin-related expressed in Sertoli and spermatogonia), and has recently been reported independently under the name testatin (Töhönen et al., 1998). The presumed amino acid sequence of testatin/cresp showed considerable homology to the cystatin family, but it lacked a few critical amino acid residues for the cysteine-protease inhibitory activity. A 0.7 kb RNA was detected by northern blotting specifically in the fetal and adult testes from 11.5 dpc and expression increased between 11.5 dpc and 12.5 dpc. Using RT-PCR analysis, the testatin/cresp mRNA was first detectable at 9.5 dpc in both male and female embryos but it was maintained only in the male. In females, the expression became weaker at 11.5 dpc and was undetectable after 12.0 dpc. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemical analyses, as well as single cell RT-PCR analysis, showed that the testatin/cresp mRNA was localized specifically in both the (pro)spermatogonia and Sertoli cells in the testis from 12.5 dpc to adult. Thus, expression of the testatin/cresp gene is upregulated in male gonads but downregulated in females immediately after the initiation of sex-differentiation, suggesting roles in the early developmental cascade of testis such as the germ-soma interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kanno
- Mammalian Development Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Mishima, Japan
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