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Collins S, Blair D, Zarycki J, Szynal C, Gangolli E, Vincent P, Chakravarty A, Ecsedy J. Abstract 3738: A rationale for combining the targeted investigational agents TAK-733, a MEK1/2 inhibitor, with alisertib (MLN8237), an Aurora A kinase inhibitor, for cancer therapy. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-3738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
MEK1/2 kinases have diverse functions in cell proliferation and survival, including the regulation of cell cycle transitions between the G1, S, and G2 phases and mediation of DNA damage response pathways. Therefore, inhibition of MEK1/2 may facilitate the antiproliferative effects of other therapies that disrupt cell cycle progression leading to DNA damage, including antimitotic therapies. AAK is a serine/threonine protein kinase essential for normal mitotic progression. Inhibition of AAK leads to inappropriate progression through mitosis in the presence of misaligned chromosomes resulting in aneuploidy and DNA damage, which leads to apoptosis or senescence. Here, we evaluated the combination of the allosteric MEK1/2 inhibitor TAK-733 with alisertib, the selective AAK inhibitor. Proliferation assays in multiple tumor cell lines showed a concentration-dependent decrease in the IC50 of TAK-733 and alisertib with increasing concentrations of the second agent, suggesting increased anti-proliferative activity of these agents when combined. This result was corroborated by measuring changes in cell confluence over time, a surrogate for proliferation rate, using an IncuCyte live-cell imaging system. The decreased proliferation rate of the combination was due in part to induction of apoptosis, as demonstrated by Annexin V and sub-diploid DNA content analysis. Cell cycle progression differences of the TAK-733/alisertib combination relative to the single agents were assessed using time-lapse video microscopy by measuring the time to the first mitotic event after drug addition, time spent in mitosis, and time between mitotic events. Of these, the only observed difference in cell-cycle progression time in the A2780 ovarian carcinoma cell line was the time between mitotic events, which was 10 hours longer for the combination relative to single agent alisertib. Moreover, the combination of TAK-733 and alisertib significantly reduced the ability of the cells to re-enter the cell cycle after one mitosis compared to either single agent; 30% for the combination, compared to 90% for TAK-733 and 76% for alisertib. Flow cytometry DNA content analysis showed that TAK-733 suppressed the formation of >4N/tetraploid cells induced by alisertib alone in multiple cell lines. This observed decrease in the proportion of >4N cells is greater than the decrease that could be extrapolated solely from the cell cycle-slowing effect of the combination, suggesting that TAK-733 reduces the proliferative potential of the alisertib-generated aneuploid cells via cell-cycle arrest and apoptosis. Collectively, these findings demonstrate an added benefit of TAK-733 over alisertib alone and provide a pre-clinical rationale for further investigation of the combination of TAK-733 and alisertib for cancer therapy.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3738. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3738
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Abadie J, Abbott BP, Abbott R, Abernathy M, Accadia T, Acernese F, Adams C, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen GS, Ceron EA, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Antonucci F, Arain MA, Araya MC, Aronsson M, Arun KG, Aso Y, Aston SM, Astone P, Atkinson D, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballardin G, Ballmer S, Barker D, Barnum S, Barone F, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Bauchrowitz J, Bauer TS, Behnke B, Beker MG, Belletoile A, Benacquista M, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Beveridge N, Beyersdorf PT, Bigotta S, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birch J, Birindelli S, Biswas R, Bitossi M, Bizouard MA, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Blom M, Boccara C, Bock O, Bodiya TP, Bondarescu R, Bondu F, Bonelli L, Bonnand R, Bork R, Born M, Bose S, Bosi L, Bouhou B, Boyle M, Braccini S, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Breyer J, Bridges DO, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brisson V, Britzger M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Budzyński R, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Burguet-Castell J, Burmeister O, Buskulic D, Buy C, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Cain J, Calloni E, Camp JB, Campagna E, Campsie P, Cannizzo J, Cannon K, Canuel B, Cao J, Capano C, Carbognani F, Caride S, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cepeda C, Cesarini E, Chalermsongsak T, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chassande-Mottin E, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Chincarini A, Christensen N, Chua SSY, Chung CTY, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cleva F, Coccia E, Colacino CN, Colas J, Colla A, Colombini M, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TR, Cornish N, Corsi A, Costa CA, Coulon JP, Coward DM, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Culter RM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Dahl K, Danilishin SL, Dannenberg R, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Das K, Dattilo V, Daudert B, Davier M, Davies G, Davis A, Daw EJ, Day R, Dayanga T, De Rosa R, DeBra D, Degallaix J, del Prete M, Dergachev V, DeRosa R, DeSalvo R, Devanka P, Dhurandhar S, Di Fiore L, Di Lieto A, Di Palma I, Di Paolo Emilio M, Di Virgilio A, Díaz M, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Dorsher S, Douglas ESD, Drago M, Drever RWP, Driggers JC, Dueck J, Dumas JC, Eberle T, Edgar M, Edwards M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Engel R, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fafone V, Fairhurst S, Fan Y, Farr BF, Fazi D, Fehrmann H, Feldbaum D, Ferrante I, Fidecaro F, Finn LS, Fiori I, Flaminio R, Flanigan M, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Forsi E, Fotopoulos N, Fournier JD, Franc J, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frede M, Frei M, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Friedrich D, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Galimberti M, Gammaitoni L, Garofoli JA, Garufi F, Gemme G, Genin E, Gennai A, Gholami I, Ghosh S, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Giazotto A, Gill C, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gorodetsky ML, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Graef C, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Greverie C, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guidi GM, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hall P, Hallam JM, Hammer D, Hammond G, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Harstad ED, Haughian K, Hayama K, Hayau JF, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heitmann H, Hello P, Heng IS, Heptonstall AW, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Hodge KA, Holt K, Hosken DJ, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hoyland D, Huet D, Hughey B, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huynh-Dinh T, Ingram DR, Inta R, Isogai T, Ivanov A, Jaranowski P, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kandhasamy S, Kanner JB, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khazanov EA, Kim H, King PJ, Kinzel DL, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kowalska I, Kozak D, Krause T, Kringel V, Krishnamurthy S, Krishnan B, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kullman J, Kumar R, Kwee P, Landry M, Lang M, Lantz B, Lastzka N, Lazzarini A, Leaci P, Leong J, Leonor I, Leroy N, Letendre N, Li J, Li TGF, Liguori N, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lu P, Luan J, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Lundgren AD, Machenschalk B, MacInnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Majorana E, Mak C, Maksimovic I, Man N, Mandel I, Mandic V, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Maros E, Marque J, Martelli F, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Masserot A, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner RA, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McIntyre G, McIvor G, McKechan DJA, Meadors G, Mehmet M, Meier T, Melatos A, Melissinos AC, Mendell G, Menéndez DF, Mercer RA, Merill L, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Meyer MS, Miao H, Michel C, Milano L, Miller J, Minenkov Y, Mino Y, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Moe B, Mohan M, Mohanty SD, Mohapatra SRP, Moraru D, Moreau J, Moreno G, Morgado N, Morgia A, Morioka T, Mors K, Mosca S, Moscatelli V, Mossavi K, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mueller G, Mukherjee S, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Nash T, Nawrodt R, Nelson J, Neri I, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Nocera F, Nolting D, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin GH, Oldenburg RG, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Osthelder C, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Page A, Pagliaroli G, Palladino L, Palomba C, Pan Y, Pankow C, Paoletti F, Papa MA, Pardi S, Pareja M, Parisi M, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patel P, Pathak D, Pedraza M, Pekowsky L, Penn S, Peralta C, Perreca A, Persichetti G, Pichot M, Pickenpack M, Piergiovanni F, Pietka M, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Poggiani R, Postiglione F, Prato M, Predoi V, Price LR, Prijatelj M, Principe M, Prix R, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Puncken O, Punturo M, Puppo P, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radke T, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rakhmanov M, Rankins B, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Re V, Reed CM, Reed T, Regimbau T, Reid S, Reitze DH, Ricci F, Riesen R, Riles K, Roberts P, Robertson NA, Robinet F, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Rocchi A, Roddy S, Röver C, Rolland L, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romano R, Romie JH, Rosińska D, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sakosky M, Salemi F, Sammut L, de la Jordana LS, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaría L, Santostasi G, Saraf S, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Satterthwaite M, Saulson PR, Savage R, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield RMS, Schulz B, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sentenac D, Sergeev A, Shaddock DA, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Singer A, Sintes AM, Skelton G, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Speirits FC, Sperandio L, Stein AJ, Stein LC, Steinlechner S, Steplewski S, Stochino A, Stone R, Strain KA, Strigin S, Stroeer AS, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Summerscales TZ, Sung M, Susmithan S, Sutton PJ, Swinkels B, Szokoly GP, Talukder D, Tanner DB, Tarabrin SP, Taylor JR, Taylor R, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thrane E, Thüring A, Titsler C, Tokmakov KV, Toncelli A, Tonelli M, Torre O, Torres C, Torrie CI, Tournefier E, Travasso F, Traylor G, Trias M, Trummer J, Tseng K, Turner L, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Vaishnav B, Vajente G, Vallisneri M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, van der Putten S, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vavoulidis M, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Veltkamp C, Verkindt D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Villar AE, Vinet JY, Vocca H, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Wanner A, Ward RL, Was M, Wei P, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wessels P, West M, Westphal T, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, White D, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams L, Willke B, Winkelmann L, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yamamoto K, Yeaton-Massey D, Yoshida S, Yu P, Yvert M, Zanolin M, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Directional limits on persistent gravitational waves using LIGO S5 science data. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2011; 107:271102. [PMID: 22243300 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.271102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The gravitational-wave (GW) sky may include nearby pointlike sources as well as stochastic backgrounds. We perform two directional searches for persistent GWs using data from the LIGO S5 science run: one optimized for pointlike sources and one for arbitrary extended sources. Finding no evidence to support the detection of GWs, we present 90% confidence level (C.L.) upper-limit maps of GW strain power with typical values between 2-20×10(-50) strain(2) Hz(-1) and 5-35×10(-49) strain(2) Hz(-1) sr(-1) for pointlike and extended sources, respectively. The latter result is the first of its kind. We also set 90% C.L. limits on the narrow-band root-mean-square GW strain from interesting targets including Sco X-1, SN 1987A and the Galactic center as low as ≈7×10(-25) in the most sensitive frequency range near 160 Hz.
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Blair D, Mettetal J, Collins S, Zarycki J, Vincent P, Ecsedy J, Chakravarty A. Abstract B136: Application of a mathematical model to understand the cell cycle progression effects of MEK1/2 kinase inhibition using the investigational small-molecule allosteric inhibitor TAK-733. Mol Cancer Ther 2011. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-11-b136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In order to more precisely understand the effects of MEK1/2 inhibition on cell cycle progression, cellular imaging and biochemical assays were coupled with mathematical modeling.
The MEK/ERK signaling cascade modulates multiple outcomes relevant to cancer therapy including cell growth, proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Moreover, MEK/ERK signaling regulates transitions between the G1, S and G2 cell cycle phases, and mediates the response to DNA damage induced by a wide variety of DNA damaging agents. Inhibition of the MEK/ERK pathway represents a promising approach for the treatment of cancer. A number of small-molecule inhibitors are currently in clinical trials, including TAK-733, a novel, investigational, selective, non ATP competitive, allosteric inhibitor of MAP kinase-ERK kinase (MEK) activity.
