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Pujadas E, Ibeh N, Hernandez MM, Waluszko A, Sidorenko T, Flores V, Shiffrin B, Chiu N, Young-Francois A, Nowak MD, Paniz-Mondolfi AE, Sordillo EM, Cordon-Cardo C, Houldsworth J, Gitman MR. Comparison of SARS-CoV-2 detection from nasopharyngeal swab samples by the Roche cobas 6800 SARS-CoV-2 test and a laboratory-developed real-time RT-PCR test. J Med Virol 2020; 92:1695-1698. [PMID: 32383179 PMCID: PMC7267546 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The urgent need to implement and rapidly expand testing for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection has led to the development of multiple assays. How these tests perform relative to one another is poorly understood. We evaluated the concordance between the Roche Diagnostics cobas 6800 SARS‐CoV‐2 test and a laboratory‐developed test (LDT) real‐time reverse transcription‐polymerase chain reaction based on a modified Centers for Disease Control and Prevention protocol, for the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in samples submitted to the Clinical Laboratories of the Mount Sinai Health System. A total of 1006 nasopharyngeal swabs in universal transport medium from persons under investigation were tested for SARS‐CoV‐2 as part of routine clinical care using the cobas SARS‐CoV‐2 test with subsequent evaluation by the LDT. Cycle threshold values were analyzed and interpreted as either positive (“detected” or “presumptive positive”), negative (not detected), inconclusive, or invalid. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad Prism 8. The cobas SARS‐CoV‐2 test reported 706 positive and 300 negative results. The LDT reported 640 positive, 323 negative, 34 inconclusive, and 9 invalid results. When excluding inconclusive and invalid results, the overall percent agreement between the two platforms was 95.8%. Cohen's κ coefficient was 0.904 (95% confidence interval, 0.875‐0.933), suggesting almost perfect agreement between both platforms. An overall discordance rate of 4.2% between the two systems may reflect differences in primer sequences, assay limit of detection, or other factors, highlighting the importance of comparing the performance of different testing platforms. In this study, we compared the detection of SARS‐CoV‐2 in clinical samples from patients being evaluated for CoVID‐19 infection by two different RT‐PCR assays, the cobas® 6800 SARS‐CoV‐2 test from Roche Molecular Systems and a laboratory‐developed test (LDT) using the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2019‐nCoV primers and probes. Overall there was excellent agreement between the two tests methods, although our results suggest that the cobas® SARSCoV‐2 test may have a lower limit of detection than the LDT.
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Paniz-Mondolfi AE, Sordillo EM, Márquez-Colmenarez MC, Delgado-Noguera LA, Rodriguez-Morales AJ. The arrival of SARS-CoV-2 in Venezuela. Lancet 2020; 395:e85-e86. [PMID: 32380043 PMCID: PMC7198211 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(20)31053-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Sordillo EM, Gitman M, Nowak MD, Paniz Mondolfi AE. Treatment of Severe Malaria in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2020; 172:225. [PMID: 32016325 DOI: 10.7326/l19-0675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Paniz Mondolfi AE, Madigan R, Perez-Garcia L, Sordillo EM. Chagas Disease Endemism in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2020; 70:717-718. [PMID: 31152590 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Paniz Mondolfi AE, Sordillo EM. Invited editorial: zoonotic lymphatic filariasis in the Americas: trends in epidemiology, diagnosis and treatment, with special emphasis on brugian filariasis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 9:161-3. [PMID: 25851428 DOI: 10.2174/1574891x10666150408161841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Paniz-Mondolfi P, Pang Y, Cohen S, Balderacchi J, Tsveniashvili L, Polsky B, Sordillo EM. Lymphoepithelioma-like gastric carcinoma: an unusual consequence of Epstein-Barr virus infection in an HIV-infected woman. Int J STD AIDS 2013; 24:59-62. [PMID: 23440571 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2012.012131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lymphoepithelioma-like-gastric carcinoma (LEL-GC) is an Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated neoplasm of the stomach reported to have a better prognosis than conventional gastric adenocarcinoma. Unlike other EBV-associated malignancies, particularly lymphoproliferative disorders and undifferentiated nasopharyngeal carcinoma, for which risk has been shown to increase in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, LEL-GC remains rare; only one HIV-infected patient with LEL-GC has been reported previously. We describe an aggressive case of EBV-associated LEL-GC in a woman co-infected with HIV 1 and hepatitis C virus. In situ hybridization of an endoscopic biopsy specimen for EBV-encoded small RNA confirmed the presence of this agent exclusively in the gastric cancer cells. Our patient had recently started antiretroviral therapy, suggesting that immune reconstitution may have been a factor in presentation of this tumour.
