101
|
Hsu LW, Liu PY. P3786The role of rho kinases in thrombin-stimulated platelets and monocyte platelet aggregates in atherothrombosis. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy563.p3786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L W Hsu
- National Cheng Kung University, The institute of basic medical sciences, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| | - P Y Liu
- National Cheng Kung University, The institute of clinical medicine, Tainan, Taiwan ROC
| |
Collapse
|
102
|
Liu XW, Liu PY, Jiang C, Gao YH. [Glucocorticoids and liver diseases]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2018; 26:557-560. [PMID: 30317784 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2018.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids is a type of steroid hormone secreted from zona fasciculata of adrenal cortex.As an immune and inflammatory inhibitor, glucocorticoids has been used to treat many kinds of diseases.T cell response plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of liver diseases. However, the role of glucocorticoids in the mechanism and treatment of liver disease in current clinical practice is controversial. This paper summarizes the progress of glucocorticoid use for the treatment of liver diseases in recent years. References will be provided for how to grasp the indications,application timing and proper dosage of glucocorticoids in liver diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X W Liu
- Department of Hepatology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
103
|
Liu PY, Zhou Q, Liu CY. [The controversy and challenge of anticoagulant therapy for hepatic cirrhosis with portal vein thrombosis]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2018; 57:532-534. [PMID: 29996277 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
|
104
|
Huang YT, Chen JM, Ho BC, Wu ZY, Kuo RC, Liu PY. Genome Sequencing and Comparative Analysis of Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila Reveal Evolutionary Insights Into Sulfamethoxazole Resistance. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1013. [PMID: 29867899 PMCID: PMC5966563 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Stenotrophomonas acidaminiphila is an aerobic, glucose non-fermentative, Gram-negative bacterium that been isolated from various environmental sources, particularly aquatic ecosystems. Although resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents has been reported in S. acidaminiphila, the mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, for the first time, we report the complete genome and antimicrobial resistome analysis of a clinical isolate S. acidaminiphila SUNEO which is resistant to sulfamethoxazole. Comparative analysis among closely related strains identified common and strain-specific genes. In particular, comparison with a sulfamethoxazole-sensitive strain identified a mutation within the sulfonamide-binding site of folP in SUNEO, which may reduce the binding affinity of sulfamethoxazole. Selection pressure analysis indicated folP in SUNEO is under purifying selection, which may be owing to long-term administration of sulfonamide against Stenotrophomonas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ting Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Min Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Bing-Ching Ho
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences and Medical Biotechnology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zong-Yen Wu
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Rita C Kuo
- DOE Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- The Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
105
|
Huang YT, Tang YY, Cheng JF, Wu ZY, Mao YC, Liu PY. Genome Analysis of Multidrug-Resistant Shewanella algae Isolated From Human Soft Tissue Sample. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:419. [PMID: 29755354 PMCID: PMC5932639 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ting Huang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Yu Tang
- Department of Computer Science and Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Fang Cheng
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA, United States
| | - Zong-Yen Wu
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Chiao Mao
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Nursing, Shu-Zen Junior College of Medicine and Management, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
106
|
Tzeng BW, Liu PY, Hu SY. Acute respiratory distress syndrome associated with femoral osteomyelitis. Br J Hosp Med (Lond) 2018. [DOI: 10.12968/hmed.2018.79.3.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wei Tzeng
- Consultant, Department of Emergency Medicine, Nantou Hospital, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Nantou County, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Consultant, Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung City, Taiwan
| | - Sung-Yuan Hu
- Consultant, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital; School of Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University; Department of Nursing, College of Health, National Taichung University of Science and Technology, Taichung 40705, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
107
|
Lu HP, Liu PY, Wang YB, Hsieh JF, Ho HC, Huang SW, Lin CY, Hsieh CH, Yu HT. Functional Characteristics of the Flying Squirrel's Cecal Microbiota under a Leaf-Based Diet, Based on Multiple Meta-Omic Profiling. Front Microbiol 2018; 8:2622. [PMID: 29354108 PMCID: PMC5758534 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.02622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian herbivores rely on microbial activities in an expanded gut chamber to convert plant biomass into absorbable nutrients. Distinct from ruminants, small herbivores typically have a simple stomach but an enlarged cecum to harbor symbiotic microbes; however, knowledge of this specialized gut structure and characteristics of its microbial contents is limited. Here, we used leaf-eating flying squirrels as a model to explore functional characteristics of the cecal microbiota adapted to a high-fiber, toxin-rich diet. Specifically, environmental conditions across gut regions were evaluated by measuring mass, pH, feed particle size, and metabolomes. Then, parallel metagenomes and metatranscriptomes were used to detect microbial functions corresponding to the cecal environment. Based on metabolomic profiles, >600 phytochemical compounds were detected, although many were present only in the foregut and probably degraded or transformed by gut microbes in the hindgut. Based on metagenomic (DNA) and metatranscriptomic (RNA) profiles, taxonomic compositions of the cecal microbiota were dominated by bacteria of the Firmicutes taxa; they contained major gene functions related to degradation and fermentation of leaf-derived compounds. Based on functional compositions, genes related to multidrug exporters were rich in microbial genomes, whereas genes involved in nutrient importers were rich in microbial transcriptomes. In addition, genes encoding chemotaxis-associated components and glycoside hydrolases specific for plant beta-glycosidic linkages were abundant in both DNA and RNA. This exploratory study provides findings which may help to form molecular-based hypotheses regarding functional contributions of symbiotic gut microbiota in small herbivores with folivorous dietary habits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsiao-Pei Lu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University & Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-bin Wang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Fan Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Han-Chen Ho
- Department of Anatomy, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wei Huang
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yen Lin
- Institute of Information Science, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-hao Hsieh
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Oceanography, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- National Center for Theoretical Sciences, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hon-Tsen Yu
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University & Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
108
|
