26
|
Green V, Foster H, Wade M, England J, Greenman J. Isolation and Characterisation of Graves’ Disease-Specific Extracellular Vesicles from Tissue Maintained on a Bespoke Microfluidic Device. Br J Surg 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znac056.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Inflammation, a characteristic of Graves’ disease, leads to opthalmopathy in 30–50% of Graves’ disease patients, and even blindness (5% of cases). Despite extensive research the pathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. This report demonstrates the maintenance of human Graves’ disease tissue ex vivo with subsequent isolation and characterisation of Graves’ disease specific exosomes.
Methods
Human tissue biopsies from Graves’ disease (n=11) and non-Graves’ disease (Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, n=3; follicular adenoma, n=1) were incubated in microfluidic devices for 6 days ± dexamethasone or methimazole, and effluent was analysed for size and concentration of extracellular vesicles (EV) using nanoparticle tracking. Exosomes isolated by ultracentrifugation were characterised using Western blotting and qRT-PCR for miRNA-146a and -155.
Results
Tissue specific EV were detected in all effluent samples. No consistent difference in EV concentration or size was observed in EV released from Graves’ compared to non-Graves’ disease tissue and no effect of treatment was evident. The exosome markers CD63 and CD81 were detectable in 2/5 Graves’ disease EV and CD63 was also evident in EV from a single non-Graves’ sample. miRNA-146a and -155 were detectable in all samples, with no difference between tissue cohorts. Treatment did not influence miRNA expression in EV from Graves’ disease tissue. Although miRNA-146a and -155 were elevated following treatment of non-Graves’ disease tissue with dexamethasone and methimazole, the increase was not significant, likely due to small sample size.
Conclusion
This preliminary study presents a unique method for isolation and characterisation of tissue specific EV for investigating disease pathogenesis and progression.
Collapse
|
27
|
Barton-Maclaren TS, Wade M, Basu N, Bayen S, Grundy J, Marlatt V, Moore R, Parent L, Parrott J, Grigorova P, Pinsonnault-Cooper J, Langlois VS. Innovation in regulatory approaches for endocrine disrupting chemicals: The journey to risk assessment modernization in Canada. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112225. [PMID: 34666016 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Globally, regulatory authorities grapple with the challenge of assessing the hazards and risks to human and ecosystem health that may result from exposure to chemicals that disrupt the normal functioning of endocrine systems. Rapidly increasing number of chemicals in commerce, coupled with the reliance on traditional, costly animal experiments for hazard characterization - often with limited sensitivity to many important mechanisms of endocrine disruption -, presents ongoing challenges for chemical regulation. The consequence is a limited number of chemicals for which there is sufficient data to assess if there is endocrine toxicity and hence few chemicals with thorough hazard characterization. To address this challenge, regulatory assessment of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) is benefiting from a revolution in toxicology that focuses on New Approach Methodologies (NAMs) to more rapidly identify, prioritize, and assess the potential risks from exposure to chemicals using novel, more efficient, and more mechanistically driven methodologies and tools. Incorporated into Integrated Approaches to Testing and Assessment (IATA) and guided by conceptual frameworks such as Adverse Outcome Pathways (AOPs), emerging approaches focus initially on molecular interactions between the test chemical and potentially vulnerable biological systems instead of the need for animal toxicity data. These new toxicity testing methods can be complemented with in silico and computational toxicology approaches, including those that predict chemical kinetics. Coupled with exposure data, these will inform risk-based decision-making approaches. Canada is part of a global network collaborating on building confidence in the use of NAMs for regulatory assessment of EDCs. Herein, we review the current approaches to EDC regulation globally (mainly from the perspective of human health), and provide a perspective on how the advances for regulatory testing and assessment can be applied and discuss the promises and challenges faced in adopting these novel approaches to minimize risks due to EDC exposure in Canada, and our world.
Collapse
|
28
|
Delbes G, Blázquez M, Fernandino JI, Grigorova P, Hales BF, Metcalfe C, Navarro-Martín L, Parent L, Robaire B, Rwigemera A, Van Der Kraak G, Wade M, Marlatt V. Effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals on gonad development: Mechanistic insights from fish and mammals. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2022; 204:112040. [PMID: 34509487 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over the past century, evidence has emerged that endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) have an impact on reproductive health. An increased frequency of reproductive disorders has been observed worldwide in both wildlife and humans that is correlated with accidental exposures to EDCs and their increased production. Epidemiological and experimental studies have highlighted the consequences of early exposures and the existence of key windows of sensitivity during development. Such early in life exposures can have an immediate impact on gonadal and reproductive tract development, as well as on long-term reproductive health in both males and females. Traditionally, EDCs were thought to exert their effects by modifying the endocrine pathways controlling reproduction. Advances in knowledge of the mechanisms regulating sex determination, differentiation and gonadal development in fish and rodents have led to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying the effects of early exposure to EDCs on reproduction. In this manuscript, we review the key developmental stages sensitive to EDCs and the state of knowledge on the mechanisms by which model EDCs affect these processes, based on the roadmap of gonad development specific to fish and mammals.
Collapse
|
29
|
Mukerji CE, Wade M, Fox NA, Zeanah CH, Nelson CA. Growth in self-regulation over the course of adolescence mediates the effects of foster care on psychopathology in post-institutionalized children: a randomized clinical trial. Clin Psychol Sci 2021; 9:810-822. [PMID: 34888125 DOI: 10.1177/2167702621993887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Children reared in institutions experience severe psychosocial deprivation, with lasting consequences for social and emotional development. This study evaluated growth trajectories of self-regulation from ages 8 to 16 among institutionally-reared children randomized to foster care (foster care group; FCG) or to remain in institutional care (care as usual group; CAUG), compared to a never-institutionalized group (NIG). We then tested a developmental pathway by which growth in self-regulation reduces general psychopathology at 16 for FCG versus CAUG. FCG experienced modest growth in self-regulation over adolescence and "caught up" to NIG by age 16. The beneficial effect of foster care on psychopathology operated through growth in self-regulation; part of this effect was further mediated by reduced peer difficulties for FCG. Findings reveal that the effects of foster care on self-regulation emerge over adolescence and that growth in self-regulation is a mechanism by which foster care mitigates the impact of institutionalization on psychopathology.
Collapse
|
30
|
Jia W, Yamamoto H, Kuns K, Effler A, Evans M, Fritschel P, Abbott R, Adams C, Adhikari RX, Ananyeva A, Appert S, Arai K, Areeda JS, Asali Y, Aston SM, Austin C, Baer AM, Ball M, Ballmer SW, Banagiri S, Barker D, Barsotti L, Bartlett J, Berger BK, Betzwieser J, Bhattacharjee D, Billingsley G, Biscans S, Blair CD, Blair RM, Bode N, Booker P, Bork R, Bramley A, Brooks AF, Brown DD, Buikema A, Cahillane C, Cannon KC, Chen X, Ciobanu AA, Clara F, Compton CM, Cooper SJ, Corley KR, Countryman ST, Covas PB, Coyne DC, Datrier LEH, Davis D, Di Fronzo C, Dooley KL, Driggers JC, Dupej P, Dwyer SE, Etzel T, Evans TM, Feicht J, Fernandez-Galiana A, Frolov VV, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Godwin P, Goetz E, Gras S, Gray C, Gray R, Green AC, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hall ED, Hanks J, Hanson J, Hardwick T, Hasskew RK, Heintze MC, Helmling-Cornell AF, Holland NA, Jones JD, Kandhasamy S, Karki S, Kasprzack M, Kawabe K, Kijbunchoo N, King PJ, Kissel JS, Kumar R, Landry M, Lane BB, Lantz B, Laxen M, Lecoeuche YK, Leviton J, Liu J, Lormand M, Lundgren AP, Macas R, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, Mansell GL, Márka S, Márka Z, Martynov DV, Mason K, Massinger TJ, Matichard F, Mavalvala N, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McCormick S, McCuller L, McIver J, McRae T, Mendell G, Merfeld K, Merilh EL, Meylahn F, Mistry T, Mittleman R, Moreno G, Mow-Lowry CM, Mozzon S, Mullavey A, Nelson TJN, Nguyen P, Nuttall LK, Oberling J, Oram RJ, Osthelder C, Ottaway DJ, Overmier H, Palamos JR, Parker W, Payne E, Pele A, Penhorwood R, Perez CJ, Pirello M, Radkins H, Ramirez KE, Richardson JW, Riles K, Robertson NA, Rollins JG, Romel CL, Romie JH, Ross MP, Ryan K, Sadecki T, Sanchez EJ, Sanchez LE, Saravanan TR, Savage RL, Schaetzl D, Schnabel R, Schofield RMS, Schwartz E, Sellers D, Shaffer T, Sigg D, Slagmolen BJJ, Smith JR, Soni S, Sorazu B, Spencer AP, Strain KA, Sun L, Szczepańczyk MJ, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Toland K, Torrie CI, Traylor G, Tse M, Urban AL, Vajente G, Valdes G, Vander-Hyde DC, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Venugopalan G, Viets AD, Vo T, Vorvick C, Wade M, Ward RL, Warner J, Weaver B, Weiss R, Whittle C, Willke B, Wipf CC, Xiao L, Yu H, Yu H, Zhang L, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Point Absorber Limits to Future Gravitational-Wave Detectors. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:241102. [PMID: 34951783 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.241102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
High-quality optical resonant cavities require low optical loss, typically on the scale of parts per million. However, unintended micron-scale contaminants on the resonator mirrors that absorb the light circulating in the cavity can deform the surface thermoelastically and thus increase losses by scattering light out of the resonant mode. The point absorber effect is a limiting factor in some high-power cavity experiments, for example, the Advanced LIGO gravitational-wave detector. In this Letter, we present a general approach to the point absorber effect from first principles and simulate its contribution to the increased scattering. The achievable circulating power in current and future gravitational-wave detectors is calculated statistically given different point absorber configurations. Our formulation is further confirmed experimentally in comparison with the scattered power in the arm cavity of Advanced LIGO measured by in situ photodiodes. The understanding presented here provides an important tool in the global effort to design future gravitational-wave detectors that support high optical power and thus reduce quantum noise.
Collapse
|
31
|
Cummins DM, Marshall C, Asfour L, Bryden A, Champagne C, Chiang YZ, Fairhurst D, Farrant P, Heal C, Holmes S, Joliffe V, Jones J, Kaur MR, Meah N, Messenger A, Mowbray M, Takwale A, Tziotzios C, Wade M, Wong S, Zaheri S, Harries M. Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia survey of severity assessment methods in routine clinical practice and validation of the IFFACG measurement guidance. Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:903-909. [PMID: 34826169 DOI: 10.1111/ced.15035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lack of validated and responsive outcome measures in the management of Frontal Fibrosing Alopecia (FFA) significantly limits our ability to assess disease progression and treatment response over time. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to understand how FFA extent and progression is currently assessed in UK specialist centres, validate components of the International FFA Cooperative Group (IFFACG) statement on FFA assessment, and identify pragmatic advice to improve FFA management in clinic. METHODS Consultant Dermatologists with a specialist interest in hair loss (n=17) were invited to take part. Preferred FFA assessment methods were explored using questionnaires and clinical scenarios. Participants were asked to identify and mark the current hairline in 10 frontal and 10 temporal hairline images, with assessment repeated 3 months later (to assess intra-individual variability) and 12 months later (to test whether inter-individual accuracy could be improved with simple instruction). RESULTS All 17 clinicians (100%) completed the questionnaire at each time interval. We identified a wide variation in assessment techniques between our experts. Measurements were perceived as the most accurate method of assessing frontal recession whereas photography was preferred for temporal recession. Inter-rater reliability between clinicians measuring the frontal hairline scenarios indicated a moderate strength of agreement (ICC 0.613; 95% CI: 0.398 to 0.848), yet intra-rater reliability was found to be poor with wide limits of agreement (-8.71mm to 9.92mm) on follow-up. Importantly, when clear guidance was provided on how the hairline should be identified (questionnaire 3), inter-rater reliability improved significantly, with an ICC 0.702 suggesting moderate agreement (95% CI: 0.508 to 0.890; p<0.001). A similar pattern was seen with temporal hairline measurements, which again improved in accuracy with instruction. CONCLUSION We show that accuracy of measurements in FFA can be improved with simple instruction and validate components of the IFFACG measurement recommendations.