MEK inhibition is often described to invoke a complete arrest at the G1-S cell cycle transition leading to a rapid cessation of cell growth. In order to assess this, the kinetics of cell cycle progression using continuous quantitative techniques in several different cell types was examined. Time-lapse microscopy studies and confluence analyses using an IncuCyte system demonstrated that cells treated with TAK-733 continue to divide over a period of five days, albeit at a slower rate than the DMSO treated cells. These observations were corroborated with flow cytometry using CFSE, a fluorescent cytoplasmic dye whose rate of decay is a measure of the cell division rate, and with immunofluorescence microscopy using the G2/M marker cyclin B. This continued cell cycling in the presence of TAK-733 was demonstrated to occur with abnormal cell cycle progression times and abnormal DNA content profiles, suggesting altered rates of passage through S and G2/M phase.
A mathematical model was constructed to quantitatively describe how MEK inhibition is affecting the passage of the cell population through the cell cycle. When the model is fitted to the experimentally observed data, it inferred the rate of entrance and exit from each phase of the cell cycle under both control and treatment conditions. The model simultaneously captured both the observed accumulation in G0/G1 as well as the observed progression through the cell cycle during treatment. Interestingly, it was able to explain both of these results without invoking a complete G1 arrest. Instead it showed that the rate of exit from G1 is reduced upon inhibition. These findings were supported by time-lapse microscopy observations which were not used in fitting the model.
This reassessment of the canonical view of cell-cycle progression defects following MEK1/2 inhibition by means of the mathematical modeling approach described here may provide key differentiation opportunities in the rational development of TAK-733 and other MEK1/2 inhibitors.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2011 Nov 12-16; San Francisco, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2011;10(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B136.
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Zhu XJ, Howell E, Blair D. Observational upper limits on the gravitational wave production of core collapse supernovae. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-3933.2010.00965.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Westwood AR, Blair D. Effect of regional climate warming on the phenology of butterflies in boreal forests in Manitoba, Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2010; 39:1122-1133. [PMID: 22127162 DOI: 10.1603/en09143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We examined the effect of regional climate warming on the phenology of butterfly species in boreal forest ecosystems in Manitoba, Canada. For the period 1971-2004, the mean monthly temperatures in January, September, and December increased significantly, as did the mean temperatures for several concurrent monthly periods. The mean annual temperature increased ≈ 0.05°C/yr over the study period. The annual number of frost-free days and degree-day accumulations increased as well. We measured the response of 19 common butterfly species to these temperature changes with the date of first appearance, week of peak abundance, and the length of flight period over the 33-yr period of 1972-2004. Although adult butterfly response was variable for spring and summer months, 13 of 19 species showed a significant (P < 0.05) increase in flight period extending longer into the autumn. Flight period extensions increased by 31.5 ± 13.9 (SD) d over the study period for 13 butterfly species significantly affected by the warming trend. The early autumn and winter months warmed significantly, and butterflies seem to be responding to this warming trend with a change in the length of certain life stages. Two species, Junonia coenia and Euphydryas phaeton, increased their northerly ranges by ≈ 150 and 70 km, respectively. Warmer autumns and winters may be providing opportunities for range extensions of more southerly butterfly species held at bay by past climatic conditions.
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Subramaniam RM, Mandrekar J, Blair D, Peller PJ, Karalus N. The Geneva prognostic score and mortality in patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism by CT pulmonary angiogram. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2009; 53:361-5. [PMID: 19695042 DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-9485.2009.02092.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study prospectively evaluates whether a previously established adverse outcome score (the Geneva prognostic score) predicts 3 and 12-month overall mortality among the patients diagnosed with pulmonary embolism (PE) by a CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA). Five hundred twenty-three consecutive patients who had CTPA for suspected PE were recruited prospectively from March 2003 to October 2004. The Geneva prognostic score was calculated for all patients. Twelve-month follow up was completed in all patients in December 2005. There were 105 patients diagnosed with PE. The mean score was 2.71 (standard deviation (SD) 1.25) for those patients who had died (n = 7) and 1.14 (SD 1.19) for those patients who were alive (n = 98) at 3-month follow up (P < 0.001). The mean scores were 2.69 (SD 0.95) for those who had died (n = 13) and 1.04 (SD 1.15) for those patients who were alive (n = 92) at 12-month follow up (P < 0.001). At 3-month follow up, among the 88 patients with a score of 2 or less, three patients (3.4%) died and among 17 patients with a score of greater than 2, four patients (23.5%) died (P = 0.01). At 12-month follow up, five patients (5.7%) with a score of 2 or less died and eight patients (47.1%) with a score of three or more died (P < 0.0001). The Geneva prognostic score stratifies patients with low and high risk for overall mortality at 3 and 12 months among patients diagnosed with PE by CTPA.