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Doi Y, Park YS, Rivera JI, Adams-Haduch JM, Hingwe A, Sordillo EM, Lewis JS, Howard WJ, Johnson LE, Polsky B, Jorgensen JH, Richter SS, Shutt KA, Paterson DL. Community-associated extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli infection in the United States. Clin Infect Dis 2012; 56:641-8. [PMID: 23150211 DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. The occurrence of community-associated infections due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli has been recognized as a major clinical problem in Europe and other regions. Methods. We conducted a prospective observational study to examine the occurrence of community-associated infections due to ESBL-producing E. coli at centers in the United States. Five academic and community hospitals and their affiliated clinics participated in this study in 2009 and 2010. Sites of acquisition of the organisms (community-associated or healthcare-associated), risk factors, and clinical outcome were investigated. Screening for the global epidemic sequence type (ST) 131 and determination of the ESBL types was conducted by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. Results. Of the 291 patients infected or colonized with ESBL-producing E. coli as outpatients or within 48 hours of hospitalization, 107 (36.8%) had community-associated infection (81.5% of which represented urinary tract infection), while the remainder had healthcare-associated infection. Independent risk factors for healthcare-associated infection over community-associated infection were the presence of cardiovascular disease, chronic renal failure, dementia, solid organ malignancy, and hospitalization within the previous 12 months. Of the community-associated infections, 54.2% were caused by the globally epidemic ST131 strain, and 91.3% of the isolates produced CTX-M-type ESBL. Conclusions. A substantial portion of community-onset, ESBL-producing E. coli infections now occur among patients without discernible healthcare-associated risk factors in the United States. This epidemiologic shift has implications for the empiric management of community-associated infection when involvement of E. coli is suspected.
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Sandkovsky U, Sandkovsky G, Sordillo EM, Polsky B. Rhodococcus equi infection after reduction mammaplasty in an immunocompetent patient. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2011; 53:291-4. [PMID: 22012456 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652011000500009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Accepted: 08/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The majority of infections caused by R. equi occur in hosts with some degree of cell-mediated immunodeficiency. Immunocompetent individuals are infrequently affected and usually present with localized disease. Infections of the skin or related structures are uncommon and are usually related to environmental contamination. The microbiology laboratory plays a key role in the identification of the organism since it may be mistaken for common skin flora. We describe a 31 year-old woman without medical problems who presented nine weeks after breast reduction with right breast cellulitis and purulent drainage from the surgical wound. She underwent incision and drainage, and cultures of the wound yielded Rhodococcus equi. The patient completed six weeks of antimicrobial therapy with moxifloxacin and rifampin with complete resolution.
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Balcacer-Estevez D, Paniz Mondolfi AE, Zivin-Tutela T, Zappi E, Sordillo EM, Polsky B. Multiple skin nodules in a recreational gardener from New York. Clin Exp Dermatol 2011; 36:438-40. [PMID: 21564187 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2010.03959.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Shirin H, Moss SF, Kancherla S, Kancherla K, Holt PR, Weinstein IB, Sordillo EM. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have bacteriostatic and bactericidal activity against Helicobacter pylori. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2006; 21:1388-93. [PMID: 16911681 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1746.2006.04194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori infection and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are each associated with gastrointestinal mucosal damage, but the extent and direction of their interactions remain controversial. Therefore, the purpose of the present paper was to examine whether specific NSAIDs inhibit the growth of Helicobacter pylori in vitro. METHODS Sodium salicylate, ibuprofen, indomethacin, the selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor NS-398 and two derivatives of sulindac sulfoxide were tested against two laboratory strains of H. pylori, the mouse-adapted Sydney strain, and against seven fresh clinical isolates of Helicobacter pylori. Possible effects on Campylobacter jejuni, Staphyloccoccus aureus, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium, and Shigella boydii were also examined. RESULTS Certain NSAIDs possess antibacterial activity against Helicobacter pylori at therapeutically achievable doses; an effect that appears to be independent of cyclooxygenase enzymes inhibition. For Helicobacter pylori, >90% growth inhibition and bactericidal activity were observed consistently for sulindac sulfide at < or =70 microg/mL and sulindac sulfone at < or =175 microg/mL. The minimal inhibitory concentration against Helicobacter pylori was 125 microg/mL for ibuprofen, 100 microg/mL for indomethacin and 300 microg/mL for NS-398 but much higher concentration of sodium salicylate (4000 microg/mL) and sulindac sulfoxide (> or =1250 microg/mL) were required to inhibit the growth of Helicobacter pylori. CONCLUSIONS The decreased prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in specimens from some NSAID users and the chemopreventive effects of NSAIDs in gastric cancer may be related to inhibition of Helicobacter pylori growth.