Collapse
|
32
|
Browne DT, Wade M, May SS, Jenkins JM, Prime H. COVID-19 disruption gets inside the family: A two-month multilevel study of family stress during the pandemic. Dev Psychol 2021; 57:1681-1692. [PMID: 34807689 DOI: 10.1037/dev0001237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Developmental research during COVID-19 suggests that pandemic-related disruptions in family relationships are associated with children's mental health. Most of this research has focused on 1 child per family, thereby obfuscating patterns that are differentially operative at the family-wide (i.e., between-family) versus child-specific (i.e., within-family) levels of analysis. Thus, the current study evaluates multilevel, longitudinal associations between COVID-19 disruption, family relationships, and caregiver/child mental health using a sibling comparison methodology. Caregivers (N = 549 families with 1098 children between 5 and 18 years old) were recruited from the Prolific research panel (73% White-European; 68% female; 76% United Kingdom, 19% U.S.A.; median 2019 income $50,000-$74,999). Caregiver reports of COVID-19 disruption, psychological distress, family functioning, parenting, and child mental health (for 2 children per family) were provided during May (time 1) and July (time 2) 2020. A Bayesian multilevel path analysis with random effects revealed: (a) families were experiencing difficulties across domains when COVID-19 disruption was high; (b) COVID-19 disruption corresponded to greater sibling differences in mental health; and (c) the sibling with poorer mental health received lower quality parenting over time, especially in families who reported higher levels of differential parenting. Findings suggest that understanding children's mental health difficulties during COVID-19 requires a family system lens due to the multiple ways these consequences permeate across the family unit. Comprehensive interventions for children's mental health during this time will likely require an examination of caregiver, sibling, and whole-family dynamics in the context of evidence-based telehealth practice. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
33
|
Johnson D, Policelli J, Li M, Dharamsi A, Hu Q, Sheridan MA, McLaughlin KA, Wade M. Associations of Early-Life Threat and Deprivation With Executive Functioning in Childhood and Adolescence: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. JAMA Pediatr 2021; 175:e212511. [PMID: 34309651 PMCID: PMC8314173 DOI: 10.1001/jamapediatrics.2021.2511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Many studies have demonstrated an association between early-life adversity (ELA) and executive functioning in children and adolescents. However, the aggregate magnitude of this association is unknown in the context of threat and deprivation types of adversity and various executive functioning domains. OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that experiences of deprivation are more strongly associated with reduced executive functioning compared with experiences of threat during childhood and adolescence. DATA SOURCES Embase, ERIC, MEDLINE, and PsycInfo databases were searched from inception to December 31, 2020. Both forward and reverse snowball citation searches were performed to identify additional articles. STUDY SELECTION Articles were selected for inclusion if they (1) had a child and/or adolescent sample, (2) included measures of ELA, (3) measured executive functioning, (4) evaluated the association between adversity and executive functioning, (5) were published in a peer-reviewed journal, and (6) were published in the English language. No temporal or geographic limits were set. A 2-reviewer, blinded screening process was conducted. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS PRISMA guidelines were used to guide data extraction and article diagnostics (for heterogeneity, small study bias, and p-hacking). Article quality was assessed, and data extraction was performed by multiple independent observers. A 3-level meta-analytic model with a restricted maximum likelihood method was used. Moderator analyses were conducted to explore heterogeneity. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES Primary outcomes included measures of the 3 domains of executive functioning: cognitive flexibility, inhibitory control, and working memory. RESULTS A total of 91 articles were included, representing 82 unique cohorts and 31 188 unique individuals. Deprivation, compared with threat, was associated with significantly lower inhibitory control (F1,90 = 5.69; P = .02) and working memory (F1,54 = 5.78; P = .02). No significant difference was observed for cognitive flexibility (F1,36 = 2.38; P = .12). The pooled effect size of the association of inhibitory control with deprivation was stronger (Hedges g = -0.43; 95% CI, -0.57 to -0.29) compared with threat (Hedges g = -0.27; 95% CI, -0.46 to -0.08). The pooled effect size of the association of working memory with deprivation was stronger (Hedges g = -0.54; 95% CI, -0.75 to -0.33) compared with threat (Hedges g = -0.28; 95% CI, -0.51 to -0.05). CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Experiences of both threat and deprivation in childhood and adolescence were associated with reduced executive functioning, but the association was stronger for exposure to deprivation. Efforts to address the consequences of ELA for development should consider the associations between specific dimensions of adversity and specific developmental outcomes.
Collapse
|
34
|
Colich NL, Sheridan MA, Humphreys KL, Wade M, Tibu F, Nelson CA, Zeanah CH, Fox NA, McLaughlin KA. Heightened sensitivity to the caregiving environment during adolescence: implications for recovery following early-life adversity. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2021; 62:10.1111/jcpp.13347. [PMID: 33215715 PMCID: PMC8134501 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescence has been proposed to be a period of heightened sensitivity to environmental influence. If true, adolescence may present a window of opportunity for recovery for children exposed to early-life adversity. Recent evidence supports adolescent recalibration of stress response systems following early-life adversity. However, it is unknown whether similar recovery occurs in other domains of functioning in adolescence. METHODS We use data from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project - a randomized controlled trial of foster care for children raised in psychosocially depriving institutions - to examine the associations of the caregiving environment with reward processing, executive functioning, and internalizing and externalizing psychopathology at ages 8, 12, and 16 years, and evaluate whether these associations change across development. RESULTS Higher quality caregiving in adolescence was associated with greater reward responsivity and lower levels of internalizing and externalizing symptoms, after covarying for the early-life caregiving environment. The associations of caregiving with executive function and internalizing and externalizing symptoms varied by age and were strongest at age 16 relative to ages 8 and 12 years. This heightened sensitivity to caregiving in adolescence was observed in both children with and without exposure to early psychosocial neglect. CONCLUSIONS Adolescence may be a period of heightened sensitivity to the caregiving environment, at least for some domains of functioning. For children who experience early psychosocial deprivation, this developmental period may be a window of opportunity for recovery of some functions. Albeit correlational, these findings suggest that it may be possible to reverse or remediate some of the lasting effects of early-life adversity with interventions that target caregiving during adolescence.
Collapse
|
35
|
Meier MJ, Nguyen KC, Crosthwait J, Kawata A, Rigden M, Leingartner K, Wong A, Holloway A, Shwed PS, Beaudette L, Navarro M, Wade M, Tayabali AF. Low dose antibiotic ingestion potentiates systemic and microbiome changes induced by silver nanoparticles. NANOIMPACT 2021; 23:100343. [PMID: 35559844 DOI: 10.1016/j.impact.2021.100343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Changes in the mammalian gut microbiome are linked to the impairment of immunological function and numerous other pathologies. Antimicrobial silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are incorporated into numerous consumer products (e.g., clothing, cosmetics, food packaging), which may directly impact the gut microbiome through ingestion. The human health impact of chronic AgNP ingestion is still uncertain, but evidence from exposure to other antimicrobials provides a strong rationale to assess AgNP effects on organ function, immunity, metabolism, and gut-associated microbiota. To investigate this, mice were gavaged daily for 5 weeks with saline, AgNPs, antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and metronidazole), or AgNPs combined with antibiotics. Animals were weighed daily, assessed for glucose tolerance, organ function, tissue and blood cytokine and leukocyte levels. At the end of the study, we used 16S rDNA amplicon and whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing to assess changes in the gut microbiome. In mice exposed to both AgNPs and antibiotics, silver was found in the stomach, and small and large intestines, but negligible amounts were present in other organs examined. Mice exposed to AgNPs alone showed minimal tissue silver levels. Antibiotics, but not AgNPs, altered glucose metabolism. Mice given AgNPs and antibiotics together demonstrated slower weight gain, reduced peripheral lymphocytes, and elevated splenic, but not circulatory markers of inflammation. 16S rDNA profiling of cecum and feces and metagenomic sequencing of fecal DNA demonstrated that combined AgNP-antibiotic treatment also significantly altered the structure and function of the gut microbiota, including depletion of the indicator species Akkermansia muciniphila. This study provides evidence for possible biological effects from repeated ingestion of AgNP-containing consumer products when antibiotics are also being used and raises concern that an impaired gut microbiome (e.g., through antibiotic use) can potentiate the harm from chemical exposures such as AgNPs.
Collapse
|
36
|
Allred CA, Matsumura Y, Tyagi E, Wade M, Whatcott C, Foulks J, Siddiqui A, Bearss DJ, Warner SL. Abstract 1345: Pharmacodynamic biomarkers for Pim inhibition with TP-3654 in patients with solid tumors. Cancer Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2021-1345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Proviral integration site for Moloney murine leukemia virus-1 (Pim-1) is a serine/threonine kinase downstream of Jak/Stat signaling which promotes cell growth, survival, and drug resistance. Pim-1 kinase is an important driver of tumorigenesis and tumor survival through its role in a number of downstream pathways, including inhibition of apoptosis through phosphorylation of the BH3-only protein BAD. Pim-1 is expressed at very low levels in most normal tissues, but is overexpressed in many cancers, such as prostate, colorectal, and many hematologic malignancies. Pim-1 kinase activity is constitutive and therefore directly proportional to protein expression. As such, Pim-1 is an attractive therapeutic target. TP-3654 is a second-generation, oral Pim inhibitor currently in Phase I clinical trials in solid tumors and myelofibrosis (NCT03715504 and NCT04176198). TP-3654 inhibits all three Pim kinases, with Ki values for Pim-1 (5nM), and Pim-2 and Pim-3 <250 nM in a biochemical assay. Treatment with TP-3654 in Jurkat and HEL cell lines showed dose-dependent modulation of the downstream targets of PIM, such as pS6K and pBad. A dose-dependent increase of TP-3654 Cmax was observed in plasma and subcutaneous PC-3 xenograft tumors in animals dosed orally at 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg with Tmax at 1 hour. Animals bearing HEL tumors were dosed similarly and Cmax values increased in a dose-dependent manner with Tmax at 2 hours. Plasma and tumor TP-3654 concentrations were above the measurement threshold out to 24 hours post dose. We further explored pharmacodynamic biomarkers of Pim inhibition (pBad, pS6K, and pS6RP) in flash frozen (FF) tumor tissue at various time points in both models by western blot and saw a maximum of 40% decrease in phosphorylated S6K at 2 hours, and an 80% decrease in pBad at 8 hrs in PC3 xenograft tumors in mice treated with 100 mg/kg of TP-3654. We hypothesized that treatment with TP-3654 would modulate Pim signaling in both cancer cells and peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). This allows for detection of pharmacodynamic markers using repeated peripheral blood draws instead of invasive biopsies. We treated PBMCs from multiple healthy human donors with TP-3654 ex vivo at 0.3 and 3 µM to assess the movement of Pim biomarkers. Two phosphorylation markers, pS6K and pS6RP consistently exhibited dose-dependent decreases (30-70%) as measured by western blot. Inhibition of pBad was dependent on pretreatment phosphorylation state. These results were confirmed in an automated western blot system.
Citation Format: Curtis A. Allred, Yuta Matsumura, Ethika Tyagi, Mark Wade, Clifford Whatcott, Jason Foulks, Adam Siddiqui, David J. Bearss, Steven L. Warner. Pharmacodynamic biomarkers for Pim inhibition with TP-3654 in patients with solid tumors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 1345.
Collapse
|
37
|
Whittle C, Hall ED, Dwyer S, Mavalvala N, Sudhir V, Abbott R, Ananyeva A, Austin C, Barsotti L, Betzwieser J, Blair CD, Brooks AF, Brown DD, Buikema A, Cahillane C, Driggers JC, Effler A, Fernandez-Galiana A, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Hardwick T, Kasprzack M, Kawabe K, Kijbunchoo N, Kissel JS, Mansell GL, Matichard F, McCuller L, McRae T, Mullavey A, Pele A, Schofield RMS, Sigg D, Tse M, Vajente G, Vander-Hyde DC, Yu H, Yu H, Adams C, Adhikari RX, Appert S, Arai K, Areeda JS, Asali Y, Aston SM, Baer AM, Ball M, Ballmer SW, Banagiri S, Barker D, Bartlett J, Berger BK, Bhattacharjee D, Billingsley G, Biscans S, Blair RM, Bode N, Booker P, Bork R, Bramley A, Cannon KC, Chen X, Ciobanu AA, Clara F, Compton CM, Cooper SJ, Corley KR, Countryman ST, Covas PB, Coyne DC, Datrier LEH, Davis D, Di Fronzo C, Dooley KL, Dupej P, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans TM, Feicht J, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Godwin P, Goetz E, Gras S, Gray C, Gray R, Green AC, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Hanks J, Hanson J, Hasskew RK, Heintze MC, Helmling-Cornell AF, Holland NA, Jones JD, Kandhasamy S, Karki S, King PJ, Kumar R, Landry M, Lane BB, Lantz B, Laxen M, Lecoeuche YK, Leviton J, Liu J, Lormand M, Lundgren AP, Macas R, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, Márka S, Márka Z, Martynov DV, Mason K, Massinger TJ, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McCormick S, McIver J, Mendell G, Merfeld K, Merilh EL, Meylahn F, Mistry T, Mittleman R, Moreno G, Mow-Lowry CM, Mozzon S, Nelson TJN, Nguyen P, Nuttall LK, Oberling J, Oram RJ, Osthelder C, Ottaway DJ, Overmier H, Palamos JR, Parker W, Payne E, Penhorwood R, Perez CJ, Pirello M, Radkins H, Ramirez KE, Richardson JW, Riles K, Robertson NA, Rollins JG, Romel CL, Romie JH, Ross MP, Ryan K, Sadecki T, Sanchez EJ, Sanchez LE, Saravanan TR, Savage RL, Schaetz D, Schnabel R, Schwartz E, Sellers D, Shaffer T, Slagmolen BJJ, Smith JR, Soni S, Sorazu B, Spencer AP, Strain KA, Sun L, Szczepańczyk MJ, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thorne KA, Toland K, Torrie CI, Traylor G, Urban AL, Valdes G, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Venugopalan G, Viets AD, Vo T, Vorvick C, Wade M, Ward RL, Warner J, Weaver B, Weiss R, Willke B, Wipf CC, Xiao L, Yamamoto H, Zhang L, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Approaching the motional ground state of a 10-kg object. Science 2021; 372:1333-1336. [PMID: 34140386 DOI: 10.1126/science.abh2634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The motion of a mechanical object, even a human-sized object, should be governed by the rules of quantum mechanics. Coaxing them into a quantum state is, however, difficult because the thermal environment masks any quantum signature of the object's motion. The thermal environment also masks the effects of proposed modifications of quantum mechanics at large mass scales. We prepared the center-of-mass motion of a 10-kilogram mechanical oscillator in a state with an average phonon occupation of 10.8. The reduction in temperature, from room temperature to 77 nanokelvin, is commensurate with an 11 orders-of-magnitude suppression of quantum back-action by feedback and a 13 orders-of-magnitude increase in the mass of an object prepared close to its motional ground state. Our approach will enable the possibility of probing gravity on massive quantum systems.