Koppel S, Charlton JL, Hua P, Liu PY, Pham H, Stephan K, Logan D, St Louis RM, Gao G, Griffiths D, Williams G, Witharanage T, Di Stefano M, Darzins P, Odell M, Porter MM, Mazer B, Gelinas I, Vrkljan B, Marshall S. Are older drivers' driving patterns during an on-road driving task representative of their real-world driving patterns? Traffic Inj Prev 2018; 19:S173-S175. [PMID: 30841798 DOI: 10.1080/15389588.2018.1532219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study investigated whether older drivers' driving patterns during a customized on-road driving task were representative of their real-world driving patterns. METHODS Two hundred and eight participants (male: 68.80%; mean age = 81.52 years, SD = 3.37 years, range = 76.00-96.00 years) completed a customized on-road driving task that commenced from their home and was conducted in their own vehicle. Participants' real-world driving patterns for the preceding 4-month period were also collected via an in-car recording device (ICRD) that was installed in each participant's vehicle. RESULTS During the 4-month period prior to completing the on-road driving task, participants' median real-world driving trip distance was 2.66 km (interquartile range [IQR] = 1.14-5.79 km) and their median on-road driving task trip distance was 4.41 km (IQR = 2.83-6.35 km). Most participants' on-road driving task trip distances were classified as representative of their real-world driving trip distances (95.2%, n = 198). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that most older drivers were able to devise a driving route that was representative of their real-world driving trip distance. Future research will examine whether additional aspects of the on-road driving task (e.g., average speed, proportion of trips in different speed zones) are representative of participants' real-world driving patterns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Koppel
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Victoria , Australia
| | - J L Charlton
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Victoria , Australia
| | - P Hua
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Victoria , Australia
| | - P Y Liu
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Victoria , Australia
| | - H Pham
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Victoria , Australia
| | - K Stephan
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Victoria , Australia
| | - D Logan
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Victoria , Australia
| | - R M St Louis
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Victoria , Australia
| | - G Gao
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Victoria , Australia
| | - D Griffiths
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Victoria , Australia
| | - G Williams
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Victoria , Australia
| | - T Witharanage
- a Monash University Accident Research Centre , Victoria , Australia
| | | | - P Darzins
- c Eastern Health , Victoria, Australia
| | - M Odell
- d Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine , Victoria, Australia
| | - M M Porter
- e Faculty of Kinesiology and Recreation Management, and Centre on Aging , University of Manitoba , Canada
| | - B Mazer
- f McGill University , Winnipeg, Canada
| | - I Gelinas
- f McGill University , Winnipeg, Canada
| | - B Vrkljan
- g McMaster University , Hamilton, Canada
| | - S Marshall
- h Ottawa Hospital Research Institute , Ottawa, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
109
|
Cheng CL, Chiang LC, Ho CH, Liu PY, Lai CS, Lai KL, Lin WL, Mao YC. "Ulnar artery pseudoaneurysm and compartment syndrome formation after snake bite to the left forearm" by Lan Pin et al., Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2017 Nov. 10. Clin Toxicol (Phila) 2017; 56:676-677. [PMID: 29260951 DOI: 10.1080/15563650.2017.1416623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Lung Cheng
- a Department of Emergency Medicine , Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital , Kaohsiung , Taiwan.,b Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine , Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Liao-Chun Chiang
- c National Tsing Hua University, College of Life Sciences , Hsinchu , Taiwan.,d School of Medicine , National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Ho
- d School of Medicine , National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan.,e Department of Emergency Medicine , Tri-Service General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- f Division of Infection, Department of Medicine , Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan.,g Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Lai
- h Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery , Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lung Lai
- i Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine , Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Wen-Loung Lin
- j Taichung Wildlife Conservation Group , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Yan-Chiao Mao
- b Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine , Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan.,d School of Medicine , National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan.,k Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan.,l Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine , National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
110
|
Liu PY, Liu XW, Jiang C. [A noteworthy disease: non-alcoholic fatty pancreatic disease]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 97:3283-3285. [PMID: 29141370 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.42.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
|
111
|
Huang YT, Cheng JF, Liu YT, Mao YC, Wu MS, Liu PY. Genome-based analysis of virulence determinants of a Serratia marcescens strain from soft tissues following a snake bite. Future Microbiol 2017; 13:331-343. [PMID: 29105506 DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Serratia marcescens wound infection after snakebite is often associated with aggressive presentations. However, the virulence determinants remain understudied. MATERIALS & METHODS Whole-genome sequencing was performed on S. marcescens VGH107, an isolate from wound infection secondary to Trimeresurus mucrosquamatus bite. Comparative genomics approach coupled with multivirulent-locus sequencing typing was applied to systematically predict potential virulence factors. RESULTS Multivirulent-locus sequencing typing indicated VGH107 falls within the cluster of high pathogenic strains. Comparative analysis identified virulence genes unique in VGH107, including ecpD and ecpE genes for periplasmic chaperone-pilus subunit complex and cdiA and cdiB genes for contact-dependent growth inhibition system. CONCLUSION The data established here provide foundation for further research regarding the virulence and resistance of S. marcescens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yao-Ting Huang
- Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Jan-Fang Cheng
- Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA
| | - Yi-Ting Liu
- Department of Computer Science & Information Engineering, National Chung Cheng University, Chia-Yi, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Chiao Mao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Meng-San Wu
- Division of Infection & Immunity, University College London, London, UK
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, College of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
112
|
Abstract