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Cardenas L, Cardoso V, Caride S, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer J, Echols C, Edgar M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Franzen A, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harstad ED, Haughian E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Holt K, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Li C, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Mehmet M, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller A, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Muhammad D, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perraca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaria L, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Scanlan M, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Strain KA, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch JD, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward RL, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zur Mühlen H, Zweizig J. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009; 102:111102. [PMID: 19392186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.111102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Cardenas L, Cardoso V, Caride S, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer J, Echols C, Edgar M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Franzen A, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harstad ED, Haughian E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Holt K, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Li C, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Mehmet M, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller A, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Muhammad D, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perraca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaria L, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Scanlan M, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Strain KA, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch JD, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward RL, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zur Mühlen H, Zweizig J. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009. [PMID: 19392186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.80.042003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Cardenas L, Cardoso V, Caride S, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer J, Echols C, Edgar M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Franzen A, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harstad ED, Haughian E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Holt K, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Li C, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Mehmet M, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller A, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Muhammad D, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perraca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaria L, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Scanlan M, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Strain KA, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch JD, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward RL, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zur Mühlen H, Zweizig J. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009. [PMID: 19392186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.79.022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
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Abbott BP, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin RS, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Baker P, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barsotti L, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Bastarrika M, Behnke B, Benacquista M, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn JK, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks AF, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon KC, Cao J, Cardenas L, Cardoso V, Caride S, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Clayton JH, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt TRC, Cornish N, Coyne DC, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cruise AM, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Danzmann K, Daudert B, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dwyer J, Echols C, Edgar M, Effler A, Ehrens P, Ely G, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Faltas Y, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Foley S, Forrest C, Fotopoulos N, Franzen A, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke TT, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli JA, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin LM, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry GM, Harstad ED, Haughian E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Holt K, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalaidovski A, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kocsis B, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu R, Koranda S, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Landry M, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leonor I, Li C, Lin H, Lindquist PE, Littenberg TB, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandel I, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin IW, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Mehmet M, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller A, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty SD, Moreno G, Mors K, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Muhammad D, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Mullavey A, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray PG, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, Ochsner E, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perraca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab FJ, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Raffai P, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Reed T, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie JH, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Sancho de la Jordana L, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Santamaria L, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Scanlan M, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott J, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sergeev A, Shapiro B, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Strain KA, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Ugolini D, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys MV, van Veggel AA, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch JD, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward RL, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wen L, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker ME, Zur Mühlen H, Zweizig J. All-sky LIGO search for periodic gravitational waves in the early fifth-science-run data. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2009. [PMID: 19392186 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.77.022001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We report on an all-sky search with the LIGO detectors for periodic gravitational waves in the frequency range 50-1100 Hz and with the frequency's time derivative in the range -5 x 10{-9}-0 Hz s{-1}. Data from the first eight months of the fifth LIGO science run (S5) have been used in this search, which is based on a semicoherent method (PowerFlux) of summing strain power. Observing no evidence of periodic gravitational radiation, we report 95% confidence-level upper limits on radiation emitted by any unknown isolated rotating neutron stars within the search range. Strain limits below 10{-24} are obtained over a 200-Hz band, and the sensitivity improvement over previous searches increases the spatial volume sampled by an average factor of about 100 over the entire search band. For a neutron star with nominal equatorial ellipticity of 10{-6}, the search is sensitive to distances as great as 500 pc.