Collapse
|
38
|
Abbott R, Abbott TD, Abraham S, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams A, Adams C, Adhikari RX, Adya VB, Affeldt C, Agarwal D, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Akutsu T, Aleman KM, Allen G, Allocca A, Altin PA, Amato A, Anand S, Ananyeva A, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Ando M, Angelova SV, Ansoldi S, Antelis JM, Antier S, Appert S, Arai K, Arai K, Arai Y, Araki S, Araya A, Araya MC, Areeda JS, Arène M, Aritomi N, Arnaud N, Aronson SM, Asada H, Asali Y, Ashton G, Aso Y, Aston SM, Astone P, Aubin F, Auclair P, Aufmuth P, AultONeal K, Austin C, Babak S, Badaracco F, Bader MKM, Bae S, Bae Y, Baer AM, Bagnasco S, Bai Y, Baiotti L, Baird J, Bajpai R, Ball M, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Bals M, Balsamo A, Baltus G, Banagiri S, Bankar D, Bankar RS, Barayoga JC, Barbieri C, Barish BC, Barker D, Barneo P, Barnum S, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Bawaj M, Bayley JC, Baylor AC, Bazzan M, Bécsy B, Bedakihale VM, Bejger M, Belahcene I, Benedetto V, Beniwal D, Benjamin MG, Bennett TF, Bentley JD, BenYaala M, Bergamin F, Berger BK, Bernuzzi S, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhandare R, Bhandari AV, Bhattacharjee D, Bhaumik S, Bidler J, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birney R, Birnholtz O, Biscans S, Bischi M, Biscoveanu S, Bisht A, Biswas B, Bitossi M, Bizouard MA, Blackburn JK, Blackman J, Blair CD, Blair DG, Blair RM, Bobba F, Bode N, Boer M, Bogaert G, Boldrini M, Bondu F, Bonilla E, Bonnand R, Booker P, Boom BA, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose N, Bose S, Bossilkov V, Boudart V, Bouffanais Y, Bozzi A, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Bramley A, Branch A, Branchesi M, Breschi M, Briant T, Briggs JH, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brockill P, Brooks AF, Brooks J, Brown DD, Brunett S, Bruno G, Bruntz R, Bryant J, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Buscicchio R, Buskulic D, Cadonati L, Caesar M, Cagnoli G, Cahillane C, Cain HW, Calderón Bustillo J, Callaghan JD, Callister TA, Calloni E, Camp JB, Canepa M, Cannavacciuolo M, Cannon KC, Cao H, Cao J, Cao Z, Capocasa E, Capote E, Carapella G, Carbognani F, Carlin JB, Carney MF, Carpinelli M, Carullo G, Carver TL, Casanueva Diaz J, Casentini C, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cerdá-Durán P, Cesarini E, Chaibi W, Chakravarti K, Champion B, Chan CH, Chan C, Chan CL, Chan M, Chandra K, Chanial P, Chao S, Charlton P, Chase EA, Chassande-Mottin E, Chatterjee D, Chaturvedi M, Chatziioannou K, Chen A, Chen C, Chen HY, Chen J, Chen K, Chen X, Chen YB, Chen YR, Chen Z, Cheng H, Cheong CK, Cheung HY, Chia HY, Chiadini F, Chiang CY, Chierici R, Chincarini A, Chiofalo ML, Chiummo A, Cho G, Cho HS, Choate S, Choudhary RK, Choudhary S, Christensen N, Chu H, Chu Q, Chu YK, Chua S, Chung KW, Ciani G, Ciecielag P, Cieślar M, Cifaldi M, Ciobanu AA, Ciolfi R, Cipriano F, Cirone A, Clara F, Clark EN, Clark JA, Clarke L, Clearwater P, Clesse S, Cleva F, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Cohen DE, Cohen L, Colleoni M, Collette CG, Colpi M, Compton CM, Constancio M, Conti L, Cooper SJ, Corban P, Corbitt TR, Cordero-Carrión I, Corezzi S, Corley KR, Cornish N, Corre D, Corsi A, Cortese S, Costa CA, Cotesta R, Coughlin MW, Coughlin SB, Coulon JP, Countryman ST, Cousins B, Couvares P, Covas PB, Coward DM, Cowart MJ, Coyne DC, Coyne R, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Criswell AW, Croquette M, Crowder SG, Cudell JR, Cullen TJ, Cumming A, Cummings R, Cuoco E, Curyło M, Canton TD, Dálya G, Dana A, DaneshgaranBajastani LM, D'Angelo B, Danilishin SL, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Darsow-Fromm C, Dasgupta A, Datrier LEH, Dattilo V, Dave I, Davier M, Davies GS, Davis D, Daw EJ, Dean R, Deenadayalan M, Degallaix J, De Laurentis M, Deléglise S, Del Favero V, De Lillo F, De Lillo N, Del Pozzo W, DeMarchi LM, De Matteis F, D'Emilio V, Demos N, Dent T, Depasse A, De Pietri R, De Rosa R, De Rossi C, DeSalvo R, De Simone R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz MC, Diaz-Ortiz M, Didio NA, Dietrich T, Di Fiore L, Di Fronzo C, Di Giorgio C, Di Giovanni F, Di Girolamo T, Di Lieto A, Ding B, Di Pace S, Di Palma I, Di Renzo F, Divakarla AK, Dmitriev A, Doctor Z, D'Onofrio L, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Dorrington I, Drago M, Driggers JC, Drori Y, Du Z, Ducoin JG, Dupej P, Durante O, D'Urso D, Duverne PA, Dwyer SE, Easter PJ, Ebersold M, Eddolls G, Edelman B, Edo TB, Edy O, Effler A, Eguchi S, Eichholz J, Eikenberry SS, Eisenmann M, Eisenstein RA, Ejlli A, Enomoto Y, Errico L, Essick RC, Estellés H, Estevez D, Etienne Z, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans TM, Ewing BE, Fafone V, Fair H, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Farah AM, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr WM, Farrow NW, Fauchon-Jones EJ, Favata M, Fays M, Fazio M, Feicht J, Fejer MM, Feng F, Fenyvesi E, Ferguson DL, Fernandez-Galiana A, Ferrante I, Ferreira TA, Fidecaro F, Figura P, Fiori I, Fishbach M, Fisher RP, Fishner JM, Fittipaldi R, Fiumara V, Flaminio R, Floden E, Flynn E, Fong H, Font JA, Fornal B, Forsyth PWF, Franke A, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frederick C, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fronzé GG, Fujii Y, Fujikawa Y, Fukunaga M, Fukushima M, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard HA, Gadre BU, Gaebel SM, Gair JR, Gais J, Galaudage S, Gamba R, Ganapathy D, Ganguly A, Gao D, Gaonkar SG, Garaventa B, García-Núñez C, García-Quirós C, Garufi F, Gateley B, Gaudio S, Gayathri V, Ge G, Gemme G, Gennai A, George J, Gergely L, Gewecke P, Ghonge S, Ghosh A, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Giacomazzo B, Giacoppo L, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Gibson DR, Gier C, Giesler M, Giri P, Gissi F, Glanzer J, Gleckl AE, Godwin P, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gohlke N, Goncharov B, González G, Gopakumar A, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Grace B, Grado A, Granata M, Granata V, Grant A, Gras S, Grassia P, Gray C, Gray R, Greco G, Green AC, Green R, Gretarsson AM, Gretarsson EM, Griffith D, Griffiths W, Griggs HL, Grignani G, Grimaldi A, Grimes E, Grimm SJ, Grote H, Grunewald S, Gruning P, Guerrero JG, Guidi GM, Guimaraes AR, Guixé G, Gulati HK, Guo HK, Guo Y, Gupta A, Gupta A, Gupta P, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Guzman F, Ha S, Haegel L, Hagiwara A, Haino S, Halim O, Hall ED, Hamilton EZ, Hammond G, Han WB, Haney M, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam MD, Hannuksela OA, Hansen H, Hansen TJ, Hanson J, Harder T, Hardwick T, Haris K, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Hartwig D, Hasegawa K, Haskell B, Hasskew RK, Haster CJ, Hattori K, Haughian K, Hayakawa H, Hayama K, Hayes FJ, Healy J, Heidmann A, Heintze MC, Heinze J, Heinzel J, Heitmann H, Hellman F, Hello P, Helmling-Cornell AF, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Hennes E, Hennig J, Hennig MH, Hernandez Vivanco F, Heurs M, Hild S, Hill P, Himemoto Y, Hines AS, Hiranuma Y, Hirata N, Hirose E, Hochheim S, Hofman D, Hohmann JN, Holgado AM, Holland NA, Hollows IJ, Holmes ZJ, Holt K, Holz DE, Hong Z, Hopkins P, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hoy CG, Hoyland D, Hreibi A, Hsieh B, Hsu Y, Huang GZ, Huang HY, Huang P, Huang YC, Huang YJ, Huang YW, Hübner MT, Huddart AD, Huerta EA, Hughey B, Hui DCY, Hui V, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huxford R, Huynh-Dinh T, Ide S, Idzkowski B, Iess A, Ikenoue B, Imam S, Inayoshi K, Inchauspe H, Ingram C, Inoue Y, Intini G, Ioka K, Isi M, Isleif K, Ito K, Itoh Y, Iyer BR, Izumi K, JaberianHamedan V, Jacqmin T, Jadhav SJ, Jadhav SP, James AL, Jan AZ, Jani K, Janssens K, Janthalur NN, Jaranowski P, Jariwala D, Jaume R, Jenkins AC, Jeon C, Jeunon M, Jia W, Jiang J, Jin HB, Johns GR, Jones AW, Jones DI, Jones JD, Jones P, Jones R, Jonker RJG, Ju L, Jung K, Jung P, Junker J, Kaihotsu K, Kajita T, Kakizaki M, Kalaghatgi CV, Kalogera V, Kamai B, Kamiizumi M, Kanda N, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner JB, Kao Y, Kapadia SJ, Kapasi DP, Karathanasis C, Karki S, Kashyap R, Kasprzack M, Kastaun W, Katsanevas S, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaur T, Kawabe K, Kawaguchi K, Kawai N, Kawasaki T, Kéfélian F, Keitel D, Key JS, Khadka S, Khalili FY, Khan I, Khan S, Khazanov EA, Khetan N, Khursheed M, Kijbunchoo N, Kim C, Kim JC, Kim J, Kim K, Kim WS, Kim YM, Kimball C, Kimura N, King PJ, Kinley-Hanlon M, Kirchhoff R, Kissel JS, Kita N, Kitazawa H, Kleybolte L, Klimenko S, Knee AM, Knowles TD, Knyazev E, Koch P, Koekoek G, Kojima Y, Kokeyama K, Koley S, Kolitsidou P, Kolstein M, Komori K, Kondrashov V, Kong AKH, Kontos A, Koper N, Korobko M, Kotake K, Kovalam M, Kozak DB, Kozakai C, Kozu R, Kringel V, Krishnendu NV, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kuei F, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kumar R, Kume J, Kuns K, Kuo C, Kuo HS, Kuromiya Y, Kuroyanagi S, Kusayanagi K, Kwak K, Kwang S, Laghi D, Lalande E, Lam TL, Lamberts A, Landry M, Lane BB, Lang RN, Lange J, Lantz B, La Rosa I, Lartaux-Vollard A, Lasky PD, Laxen M, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lecoeuche YK, Lee HK, Lee HM, Lee HW, Lee J, Lee K, Lee R, Lehmann J, Lemaître A, Leon E, Leonardi M, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Leviton JN, Li AKY, Li B, Li J, Li KL, Li TGF, Li X, Lin CY, Lin FK, Lin FL, Lin HL, Lin LCC, Linde F, Linker SD, Linley JN, Littenberg TB, Liu GC, Liu J, Liu K, Liu X, Llorens-Monteagudo M, Lo RKL, Lockwood A, Lollie ML, London LT, Longo A, Lopez D, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough JD, Lousto CO, Lovelace G, Lück H, Lumaca D, Lundgren AP, Luo LW, Macas R, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, MacMillan IAO, Macquet A, Magaña Hernandez I, Magaña-Sandoval F, Magazzù C, Magee RM, Maggiore R, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Maliakal S, Malik A, Man N, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mango JL, Mansell GL, Manske M, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marchio M, Marion F, Mark Z, Márka S, Márka Z, Markakis C, Markosyan AS, Markowitz A, Maros E, Marquina A, Marsat S, Martelli F, Martin IW, Martin RM, Martinez M, Martinez V, Martinovic K, Martynov DV, Marx EJ, Masalehdan H, Mason K, Massera E, Masserot A, Massinger TJ, Masso-Reid M, Mastrogiovanni S, Matas A, Mateu-Lucena M, Matichard F, Matiushechkina M, Mavalvala N, McCann JJ, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McClincy P, McCormick S, McCuller L, McGhee GI, McGuire SC, McIsaac C, McIver J, McManus DJ, McRae T, McWilliams ST, Meacher D, Mehmet M, Mehta AK, Melatos A, Melchor DA, Mendell G, Menendez-Vazquez A, Menoni CS, Mercer RA, Mereni L, Merfeld K, Merilh EL, Merritt JD, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Meyers PM, Meylahn F, Mhaske A, Miani A, Miao H, Michaloliakos I, Michel C, Michimura Y, Middleton H, Milano L, Miller AL, Millhouse M, Mills JC, Milotti E, Milovich-Goff MC, Minazzoli O, Minenkov Y, Mio N, Mir LM, Mishkin A, Mishra C, Mishra T, Mistry T, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Miyamoto A, Miyazaki Y, Miyo K, Miyoki S, Mo G, Mogushi K, Mohapatra SRP, Mohite SR, Molina I, Molina-Ruiz M, Mondin M, Montani M, Moore CJ, Moraru D, Morawski F, More A, Moreno C, Moreno G, Mori Y, Morisaki S, Moriwaki Y, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mozzon S, Muciaccia F, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee S, Mukund N, Mullavey A, Munch J, Muñiz EA, Murray PG, Musenich R, Nadji SL, Nagano K, Nagano S, Nakamura K, Nakano H, Nakano M, Nakashima R, Nakayama Y, Nardecchia I, Narikawa T, Naticchioni L, Nayak B, Nayak RK, Negishi R, Neil BF, Neilson J, Nelemans G, Nelson TJN, Nery M, Neunzert A, Ng KY, Ng SWS, Nguyen C, Nguyen P, Nguyen T, Nguyen Quynh L, Ni WT, Nichols SA, Nishizawa A, Nissanke S, Nocera F, Noh M, Norman M, North C, Nozaki S, Nuttall LK, Oberling J, O'Brien BD, Obuchi Y, O'Dell J, Ogaki W, Oganesyan G, Oh JJ, Oh K, Oh SH, Ohashi M, Ohishi N, Ohkawa M, Ohme F, Ohta H, Okada MA, Okutani Y, Okutomi K, Olivetto C, Oohara K, Ooi C, Oram R, O'Reilly B, Ormiston RG, Ormsby ND, Ortega LF, O'Shaughnessy R, O'Shea E, Oshino S, Ossokine S, Osthelder C, Otabe S, Ottaway DJ, Overmier H, Pace AE, Pagano G, Page MA, Pagliaroli G, Pai A, Pai SA, Palamos JR, Palashov O, Palomba C, Pan K, Panda PK, Pang H, Pang PTH, Pankow C, Pannarale F, Pant BC, Paoletti F, Paoli A, Paolone A, Parisi A, Park J, Parker W, Pascucci D, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patel M, Patricelli B, Payne E, Pechsiri TC, Pedraza