AbstractAlthough specific antivenom is available in Taiwan, respiratory failure and general pain frequently accompany Bungarus multicinctus envenomation and there have been few reports on the management of B. multicinctus envenomation. We retrospectively analyzed 44 cases of B. multicinctus bite admitted to Taichung Veterans General Hospital (VGH) or to Taipei VGH. Demographic data, treatment, and outcome of patients with and without respiratory failure were compared. In this study, 20.5% patients had bites without noticeable signs or symptoms of significant envenoming, 27.3% developed respiratory failure, and 27.3% experienced general pain. Bivalent specific antivenom for B. multicinctus and N. atra was administered in all envenomed cases. Respiratory failure occurred 1.5-6.5 hours post-bite and general pain occurred 1-12 hours post-bite. Specific antivenom for B. multicinctus and N. atra at the recommended dose (i.e., 2-4 vials) might not effectively prevent respiratory failure and pain. Respiratory failure, general pain, and autonomic effects after B. multicinctus bite were probably caused, at least partly, by β-bungarotoxin. Although general weakness, ptosis, dysarthria, and dilated pupils were significantly associated with respiratory failure, their predictive value could not be accurately determined in such a retrospective study. Due to the rapid onset of respiratory failure, every suspected envenomed case thus should be closely monitored in the first few hours. We recommend the initial administration of four vials of antivenom in all envenomation cases, and a subsequent four vials be considered if the patient's condition is deteriorating. Prospective evaluation of the antivenom dosing regimen is urgently needed to improve B. multicinctus envenomation treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chiao Mao
- Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Division of Infection, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liao-Chun Chiang
- National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Miaoli, Taiwan.,National Tsing Hua University, College of Life Sciences, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Liao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Guang Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Yuan Su
- Department of Emergency Medicine, E-Da Hospital, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Yin Hsieh
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Yang
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
113
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Naja atra snakebite is uncommon in Taiwan and causes distinct effects on its victims. Although the Taiwan government produces its own specific antivenom, little information on the management of N. atra snakebite is available. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively evaluated 183 patients admitted to two medical centers. Of these, 45 were identified as definite cases of N. atra snakebite, 86 as suspected cases, and 52 as clinical cases. Demographic data, symptomatology, and management were compared between these case groups. RESULTS Symptomatology and management were similar in the three groups. Among the 183 patients, 10 (5.5%) were asymptomatic and nine (4.9%) had transient and partial ptosis or body weakness. The principal effects were local tissue swelling and pain in 173 patients (94.5%), followed by clinically suspected wound infection in 148 (80.9%), skin necrosis in 120 (65.6%), necrotizing soft tissue infection in 77 (42.1%), fever in 59 (32.2%), and gastrointestinal effects in 53 (29%). The median total dose of specific antivenom needed to treat N. atra envenoming was 10 vials. In the envenomed patients, debridement was required in 74 patients (42.8%), fasciotomy/fasciectomy in 46 (26.6%), and finger or toe amputation in seven (4%). The first operation was performed at a median of 3.5 days after the bite. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Based on these typical manifestations, clinical diagnosis of N. atra snakebites may be feasible and practical. In contrast to other snakes of Elapidae family, N. atra bite did not cause serious neurological effects. Early surgical consultation should be obtained because half of the patients underwent surgery due to infectious complications. Acute compartment syndrome was the surgical indication in rare cases; however, overestimation of the incidence may have occurred. This syndrome should be confirmed by serial intracompartmental pressure monitoring instead of only physical examination, and a sufficient dose of antivenom should be given prior to surgical decompression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chiao Mao
- a Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine , Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan.,b Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan.,c Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan.,d School of Medicine , National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- e Division of Infection, Department of Medicine , Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan.,f Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine , National Chung Hsing University , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Liao-Chun Chiang
- g College of Life Sciences , National Tsing Hua University , Hsinchu , Taiwan
| | - Chih-Sheng Lai
- h Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery , Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Lung Lai
- i Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Department of Medicine , Taichung Veterans General Hospital , Taichung , Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsuan Ho
- d School of Medicine , National Defense Medical Center , Taipei , Taiwan.,j Department of Emergency Medicine , Tri-Service General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan
| | - Te-Huo Wang
- b Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan.,k Department of Emergency Medicine , National Yang-Ming University Hospital , Yilan , Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Yang
- b Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine , Taipei Veterans General Hospital , Taipei , Taiwan.,c Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences , School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University , Taipei , Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
114
|
Chao WC, Chuang PC, Wu DH, Wu CL, Liu PY, Shieh CC, Jou R. Using genotyping to delineate tuberculosis transmission in long-term care facilities: single facility 4-year experience. BMC Infect Dis 2017; 17:421. [PMID: 28610564 PMCID: PMC5470217 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-017-2526-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Residents in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) are vulnerable to tuberculosis (TB) transmission; however, to delineate possible routes of TB transmission in LTCFs is difficult. This study aimed to address the use of regular genotyping surveillance to delineate TB transmission in LTCFs. Methods All of Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates in the reported 620-bed LTCF between July 2011 and August 2015 were genotyped, and we retrospectively compared epidemiological data and genotyping results. Results A total of 42 subjects were diagnosed with culture-positive pulmonary TB infection during the 4-year period. Their median age was 76.5 years, and 64.3% (27/42) of them were male. Genotyping identified 5 clustered TB infections involving 76.2% (32/42) of all TB subjects. In a multivariate logistic regression model adjusted for age, sex, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and body mass index, subjects with clustered TB infection were less likely to be Activities of Daily Living (ADL)-dependence (adjOR 0.073, 95% CI 0.007–0.758) when compared with subjects having individual TB infections. Prolonged surveillance is essential given that the median interval to diagnose secondary subjects was 673 days. Finally, only 63.0% (17/27) of the 27 secondary TB subjects in this study had contact history with index subject in the same ward. Conclusions In conclusion, possible routes of TB transmission in a complex TB outbreak at LTCFs might be delineated by routine genotyping surveillance and regular health check-up. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12879-017-2526-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Chao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chun Chuang
- Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, No.6, Linsen S. Rd., Jhongjheng District, Taipei City, 10050, Taiwan
| | - Don-Han Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital Chiayi branch, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Liang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.,Center for Quality Management, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Center for Quality Management, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Shieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Ruwen Jou
- Reference Laboratory of Mycobacteriology, Tuberculosis Research Center, Centers for Disease Control, No.6, Linsen S. Rd., Jhongjheng District, Taipei City, 10050, Taiwan. .,Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