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Birnbach DJ, Meadows W, Stein DJ, Murray O, Thys DM, Sordillo EM. Comparison of povidone iodine and DuraPrep, an iodophor-in-isopropyl alcohol solution, for skin disinfection prior to epidural catheter insertion in parturients. Anesthesiology 2003; 98:164-9. [PMID: 12502993 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-200301000-00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although rare, infectious sequelae of epidural analgesia can occur. A recently marketed antiseptic solution (DuraPrep) which contains an iodophor in isopropyl alcohol, may provide enhanced and longer-lasting antimicrobial activity and thus be useful in the obstetric setting. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antisepsis achieved with DuraPrep compared with povidone iodine (PI). METHODS Sixty women in active labor who requested epidural analgesia were randomly assigned to receive skin preparation with either PI or DuraPrep solution. A total of three cultures were obtained from each subject. The first was obtained just prior to skin disinfection, the second was obtained immediately following antisepsis, and the third was obtained just before removal of the catheter. In addition, the distal tip of the catheter was also submitted for culture. RESULTS The clinical characteristics and the risk factors for infection were similar in the two groups. The proportion of subjects with positive skin cultures immediately after skin disinfection differed significantly between the PI and DuraPrep groups (30 3%, respectively, P = 0.01). The number of subjects with any positive skin cultures at the time of catheter removal was greater in the PI group as compared to the DuraPrep group (97 50%, respectively, P = 0.0001), as was the number of organisms cultured from skin (log CFU 1.93 +/- 0.40 0.90 +/- 0.23, respectively, P = 0.03). Six catheters, all from the PI group, yielded positive cultures by the roll-plate technique. CONCLUSION As compared to PI, DuraPrep solution was found to provide a greater decrease in the number of positive skin cultures immediately after disinfection, as well as in bacterial regrowth and colonization of the epidural catheters.
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Iwata K, Smith BA, Santos E, Polsky B, Sordillo EM. Failure to implement respiratory isolation: why does it happen? Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2002; 23:595-9. [PMID: 12400889 DOI: 10.1086/501977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory isolation for 90% of individuals with acid-fast bacillus (AFB)-smear-positive tuberculosis (TB) is a recommended performance indicator in recent Infectious Diseases Society of America and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines. However, compliance with respiratory isolation reported from multiple centers in the United States and Europe falls short of that goal. OBJECTIVE To identify missed clues in TB patients who are not appropriately isolated. DESIGN Retrospective survey. SETTING A 900-bed voluntary hospital. PATIENTS All patients with AFB-smear-positive TB admitted between January 1995 and December 1999 who were not appropriately isolated. RESULTS There were 173 TB cases admitted, including 106 with pulmonary TB. AFB smears were positive in 82 cases; 24 (29%) of these were not appropriately isolated. During the study period, the number of TB cases declined, but the proportion of appropriately isolated patients did not change. Most isolation failure cases were men (median age, 45.5 years); 21 of these patients were black, 2 were Hispanic white, and 1 was Asian, but none was non-Hispanic white. All isolation failure cases had at least one characteristic predictive of TB that could have been elicited at admission (eg, abnormal chest radiograph findings consistent with TB, fever, weight loss, a history of TB, a positive result on tuberculin skin test, hemoptysis, and human immunodeficiency virus infection). CONCLUSION Consistent with experiences at other hospitals, we found that the rate of isolation failure remained unchanged despite an overall decline in TB cases. In our experience, almost all isolation failures could be avoided by careful review of the history, physical examination, and chest radiograph for characteristics classically considered predictive of TB.