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Abbott B, Abbott R, Adhikari R, Ajith P, Allen B, Allen G, Amin R, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Arain MA, Araya M, Armandula H, Armor P, Aso Y, Aston S, Aufmuth P, Aulbert C, Babak S, Ballmer S, Bantilan H, Barish BC, Barker C, Barker D, Barr B, Barriga P, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bastarrika M, Bayer K, Betzwieser J, Beyersdorf PT, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Biswas R, Black E, Blackburn K, Blackburn L, Blair D, Bland B, Bodiya TP, Bogue L, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Brady PR, Braginsky VB, Brau JE, Brinkmann M, Brooks A, Brown DA, Brunet G, Bullington A, Buonanno A, Burmeister O, Byer RL, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Camp JB, Cannizzo J, Cannon K, Cao J, Cardenas L, Casebolt T, Castaldi G, Cepeda C, Chalkley E, Charlton P, Chatterji S, Chelkowski S, Chen Y, Christensen N, Clark D, Clark J, Cokelaer T, Conte R, Cook D, Corbitt T, Coyne D, Creighton JDE, Cumming A, Cunningham L, Cutler RM, Dalrymple J, Danzmann K, Davies G, Debra D, Degallaix J, Degree M, Dergachev V, Desai S, Desalvo R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz M, Dickson J, Dietz A, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doomes EE, Drever RWP, Duke I, Dumas JC, Dupuis RJ, Dwyer JG, Echols C, Effler A, Ehrens P, Espinoza E, Etzel T, Evans T, Fairhurst S, Fan Y, Fazi D, Fehrmann H, Fejer MM, Finn LS, Flasch K, Fotopoulos N, Freise A, Frey R, Fricke T, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fyffe M, Garofoli J, Gholami I, Giaime JA, Giampanis S, Giardina KD, Goda K, Goetz E, Goggin L, González G, Gossler S, Gouaty R, Grant A, Gras S, Gray C, Gray M, Greenhalgh RJS, Gretarsson AM, Grimaldi F, Grosso R, Grote H, Grunewald S, Guenther M, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hage B, Hallam JM, Hammer D, Hanna C, Hanson J, Harms J, Harry G, Harstad E, Hayama K, Hayler T, Heefner J, Heng IS, Hennessy M, Heptonstall A, Hewitson M, Hild S, Hirose E, Hoak D, Hosken D, Hough J, Huttner SH, Ingram D, Ito M, Ivanov A, Johnson B, Johnson WW, Jones DI, Jones G, Jones R, Ju L, Kalmus P, Kalogera V, Kamat S, Kanner J, Kasprzyk D, Katsavounidis E, Kawabe K, Kawamura S, Kawazoe F, Kells W, Keppel DG, Khalili FY, Khan R, Khazanov E, Kim C, King P, Kissel JS, Klimenko S, Kokeyama K, Kondrashov V, Kopparapu RK, Kozak D, Kozhevatov I, Krishnan B, Kwee P, Lam PK, Landry M, Lang MM, Lantz B, Lazzarini A, Lei M, Leindecker N, Leonhardt V, Leonor I, Libbrecht K, Lin H, Lindquist P, Lockerbie NA, Lodhia D, Lormand M, Lu P, Lubinski M, Lucianetti A, Lück H, Machenschalk B, Macinnis M, Mageswaran M, Mailand K, Mandic V, Márka S, Márka Z, Markosyan A, Markowitz J, Maros E, Martin I, Martin RM, Marx JN, Mason K, Matichard F, Matone L, Matzner R, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McGuire SC, McHugh M, McIntyre G, McIvor G, McKechan D, McKenzie K, Meier T, Melissinos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Meshkov S, Messenger CJ, Meyers D, Miller J, Minelli J, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Moe B, Mohanty S, Moreno G, Mossavi K, Mowlowry C, Mueller G, Mukherjee S, Mukhopadhyay H, Müller-Ebhardt H, Munch J, Murray P, Myers E, Myers J, Nash T, Nelson J, Newton G, Nishizawa A, Numata K, O'Dell J, Ogin G, O'Reilly B, O'Shaughnessy R, Ottaway DJ, Ottens RS, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pan Y, Pankow C, Papa MA, Parameshwaraiah V, Patel P, Pedraza M, Penn S, Perreca A, Petrie T, Pinto IM, Pitkin M, Pletsch HJ, Plissi MV, Postiglione F, Principe M, Prix R, Quetschke V, Raab F, Rabeling DS, Radkins H, Rainer N, Rakhmanov M, Ramsunder M, Rehbein H, Reid S, Reitze DH, Riesen R, Riles K, Rivera B, Robertson NA, Robinson C, Robinson EL, Roddy S, Rodriguez A, Rogan AM, Rollins J, Romano JD, Romie J, Route R, Rowan S, Rüdiger A, Ruet L, Russell P, Ryan K, Sakata S, Samidi M, de la Jordana LS, Sandberg V, Sannibale V, Saraf S, Sarin P, Sathyaprakash BS, Sato S, Saulson PR, Savage R, Savov P, Schediwy SW, Schilling R, Schnabel R, Schofield R, Schutz BF, Schwinberg P, Scott SM, Searle AC, Sears B, Seifert F, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Shawhan P, Shoemaker DH, Sibley A, Siemens X, Sigg D, Sinha S, Sintes AM, Slagmolen BJJ, Slutsky J, Smith JR, Smith MR, Smith ND, Somiya K, Sorazu B, Stein LC, Stochino A, Stone R, Strain KA, Strom DM, Stuver A, Summerscales TZ, Sun KX, Sung M, Sutton PJ, Takahashi H, Tanner DB, Taylor R, Taylor R, Thacker J, Thorne KA, Thorne KS, Thüring A, Tokmakov KV, Torres C, Torrie C, Traylor G, Trias M, Tyler W, Ugolini D, Ulmen J, Urbanek K, Vahlbruch H, Van Den Broeck C, van der Sluys M, Vass S, Vaulin R, Vecchio A, Veitch J, Veitch P, Villar A, Vorvick C, Vyachanin SP, Waldman SJ, Wallace L, Ward H, Ward R, Weinert M, Weinstein A, Weiss R, Wen S, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whitcomb SE, Whiting BF, Wilkinson C, Willems PA, Williams HR, Williams L, Willke B, Wilmut I, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wiseman AG, Woan G, Wooley R, Worden J, Wu W, Yakushin I, Yamamoto H, Yan Z, Yoshida S, Zanolin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhao C, Zotov N, Zucker M, Zweizig J, Barthelmy S, Gehrels N, Hurley KC, Palmer D. Search for gravitational-wave bursts from soft gamma repeaters. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2008; 101:211102. [PMID: 19113401 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.101.211102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a LIGO search for short-duration gravitational waves (GWs) associated with soft gamma ray repeater (SGR) bursts. This is the first search sensitive to neutron star f modes, usually considered the most efficient GW emitting modes. We find no evidence of GWs associated with any SGR burst in a sample consisting of the 27 Dec. 2004 giant flare from SGR 1806-20 and 190 lesser events from SGR 1806-20 and SGR 1900+14. The unprecedented sensitivity of the detectors allows us to set the most stringent limits on transient GW amplitudes published to date. We find upper limit estimates on the model-dependent isotropic GW emission energies (at a nominal distance of 10 kpc) between 3x10;{45} and 9x10;{52} erg depending on waveform type, detector antenna factors and noise characteristics at the time of the burst. These upper limits are within the theoretically predicted range of some SGR models.
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Cai D, Blair D, Dufort FJ, Gumina MR, Huang Z, Hong G, Wagner D, Canahan D, Kempa K, Ren ZF, Chiles TC. Interaction between carbon nanotubes and mammalian cells: characterization by flow cytometry and application. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2008; 19:1-10. [PMID: 19436766 PMCID: PMC2680280 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/19/34/345102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We show herein that CNT-cell complexes are formed in the presence of a magnetic field. The complexes were analyzed by flow cytometry as a quantitative method for monitoring the physical interactions between CNTs and cells. We observed an increase in side scattering signals, where the amplitude was proportional to the amount of CNTs that are associated with cells. Even after the formation of CNT-cell complexes, cell viability was not significantly decreased. The association between CNTs and cells was strong enough to be used for manipulating the complexes and thereby conducting cell separation with magnetic force. In addition, the CNT-cell complexes were also utilized to facilitate electroporation. We observed a time constant from CNT-cell complexes but not from cells alone, indicating a high level of pore formation in cell membranes. Experimentally, we achieved the expression of enhanced green fluorescence protein by using a low electroporation voltage after the formation of CNT-cell complexes. These results suggest that higher transfection efficiency, lower electroporation voltage, and miniaturized setup dimension of electroporation may be accomplished through the CNT strategy outlined herein.