115
|
Cheng CL, Mao YC, Liu PY, Chiang LC, Liao SC, Yang CC. Deinagkistrodon acutus envenomation: a report of three cases. J Venom Anim Toxins Incl Trop Dis 2017; 23:20. [PMID: 28344596 PMCID: PMC5364662 DOI: 10.1186/s40409-017-0111-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Deinagkistrodon acutus envenomation is associated with severe hematological and wound complications but is rarely described. Case presentation Herein, we report three cases of victims bitten by D. acutus and indicate that rapid-onset severe coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia are distinct features of D. acutus snakebite, which are not observed in other crotaline snakebites (i.e., Trimeresurus stejnegeri and Protobothrops mucrosquamatus) in Taiwan. The toxic effects could occur as early as 2 to 3 h following D. acutus envenomation and persist if the administration of specific antivenom is delayed or even not commenced. Based on our findings, 2 to 4 vials of specific antivenom as the first dose should be administered to victims and repeated at 6 to 8 h intervals if coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia persists. Fresh frozen plasma or platelet replacement is probably safe as an adjunct therapy for D. acutus bite in the presence of venom-induced consumptive coagulopathy. Conclusion Severe coagulopathy and thrombocytopenia could occur as early as 2 to 3 h after D. acutus envenomation. The current recommendation for antivenom is 2 to 4 vials as the first dose and repeated every 6– to 8 h if coagulopathy or thrombocytopenia persists. These cases studied may be helpful to first-line medical personnel in the early diagnosis and management of D. acutus envenomation among other crotaline snakebites in Taiwan.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Lung Cheng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yan-Chiao Mao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Division of Clinical Toxicology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201 Sec. 2, Shipai Road., Taipei, 112 Taiwan.,Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infection, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liao-Chun Chiang
- National Tsing Hua University, College of Life Sciences, Hsinchu, Taiwan.,National Health Research Institutes, National Institute of Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, Zhunan, Miaoli Taiwan
| | - Shu-Chen Liao
- Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Chang Guang Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, 201 Sec. 2, Shipai Road., Taipei, 112 Taiwan.,Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
116
|
Mao WF, Wu YF, Yang QQ, Zhou YL, Wang XT, Liu PY, Tang JB. Modulation of digital flexor tendon healing by vascular endothelial growth factor gene transfection in a chicken model. Gene Ther 2017; 24:234-240. [DOI: 10.1038/gt.2017.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
117
|
Ayoub R, Page ST, Swerdloff RS, Liu PY, Amory JK, Leung A, Hull L, Blithe D, Christy A, Chao JH, Bremner WJ, Wang C. Comparison of the single dose pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of two novel oral formulations of dimethandrolone undecanoate (DMAU): a potential oral, male contraceptive. Andrology 2016; 5:278-285. [PMID: 27907978 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Dimethandrolone (DMA, 7α,11β-dimethyl-19-nortestosterone) has both androgenic and progestational activities, ideal properties for a male hormonal contraceptive. In vivo, dimethandrolone undecanoate (DMAU) is hydrolyzed to DMA. We showed previously that single oral doses of DMAU powder in capsule taken with food are well tolerated and effective at suppressing both LH and testosterone (T), but absorption was low. We compared the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of two new formulations of DMAU, in castor oil and in self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS), with the previously tested powder formulation. DMAU was dosed orally in healthy adult male volunteers at two academic medical centers. For each formulation tested in this double-blind, placebo-controlled study, 10 men received single, escalating, oral doses of DMAU (100, 200, and 400 mg) and two subjects received placebo. All doses were evaluated for both fasting and with a high fat meal. All three formulations were well tolerated without clinically significant changes in vital signs, blood counts, or serum chemistries. For all formulations, DMA and DMAU showed higher maximum (p < 0.007) and average concentrations (p < 0.002) at the 400 mg dose, compared with the 200 mg dose. The powder formulation resulted in a lower conversion of DMAU to DMA (p = 0.027) compared with both castor oil and SEDDS formulations. DMAU in SEDDS given fasting resulted in higher serum DMA and DMAU concentrations compared to the other two formulations. Serum LH and sex hormone concentrations were suppressed by all formulations of 200 and 400 mg DMAU when administered with food, but only the SEDDS formulation was effectively suppressed serum T when given fasting. We conclude that while all three formulations of oral DMAU are effective and well tolerated when administered with food, DMAU in oil and SEDDS increased conversion to DMA, and SEDDS may have some effectiveness when given fasting. These properties might be advantageous for the application of DMAU as a male contraceptive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R Ayoub
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - S T Page
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - R S Swerdloff
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - P Y Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - J K Amory
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - A Leung
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - L Hull
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - D Blithe
- Contraception Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A Christy
- Contraception Research Branch, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - J H Chao
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - W J Bremner
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - C Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
118
|
Ren YY, Zhou LC, Yang L, Liu PY, Zhao BW, Liu HX. Predicting the aquatic toxicity mode of action using logistic regression and linear discriminant analysis. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2016; 27:721-746. [PMID: 27653817 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2016.1229691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The paper highlights the use of the logistic regression (LR) method in the construction of acceptable statistically significant, robust and predictive models for the classification of chemicals according to their aquatic toxic modes of action. Essentials accounting for a reliable model were all considered carefully. The model predictors were selected by stepwise forward discriminant analysis (LDA) from a combined pool of experimental data and chemical structure-based descriptors calculated by the CODESSA and DRAGON software packages. Model predictive ability was validated both internally and externally. The applicability domain was checked by the leverage approach to verify prediction reliability. The obtained models are simple and easy to interpret. In general, LR performs much better than LDA and seems to be more attractive for the prediction of the more toxic compounds, i.e. compounds that exhibit excess toxicity versus non-polar narcotic compounds and more reactive compounds versus less reactive compounds. In addition, model fit and regression diagnostics was done through the influence plot which reflects the hat-values, studentized residuals, and Cook's distance statistics of each sample. Overdispersion was also checked for the LR model. The relationships between the descriptors and the aquatic toxic behaviour of compounds are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Ren
- a School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou , P.R. China
| | - L C Zhou
- b College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , P.R. China
| | - L Yang
- a School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou , P.R. China
| | - P Y Liu
- a School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou , P.R. China
| | - B W Zhao