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Pearse RN, Sordillo EM, Yaccoby S, Wong BR, Liau DF, Colman N, Michaeli J, Epstein J, Choi Y. Multiple myeloma disrupts the TRANCE/ osteoprotegerin cytokine axis to trigger bone destruction and promote tumor progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:11581-6. [PMID: 11562486 PMCID: PMC58772 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.201394498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone destruction, caused by aberrant production and activation of osteoclasts, is a prominent feature of multiple myeloma. We demonstrate that myeloma stimulates osteoclastogenesis by triggering a coordinated increase in the tumor necrosis factor-related activation-induced cytokine (TRANCE) and decrease in its decoy receptor, osteoprotegerin (OPG). Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization studies of bone marrow specimens indicate that in vivo, deregulation of the TRANCE-OPG cytokine axis occurs in myeloma, but not in the limited plasma cell disorder monoclonal gammopathy of unknown significance or in nonmyeloma hematologic malignancies. In coculture, myeloma cell lines stimulate expression of TRANCE and inhibit expression of OPG by stromal cells. Osteoclastogenesis, the functional consequence of increased TRANCE expression, is counteracted by addition of a recombinant TRANCE inhibitor, RANK-Fc, to marrow/myeloma cocultures. Myeloma-stroma interaction also has been postulated to support progression of the malignant clone. In the SCID-hu murine model of human myeloma, administration of RANK-Fc both prevents myeloma-induced bone destruction and interferes with myeloma progression. Our data identify TRANCE and OPG as key cytokines whose deregulation promotes bone destruction and supports myeloma growth.
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Tokars JI, McKinley GF, Otten J, Woodley C, Sordillo EM, Caldwell J, Liss CM, Gilligan ME, Diem L, Onorato IM, Jarvis WR. Use and efficacy of tuberculosis infection control practices at hospitals with previous outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2001; 22:449-55. [PMID: 11583215 DOI: 10.1086/501933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the implementation and efficacy of selected Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines for preventing spread of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. DESIGN Analysis of prospective observational data. SETTING Two medical centers where outbreaks of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) had occurred. PARTICIPANTS All hospital inpatients who had active TB or who were placed in TB isolation and healthcare workers who were assigned to selected wards on which TB patients were treated. METHODS During 1995 to 1997, study personnel prospectively recorded information on patients who had TB or were in TB isolation, performed observations of TB isolation rooms, and recorded tuberculin skin-test results of healthcare workers. Genetic typing of M tuberculosis isolates was performed by restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS We found that only 8.6% of patients placed in TB isolation proved to have TB; yet, 19% of patients with pulmonary TB were not isolated on the first day of hospital admission. Specimens were ordered for acid-fast bacillus smear and results received promptly, and most TB isolation rooms were under negative pressure. Among persons entering TB isolation rooms, 44.2% to 97.1% used an appropriate (particulate, high-efficiency particulate air or N95) respirator, depending on the hospital and year; others entering the rooms used a surgical mask or nothing. We did not find evidence of transmission of TB among healthcare workers (based on tuberculin skin-test results) or patients (based on epidemiological investigation and genetic typing). CONCLUSIONS We found problems in implementation of some TB infection control measures, but no evidence of healthcare-associated transmission, possibly in part because of limitations in the number of patients and workers studied. Similar evaluations should be performed at hospitals treating TB patients to find inadequacies and guide improvements in infection control.
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Shirin H, Pinto JT, Liu LU, Merzianu M, Sordillo EM, Moss SF. Helicobacter pylori decreases gastric mucosal glutathione. Cancer Lett 2001; 164:127-33. [PMID: 11179826 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(01)00383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Activation of oxidative stress pathways may contribute to gastric epithelial damage and mutagenesis caused by Helicobacter pylori. We measured the effect of H. pylori on the concentrations of reduced glutathione (GSH), an important endogenous defense against oxidant damage, in gastric epithelial cells in vivo and in vitro. GSH concentrations were significantly lower in gastric biopsies from 19 H. pylori-infected patients than 38 normal controls, and correlated inversely with inflammatory cell numbers. In vitro, H. pylori initially increased GSH levels in AGS cells, but subsequently depleted intracellular GSH stores completely after 24 h. No GSH was detected in H. pylori. Our data suggest that diminished GSH levels with H. pylori colonization of the gastric mucosa may be due to a direct effect of the bacterium as well as through the associated inflammatory response.