M, Pegoraro M, Pele A, Peña Arellano FE, Penn S, Perego A, Pereira A, Pereira T, Perez CJ, Périgois C, Perreca A, Perriès S, Petermann J, Petterson D, Pfeiffer HP, Pham KA, Phukon KS, Piccinni OJ, Pichot M, Piendibene M, Piergiovanni F, Pierini L, Pierro V, Pillant G, Pilo F, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Piotrzkowski BJ, Piotrzkowski K, Pirello M, Pitkin M, Placidi E, Plastino W, Pluchar C, Poggiani R, Polini E, Pong DYT, Ponrathnam S, Popolizio P, Porter EK, Powell J, Pracchia M, Pradier T, Prajapati AK, Prasai K, Prasanna R, Pratten G, Prestegard T, Principe M, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Prosposito P, Prudenzi L, Puecher A, Punturo M, Puosi F, Puppo P, Pürrer M, Qi H, Quetschke V, Quinonez PJ, Quitzow-James R, Raab FJ, Raaijmakers G, Radkins H, Radulesco N, Raffai P, Rail SX, Raja S, Rajan C, Ramirez KE, Ramirez TD, Ramos-Buades A, Rana J, Rapagnani P, Rapol UD, Ratto B, Raymond V, Raza N, Razzano M, Read J, Rees LA, Regimbau T, Rei L, Reid S, Reitze DH, Relton P, Rettegno P, Ricci F, Richardson CJ, Richardson JW, Richardson L, Ricker PM, Riemenschneider G, Riles K, Rizzo M, Robertson NA, Robie R, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Rocha JA, Rodriguez S, Rodriguez-Soto RD, Rolland L, Rollins JG, Roma VJ, Romanelli M, Romano R, Romel CL, Romero A, Romero-Shaw IM, Romie JH, Rose CA, Rosińska D, Rosofsky SG, Ross MP, Rowan S, Rowlinson SJ, Roy S, Roy S, Rozza D, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Sachdev S, Sadecki T, Sadiq J, Sago N, Saito S, Saito Y, Sakai K, Sakai Y, Sakellariadou M, Sakuno Y, Salafia OS, Salconi L, Saleem M, Salemi F, Samajdar A, Sanchez EJ, Sanchez JH, Sanchez LE, Sanchis-Gual N, Sanders JR, Sanuy A, Saravanan TR, Sarin N, Sassolas B, Satari H, Sato S, Sato T, Sauter O, Savage RL, Savant V, Sawada T, Sawant D, Sawant HL, Sayah S, Schaetzl D, Scheel M, Scheuer J, Schindler-Tyka A, Schmidt P, Schnabel R, Schneewind M, Schofield RMS, Schönbeck A, Schulte BW, Schutz BF, Schwartz E, Scott J, Scott SM, Seglar-Arroyo M, Seidel E, Sekiguchi T, Sekiguchi Y, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sennett N, Sentenac D, Seo EG, Sequino V, Setyawati Y, Shaffer T, Shahriar MS, Shams B, Shao L, Sharifi S, Sharma A, Sharma P, Shawhan P, Shcheblanov NS, Shen H, Shibagaki S, Shikauchi M, Shimizu R, Shimoda T, Shimode K, Shink R, Shinkai H, Shishido T, Shoda A, Shoemaker DH, Shoemaker DM, Shukla K, ShyamSundar S, Sieniawska M, Sigg D, Singer LP, Singh D, Singh N, Singha A, Sintes AM, Sipala V, Skliris V, Slagmolen BJJ, Slaven-Blair TJ, Smetana J, Smith JR, Smith RJE, Somala SN, Somiya K, Son EJ, Soni K, Soni S, Sorazu B, Sordini V, Sorrentino F, Sorrentino N, Sotani H, Soulard R, Souradeep T, Sowell E, Spagnuolo V, Spencer AP, Spera M, Srivastava AK, Srivastava V, Staats K, Stachie C, Steer DA, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, Stops DJ, Stover M, Strain KA, Strang LC, Stratta G, Strunk A, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Südbeck J, Sudhagar S, Sudhir V, Sugimoto R, Suh HG, Summerscales TZ, Sun H, Sun L, Sunil S, Sur A, Suresh J, Sutton PJ, Suzuki T, Suzuki T, Swinkels BL, Szczepańczyk MJ, Szewczyk P, Tacca M, Tagoshi H, Tait SC, Takahashi H, Takahashi R, Takamori A, Takano S, Takeda H, Takeda M, Talbot C, Tanaka H, Tanaka K, Tanaka K, Tanaka T, Tanaka T, Tanasijczuk AJ, Tanioka S, Tanner DB, Tao D, Tapia A, Tapia San Martin EN, Tapia San Martin EN, Tasson JD, Telada S, Tenorio R, Terkowski L, Test M, Thirugnanasambandam MP, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thompson JE, Thondapu SR, Thorne KA, Thrane E, Tiwari S, Tiwari S, Tiwari V, Toland K, Tolley AE, Tomaru T, Tomigami Y, Tomura T, Tonelli M, Torres-Forné A, Torrie CI, Tosta E Melo I, Töyrä D, Trapananti A, Travasso F, Traylor G, Tringali MC, Tripathee A, Troiano L, Trovato A, Trozzo L, Trudeau RJ, Tsai DS, Tsai D, Tsang KW, Tsang T, Tsao JS, Tse M, Tso R, Tsubono K, Tsuchida S, Tsukada L, Tsuna D, Tsutsui T, Tsuzuki T, Turconi M, Tuyenbayev D, Ubhi AS, Uchikata N, Uchiyama T, Udall RP, Ueda A, Uehara T, Ueno K, Ueshima G, Ugolini D, Unnikrishnan CS, Uraguchi F, Urban AL, Ushiba T, Usman SA, Utina AC, Vahlbruch H, Vajente G, Vajpeyi A, Valdes G, Valentini M, Valsan V, van Bakel N, van Beuzekom M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, Vander-Hyde DC, van der Schaaf L, van Heijningen JV, van Putten MHPM, van Remortel N, Vardaro M, Vargas AF, Varma V, Vasúth M, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Venneberg J, Venugopalan G, Verkindt D, Verma Y, Veske D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Viets AD, Villa-Ortega V, Vinet JY, Vitale S, Vo T, Vocca H, von Reis ERG, Vorvick C, Vyatchanin SP, Wade LE, Wade M, Wagner KJ, Walet RC, Walker M, Wallace GS, Wallace L, Walsh S, Wang J, Wang JZ, Wang WH, Ward RL, Warner J, Was M, Washimi T, Washington NY, Watchi J, Weaver B, Wei L, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Weller CM, Wellmann F, Wen L, Weßels P, Westhouse JW, Wette K, Whelan JT, White DD, Whiting BF, Whittle C, Wilken D, Williams D, Williams MJ, Williamson AR, Willis JL, Willke B, Wilson DJ, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wlodarczyk T, Woan G, Woehler J, Wofford JK, Wong ICF, Wrangel J, Wu C, Wu DS, Wu H, Wu S, Wysocki DM, Xiao L, Xu WR, Yamada T, Yamamoto H, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto T, Yamashita K, Yamazaki R, Yang FW, Yang L, Yang Y, Yang Y, Yang Z, Yap MJ, Yeeles DW, Yelikar AB, Ying M, Yokogawa K, Yokoyama J, Yokozawa T, Yoon A, Yoshioka T, Yu H, Yu H, Yuzurihara H, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zeidler S, Zelenova T, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhan M, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang R, Zhang T, Zhao C, Zhao G, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Z, Zhu XJ, Zhu ZH, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:241102. [PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.102002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
Collapse
|
39
|
Abbott R, Abbott TD, Abraham S, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams A, Adams C, Adhikari RX, Adya VB, Affeldt C, Agarwal D, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Akutsu T, Aleman KM, Allen G, Allocca A, Altin PA, Amato A, Anand S, Ananyeva A, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Ando M, Angelova SV, Ansoldi S, Antelis JM, Antier S, Appert S, Arai K, Arai K, Arai Y, Araki S, Araya A, Araya MC, Areeda JS, Arène M, Aritomi N, Arnaud N, Aronson SM, Asada H, Asali Y, Ashton G, Aso Y, Aston SM, Astone P, Aubin F, Auclair P, Aufmuth P, AultONeal K, Austin C, Babak S, Badaracco F, Bader MKM, Bae S, Bae Y, Baer AM, Bagnasco S, Bai Y, Baiotti L, Baird J, Bajpai R, Ball M, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Bals M, Balsamo A, Baltus G, Banagiri S, Bankar D, Bankar RS, Barayoga JC, Barbieri C, Barish BC, Barker D, Barneo P, Barnum S, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Barton MA, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Bawaj M, Bayley JC, Baylor AC, Bazzan M, Bécsy B, Bedakihale VM, Bejger M, Belahcene I, Benedetto V, Beniwal D, Benjamin MG, Bennett TF, Bentley JD, BenYaala M, Bergamin F, Berger BK, Bernuzzi S, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhandare R, Bhandari AV, Bhattacharjee D, Bhaumik S, Bidler J, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birney R, Birnholtz O, Biscans S, Bischi M, Biscoveanu S, Bisht A, Biswas B, Bitossi M, Bizouard MA, Blackburn JK, Blackman J, Blair CD, Blair DG, Blair RM, Bobba F, Bode N, Boer M, Bogaert G, Boldrini M, Bondu F, Bonilla E, Bonnand R, Booker P, Boom BA, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose N, Bose S, Bossilkov V, Boudart V, Bouffanais Y, Bozzi A, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Bramley A, Branch A, Branchesi M, Breschi M, Briant T, Briggs JH, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brockill P, Brooks AF, Brooks J, Brown DD, Brunett S, Bruno G, Bruntz R, Bryant J, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Buscicchio R, Buskulic D, Cadonati L, Caesar M, Cagnoli G, Cahillane C, Cain HW, Calderón Bustillo J, Callaghan JD, Callister TA, Calloni E, Camp JB, Canepa M, Cannavacciuolo M, Cannon KC, Cao H, Cao J, Cao Z, Capocasa E, Capote E, Carapella G, Carbognani F, Carlin JB, Carney MF, Carpinelli M, Carullo G, Carver TL, Casanueva Diaz J, Casentini C, Castaldi G, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cerdá-Durán P, Cesarini E, Chaibi W, Chakravarti K, Champion B, Chan CH, Chan C, Chan CL, Chan M, Chandra K, Chanial P, Chao S, Charlton P, Chase EA, Chassande-Mottin E, Chatterjee D, Chaturvedi M, Chatziioannou K, Chen A, Chen C, Chen HY, Chen J, Chen K, Chen X, Chen YB, Chen YR, Chen Z, Cheng H, Cheong CK, Cheung HY, Chia HY, Chiadini F, Chiang CY, Chierici R, Chincarini A, Chiofalo ML, Chiummo A, Cho G, Cho HS, Choate S, Choudhary RK, Choudhary S, Christensen N, Chu H, Chu Q, Chu YK, Chua S, Chung KW, Ciani G, Ciecielag P, Cieślar M, Cifaldi M, Ciobanu AA, Ciolfi R, Cipriano F, Cirone A, Clara F, Clark EN, Clark JA, Clarke L, Clearwater P, Clesse S, Cleva F, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Cohen DE, Cohen L, Colleoni M, Collette CG, Colpi M, Compton CM, Constancio M, Conti L, Cooper SJ, Corban P, Corbitt TR, Cordero-Carrión I, Corezzi S, Corley KR, Cornish N, Corre D, Corsi A, Cortese S, Costa CA, Cotesta R, Coughlin MW, Coughlin SB, Coulon JP, Countryman ST, Cousins B, Couvares P, Covas PB, Coward DM, Cowart MJ, Coyne DC, Coyne R, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Criswell AW, Croquette M, Crowder SG, Cudell JR, Cullen TJ, Cumming A, Cummings R, Cuoco E, Curyło M, Canton TD, Dálya G, Dana A, DaneshgaranBajastani LM, D'Angelo B, Danilishin SL, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Darsow-Fromm C, Dasgupta A, Datrier LEH, Dattilo V, Dave I, Davier M, Davies GS, Davis D, Daw EJ, Dean R, Deenadayalan M, Degallaix J, De Laurentis M, Deléglise S, Del Favero V, De Lillo F, De Lillo N, Del Pozzo W, DeMarchi LM, De Matteis F, D'Emilio V, Demos N, Dent T, Depasse A, De Pietri R, De Rosa R, De Rossi C, DeSalvo R, De Simone R, Dhurandhar S, Díaz MC, Diaz-Ortiz M, Didio NA, Dietrich T, Di Fiore L, Di Fronzo C, Di Giorgio C, Di Giovanni F, Di Girolamo T, Di Lieto A, Ding B, Di Pace S, Di Palma I, Di Renzo F, Divakarla AK, Dmitriev A, Doctor Z, D'Onofrio L, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Dorrington I, Drago M, Driggers JC, Drori Y, Du Z, Ducoin JG, Dupej P, Durante O, D'Urso D, Duverne PA, Dwyer SE, Easter PJ, Ebersold M, Eddolls G, Edelman B, Edo TB, Edy O, Effler A, Eguchi S, Eichholz J, Eikenberry SS, Eisenmann M, Eisenstein RA, Ejlli A, Enomoto Y, Errico L, Essick RC, Estellés H, Estevez D, Etienne Z, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans TM, Ewing BE, Fafone V, Fair H, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Farah AM, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr WM, Farrow NW, Fauchon-Jones EJ, Favata M, Fays M, Fazio M, Feicht J, Fejer MM, Feng F, Fenyvesi E, Ferguson DL, Fernandez-Galiana A, Ferrante I, Ferreira TA, Fidecaro F, Figura P, Fiori I, Fishbach M, Fisher RP, Fishner JM, Fittipaldi R, Fiumara V, Flaminio R, Floden E, Flynn E, Fong H, Font JA, Fornal B, Forsyth PWF, Franke A, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frederick C, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fronzé GG, Fujii Y, Fujikawa Y, Fukunaga M, Fukushima M, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard HA, Gadre BU, Gaebel SM, Gair JR, Gais J, Galaudage S, Gamba R, Ganapathy D, Ganguly A, Gao D, Gaonkar SG, Garaventa B, García-Núñez C, García-Quirós C, Garufi F, Gateley B, Gaudio S, Gayathri V, Ge G, Gemme G, Gennai A, George J, Gergely L, Gewecke P, Ghonge S, Ghosh A, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Ghosh S, Giacomazzo B, Giacoppo L, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Gibson DR, Gier C, Giesler M, Giri P, Gissi F, Glanzer J, Gleckl AE, Godwin P, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gohlke N, Goncharov B, González G, Gopakumar A, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Grace B, Grado A, Granata M, Granata V, Grant A, Gras S, Grassia P, Gray C, Gray R, Greco G, Green AC, Green R, Gretarsson AM, Gretarsson EM, Griffith D, Griffiths W, Griggs HL, Grignani G, Grimaldi A, Grimes E, Grimm SJ, Grote H, Grunewald S, Gruning P, Guerrero JG, Guidi GM, Guimaraes AR, Guixé G, Gulati HK, Guo HK, Guo Y, Gupta A, Gupta A, Gupta P, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Guzman F, Ha S, Haegel L, Hagiwara A, Haino S, Halim O, Hall ED, Hamilton EZ, Hammond G, Han WB, Haney M, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam MD, Hannuksela OA, Hansen H, Hansen