- a School of Environmental and Municipal Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University , Lanzhou , P.R. China
| | - H X Liu
- c School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University , Lanzhou , P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
119
|
Liu PY, Zhang W. Short-term androgen therapy for men treated regularly with opioids for chronic noncancer pain: time will tell. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf) 2016; 85:170-1. [PMID: 27177598 DOI: 10.1111/cen.13102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Torrance, CA, USA
| | - W Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute (LA BioMed), Torrance, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
120
|
Chao WC, Wu CL, Liu PY, Shieh CC. Regular Sputum Check-Up for Early Diagnosis of Tuberculosis after Exposure in Healthcare Facilities. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157054. [PMID: 27258370 PMCID: PMC4892557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The early diagnosis of patients with TB disease is critical after an outbreak of tuberculosis (TB) infection in healthcare facilities. In this study, we report a catastrophic TB outbreak in a psychiatric healthcare facility and analyze the role of regular sputum check-ups and other diagnostic tools to facilitate an early diagnosis. Methods Every exposed participant received regular sputum check-ups and chest X-rays (CXR) as part of the outbreak management protocol. We retrospectively analyzed data from the contact participants to identify risk factors for eventual TB development and investigated the diagnostic efficacy of regular sputum check-ups. Results Among 133 contact participants, 16 (12.0%) developed TB during the 4-year follow-up period. Low body-mass-index (BMI) (<21) (adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) 3.16, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.11–8.98) and long duration of contact (>3 months) (aHR 8.70, 95% CI, 1.14–63.34) independently predicted the development of TB. Even though regular sputum check-ups required significant resources, they did facilitate the early identification of new TB cases among the contact participants. Regular sputum check-ups for high-risk patients based on BMI, contact duration and CXR findings may be a practical approach when compared with universal sputum follow-up, with a slightly decreased sensitivity but high positive likelihood ratio (88%, [95% CI, 62–98%] and 5.12, [95%CI, 3.30–7.95], respectively). Conclusion While regular sputum check-ups for all contact participants facilitated the early identification of cases after the outbreak of TB in the healthcare facility, regular sputum check-ups for high-risk patients might be an effective alternative in resource-limited settings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Cheng Chao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Liang Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Center for Quality Management, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veteran General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chang Shieh
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, National Cheng Kung University Hospital, Tainan, Taiwan
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
121
|
Mao YC, Liu PY, Hung DZ, Lai WC, Huang ST, Hung YM, Yang CC. Bacteriology of Naja atra Snakebite Wound and Its Implications for Antibiotic Therapy. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2016; 94:1129-35. [PMID: 26976881 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.15-0667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 112 cases of Naja atra envenomation were examined at two referring hospitals: Taichung Veterans General Hospital in central Taiwan and Taipei Veterans General Hospital (VGH-TP) in northern Taiwan. Overall, 77% (86/112) of cases developed clinically suspected wound infections and 54% (61/112) required surgery secondary to tissue necrosis, finger or toe gangrene, and/or necrotizing fasciitis. Morganella morganii was the most abundant gram-negative bacterial strain isolated from bite wounds, followed by Proteus spp., Aeromonas hydrophila, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Providencia spp. in descending order; Enterococcus spp. were the most common gram-positive bacteria and Bacteroides spp. were the only anaerobic bacteria. A few episodes of bacteremia were caused by Bacteroides and Shewanella spp. There were no significant variations in the distribution of bacterial species between these two hospitals except for a higher incidence of M. morganii, Enterococcus spp., and polymicrobial infection observed at VGH-TP, which may have been related to variations in the fecal flora of prey and oral flora of individual snakes in different geographic areas in Taiwan. According to the susceptibility test involving various pathogens, first-line drug options for the management of N. atra snakebite wound infections may include monotherapy with ureidopenicillin or combination therapy with aminopenicillin and a third-generation cephalosporin or fluoroquinolone. A prospective evaluation of empiric antibiotic therapy for the management of N. atra snakebite should be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Chiao Mao
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Infection, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Toxicology, Trauma and Emergency Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Infection, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Toxicology, Trauma and Emergency Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Dong-Zong Hung
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Infection, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Toxicology, Trauma and Emergency Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Cheng Lai
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Infection, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Toxicology, Trauma and Emergency Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Ting Huang
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Infection, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Toxicology, Trauma and Emergency Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Min Hung
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Infection, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Toxicology, Trauma and Emergency Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Chang Yang
- Division of Clinical Toxicology, Department of Emergency Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Clinical Toxicology and Occupational Medicine, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; Division of Infection, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Toxicology, Trauma and Emergency Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Nephrology, Department of Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Emergency Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Institute of Public Health, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
122
|
Liu PY, Chin LK, Ser W, Chen HF, Hsieh CM, Lee CH, Sung KB, Ayi TC, Yap PH, Liedberg B, Wang K, Bourouina T, Leprince-Wang Y. Cell refractive index for cell biology and disease diagnosis: past, present and future. Lab Chip 2016; 16:634-44. [PMID: 26732872 DOI: 10.1039/c5lc01445j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 210] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Cell refractive index is a key biophysical parameter, which has been extensively studied. It is correlated with other cell biophysical properties including mechanical, electrical and optical properties, and not only represents the intracellular mass and concentration of a cell, but also provides important insight for various biological models. Measurement techniques developed earlier only measure the effective refractive index of a cell or a cell suspension, providing only limited information on cell refractive index and hence hindering its in-depth analysis and correlation. Recently, the emergence of microfluidic, photonic and imaging technologies has enabled the manipulation of a single cell and the 3D refractive index of a single cell down to sub-micron resolution, providing powerful tools to study cells based on refractive index. In this review, we provide an overview of cell refractive index models and measurement techniques including microfluidic chip-based techniques for the last 50 years, present the applications and significance of cell refractive index in cell biology, hematology, and pathology, and discuss future research trends in the field, including 3D imaging methods, integration with microfluidics and potential applications in new and breakthrough research areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Liu