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Moss SF, Sordillo EM, Abdalla AM, Makarov V, Hanzely Z, Perez-Perez GI, Blaser MJ, Holt PR. Increased gastric epithelial cell apoptosis associated with colonization with cagA + Helicobacter pylori strains. Cancer Res 2001; 61:1406-11. [PMID: 11245442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
Gastric colonization by Helicobacter pylori is a risk factor for noncardia gastric cancer. The association between H. pylori and cancer may be attributable to increased epithelial cell turnover, possibly related to antigastric antibodies. Two previous studies reported a disproportionate increase in proliferation relative to apoptosis in patients with H. pylori strains expressing the virulence-related cagA gene. This has led to the hypothesis that an abrogation of apoptosis by cagA-positive strains may promote neoplasia. We, therefore, examined the effect of H. pylori on gastric epithelial proliferation, apoptosis, and the presence of serum antiparietal cell antibodies in a large prospective study. Proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated "blindly" using validated immunohistochemical methods in two antral and two gastric corpus biopsies from 60 patients with nonulcer dyspepsia, and results were correlated with the presence of serum antiparietal cell antibodies. H. pylori colonization was assessed by histology, biopsy urease test, and serology. Proliferation was increased 2-fold in both antrum and corpus in H. pylori-positive patients, was not related to H. pylori cagA status, and was positively correlated with histological gastritis. Apoptosis was increased in the antrum and body only in patients with cagA-positive H. pylori strains. Antiparietal cell antibodies were not more prevalent in H. pylori colonization, and their presence was inversely related to epithelial apoptosis scores we therefore conclude that in patients with nonulcer dyspepsia, H. pylori carriage is associated with increased proliferation. Futhermore the cag pathogenicity island is associated with increased apoptosis. Our results do not support the hypothesis that there is a relative deficiency of gastric epithelial cell apoptosis associated with the carriage of cagA-positive strains. Host factors may be more important than bacterial products in determining the long-term outcome of H. pylori colonization.
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Shirin H, Sordillo EM, Kolevska TK, Hibshoosh H, Kawabata Y, Oh SH, Kuebler JF, Delohery T, Weghorst CM, Weinstein IB, Moss SF. Chronic Helicobacter pylori infection induces an apoptosis-resistant phenotype associated with decreased expression of p27(kip1). Infect Immun 2000; 68:5321-8. [PMID: 10948161 PMCID: PMC101795 DOI: 10.1128/iai.68.9.5321-5328.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori infection is associated with the development of gastric cancer. In short-term coculture with AGS gastric cells, H. pylori inhibits cell cycle progression and induces dose-dependent apoptosis. Based on the concept that an imbalance between proliferation and apoptosis may contribute to the emergence of gastric cancer, we chronically exposed AGS cells to H. pylori as a model of chronic exposure in humans. The AGS derivatives selected by this process were stably resistant not only to H. pylori-induced apoptosis but also to apoptosis induced by other enteric bacteria and by several toxic agents including radiation and cancer chemotherapy. Like the parental AGS cells, the derivatives underwent G(1)/S-phase cell cycle inhibition in response to H. pylori. The AGS derivatives displayed a marked decrease in cellular levels of the cell cycle control protein p27(kip1). We found a similar decrease in epithelial cell p27(kip1) expression in gastric biopsy specimens from H. pylori-infected patients. These findings are consistent with observations that link decreases in the p27(kip1) level to increased susceptibility to cancer in mice with p27(kip1) deleted and to a poor prognosis of gastric cancer in humans. This is the first demonstration that bacterial infection can lead to apoptosis resistance and to cross-resistance to other inducers of apoptosis such as bacteria, chemotherapeutic agents, and radiation. The development of apoptosis resistance and downmodulation of p27(kip1) may contribute to the increased risk for gastric cancer observed in humans chronically exposed to H. pylori.