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Wang YK, Chen W, Blair D, Pu M, Xu Y, Miller SJ, Redfield AG, Chiles TC, Roberts MF. Insights into the structural specificity of the cytotoxicity of 3-deoxyphosphatidylinositols. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:7746-55. [PMID: 18498165 DOI: 10.1021/ja710348r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
D-3-deoxyphosphatidylinositol (D-3-deoxy-PI) derivatives have cytotoxic activity against various human cancer cell lines. These phosphatidylinositols have a potentially wide array of targets in the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signaling network. To explore the specificity of these types of molecules, we have synthesized D-3-deoxydioctanoylphosphatidylinositol (D-3-deoxy-diC8PI), D-3,5-dideoxy-diC8PI, and D-3-deoxy-diC8PI-5-phosphate and their enantiomers, characterized their aggregate formation by novel high-resolution field cycling (31)P NMR, and examined their susceptibility to phospholipase C (PLC), their effects on the catalytic activities of PI3K and PTEN against diC8PI and diC8PI-3-phosphate substrates, respectively, and their ability to induce the death of U937 human leukemic monocyte lymphoma cells. Of these molecules, only D-3-deoxy-diC8PI was able to promote cell death; it did so with a median inhibitory concentration of 40 microM, which is much less than the critical micelle concentration of 0.4 mM. Under these conditions, little inhibition of PI3K or PTEN was observed in assays of recombinant enzymes, although the complete series of deoxy-PI compounds did provide insights into ligand binding by PTEN. D-3-deoxy-diC8PI was a poor substrate and not an inhibitor of the PLC enzymes. The in vivo results are consistent with the current thought that the PI analogue acts on Akt1, since the transcription initiation factor eIF4e, which is a downstream signaling target of the PI3K/Akt pathway, exhibited reduced phosphorylation on Ser209. Phosphorylation of Akt1 on Ser473 but not Thr308 was reduced. Since the potent cytotoxicity for U937 cells was completely lost when L-3-deoxy-diC8PI was used as well as when the hydroxyl group at the inositol C5 in D-3-deoxy-diC8PI was modified (by either replacing this group with a hydrogen or phosphorylating it), both the chirality of the phosphatidylinositol moiety and the hydroxyl group at C5 are major determinants of the binding of 3-deoxy-PI to its target in cells.
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Mukherjee P, Mulrooney TJ, Marsh J, Blair D, Chiles TC, Seyfried TN. Differential effects of energy stress on AMPK phosphorylation and apoptosis in experimental brain tumor and normal brain. Mol Cancer 2008; 7:37. [PMID: 18474106 PMCID: PMC2397440 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-7-37] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2007] [Accepted: 05/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is a known physiological cellular energy sensor and becomes phosphorylated at Thr-172 in response to changes in cellular ATP levels. Activated AMPK acts as either an inducer or suppressor of apoptosis depending on the severity of energy stress and the presence or absence of certain functional tumor suppressor genes. Results Here we show that energy stress differentially affects AMPK phosphorylation and cell-death in brain tumor tissue and in tissue from contra-lateral normal brain. We compared TSC2 deficient CT-2A mouse astrocytoma cells with syngeneic normal astrocytes that were grown under identical condition in vitro. Energy stress induced by glucose withdrawal or addition of 2-deoxyglucose caused more ATP depletion, AMPK phosphorylation and apoptosis in CT-2A cells than in the normal astrocytes. Under normal energy conditions pharmacological stimulation of AMPK caused apoptosis in CT-2A cells but not in astrocytes. TSC2 siRNA treated astrocytes are hypersensitive to apoptosis induced by energy stress compared to control cells. AMPK phosphorylation and apoptosis were also greater in the CT-2A tumor tissue than in the normal brain tissue following implementation of dietary energy restriction. Inefficient mTOR and TSC2 signaling, downstream of AMPK, is responsible for CT-2A cell-death, while functional LKB1 may protect normal brain cells under energy stress. Conclusion Together these data demonstrates that AMPK phosphorylation induces apoptosis in mouse astrocytoma but may protect normal brain cells from apoptosis under similar energy stress condition. Therefore, using activator of AMPK along with glycolysis inhibitor could be a potential therapeutic approach for TSC2 deficient human malignant astrocytoma.
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Dufort FJ, Blair D, Bleiman B, Gumina MR, Chiles TC. The role of glucose energy metabolism in B lymphocyte survival responses. FASEB J 2008. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.22.1_supplement.1066.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Dufort FJ, Bleiman BF, Gumina MR, Blair D, Wagner DJ, Roberts MF, Abu-Amer Y, Chiles TC. Cutting edge: IL-4-mediated protection of primary B lymphocytes from apoptosis via Stat6-dependent regulation of glycolytic metabolism. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 179:4953-7. [PMID: 17911579 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.179.8.4953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
IL-4 prevents the death of naive B lymphocytes through the up-regulation of antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl-x(L). Despite studies implicating glucose utilization in growth factor-dependent survival of hemopoietic cells, the role of glucose energy metabolism in maintaining B cell viability by IL-4 is unknown. We show that IL-4 triggers glucose uptake, Glut1 expression, and glycolysis in splenic B cells; this is accompanied by increased cellular ATP. Glycolysis inhibition results in apoptosis, even in the presence of IL-4. IL-4-induced glycolysis occurs normally in B cells deficient in insulin receptor substrate-2 or the p85alpha subunit of PI3K and is not affected by pretreatment with PI3K or MAPK pathway inhibitors. Stat6-deficient B cells exhibit impaired IL-4-induced glycolysis. Cell-permeable, constitutively active Stat6 is effective in restoring IL-4-induced glycolysis in Stat6-deficient B cells. Therefore, besides controlling antiapoptotic proteins, IL-4 mediates B cell survival by regulating glucose energy metabolism via a Stat6-dependent pathway.