- Université Paris-Est, UPEM, F-77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
123
|
Melehan KL, Hoyos CM, Yee BJ, Wong KK, Buchanan PR, Grunstein RR, Liu PY. Increased sexual desire with exogenous testosterone administration in men with obstructive sleep apnea: a randomized placebo-controlled study. Andrology 2015; 4:55-61. [PMID: 26610430 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 09/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone (T) deficiency, sexual dysfunction, obesity and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) are common and often coexist. T prescriptions have increased worldwide during the last decade, including to those with undiagnosed or untreated OSA. The effect of T administration on sexual function, neurocognitive performance and quality of life in these men is poorly defined. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of T administration on sexual function, quality of life and neurocognitive performance in obese men with OSA. We also secondarily examined whether baseline T might modify the effects of T treatment by dichotomizing on baseline T levels pre-specified at 8, 11 and 13 nmol/L. This was a randomized placebo-controlled study in which 67 obese men with OSA (mean age 49 ± 1.3 years) were randomized to receive intramuscular injections of either 1000 mg T undecanoate or placebo at baseline, week 6 and week 12. All participants were concurrently enrolled in a weight loss program. General and sleep-related quality of life, neurocognitive performance and subjective sexual function were assessed before and 6, 12 and 18 weeks after therapy. T compared to placebo increased sexual desire (p = 0.004) in all men, irrespective of baseline T levels. There were no differences in erectile function, frequency of sexual attempts, orgasmic ability, general or sleep-related quality of life or neurocognitive function (all p = NS). In those with baseline T levels below 8 nmol/L, T increased vitality (p = 0.004), and reduced reports of feeling down (p = 0.002) and nervousness (p = 0.03). Our findings show that 18 weeks of T therapy increased sexual desire in obese men with OSA independently of baseline T levels whereas improvements in quality of life were evident only in those with T levels below 8 nmol/L. These small improvements would need to be balanced against potentially more serious adverse effects of T therapy on breathing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K L Melehan
- NHMRC Centre for The Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - C M Hoyos
- NHMRC Centre for The Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B J Yee
- NHMRC Centre for The Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - K K Wong
- NHMRC Centre for The Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - P R Buchanan
- NHMRC Centre for The Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory Medicine, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R R Grunstein
- NHMRC Centre for The Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Respiratory and Sleep Medicine, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Camperdown, NSW, Australia
| | - P Y Liu
- NHMRC Centre for The Integrated Research and Understanding of Sleep, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
124
|
Wu YF, Mao WF, Zhou YL, Wang XT, Liu PY, Tang JB. Adeno-associated virus-2-mediated TGF-β1 microRNA transfection inhibits adhesion formation after digital flexor tendon injury. Gene Ther 2015; 23:167-75. [PMID: 26381218 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2015.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Revised: 09/08/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion formation after digital flexor tendon injury greatly affects gliding function of the tendon, which is a major clinical complication after hand surgery. Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) has a critical role in adhesion formation during tendon healing. Persistent regulation of TGF-β1 through application of microRNA (miRNA) specifically inhibiting the function of TGF-β1 (TGF-β1-miRNA) holds promise for treatment of such a complication. Adeno-associated virus (AAV) was used to transfer TGF-β1-miRNA to the chicken digital flexor tendons, which had been injured and surgically repaired. Four doses of AAV2-TGF-β1-miRNA (2 × 10¹¹, 2 × 10¹⁰, 2 × 10⁹ and 2 × 10⁸ vector genomes (vg)) were used to determine the transfection efficiency. At postoperative 3 weeks, we found a positive correlation between the administered AAV2-TGF-β1-miRNA doses and transfection efficiency. The transfection rate ranged from 10% to 77% as the doses increased. Production of TGF-β1 protein in the tendons decreased on increasing vector dosage. When 2 × 10¹¹ and 2 × 10¹⁰) vg were injected into the tendon, gliding excursion of the repaired tendon and work of flexion of chicken toes were significantly increased and adhesion score decreased 6 and 8 weeks later, indicating the improvement of tendon gliding and decreases in adhesion formations. However, the ultimate strength of the tendons transfected at the dose of 2 × 10¹⁰ vg was 12-24% lower than that of the control tendons. The results of this study demonstrate that application of TGF-β1-miRNA had a mixed impact on tendon healing: adhesion around the tendon is reduced but strength of the tendon healing is adversely affected. Future studies should aim at maintaining the beneficial effects of reducing tendon adhesions, while eliminating the adverse effects of decreasing the healing strength.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y F Wu
- Hand Surgery Research Center, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - W F Mao
- Department of Anatomy, Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - Y L Zhou
- Hand Surgery Research Center, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| | - X T Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - P Y Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, The Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - J B Tang
- Hand Surgery Research Center, Department of Hand Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu, China
| |
Collapse
|
125
|
Tang HL, Lai YC, Chiou CS, Liu PY, Weng LL, Hou W, Cheng KS, Tung KC, Lu MC. Liver abscess caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae in a red-footed tortoise. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection 2015; 48:347-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmii.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2013] [Revised: 12/06/2013] [Accepted: 12/07/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
126
|
Surampudi P, Chang I, Lue Y, Doumit T, Jia Y, Atienza V, Liu PY, Swerdloff RS, Wang C. Humanin protects against chemotherapy-induced stage-specific male germ cell apoptosis in rats. Andrology 2015; 3:582-589. [PMID: 25891800 DOI: 10.1111/andr.12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/22/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Humanin (HN) has cytoprotective action on male germ cells after testicular stress induced by heat and hormonal deprivation. To examine whether HN has protective effects on chemotherapy-induced male germ cell apoptosis, we treated four groups of adult rats with (i) vehicle (control), (ii) HN, (iii) cyclophosphamide (CP); or (iv) HN+CP. To investigate whether the protective effects of HN on germ cells require the presence of Leydig cells, another four groups of rats were pre-treated with ethane dimethanesulfonate (EDS), a Leydig cell toxicant, to eliminate Leydig cells. After 3 days, when Leydig cells were depleted by EDS, we administered: (i) vehicle, (ii) HN, (iii) CP; or (iv) HN+CP to rats. All rats were killed 12 h after the injection of HN and/or CP. Germ cell apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay and quantified by numerical count. Compared with control and HN (alone), CP significantly increased germ cell apoptosis; HN +CP significantly reduced CP-induced apoptosis at early (I-VI) and late stages (IX-XIV) but not at middle stages (VII-VIII) of the seminiferous epithelial cycle. Pre-treatment with EDS markedly suppressed serum and intratesticular testosterone (T) levels, and significantly increased germ cell apoptosis at the middle (VII-VIII) stages. CP did not further increase germ cell apoptosis in the EDS-pre-treated rats. HN significantly attenuated germ cell apoptosis at the middle stages in EDS pre-treated rats. To investigate whether HN has any direct effects on Leydig cell function, adult Leydig cells were isolated and treated with ketoconazole (KTZ) to block testosterone synthesis. HN was not effective in preventing the reduction of T production by KTZ in vitro. We conclude that HN decreases CP and/or EDS-induced germ cell apoptosis in a stage-specific fashion. HN acts directly on germ cells to protect against EDS-induced apoptosis in the absence of Leydig cells and intratesticular testosterone levels are very low.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Surampudi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - I Chang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Y Lue