TJ, Hanson J, Harder T, Hardwick T, Haris K, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Hartwig D, Hasegawa K, Haskell B, Hasskew RK, Haster CJ, Hattori K, Haughian K, Hayakawa H, Hayama K, Hayes FJ, Healy J, Heidmann A, Heintze MC, Heinze J, Heinzel J, Heitmann H, Hellman F, Hello P, Helmling-Cornell AF, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Hennes E, Hennig J, Hennig MH, Hernandez Vivanco F, Heurs M, Hild S, Hill P, Himemoto Y, Hines AS, Hiranuma Y, Hirata N, Hirose E, Hochheim S, Hofman D, Hohmann JN, Holgado AM, Holland NA, Hollows IJ, Holmes ZJ, Holt K, Holz DE, Hong Z, Hopkins P, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hoy CG, Hoyland D, Hreibi A, Hsieh B, Hsu Y, Huang GZ, Huang HY, Huang P, Huang YC, Huang YJ, Huang YW, Hübner MT, Huddart AD, Huerta EA, Hughey B, Hui DCY, Hui V, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huxford R, Huynh-Dinh T, Ide S, Idzkowski B, Iess A, Ikenoue B, Imam S, Inayoshi K, Inchauspe H, Ingram C, Inoue Y, Intini G, Ioka K, Isi M, Isleif K, Ito K, Itoh Y, Iyer BR, Izumi K, JaberianHamedan V, Jacqmin T, Jadhav SJ, Jadhav SP, James AL, Jan AZ, Jani K, Janssens K, Janthalur NN, Jaranowski P, Jariwala D, Jaume R, Jenkins AC, Jeon C, Jeunon M, Jia W, Jiang J, Jin HB, Johns GR, Jones AW, Jones DI, Jones JD, Jones P, Jones R, Jonker RJG, Ju L, Jung K, Jung P, Junker J, Kaihotsu K, Kajita T, Kakizaki M, Kalaghatgi CV, Kalogera V, Kamai B, Kamiizumi M, Kanda N, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner JB, Kao Y, Kapadia SJ, Kapasi DP, Karathanasis C, Karki S, Kashyap R, Kasprzack M, Kastaun W, Katsanevas S, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaur T, Kawabe K, Kawaguchi K, Kawai N, Kawasaki T, Kéfélian F, Keitel D, Key JS, Khadka S, Khalili FY, Khan I, Khan S, Khazanov EA, Khetan N, Khursheed M, Kijbunchoo N, Kim C, Kim JC, Kim J, Kim K, Kim WS, Kim YM, Kimball C, Kimura N, King PJ, Kinley-Hanlon M, Kirchhoff R, Kissel JS, Kita N, Kitazawa H, Kleybolte L, Klimenko S, Knee AM, Knowles TD, Knyazev E, Koch P, Koekoek G, Kojima Y, Kokeyama K, Koley S, Kolitsidou P, Kolstein M, Komori K, Kondrashov V, Kong AKH, Kontos A, Koper N, Korobko M, Kotake K, Kovalam M, Kozak DB, Kozakai C, Kozu R, Kringel V, Krishnendu NV, Królak A, Kuehn G, Kuei F, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kumar R, Kume J, Kuns K, Kuo C, Kuo HS, Kuromiya Y, Kuroyanagi S, Kusayanagi K, Kwak K, Kwang S, Laghi D, Lalande E, Lam TL, Lamberts A, Landry M, Lane BB, Lang RN, Lange J, Lantz B, La Rosa I, Lartaux-Vollard A, Lasky PD, Laxen M, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lecoeuche YK, Lee HK, Lee HM, Lee HW, Lee J, Lee K, Lee R, Lehmann J, Lemaître A, Leon E, Leonardi M, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Leviton JN, Li AKY, Li B, Li J, Li KL, Li TGF, Li X, Lin CY, Lin FK, Lin FL, Lin HL, Lin LCC, Linde F, Linker SD, Linley JN, Littenberg TB, Liu GC, Liu J, Liu K, Liu X, Llorens-Monteagudo M, Lo RKL, Lockwood A, Lollie ML, London LT, Longo A, Lopez D, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough JD, Lousto CO, Lovelace G, Lück H, Lumaca D, Lundgren AP, Luo LW, Macas R, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, MacMillan IAO, Macquet A, Magaña Hernandez I, Magaña-Sandoval F, Magazzù C, Magee RM, Maggiore R, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Maliakal S, Malik A, Man N, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mango JL, Mansell GL, Manske M, Mantovani M, Marchesoni F, Marchio M, Marion F, Mark Z, Márka S, Márka Z, Markakis C, Markosyan AS, Markowitz A, Maros E, Marquina A, Marsat S, Martelli F, Martin IW, Martin RM, Martinez M, Martinez V, Martinovic K, Martynov DV, Marx EJ, Masalehdan H, Mason K, Massera E, Masserot A, Massinger TJ, Masso-Reid M, Mastrogiovanni S, Matas A, Mateu-Lucena M, Matichard F, Matiushechkina M, Mavalvala N, McCann JJ, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McClincy P, McCormick S, McCuller L, McGhee GI, McGuire SC, McIsaac C, McIver J, McManus DJ, McRae T, McWilliams ST, Meacher D, Mehmet M, Mehta AK, Melatos A, Melchor DA, Mendell G, Menendez-Vazquez A, Menoni CS, Mercer RA, Mereni L, Merfeld K, Merilh EL, Merritt JD, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Meyers PM, Meylahn F, Mhaske A, Miani A, Miao H, Michaloliakos I, Michel C, Michimura Y, Middleton H, Milano L, Miller AL, Millhouse M, Mills JC, Milotti E, Milovich-Goff MC, Minazzoli O, Minenkov Y, Mio N, Mir LM, Mishkin A, Mishra C, Mishra T, Mistry T, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Miyakawa O, Miyamoto A, Miyazaki Y, Miyo K, Miyoki S, Mo G, Mogushi K, Mohapatra SRP, Mohite SR, Molina I, Molina-Ruiz M, Mondin M, Montani M, Moore CJ, Moraru D, Morawski F, More A, Moreno C, Moreno G, Mori Y, Morisaki S, Moriwaki Y, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mozzon S, Muciaccia F, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee S, Mukund N, Mullavey A, Munch J, Muñiz EA, Murray PG, Musenich R, Nadji SL, Nagano K, Nagano S, Nakamura K, Nakano H, Nakano M, Nakashima R, Nakayama Y, Nardecchia I, Narikawa T, Naticchioni L, Nayak B, Nayak RK, Negishi R, Neil BF, Neilson J, Nelemans G, Nelson TJN, Nery M, Neunzert A, Ng KY, Ng SWS, Nguyen C, Nguyen P, Nguyen T, Nguyen Quynh L, Ni WT, Nichols SA, Nishizawa A, Nissanke S, Nocera F, Noh M, Norman M, North C, Nozaki S, Nuttall LK, Oberling J, O'Brien BD, Obuchi Y, O'Dell J, Ogaki W, Oganesyan G, Oh JJ, Oh K, Oh SH, Ohashi M, Ohishi N, Ohkawa M, Ohme F, Ohta H, Okada MA, Okutani Y, Okutomi K, Olivetto C, Oohara K, Ooi C, Oram R, O'Reilly B, Ormiston RG, Ormsby ND, Ortega LF, O'Shaughnessy R, O'Shea E, Oshino S, Ossokine S, Osthelder C, Otabe S, Ottaway DJ, Overmier H, Pace AE, Pagano G, Page MA, Pagliaroli G, Pai A, Pai SA, Palamos JR, Palashov O, Palomba C, Pan K, Panda PK, Pang H, Pang PTH, Pankow C, Pannarale F, Pant BC, Paoletti F, Paoli A, Paolone A, Parisi A, Park J, Parker W, Pascucci D, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patel M, Patricelli B, Payne E, Pechsiri TC, Pedraza M, Pegoraro M, Pele A, Peña Arellano FE, Penn S, Perego A, Pereira A, Pereira T, Perez CJ, Périgois C, Perreca A, Perriès S, Petermann J, Petterson D, Pfeiffer HP, Pham KA, Phukon KS, Piccinni OJ, Pichot M, Piendibene M, Piergiovanni F, Pierini L, Pierro V, Pillant G, Pilo F, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Piotrzkowski BJ, Piotrzkowski K, Pirello M, Pitkin M, Placidi E, Plastino W, Pluchar C, Poggiani R, Polini E, Pong DYT, Ponrathnam S, Popolizio P, Porter EK, Powell J, Pracchia M, Pradier T, Prajapati AK, Prasai K, Prasanna R, Pratten G, Prestegard T, Principe M, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Prosposito P, Prudenzi L, Puecher A, Punturo M, Puosi F, Puppo P, Pürrer M, Qi H, Quetschke V, Quinonez PJ, Quitzow-James R, Raab FJ, Raaijmakers G, Radkins H, Radulesco N, Raffai P, Rail SX, Raja S, Rajan C, Ramirez KE, Ramirez TD, Ramos-Buades A, Rana J, Rapagnani P, Rapol UD, Ratto B, Raymond V, Raza N, Razzano M, Read J, Rees LA, Regimbau T, Rei L, Reid S, Reitze DH, Relton P, Rettegno P, Ricci F, Richardson CJ, Richardson JW, Richardson L, Ricker PM, Riemenschneider G, Riles K, Rizzo M, Robertson NA, Robie R, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Rocha JA, Rodriguez S, Rodriguez-Soto RD, Rolland L, Rollins JG, Roma VJ, Romanelli M, Romano R, Romel CL, Romero A, Romero-Shaw IM, Romie JH, Rose CA, Rosińska D, Rosofsky SG, Ross MP, Rowan S, Rowlinson SJ, Roy S, Roy S, Rozza D, Ruggi P, Ryan K, Sachdev S, Sadecki T, Sadiq J, Sago N, Saito S, Saito Y, Sakai K, Sakai Y, Sakellariadou M, Sakuno Y, Salafia OS, Salconi L, Saleem M, Salemi F, Samajdar A, Sanchez EJ, Sanchez JH, Sanchez LE, Sanchis-Gual N, Sanders JR, Sanuy A, Saravanan TR, Sarin N, Sassolas B, Satari H, Sato S, Sato T, Sauter O, Savage RL, Savant V, Sawada T, Sawant D, Sawant HL, Sayah S, Schaetzl D, Scheel M, Scheuer J, Schindler-Tyka A, Schmidt P, Schnabel R, Schneewind M, Schofield RMS, Schönbeck A, Schulte BW, Schutz BF, Schwartz E, Scott J, Scott SM, Seglar-Arroyo M, Seidel E, Sekiguchi T, Sekiguchi Y, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sennett N, Sentenac D, Seo EG, Sequino V, Setyawati Y, Shaffer T, Shahriar MS, Shams B, Shao L, Sharifi S, Sharma A, Sharma P, Shawhan P, Shcheblanov NS, Shen H, Shibagaki S, Shikauchi M, Shimizu R, Shimoda T, Shimode K, Shink R, Shinkai H, Shishido T, Shoda A, Shoemaker DH, Shoemaker DM, Shukla K, ShyamSundar S, Sieniawska M, Sigg D, Singer LP, Singh D, Singh N, Singha A, Sintes AM, Sipala V, Skliris V, Slagmolen BJJ, Slaven-Blair TJ, Smetana J, Smith JR, Smith RJE, Somala SN, Somiya K, Son EJ, Soni K, Soni S, Sorazu B, Sordini V, Sorrentino F, Sorrentino N, Sotani H, Soulard R, Souradeep T, Sowell E, Spagnuolo V, Spencer AP, Spera M, Srivastava AK, Srivastava V, Staats K, Stachie C, Steer DA, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, Stops DJ, Stover M, Strain KA, Strang LC, Stratta G, Strunk A, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Südbeck J, Sudhagar S, Sudhir V, Sugimoto R, Suh HG, Summerscales TZ, Sun H, Sun L, Sunil S, Sur A, Suresh J, Sutton PJ, Suzuki T, Suzuki T, Swinkels BL, Szczepańczyk MJ, Szewczyk P, Tacca M, Tagoshi H, Tait SC, Takahashi H, Takahashi R, Takamori A, Takano S, Takeda H, Takeda M, Talbot C, Tanaka H, Tanaka K, Tanaka K, Tanaka T, Tanaka T, Tanasijczuk AJ, Tanioka S, Tanner DB, Tao D, Tapia A, Tapia San Martin EN, Tapia San Martin EN, Tasson JD, Telada S, Tenorio R, Terkowski L, Test M, Thirugnanasambandam MP, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thompson JE, Thondapu SR, Thorne KA, Thrane E, Tiwari S, Tiwari S, Tiwari V, Toland K, Tolley AE, Tomaru T, Tomigami Y, Tomura T, Tonelli M, Torres-Forné A, Torrie CI, Tosta E Melo I, Töyrä D, Trapananti A, Travasso F, Traylor G, Tringali MC, Tripathee A, Troiano L, Trovato A, Trozzo L, Trudeau RJ, Tsai DS, Tsai D, Tsang KW, Tsang T, Tsao JS, Tse M, Tso R, Tsubono K, Tsuchida S, Tsukada L, Tsuna D, Tsutsui T, Tsuzuki T, Turconi M, Tuyenbayev D, Ubhi AS, Uchikata N, Uchiyama T, Udall RP, Ueda A, Uehara T, Ueno K, Ueshima G, Ugolini D, Unnikrishnan CS, Uraguchi F, Urban AL, Ushiba T, Usman SA, Utina AC, Vahlbruch H, Vajente G, Vajpeyi A, Valdes G, Valentini M, Valsan V, van Bakel N, van Beuzekom M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, Vander-Hyde DC, van der Schaaf L, van Heijningen JV, van Putten MHPM, van Remortel N, Vardaro M, Vargas AF, Varma V, Vasúth M, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Venneberg J, Venugopalan G, Verkindt D, Verma Y, Veske D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Viets AD, Villa-Ortega V, Vinet JY, Vitale S, Vo T, Vocca H, von Reis ERG, Vorvick C, Vyatchanin SP, Wade LE, Wade M, Wagner KJ, Walet RC, Walker M, Wallace GS, Wallace L, Walsh S, Wang J, Wang JZ, Wang WH, Ward RL, Warner J, Was M, Washimi T, Washington NY, Watchi J, Weaver B, Wei L, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Weller CM, Wellmann F, Wen L, Weßels P, Westhouse JW, Wette K, Whelan JT, White DD, Whiting BF, Whittle C, Wilken D, Williams D, Williams MJ, Williamson AR, Willis JL, Willke B, Wilson DJ, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wlodarczyk T, Woan G, Woehler J, Wofford JK, Wong ICF, Wrangel J, Wu C, Wu DS, Wu H, Wu S, Wysocki DM, Xiao L, Xu WR, Yamada T, Yamamoto H, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto K, Yamamoto T, Yamashita K, Yamazaki R, Yang FW, Yang L, Yang Y, Yang Y, Yang Z, Yap MJ, Yeeles DW, Yelikar AB, Ying M, Yokogawa K, Yokoyama J, Yokozawa T, Yoon A, Yoshioka T, Yu H, Yu H, Yuzurihara H, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zeidler S, Zelenova T, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhan M, Zhang H, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang R, Zhang T, Zhao C, Zhao G, Zhao Y, Zhao Y, Zhou Z, Zhu XJ, Zhu ZH, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. Constraints on Cosmic Strings Using Data from the Third Advanced LIGO-Virgo Observing Run. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 126:241102. [PMID: 34213926 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.126.241102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We search for gravitational-wave signals produced by cosmic strings in the Advanced LIGO and Virgo full O3 dataset. Search results are presented for gravitational waves produced by cosmic string loop features such as cusps, kinks, and, for the first time, kink-kink collisions. A template-based search for short-duration transient signals does not yield a detection. We also use the stochastic gravitational-wave background energy density upper limits derived from the O3 data to constrain the cosmic string tension Gμ as a function of the number of kinks, or the number of cusps, for two cosmic string loop distribution models. Additionally, we develop and test a third model that interpolates between these two models. Our results improve upon the previous LIGO-Virgo constraints on Gμ by 1 to 2 orders of magnitude depending on the model that is tested. In particular, for the one-loop distribution model, we set the most competitive constraints to date: Gμ≲4×10^{-15}. In the case of cosmic strings formed at the end of inflation in the context of grand unified theories, these results challenge simple inflationary models.