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Mahon KP, Potocky TB, Blair D, Roy MD, Stewart KM, Chiles TC, Kelley SO. Deconvolution of the cellular oxidative stress response with organelle-specific Peptide conjugates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 14:923-30. [PMID: 17719491 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2007.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2007] [Revised: 07/03/2007] [Accepted: 07/05/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a deleterious force that must be combated relentlessly by aerobic organisms and is known to underlie many human diseases including atherosclerosis, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease. Information available about the oxidative stress response has come primarily from studies using reactive oxygen species (ROS) with ill-defined locations within the cell. Thus, existing models do not account for possible differences between stress originating within particular regions of the cell. Here, oxidative stress is studied at the subcellular level using ROS-generating compounds localizing within two different organelles: the nucleus and the mitochondrion. Differences in cytotoxicity, gene expression, and survival pathway activation are detected as a function of the subcellular origin of oxidative stress, indicating that independent mechanisms are used to cope with oxidative stress arising in different cellular compartments. These comparative studies, enabled by the development of organelle-specific oxidants, examine the cellular responses to site-specific oxidative stress with heightened precision.
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Subramaniam RM, Blair D, Gilbert K, Coltman G, Sleigh J, Karalus N. Withholding anticoagulation after a negative computed tomography pulmonary angiogram as a stand-alone imaging investigation: a prospective management study. Intern Med J 2007; 37:624-30. [PMID: 17543006 DOI: 10.1111/j.1445-5994.2007.01387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) is essential and it is not clear whether a computed tomography pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) could be used as a stand-alone imaging investigation. The aim of the study was to test the accuracy of the clinical outcome of a negative CTPA as a stand-alone imaging investigation to exclude PE. METHODS Five hundred and thirty-four consecutive patients who had a CTPA for diagnosis or exclusion of PE were recruited from March 2003 to October 2004. Four hundred and ninety-four patients had a helical CTPA as a stand-alone imaging investigation for diagnosis or exclusion of PE. A 3-month post-CTPA follow up was carried out in all patients to establish the clinical outcome accuracy of a negative CTPA as a stand-alone imaging investigation. RESULTS There were 387 (78.3%) negative and 107 (21.7%) positive CTPA examinations. The average age of the patients was 57.16 years (standard deviation 18.57). Among those with a negative CTPA who survived, one patient had deep vein thrombosis and 342 patients had no evidence of an episode of venous thromboembolism or PE at the 3-month follow up. Thirty-eight patients died within the 3-month follow-up period and one patient's death was attributed to suspected PE. The negative predictive value of a CTPA is 99.5% (95% confidence interval 98.1-99.9%). CONCLUSION Helical negative CTPA examination excludes clinically significant PE as a stand-alone imaging investigation. Where concurrent deep vein thrombosis is suspected, lower limb needs to be imaged by ultrasound if the CTPA is negative.
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Guo B, Blair D, Chiles TC, Lowell CA, Rothstein TL. Cutting Edge: B Cell Receptor (BCR) Cross-Talk: The IL-4-Induced Alternate Pathway for BCR Signaling Operates in Parallel with the Classical Pathway, Is Sensitive to Rottlerin, and Depends on Lyn. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007; 178:4726-30. [PMID: 17404251 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.8.4726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
B cell exposure to IL-4 alters subsequent BCR signaling such that ERK phosphorylation becomes signalosome-independent; however, the nature of this new, alternate signaling pathway and its relationship to the classical, signalosome-dependent signaling pathway are not known. In this study, we report that the alternate and classical pathways for BCR signaling are differentially affected by rottlerin, and by Go6976 or LY294002, respectively. Furthermore, in B cells lacking protein kinase C (PKC)beta, the classical pathway for BCR signaling is blocked, whereas the alternate pathway is little affected. Conversely, in B cells lacking Lyn, the alternate pathway for BCR signaling is blocked, whereas the classical pathway is little affected. The rottlerin-sensitive element is not PKCdelta, inasmuch as the alternate pathway is not blocked in PKCdelta-deficient B cells. These results indicate that the rottlerin-sensitive, Lyn-dependent alternate pathway, and the classical pathway, for BCR signaling operate in parallel when BCR engagement follows IL-4 exposure.
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Gumina M, Bleiman B, Dufort F, Blair D, Chiles T. Interleukin-4-mediated protection of primary B lymphocytes from apoptosis through Stat6-dependent up-regulation of glycolytic metabolism (94.16). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.94.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Lymphocytes require extrinsic signals to maintain viability and this occurs, in part, through the up-regulation of anti-apoptotic proteins. Several recent studies have implicated cellular energy metabolism as an important component in preventing cell death following growth factor withdrawal. Interleukin 4 (IL-4) prevents death by neglect of naïve B lymphocytes; however, it is not known whether cellular glucose metabolism is crucial for survival by IL-4. We show herein that IL-4 triggers increased glucose uptake, glucose transporter (Glut1) expression, and glycolysis in splenic B lymphocytes. Inhibition of glycolysis results in apoptosis, despite the presence of IL-4. We demonstrate that insulin receptor substrate-2 and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity are dispensable for IL-4-induced glucose utilization. By contrast, Stat6-deficient B cells exhibit impaired induction of Glut1 and glycolysis by IL-4. These findings establish that a key feature of IL-4 prevention of apoptosis in B cells is to promote glucose utilization via a Stat6-dependent pathway.
This work was supported by USPHS grant AI-49994.
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Guo B, Blair D, Chiles T, Lowell C, Rothstein T. B Cell Receptor Crosstalk: The IL-4-induced Alternate Pathway for BCR Signaling Operates in Parallel with the Classical Pathway, Is Sensitive to Rottlerin, and Depends on Lyn (86.14). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.86.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
B cell exposure to IL-4 alters subsequent B cell receptor signaling such that ERK phosphorylation becomes signalosome-independent; however, the nature of this new, alternate signaling pathway and its relationship to the classical, signalosome-dependent signaling pathway, are not known. Here we report that the alternate and classical pathways for BCR signaling are differentially affected by rottlerin, and by Go6976 or LY294002, respectively. Further, in B cells lacking PKCâ, the classical pathway for BCR signaling is blocked, whereas the alternate pathway is little affected. Conversely, in B cells lacking Lyn, the alternate pathway for BCR signaling is blocked, whereas the classical pathway is little affected. The rottlerin-sensitive element is not PKCä, inasmuch as the alternate pathway as not blocked in PKCä-deficient B cells. These results indicate that the rottlerin-sensitive, Lyn-dependent alternate pathway, and the classical pathway, for BCR signaling operate in parallel when BCR engagement follows IL-4 exposure.