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - T Doumit
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Y Jia
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - V Atienza
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - P Y Liu
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - R S Swerdloff
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - C Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Medicine, Harbor UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, CA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
127
|
Liu PY, Chin LK, Ser W, Ayi TC, Yap PH, Bourouina T, Leprince-Wang Y. An optofluidic imaging system to measure the biophysical signature of single waterborne bacteria. Lab Chip 2014; 14:4237-4243. [PMID: 25205636 DOI: 10.1039/c4lc00783b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, for the first time, an on-chip optofluidic imaging system is innovated to measure the biophysical signatures of single waterborne bacteria, including both their refractive indices and morphologies (size and shape), based on immersion refractometry. The key features of the proposed optofluidic imaging platform include (1) multiple sites for single-bacterium trapping, which enable parallel measurements to achieve higher throughput, and (2) a chaotic micromixer, which enables efficient refractive index variation of the surrounding medium. In the experiments, the distinctive refractive index of Echerichia coli, Shigella flexneri and Vibrio cholera are measured with a high precision of 5 × 10(-3) RIU. The developed optofluidic imaging system has high potential not only for building up a database of biophysical signatures of waterborne bacteria, but also for developing single-bacterium detection in treated water that is in real-time, label-free and low cost.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Liu
- Université Paris-Est, UPEM, F-77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
128
|
Tsai PJ, Chen SCJ, Hsu CY, Wu CW, Wu YC, Hung CS, Yang AC, Liu PY, Biswal B, Lin CP. Local awakening: Regional reorganizations of brain oscillations after sleep. Neuroimage 2014; 102 Pt 2:894-903. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2013] [Revised: 06/21/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
|
129
|
Carrell DT, Rajpert-De Meyts E, Krausz C, Jannini EA, Liu PY, Gerton GL, La Salle S, Amaral A. The need of continuous focus on improved mentoring of trainees and young investigators in the field of andrology: highlights of current programs and opportunities for the future. Andrology 2014; 2:649-51. [PMID: 25124511 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00259.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D T Carrell
- Departments of Surgery (Urology), Human Genetics, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
130
|
Bowden LG, Maini PK, Moulton DE, Tang JB, Wang XT, Liu PY, Byrne HM. An ordinary differential equation model for full thickness wounds and the effects of diabetes. J Theor Biol 2014; 361:87-100. [PMID: 25017724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtbi.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2014] [Revised: 06/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/01/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Wound healing is a complex process in which a sequence of interrelated phases contributes to a reduction in wound size. For diabetic patients, many of these processes are compromised, so that wound healing slows down. In this paper we present a simple ordinary differential equation model for wound healing in which attention focusses on the dominant processes that contribute to closure of a full thickness wound. Asymptotic analysis of the resulting model reveals that normal healing occurs in stages: the initial and rapid elastic recoil of the wound is followed by a longer proliferative phase during which growth in the dermis dominates healing. At longer times, fibroblasts exert contractile forces on the dermal tissue, the resulting tension stimulating further dermal tissue growth and enhancing wound closure. By fitting the model to experimental data we find that the major difference between normal and diabetic healing is a marked reduction in the rate of dermal tissue growth for diabetic patients. The model is used to estimate the breakdown of dermal healing into two processes: tissue growth and contraction, the proportions of which provide information about the quality of the healed wound. We show further that increasing dermal tissue growth in the diabetic wound produces closure times similar to those associated with normal healing and we discuss the clinical implications of this hypothesised treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L G Bowden
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - P K Maini
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - D E Moulton
- Wolfson Centre for Mathematical Biology, Mathematical Institute, University of Oxford, Andrew Wiles Building, Radcliffe Observatory Quarter, Woodstock Road, Oxford OX2 6GG, UK
| | - J B Tang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - X T Wang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - P Y Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - H M Byrne
- Department of Computer Science, University of Oxford, Wolfson Building, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
131
|
Sun Y, Liu PY, Scarlett CJ, Malyukova A, Liu B, Marshall GM, MacKenzie KL, Biankin AV, Liu T. Histone deacetylase 5 blocks neuroblastoma cell differentiation by interacting with N-Myc. Oncogene 2014; 33:2987-94. [PMID: 23812427 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2013.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/31/2013] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The N-Myc oncoprotein induces neuroblastoma, which arises from undifferentiated neuroblasts in the sympathetic nervous system, by modulating gene and protein expression and consequently causing cell differentiation block and cell proliferation. The class IIa histone deacetylase 5 (HDAC5) represses gene transcription, and blocks myoblast, osteoblast and leukemia cell differentiation. Here we showed that N-Myc upregulated HDAC5 expression in neuroblastoma cells. Conversely, HDAC5 repressed the ubiquitin-protein ligase NEDD4 gene expression, increased Aurora A gene expression and consequently upregulated N-Myc protein expression. Genome-wide gene expression analysis and protein co-immunoprecipitation assays revealed that HDAC5 and N-Myc repressed the expression of a common subset of genes by forming a protein complex, whereas HDAC5 and the class III HDAC SIRT2 independently repressed the expression of another common subset of genes without forming a protein complex. Moreover, HDAC5 blocked differentiation and induced proliferation in neuroblastoma cells. Taken together, our data identify HDAC5 as a novel co-factor in N-Myc oncogenesis, and provide the evidence for the potential application of HDAC5 inhibitors in the therapy of N-Myc-induced neuroblastoma and potentially other c-Myc-induced malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Sun
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - P Y Liu
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - C J Scarlett