Collapse
|
40
|
Prime H, Wade M, May SS, Jenkins JM, Browne DT. The COVID-19 Family Stressor Scale: Validation and Measurement Invariance in Female and Male Caregivers. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:669106. [PMID: 34122184 PMCID: PMC8193227 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.669106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised significant concerns regarding the effect of social disruptions on parental mental health, family well-being, and children's adjustment. Due to the pace of the pandemic, measures of pandemic-related disruption have not been subject to rigorous empirical validation. To address this gap, a multi-national sample (United Kingdom, 76%; United States, 19%; Canada, 4%, and Australia, 1%) of 372 female caregivers and 158 male caregivers of 5-18-year-old children was recruited online. Participants completed a survey including a 25-item scale indexing disruption in finances, basic needs, personal and family welfare, career/education, household responsibilities, and family relationships related to the pandemic. An exploratory factor analysis yielded an optimal three-factor solution: factors included Income Stress (five items related to income, debt, and job loss; loadings ranged from 0.57 to 0.91), Family Stress (seven items related to family altercations and child management; loadings from 0.57 to 0.87), and Chaos Stress (four items related to access to supplies, crowded shopping areas, news coverage; loadings from 0.53 to 0.70). Multiple-group confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated measurement invariance of each factor across female and male caregivers, indicating that factor structure, loadings, and thresholds were equivalent across groups. Composites reflective of each factor were computed, and Mann-Whitney U tests indicated that female caregivers consistently scored higher than male caregivers on COVID-19 stressors related to income, family, and chaos. Finally, concurrent validity was demonstrated by significant bivariate correlations between each scale and caregiver, family, and child outcomes, respectively. This demonstrates the validity of the COVID-19 Family Stressor Scale for use with female and male caregivers in family-based research. The current sample was predominantly White-European, married/common-law, and had at least some post-secondary education. Additional sampling and validation efforts are required across diverse ethnic/racial and socioeconomic groups.
Collapse
|
41
|
Wade M, Plamondon A, Jenkins JM. Correction to: A Family Socialization Model of Transdiagnostic Risk for Psychopathology in Preschool Children. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:831. [PMID: 33782813 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
42
|
Wade M, Plamondon A, Jenkins JM. A Family Socialization Model of Transdiagnostic Risk for Psychopathology in Preschool Children. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2021; 49:975-988. [PMID: 33687647 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-021-00789-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This longitudinal study examined the presence of general (P) and specific internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) psychopathology factors in a community sample of preschool children. We assessed child and contextual correlates of P, INT, and EXT, and tested a model connecting socioeconomic risk to these factors through family socialization processes and child cognitive abilities. Participants were 501 children recruited at birth and followed up at 18 months and 3 years. Child and family functioning were measured using parental reports, observation, and standardized assessments. Both mothers and their partners reported on children's mental health, permitting the estimation of a trifactor model of psychopathology that captured caregivers' shared and unique perspectives with respect to P, INT, and EXT. Results revealed several transdiagnostic correlates of the common-perspective P factor, including family income, maternal education, maternal depression, and maternal responsiveness, as well as marginal associations with sibling negativity and children's language and theory of mind abilities. Several shared and unique correlates of INT and EXT were also observed. Structural equation modelling revealed that the effects of family income and maternal education on P operated indirectly through maternal responsiveness, while the effects of maternal education on INT and EXT operated through maternal reflective capacity, albeit in opposite directions. Together, these results suggest that the effects of socioeconomic disadvantage on general psychopathology are organized in a temporal cascade from distal to proximal risk.
Collapse
|
43
|
Wade M, Prime H, Johnson D, May SS, Jenkins JM, Browne DT. The disparate impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of female and male caregivers. Soc Sci Med 2021; 275:113801. [PMID: 33713927 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.113801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Caregiver mental health is crucial to the wellbeing of children. This is most apparent when caregivers face high levels of stress or life adversity. To study this phenomenon in the current global context, this study examined the relation between stress/disruption from the COVID-19 pandemic and the mental health of female and male caregivers. Pre-pandemic childhood adversity was considered as a moderator of this association. A multi-national sample (United Kingdom, 76%; United States, 19%; Canada, 4%, and Australia, 1%) was recruited in May 2020, of whom 348 female and 143 male caregivers of 5-18 year-old children provided data on the constructs of interest. At this time, caregivers reported on their history of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and COVID stress/disruption. About two months later (July 2020) caregiver mental health was evaluated. We examined differences between female and male caregivers on ACEs, COVID stress/disruption, and mental health (distress, anxiety, substance use, and posttraumatic stress). Main and interactive effects of ACEs and COVID stress/disruption on each mental health outcome were examined. Female caregivers reported higher COVID stress/disruption, more ACEs, and greater distress, anxiety, and posttraumatic stress symptoms compared to male caregivers. Among female caregivers, higher COVID stress/disruption and more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) independently predicted all mental health outcomes, consistent with a stress accumulation model. Among male caregivers, a pattern of interactions between COVID stress/disruption and ACEs suggested that the effects of COVID stress/disruption on mental health was stronger for those with higher ACEs, especially for substance use, consistent with a stress sensitization model. Higher levels of stress and mental health difficulties among female caregivers suggests a disproportionate burden due to pandemic-related disruption compared to male caregivers. Findings speak to the disparate effects of COVID-19 on the mental health of female compared to male caregivers, and the role of pre-existing vulnerabilities in shaping current adaptation.
Collapse
|
44
|
Browne DT, Wade M, May SS, Maguire N, Wise D, Estey K, Frampton P. Children’s mental health problems during the initial emergence of COVID-19. CANADIAN PSYCHOLOGY-PSYCHOLOGIE CANADIENNE 2021. [DOI: 10.1037/cap0000273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
45
|
Humphreys KL, Guyon-Harris KL, Tibu F, Wade M, Nelson CA, Fox NA, Zeanah CH. Psychiatric outcomes following severe deprivation in early childhood: Follow-up of a randomized controlled trial at age 16. J Consult Clin Psychol 2020; 88:1079-1090. [PMID: 33370132 DOI: 10.1037/ccp0000613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Early psychosocial deprivation is associated with increased risk for psychopathology, yet few studies have examined outcomes in adolescents. METHOD At baseline (M age 22 months), 136 children from Bucharest, Romania, living in large institutions, were randomized into foster care (FCG) or to care as usual (CAUG). Caregivers completed psychiatric interviews regarding their children (52 FCG; 51 CAUG) at age 16 years (M = 16.67 years; SD = 0.78) to assess past year diagnoses and symptom counts. In addition, never-institutionalized community comparison children (n = 47) were included. RESULTS Ever-institutionalized children had higher rates of meeting criteria for any psychiatric disorder and higher symptom counts of internalizing, externalizing, attention-deficit/hyperactivity, and substance use disorders compared to never-institutionalized children (ps < .05). Using intent-to-treat analyses, we found that children in the CAUG had more than twice the rate of psychiatric disorders than children in the FCG (OR = 2.48, 95% CI [1.12, 5.48]). Furthermore, children in foster care who remained in their original placement did not significantly differ in their rates of psychiatric disorders compared to never-institutionalized children. CONCLUSIONS There are many ways children can be separated from parents, including placement into institutional care. The current findings indicate that such placements are associated with significant risks for psychopathology. Moreover, we provide causal evidence for the long-lasting positive effect of foster care in reducing the risk of psychopathology in adolescence, especially among those in stable placements. These results provide strong evidence that early and stable placements into quality foster care may mitigate risk for psychopathology following severe early psychosocial deprivation. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Collapse
|
46
|
Wade M, Zeanah CH, Fox NA, Nelson CA. Social communication deficits following early-life deprivation and relation to psychopathology: a randomized clinical trial of foster care. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2020; 61:1360-1369. [PMID: 32222079 PMCID: PMC7967662 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children reared in institutions experience profound deprivation that is linked to impairments in social communication (SC). However, little is known about the long-term consequences of institutional rearing on SC through adolescence, and how SC deficits relate to broad-spectrum psychopathology. It is also unclear whether early removal from deprivation and placement into socially enriched environments remediates these difficulties. METHODS Children reared in Romanian institutions from the Bucharest Early Intervention Project were randomly assigned to care as usual or foster care intervention in early childhood. An age- and sex-matched group of never-institutionalized children was also recruited. SC data from 208 children at age 8 and 129 children at 16 were collected using the Social Communication Questionnaire. Psychopathology was assessed as saved factor scores for general (P) and specific internalizing (INT) and externalizing (EXT) problems. We examined (a) whether institutional rearing is associated with continued SC deficits into adolescence; (b) whether early placement into foster care mitigates risk for SC problems; and (c) associations between SC and psychopathology from middle childhood (age 8) to adolescence (age 16). RESULTS Findings suggest that: (a) institutionally-reared children have significantly more SC problems than never-institutionalized children at age 16; (b) children placed into foster care early in life have fewer problems with reciprocal social interaction compared to those with prolonged institutional rearing; and (c) deficits in SC at age 8 partially account for the link between institutional rearing and general psychopathology at age 16. CONCLUSIONS Early deprivation is associated with impairments in SC that persist into adolescence, with evidence for the remedial benefit of family-based care in the domain of reciprocal social interaction. Moreover, deficits in SC among ever-institutionalized children in middle childhood may increase the risk of broad-spectrum psychopathology in adolescence, thus providing one putative target for early intervention to safeguard against later psychiatric problems.