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Blair D, Pu M, Wang YK, Chen W, Xu Y, Miller SJ, Roberts MF, Chiles TC. D-3-deoxy-dioctanoyl-PI induces cell death in the human leukemic monocyte lymphoma cell line U-937 by disruption of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt pathway (89.33). THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2007. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.178.supp.89.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
D-3-deoxy-phosphatidylinositol derivatives have a potentially wide array of targets in the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt signalling pathway. As such, these phosphatidylinositol molecules have been shown to have cytotoxic activity against a variety of human cancer cell lines. Here, we demonstrate that the D-3-deoxy-dioctanoyl-PI (D-diC8PI), but not the L-isomer or D-3,5-dideoxy-diC8PI, is able to induce the death of the U-937 human leukemic monocyte lymphoma cell line, even at low concentrations (<50 μM). In order to further investigate the mechanism of the cytotoxicity of D-3-deoxy-diC8PI we examined its effect on the activity of various molecules in the PI3K/Akt pathway. In vitro, low concentrations (<50 μM) of D-3-deoxy-diC8PI have no significant effect on the activity of PI3K or PTEN. However, incubation of U-937 cells with D-3-deoxy-diC8PI at these concentrations results in significant decreases in phosphorylation of key components of the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, including the transcription initiation factor eIF4e and the translation factor S6 ribosomal protein. These data further delineate the mechanism of action of such cytotoxic D-3-deoxy-PI compounds.
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Faber AC, Dufort FJ, Blair D, Wagner D, Roberts MF, Chiles TC. Inhibition of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-mediated glucose metabolism coincides with resveratrol-induced cell cycle arrest in human diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Biochem Pharmacol 2006; 72:1246-56. [PMID: 16979140 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2006.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2006] [Revised: 08/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2006] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
An abnormally high rate of aerobic glycolysis is characteristic of many transformed cells. Here we report the polyphenolic compound, resveratrol, inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3K) signaling and glucose metabolism, coinciding with cell-cycle arrest, in germinal center (GC)-like LY1 and LY18 human diffuse large B-cell lymphomas (DLBCLs). Specifically, resveratrol inhibited the phosphorylation of Akt, p70 S6K, and S6 ribosomal protein on activation residues. Biochemical analyses and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identified glycolysis as the primary glucose catabolic pathway in LY18 cells. Treatment with the glycolytic inhibitor 2-deoxy-D-glucose, resulted in accumulation of LY18 cells in G0/G1 -phase, underscoring the biological significance of glycolysis in growth. Glycolytic flux was inhibited by the PI-3K inhibitor LY294002, suggesting a requirement for PI-3K activity in glucose catabolism. Importantly, resveratrol treatment resulted in inhibition of glycolysis. Decreased glycolytic flux corresponded to a parallel reduction in the expression of several mRNAs encoding rate-limiting glycolytic enzymes. These results are the first to identify as a mechanism underlying resveratrol-induced growth arrest, the inhibition of glucose catabolism by the glycolytic pathway. Taken together, these results raise the possibility that inhibition of signaling and metabolic pathways that control glycolysis might be effective in therapy of DLBCLs.
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Subramaniam RM, Blair D, Gilbert K, Sleigh J, Karalus N. Computed tomography pulmonary angiogram diagnosis of pulmonary embolism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 50:193-200. [PMID: 16732813 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1673.2006.01561.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Over the last decade, contrast-enhanced spiral CT has been established as a non-invasive alternative to catheter angiography and is now regarded as the first-line imaging investigation for the diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE). The reported sensitivities for the diagnosis of PE of spiral CT vary from 45 to 100% and the specificities vary from 78 to 100%. Prospective outcome studies have shown a high negative predictive value for a single-detector spiral CT for PE. Patients' outcomes were not adversely affected in these studies when anticoagulation was withheld after a negative CT pulmonary angiogram. The main limitation of single-detector spiral CT has been its limited ability to detect isolated subsegmental PE. However, multidetector spiral CT allows evaluation of pulmonary vessels down to sixth-order branches and significantly increases the rate of detection of PE in segmental and subsegmental levels. The interobserver correlations for diagnosis of subsegmental PE with multidetector spiral CT exceed the reproducibility of selective pulmonary angiography. If appropriate equipment is available (multidetector CT), then CT pulmonary angiogram is safe to be used as the first-line imaging investigation for the diagnosis of PE.
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Schuster H, Agada FO, Anderson AR, Jackson RS, Blair D, McGann H, Kelly G. Otitis media and a neck lump--current diagnostic challenges for Paragonimus-like trematode infections. J Infect 2006; 54:e103-6. [PMID: 16824610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinf.2006.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2005] [Revised: 05/20/2006] [Accepted: 05/22/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A 29 year-old Nigerian studying in the UK presented with a neck lump and otitis media. Paragonimus-like trematode eggs were found in the neck lump aspirate. Morphologically these eggs resembled Paragonimus uterobilateralis or Achillurbainia congolensis. We favoured the diagnosis of achillurbainiasis over extrapulmonary paragonimiasis on the basis of clinical features and because we could not amplify DNA sequences using PCR primers specific for Paragonimus species. We discuss current diagnostic challenges for this rare parasitic infection.
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