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Shirin H, Sordillo EM, Oh SH, Yamamoto H, Delohery T, Weinstein IB, Moss SF. Helicobacter pylori inhibits the G1 to S transition in AGS gastric epithelial cells. Cancer Res 1999; 59:2277-81. [PMID: 10344728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Infection with the bacterium Helicobacter pylori is associated epidemiologically with development of gastric cancer. To better understand the role of H. pylori in carcinogenesis, we examined the effects of H. pylori on cell cycle-related events in the AGS gastric cancer cell line. During coculture, wild-type, toxigenic, cagA-positive H. pylori induced both apoptosis and inhibition of cell cycle progression at G1-S in AGS cells. These effects were most apparent in AGS cells synchronized by serum-deprivation and then stimulated to progress through the cell cycle by refeeding. An isogenic cagA-negative mutant H. pylori, produced similar effects. In contrast to changes induced by 5-fluorouracil, the inhibition of cell cycle progression from G1 to S caused by H. pylori was not accompanied by sustained changes in p53 or p21cip1, but was associated with reduced expression of p27kip1 and inhibition of transcriptional activation of the serum-response element of c-fos. Our results indicate that H. pylori inhibits cell cycle progression at G1-S and induces apoptosis, associated with reduced expression of p27kip1 in AGS gastric cancer cells. In vivo, similar effects as a result of H. pylori infection may lead to potentially deleterious compensatory hyperproliferation by nonneoplastic gastric epithelial cells.
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Gandhi V, Patel K, Sordillo EM. Failure of Alatrofloxacin in Patients with Deep Surgical Infection. Drugs 1999. [DOI: 10.2165/00003495-199958002-00100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Sordillo EM, Belch J, Bembry M, Berezney M, Deschamps C, Giglio P, Hadaway A, Hector BO, Hoehl B, Kshatriya R, Murray O, Nalewejski Z, Pagoda M, Polkowski A, Shaw M, Sheldon C, Pinck-Sperber B, Sulit C, Thomas T, Weizel S. Adherence to testing criteria can minimize false-positive results for Escherichia coli O157. J Clin Microbiol 1998; 36:3112. [PMID: 9841245 PMCID: PMC105130 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.36.10.3112-3112.1998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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Abdalla AM, Sordillo EM, Hanzely Z, Perez-Perez GI, Blaser MJ, Holt PR, Moss SF. Insensitivity of the CLOtest for H. pylori, especially in the elderly. Gastroenterology 1998. [PMID: 9659344 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5085(98)70401-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Sordillo EM, Hoehl B, Belch J. False-negative fluorescent treponemal tests and confirmation of syphilis infection. J Infect Dis 1998; 178:294-5. [PMID: 9652459 DOI: 10.1086/515609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Birnbach DJ, Stein DJ, Murray O, Thys DM, Sordillo EM. Povidone iodine and skin disinfection before initiation of epidural anesthesia. Anesthesiology 1998; 88:668-72. [PMID: 9523810 DOI: 10.1097/00000542-199803000-00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Povidone iodine (PI) solution is used commonly for skin disinfection before epidural and spinal anesthesia. Although there have been reports indicating the presence of microbial contaminants in PI solution, none have evaluated the prevalence of PI contamination. The aims of this study were to assess the frequency of bacterial contamination of previously opened bottles of PI solution and to compare the effectiveness of new and previously opened bottles of PI solution for skin disinfection. METHODS Twenty previously opened and ten previously unopened multiple-use bottles of PI solution were evaluated for microbial contamination. In addition, final swabs and PI solution used for skin disinfection in 80 patients undergoing elective epidural analgesia were evaluated. RESULTS The inside of the bottle cap or the PI solution from 40% of the multiple-use PI bottles in use were contaminated. There was no growth from any previously unused PI bottles. Povidone iodine from newly opened bottles provided more effective skin decontamination than did solution from previously opened bottles. CONCLUSIONS Multiple-use PI bottles in normal use may become contaminated by bacteria. In addition, PI solution from previously opened bottles was less effective than PI from previously unopened bottles. Based on these findings, if PI solution is chosen for skin antisepsis before initiation of epidural and spinal anesthesia, only single-use containers should be used.
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Minamoto GY, Sordillo EM. Disseminated nocardiosis in a patient with AIDS: diagnosis by blood and cerebrospinal fluid cultures. Clin Infect Dis 1998; 26:242-3. [PMID: 9455575 DOI: 10.1086/517039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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