Collapse
|
47
|
Abbott R, Abbott TD, Abraham S, Acernese F, Ackley K, Adams C, Adhikari RX, Adya VB, Affeldt C, Agathos M, Agatsuma K, Aggarwal N, Aguiar OD, Aich A, Aiello L, Ain A, Ajith P, Akcay S, Allen G, Allocca A, Altin PA, Amato A, Anand S, Ananyeva A, Anderson SB, Anderson WG, Angelova SV, Ansoldi S, Antier S, Appert S, Arai K, Araya MC, Areeda JS, Arène M, Arnaud N, Aronson SM, Arun KG, Asali Y, Ascenzi S, Ashton G, Aston SM, Astone P, Aubin F, Aufmuth P, AultONeal K, Austin C, Avendano V, Babak S, Bacon P, Badaracco F, Bader MKM, Bae S, Baer AM, Baird J, Baldaccini F, Ballardin G, Ballmer SW, Bals A, Balsamo A, Baltus G, Banagiri S, Bankar D, Bankar RS, Barayoga JC, Barbieri C, Barish BC, Barker D, Barkett K, Barneo P, Barone F, Barr B, Barsotti L, Barsuglia M, Barta D, Bartlett J, Bartos I, Bassiri R, Basti A, Bawaj M, Bayley JC, Bazzan M, Bécsy B, Bejger M, Belahcene I, Bell AS, Beniwal D, Benjamin MG, Bentley JD, Bergamin F, Berger BK, Bergmann G, Bernuzzi S, Berry CPL, Bersanetti D, Bertolini A, Betzwieser J, Bhandare R, Bhandari AV, Bidler J, Biggs E, Bilenko IA, Billingsley G, Birney R, Birnholtz O, Biscans S, Bischi M, Biscoveanu S, Bisht A, Bissenbayeva G, Bitossi M, Bizouard MA, Blackburn JK, Blackman J, Blair CD, Blair DG, Blair RM, Bobba F, Bode N, Boer M, Boetzel Y, Bogaert G, Bondu F, Bonilla E, Bonnand R, Booker P, Boom BA, Bork R, Boschi V, Bose S, Bossilkov V, Bosveld J, Bouffanais Y, Bozzi A, Bradaschia C, Brady PR, Bramley A, Branchesi M, Brau JE, Breschi M, Briant T, Briggs JH, Brighenti F, Brillet A, Brinkmann M, Brockill P, Brooks AF, Brooks J, Brown DD, Brunett S, Bruno G, Bruntz R, Buikema A, Bulik T, Bulten HJ, Buonanno A, Buscicchio R, Buskulic D, Byer RL, Cabero M, Cadonati L, Cagnoli G, Cahillane C, Calderón Bustillo J, Callaghan JD, Callister TA, Calloni E, Camp JB, Canepa M, Cannon KC, Cao H, Cao J, Carapella G, Carbognani F, Caride S, Carney MF, Carullo G, Casanueva Diaz J, Casentini C, Castañeda J, Caudill S, Cavaglià M, Cavalier F, Cavalieri R, Cella G, Cerdá-Durán P, Cesarini E, Chaibi O, Chakravarti K, Chan C, Chan M, Chandra K, Chao S, Charlton P, Chase EA, Chassande-Mottin E, Chatterjee D, Chaturvedi M, Chatziioannou K, Chen HY, Chen X, Chen Y, Cheng HP, Cheong CK, Chia HY, Chiadini F, Chierici R, Chincarini A, Chiummo A, Cho G, Cho HS, Cho M, Christensen N, Chu Q, Chua S, Chung KW, Chung S, Ciani G, Ciecielag P, Cieślar M, Ciobanu AA, Ciolfi R, Cipriano F, Cirone A, Clara F, Clark JA, Clearwater P, Clesse S, Cleva F, Coccia E, Cohadon PF, Cohen D, Colleoni M, Collette CG, Collins C, Colpi M, Constancio M, Conti L, Cooper SJ, Corban P, Corbitt TR, Cordero-Carrión I, Corezzi S, Corley KR, Cornish N, Corre D, Corsi A, Cortese S, Costa CA, Cotesta R, Coughlin MW, Coughlin SB, Coulon JP, Countryman ST, Couvares P, Covas PB, Coward DM, Cowart MJ, Coyne DC, Coyne R, Creighton JDE, Creighton TD, Cripe J, Croquette M, Crowder SG, Cudell JR, Cullen TJ, Cumming A, Cummings R, Cunningham L, Cuoco E, Curylo M, Canton TD, Dálya G, Dana A, Daneshgaran-Bajastani LM, D'Angelo B, Danilishin SL, D'Antonio S, Danzmann K, Darsow-Fromm C, Dasgupta A, Datrier LEH, Dattilo V, Dave I, Davier M, Davies GS, Davis D, Daw EJ, DeBra D, Deenadayalan M, Degallaix J, De Laurentis M, Deléglise S, Delfavero M, De Lillo N, Del Pozzo W, DeMarchi LM, D'Emilio V, Demos N, Dent T, De Pietri R, De Rosa R, De Rossi C, DeSalvo R, de Varona O, Dhurandhar S, Díaz MC, Diaz-Ortiz M, Dietrich T, Di Fiore L, Di Fronzo C, Di Giorgio C, Di Giovanni F, Di Giovanni M, Di Girolamo T, Di Lieto A, Ding B, Di Pace S, Di Palma I, Di Renzo F, Divakarla AK, Dmitriev A, Doctor Z, Donovan F, Dooley KL, Doravari S, Dorrington I, Downes TP, Drago M, Driggers JC, Du Z, Ducoin JG, Dupej P, Durante O, D'Urso D, Dwyer SE, Easter PJ, Eddolls G, Edelman B, Edo TB, Edy O, Effler A, Ehrens P, Eichholz J, Eikenberry SS, Eisenmann M, Eisenstein RA, Ejlli A, Errico L, Essick RC, Estelles H, Estevez D, Etienne ZB, Etzel T, Evans M, Evans TM, Ewing BE, Fafone V, Fairhurst S, Fan X, Farinon S, Farr B, Farr WM, Fauchon-Jones EJ, Favata M, Fays M, Fazio M, Feicht J, Fejer MM, Feng F, Fenyvesi E, Ferguson DL, Fernandez-Galiana A, Ferrante I, Ferreira EC, Ferreira TA, Fidecaro F, Fiori I, Fiorucci D, Fishbach M, Fisher RP, Fittipaldi R, Fitz-Axen M, Fiumara V, Flaminio R, Floden E, Flynn E, Fong H, Font JA, Forsyth PWF, Fournier JD, Frasca S, Frasconi F, Frei Z, Freise A, Frey R, Frey V, Fritschel P, Frolov VV, Fronzè G, Fulda P, Fyffe M, Gabbard HA, Gadre BU, Gaebel SM, Gair JR, Galaudage S, Ganapathy D, Ganguly A, Gaonkar SG, García-Quirós C, Garufi F, Gateley B, Gaudio S, Gayathri V, Gemme G, Genin E, Gennai A, George D, George J, Gergely L, Ghonge S, Ghosh A, Ghosh A, Ghosh S, Giacomazzo B, Giaime JA, Giardina KD, Gibson DR, Gier C, Gill K, Glanzer J, Gniesmer J, Godwin P, Goetz E, Goetz R, Gohlke N, Goncharov B, González G, Gopakumar A, Gossan SE, Gosselin M, Gouaty R, Grace B, Grado A, Granata M, Grant A, Gras S, Grassia P, Gray C, Gray R, Greco G, Green AC, Green R, Gretarsson EM, Griggs HL, Grignani G, Grimaldi A, Grimm SJ, Grote H, Grunewald S, Gruning P, Guidi GM, Guimaraes AR, Guixé G, Gulati HK, Guo Y, Gupta A, Gupta A, Gupta P, Gustafson EK, Gustafson R, Haegel L, Halim O, Hall ED, Hamilton EZ, Hammond G, Haney M, Hanke MM, Hanks J, Hanna C, Hannam MD, Hannuksela OA, Hansen TJ, Hanson J, Harder T, Hardwick T, Haris K, Harms J, Harry GM, Harry IW, Hasskew RK, Haster CJ, Haughian K, Hayes FJ, Healy J, Heidmann A, Heintze MC, Heinze J, Heitmann H, Hellman F, Hello P, Hemming G, Hendry M, Heng IS, Hennes E, Hennig J, Heurs M, Hild S, Hinderer T, Hoback SY, Hochheim S, Hofgard E, Hofman D, Holgado AM, Holland NA, Holt K, Holz DE, Hopkins P, Horst C, Hough J, Howell EJ, Hoy CG, Huang Y, Hübner MT, Huerta EA, Huet D, Hughey B, Hui V, Husa S, Huttner SH, Huxford R, Huynh-Dinh T, Idzkowski B, Iess A, Inchauspe H, Ingram C, Intini G, Isac JM, Isi M, Iyer BR, Jacqmin T, Jadhav SJ, Jadhav SP, James AL, Jani K, Janthalur NN, Jaranowski P, Jariwala D, Jaume R, Jenkins AC, Jiang J, Johns GR, Johnson-McDaniel NK, Jones AW, Jones DI, Jones JD, Jones P, Jones R, Jonker RJG, Ju L, Junker J, Kalaghatgi CV, Kalogera V, Kamai B, Kandhasamy S, Kang G, Kanner JB, Kapadia SJ, Karki S, Kashyap R, Kasprzack M, Kastaun W, Katsanevas S, Katsavounidis E, Katzman W, Kaufer S, Kawabe K, Kéfélian F, Keitel D, Keivani A, Kennedy R, Key JS, Khadka S, Khalili FY, Khan I, Khan S, Khan ZA, Khazanov EA, Khetan N, Khursheed M, Kijbunchoo N, Kim C, Kim GJ, Kim JC, Kim K, Kim W, Kim WS, Kim YM, Kimball C, King PJ, Kinley-Hanlon M, Kirchhoff R, Kissel JS, Kleybolte L, Klimenko S, Knowles TD, Knyazev E, Koch P, Koehlenbeck SM, Koekoek G, Koley S, Kondrashov V, Kontos A, Koper N, Korobko M, Korth WZ, Kovalam M, Kozak DB, Kringel V, Krishnendu NV, Królak A, Krupinski N, Kuehn G, Kumar A, Kumar P, Kumar R, Kumar R, Kumar S, Kuo L, Kutynia A, Lackey BD, Laghi D, Lalande E, Lam TL, Lamberts A, Landry M, Lane BB, Lang RN, Lange J, Lantz B, Lanza RK, La Rosa I, Lartaux-Vollard A, Lasky PD, Laxen M, Lazzarini A, Lazzaro C, Leaci P, Leavey S, Lecoeuche YK, Lee CH, Lee HM, Lee HW, Lee J, Lee K, Lehmann J, Leroy N, Letendre N, Levin Y, Li AKY, Li J, Li K, Li TGF, Li X, Linde F, Linker SD, Linley JN, Littenberg TB, Liu J, Liu X, Llorens-Monteagudo M, Lo RKL, Lockwood A, London LT, Longo A, Lorenzini M, Loriette V, Lormand M, Losurdo G, Lough JD, Lousto CO, Lovelace G, Lück H, Lumaca D, Lundgren AP, Ma Y, Macas R, Macfoy S, MacInnis M, Macleod DM, MacMillan IAO, Macquet A, Magaña Hernandez I, Magaña-Sandoval F, Magee RM, Majorana E, Maksimovic I, Malik A, Man N, Mandic V, Mangano V, Mansell GL, Manske M, Mantovani M, Mapelli M, Marchesoni F, Marion F, Márka S, Márka Z, Markakis C, Markosyan AS, Markowitz A, Maros E, Marquina A, Marsat S, Martelli F, Martin IW, Martin RM, Martinez V, Martynov DV, Masalehdan H, Mason K, Massera E, Masserot A, Massinger TJ, Masso-Reid M, Mastrogiovanni S, Matas A, Matichard F, Mavalvala N, Maynard E, McCann JJ, McCarthy R, McClelland DE, McCormick S, McCuller L, McGuire SC, McIsaac C, McIver J, McManus DJ, McRae T, McWilliams ST, Meacher D, Meadors GD, Mehmet M, Mehta AK, Mejuto Villa E, Melatos A, Mendell G, Mercer RA, Mereni L, Merfeld K, Merilh EL, Merritt JD, Merzougui M, Meshkov S, Messenger C, Messick C, Metzdorff R, Meyers PM, Meylahn F, Mhaske A, Miani A, Miao H, Michaloliakos I, Michel C, Middleton H, Milano L, Miller AL, Millhouse M, Mills JC, Milotti E, Milovich-Goff MC, Minazzoli O, Minenkov Y, Mishkin A, Mishra C, Mistry T, Mitra S, Mitrofanov VP, Mitselmakher G, Mittleman R, Mo G, Mogushi K, Mohapatra SRP, Mohite SR, Molina-Ruiz M, Mondin M, Montani M, Moore CJ, Moraru D, Morawski F, Moreno G, Morisaki S, Mours B, Mow-Lowry CM, Mozzon S, Muciaccia F, Mukherjee A, Mukherjee D, Mukherjee S, Mukherjee S, Mukund N, Mullavey A, Munch J, Muñiz EA, Murray PG, Nagar A, Nardecchia I, Naticchioni L, Nayak RK, Neil BF, Neilson J, Nelemans G, Nelson TJN, Nery M, Neunzert A, Ng KY, Ng S, Nguyen C, Nguyen P, Nichols D, Nichols SA, Nissanke S, Nitz A, Nocera F, Noh M, North C, Nothard D, Nuttall LK, Oberling J, O'Brien BD, Oganesyan G, Ogin GH, Oh JJ, Oh SH, Ohme F, Ohta H, Okada MA, Oliver M, Olivetto C, Oppermann P, Oram RJ, O'Reilly B, Ormiston RG, Ortega LF, O'Shaughnessy R, Ossokine S, Osthelder C, Ottaway DJ, Overmier H, Owen BJ, Pace AE, Pagano G, Page MA, Pagliaroli G, Pai A, Pai SA, Palamos JR, Palashov O, Palomba C, Pan H, Panda PK, Pang PTH, Pankow C, Pannarale F, Pant BC, Paoletti F, Paoli A, Parida A, Parker W, Pascucci D, Pasqualetti A, Passaquieti R, Passuello D, Patricelli B, Payne E, Pearlstone BL, Pechsiri TC, Pedersen AJ, Pedraza M, Pele A, Penn S, Perego A, Perez CJ, Périgois C, Perreca A, Perriès S, Petermann J, Pfeiffer HP, Phelps M, Phukon KS, Piccinni OJ, Pichot M, Piendibene M, Piergiovanni F, Pierro V, Pillant G, Pinard L, Pinto IM, Piotrzkowski K, Pirello M, Pitkin M, Plastino W, Poggiani R, Pong DYT, Ponrathnam S, Popolizio P, Porter EK, Powell J, Prajapati AK, Prasai K, Prasanna R, Pratten G, Prestegard T, Principe M, Prodi GA, Prokhorov L, Punturo M, Puppo P, Pürrer M, Qi H, Quetschke V, Quinonez PJ, Raab FJ, Raaijmakers G, Radkins H, Radulesco N, Raffai P, Rafferty H, Raja S, Rajan C, Rajbhandari B, Rakhmanov M, Ramirez KE, Ramos-Buades A, Rana J, Rao K, Rapagnani P, Raymond V, Razzano M, Read J, Regimbau T, Rei L, Reid S, Reitze DH, Rettegno P, Ricci F, Richardson CJ, Richardson JW, Ricker PM, Riemenschneider G, Riles K, Rizzo M, Robertson NA, Robinet F, Rocchi A, Rodriguez-Soto RD, Rolland L, Rollins JG, Roma VJ, Romanelli M, Romano R, Romel CL, Romero-Shaw IM, Romie JH, Rose CA, Rose D, Rose K, Rosińska D, Rosofsky SG, Ross MP, Rowan S, Rowlinson SJ, Roy PK, Roy S, Roy S, Ruggi P, Rutins G, Ryan K, Sachdev S, Sadecki T, Sakellariadou M, Salafia OS, Salconi L, Saleem M, Salemi F, Samajdar A, Sanchez EJ, Sanchez LE, Sanchis-Gual N, Sanders JR, Santiago KA, Santos E, Sarin N, Sassolas B, Sathyaprakash BS, Sauter O, Savage RL, Savant V, Sawant D, Sayah S, Schaetzl D, Schale P, Scheel M, Scheuer J, Schmidt P, Schnabel R, Schofield RMS, Schönbeck A, Schreiber E, Schulte BW, Schutz BF, Schwarm O, Schwartz E, Scott J, Scott SM, Seidel E, Sellers D, Sengupta AS, Sennett N, Sentenac D, Sequino V, Sergeev A, Setyawati Y, Shaddock DA, Shaffer T, Sharifi S, Shahriar MS, Sharma A, Sharma P, Shawhan P, Shen H, Shikauchi M, Shink R, Shoemaker DH, Shoemaker DM, Shukla K, ShyamSundar S, Siellez K, Sieniawska M, Sigg D, Singer LP, Singh D, Singh N, Singha A, Singhal A, Sintes AM, Sipala V, Skliris V, Slagmolen BJJ, Slaven-Blair TJ, Smetana J, Smith JR, Smith RJE, Somala S, Son EJ, Soni S, Sorazu B, Sordini V, Sorrentino F, Souradeep T, Sowell E, Spencer AP, Spera M, Srivastava AK, Srivastava V, Staats K, Stachie C, Standke M, Steer DA, Steinke M, Steinlechner J, Steinlechner S, Steinmeyer D, Stevenson S, Stocks D, Stops DJ, Stover M, Strain KA, Stratta G, Strunk A, Sturani R, Stuver AL, Sudhagar S, Sudhir V, Summerscales TZ, Sun L, Sunil S, Sur A, Suresh J, Sutton PJ, Swinkels BL, Szczepańczyk MJ, Tacca M, Tait SC, Talbot C, Tanasijczuk AJ, Tanner DB, Tao D, Tápai M, Tapia A, Tapia San Martin EN, Tasson JD, Taylor R, Tenorio R, Terkowski L, Thirugnanasambandam MP, Thomas M, Thomas P, Thompson JE, Thondapu SR, Thorne KA, Thrane E, Tinsman CL, Saravanan TR, Tiwari S, Tiwari S, Tiwari V, Toland K, Tonelli M, Tornasi Z, Torres-Forné A, Torrie CI, Tosta E Melo I, Töyrä D, Travasso F, Traylor G, Tringali MC, Tripathee A, Trovato A, Trudeau RJ, Tsang KW, Tse M, Tso R, Tsukada L, Tsuna D, Tsutsui T, Turconi M, Ubhi AS, Udall R, Ueno K, Ugolini D, Unnikrishnan CS, Urban AL, Usman SA, Utina AC, Vahlbruch H, Vajente G, Valdes G, Valentini M, van Bakel N, van Beuzekom M, van den Brand JFJ, Van Den Broeck C, Vander-Hyde DC, van der Schaaf L, Van Heijningen JV, van Veggel AA, Vardaro M, Varma V, Vass S, Vasúth M, Vecchio A, Vedovato G, Veitch J, Veitch PJ, Venkateswara K, Venugopalan G, Verkindt D, Veske D, Vetrano F, Viceré A, Viets AD, Vinciguerra S, Vine DJ, Vinet JY, Vitale S, Vivanco FH, Vo T, Vocca H, Vorvick C, Vyatchanin SP, Wade AR, Wade LE, Wade M, Walet R, Walker M, Wallace GS, Wallace L, Walsh S, Wang JZ, Wang S, Wang WH, Ward RL, Warden ZA, Warner J, Was M, Watchi J, Weaver B, Wei LW, Weinert M, Weinstein AJ, Weiss R, Wellmann F, Wen L, Weßels P, Westhouse JW, Wette K, Whelan JT, Whiting BF, Whittle C, Wilken DM, Williams D, Willis JL, Willke B, Winkler W, Wipf CC, Wittel H, Woan G, Woehler J, Wofford JK, Wong ICF, Wright JL, Wu DS, Wysocki DM, Xiao L, Yamamoto H, Yang L, Yang Y, Yang Z, Yap MJ, Yazback M, Yeeles DW, Yu H, Yu H, Yuen SHR, Zadrożny AK, Zadrożny A, Zanolin M, Zelenova T, Zendri JP, Zevin M, Zhang J, Zhang L, Zhang T, Zhao C, Zhao G, Zhou M, Zhou Z, Zhu XJ, Zimmerman AB, Zucker ME, Zweizig J. GW190521: A Binary Black Hole Merger with a Total Mass of 150 M_{⊙}. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:101102. [PMID: 32955328 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.101102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On May 21, 2019 at 03:02:29 UTC Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo observed a short duration gravitational-wave signal, GW190521, with a three-detector network signal-to-noise ratio of 14.7, and an estimated false-alarm rate of 1 in 4900 yr using a search sensitive to generic transients. If GW190521 is from a quasicircular binary inspiral, then the detected signal is consistent with the merger of two black holes with masses of 85_{-14}^{+21} M_{⊙} and 66_{-18}^{+17} M_{⊙} (90% credible intervals). We infer that the primary black hole mass lies within the gap produced by (pulsational) pair-instability supernova processes, with only a 0.32% probability of being below 65 M_{⊙}. We calculate the mass of the remnant to be 142_{-16}^{+28} M_{⊙}, which can be considered an intermediate mass black hole (IMBH). The luminosity distance of the source is 5.3_{-2.6}^{+2.4} Gpc, corresponding to a redshift of 0.82_{-0.34}^{+0.28}. The inferred rate of mergers similar to GW190521 is 0.13_{-0.11}^{+0.30} Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1}.
Collapse
|
48
|
Adjei A, Beg M, Melear J, Thompson J, Tsai FC, Baranda J, Bastos B, Spira A, Lou Y, Seetharam M, Uemura M, Camidge D, Yamamoto N, Cowey C, Doi T, Anthony S, Janat-Amsbury M, Wade M, Bearss D, Sarantopoulos J. 536MO A phase I, first-in-human, safety, pharmacokinetic, and pharmacodynamic study of oral dubermatinib (TP-0903) in patients with advanced solid tumours. Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
|
49
|
Wade M, Prime H, Browne DT. Why we need longitudinal mental health research with children and youth during (and after) the COVID-19 pandemic. Psychiatry Res 2020; 290:113143. [PMID: 32502829 PMCID: PMC7253952 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
50
|
Taverna JA, Hung CN, Lin CL, Osmulski PA, Gaczynska ME, Wang CM, Lucio ND, Chen M, Chou CW, Nazarullah A, Lampkin SR, Qiu L, Bearss DJ, Warner S, Mouritsen L, Wade M, DeArmond D, Mesa R, Kirma N, Huang THM. Abstract B29: AXL Inhibitor TP-0903 attenuates TGFβ-Hippo signaling in lung adenocarcinoma cells. Mol Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1557-3125.hippo19-b29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a molecularly heterogeneous disease with a high propensity for drug resistance and metastasis. AXL, a member of the Tyro3-AXL-Mer (TAM) family of receptor tyrosine kinases, is a central regulator of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and enables tumor cells to invade and acquire drug resistance. AXL is overexpressed in NSCLC and its expression correlates positively with tumor invasion, drug resistance, and negatively predicts overall survival. We mechanistically interrogated the effects of the AXL inhibitor, TP-0903, on EMT in NSCLC cells using transcriptomic and proteomic profiling.
Methods: Atomic force microscopy, Western blot analysis, RNA sequencing, and mass cytometry (CyTOF) were used to evaluate the phenotypic, transcriptomic, and proteomic profiles of A549 cells treated with 40 nM TP-0903 or shAXL knockdown. A549 and H1650 NSCLC xenograft models were used to explore the consequences of AXL inhibition in vivo.
Results: As expected, TP-0903 treatment attenuated AXL signaling and downstream phosphorylation in the A549 cells. Interestingly, the treatment also reduced gene expression responses to TGFβ-Hippo signaling by disrupting the transcriptional complexes formed by SMAD2/3, SMAD4, YAP1, and TAZ. Consistent with AXL inhibition, TP-0903 reversed the mesenchymal phenotype in A549 and H2009 cell lines and decreased their migratory potential in culture. The CyTOF analysis on TP-0903-treated cells identified resistant clones overexpressing TGFβ receptor II (TGFBR2) and TAZ proteins and displaying hybrid EMT phenotypes. TP-0903 was also active in suppressing A549 or H1650 tumor growth in vivo.
Conclusions: We are the first to report the interplay between AXL and TGFβ-Hippo signaling axis. TP-0903 has excellent therapeutic promise in NSCLC and we speculate that TP-0903 can target mesenchymal transitional states in NSCLC, possibly through the inhibition of the AXL-TGFβ-Hippo signaling axis.
Citation Format: Josephine A. Taverna, Chia-Nung Hung, Chun-Lin Lin, Pawel A. Osmulski, Maria E. Gaczynska, Chiou-Miin Wang, Nicholas D. Lucio, Meizhen Chen, Chih-Wei Chou, Alia Nazarullah, Shellye R. Lampkin, Lianquin Qiu, David J. Bearss, Steve Warner, Lars Mouritsen, Mark Wade, Daniel DeArmond, Ruben Mesa, Nameer Kirma, Tim H.-M. Huang. AXL Inhibitor TP-0903 attenuates TGFβ-Hippo signaling in lung adenocarcinoma cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Hippo Pathway: Signaling, Cancer, and Beyond; 2019 May 8-11; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2020;18(8_Suppl):Abstract nr B29.
Collapse
|