- 1] School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Ourimbah, New South Wales, Australia [2] Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A Malyukova
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - B Liu
- 1] Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia [2] Kids Cancer Alliance, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - G M Marshall
- 1] Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia [2] Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - K L MacKenzie
- Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - A V Biankin
- 1] Cancer Research Program, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia [2] Department of Surgery, Bankstown Hospital, Bankstown, New South Wales, Australia [3] South Western Sydney Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Liverpool, New South Wales, Australia
| | - T Liu
- 1] Children's Cancer Institute Australia for Medical Research, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia [2] School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW Medicine, University of New South Wales, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
132
|
Takahashi PY, Liu PY, Veldhuis JD. Distinct roles of age and abdominal visceral fat in reducing androgen receptor-dependent negative feedback on LH secretion in healthy men. Andrology 2014; 2:588-95. [PMID: 24782426 DOI: 10.1111/j.2047-2927.2014.00218.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Testosterone (T) impacts luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion through negative feedback via the androgen receptor (AR) in the hypothalamo-pituitary system. An untested postulate is that increasing body mass index (BMI), abdominal visceral fat (AVF) or total abdominal fat (TAF) with ageing decreases LH secretion by heightening T negative feedback via AR. This hypothesis was tested in a prospective, randomized double-blind cross-over study of 19 healthy men comparing the effects of flutamide, a selective non-steroidal AR antagonist and placebo administration on basal and pulsatile LH secretion as a function of age and obesity measures. To this end, serum levels of 2-hydroxyflutamide (2-OHF), a major active flutamide metabolite, were measured by mass spectrometry, and AVF/TAF quantified by abdominal computerized tomography. Statistical analysis showed that antiandrogen administration elevated 6-h mean LH concentrations to 5.4 ± 1.3 IU/L compared with 3.3 ± 1.2 IU/L for placebo (p < 10(-3) ), and total T by 35% (p < 10(-4) ). The LH-T concentration product doubled (p < 10(-8) ). According to deconvolution analysis, flutamide exposure increased total LH secretion (p < 10(-3) ) and pulsatile LH secretion (p = 0.0077), along with LH pulse frequency (p = 0.019). Despite feedback inhibition, the LH-T product declined as a linear function of AVF (p = 0.021) and TAF (p = 0.017). This was explained by the fact that higher BMI was associated with lower 2-OHF concentrations (R = -0.562, p = 0.012). In contrast, age was associated with less pulsatile LH secretion (R = -0.567, p = 0.011) even when LH responses were normalized to antiantrogen levels. In conclusion, increased AVF, TAF and BMI predict decreased LH and flutamide blood levels, whereas older age is marked by impaired stimulation of pulsatile LH secretion even when normalized for antiandrogen levels, suggesting different mechanisms of regulation by adiposity and age.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Takahashi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Endocrine Research Unit, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Center for Translational Science Activities, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
133
|
Liu PY, Shi ZY, Tung KC, Shyu CL, Chan KW, Liu JW, Wu ZY, Kao CC, Huang YC, Lin CF. Antimicrobial resistance to cefotaxime and ertapenem in Enterobacteriaceae: the effects of altering clinical breakpoints. J Infect Dev Ctries 2014; 8:289-96. [DOI: 10.3855/jidc.3335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) updated its antimicrobial susceptibility testing interpretation criteria for Enterobacteriaceae. This study assessed the effects of clinical breakpoint changes in the CLSI 2009 to 2012 guidelines on antibiotic susceptibility testing reports. Methodology: In total, 2,076 non-duplicate clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae were analyzed. The disk diffusion method was used for susceptibility testing. The CLSI 2009-12 clinical breakpoints were applied to determine susceptibility of cefotaxime and ertapenem. Combined-disk testing was used for phenotypic confirmation of extended-spectrum beta–lactamase (ESBL) production. Results: In total, Enterobacteriaceae resistance rates to cefotaxime increased from 13.1% using the CLSI 2009 guidelines to 23.6% with the CLSI 2010-12 guidelines, and the resistance rates to ertapenem were 0.4%, 1.0% and 0.8% with CLSI 2009, 2011 and 2012, respectively. Based on the 2010-12 CLSI criteria, all ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were resistant to cefotaxime. Marked differences in susceptibility to ertapenem between the 2009 CLSI criteria and 2012-12 CLSI criteria were noted in ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. Conclusions: Breakpoints changes in the updated CLSI guidelines resulted in higher resistance rates to cefotaxime and ertapenem. In addition, the effects were different in individual Enterobacteriaceae species. As a result, clinicians may opt to use alternative antimicrobial agents. Upon implementation of the newer CLSI guidelines, laboratories should be aware of the possible consequences and closely monitor the effects.
Collapse
|
134
|
Liu PY, Shi ZY, Shyu CL, Wu ZY, Lai KL, Chang CY, Chen YJ, Huang JA, Mao YC, Tung KC. Cobra bite wound infection caused by Shewanella algae. Int J Infect Dis 2014; 20:11-2. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2013.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
|
135
|
Liu PY, Li B, Liu HD, Tian L. Photochemical behavior of fenpropathrin and λ-cyhalothrin in solution. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:1993-2001. [PMID: 24019141 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-2119-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The photodegradation processes of fenpropathrin and λ-cyhalothrin were studied in hexane, methanol/water (1:1, v/v), and acetone in both ultraviolet light and simulated sunlight. Intermediates in the photodegradation process were identified using gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and the analysis of intermediates was used to speculate on possible photodegradation pathways. The photodegradation processes of fenpropathrin and λ-cyhalothrin followed pseudo first-order kinetics. The photodegradation rates varied according to the solvent in decreasing order: hexane>methanol/water (1:1, v/v)>acetone. The effects of substances coexisting in the environment on the photodegradation of pyrethroids were also investigated in the research. Acetone, humic acid, and riboflavin increased photodegradation rates while L-ascorbic acid slowed the process. This study provides a theoretical basis for the removal of pyrethroid pollution from the natural environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China.
| | - B Li
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - H D Liu
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| | - L Tian
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Hebei University, Baoding, 071002, China
| |
Collapse
|
136
|
Nikolaenko L, Jia Y, Wang C, Diaz-Arjonilla M, Yee JK, French SW, Liu PY, Laurel S, Chong C, Lee K, Lue Y, Lee WNP, Swerdloff RS. Testosterone replacement ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in castrated male rats. Endocrinology 2014; 155:417-28. [PMID: 24280056 PMCID: PMC5393315 DOI: 10.1210/en.2013-1648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is common in developed countries and is associated with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and type 2 diabetes. T deficiency is a risk factor for developing these metabolic deficiencies, but its role in hepatic steatosis has not been well studied. We investigated the effects of T on the pathogenesis of hepatic steatosis in rats fed a high-fat diet (HFD). Adult male rats were randomly placed into four groups and treated for 15 weeks: intact rats on regular chow diet (RCD), intact rats on liquid HFD (I+HFD), castrated rats on HFD (C+HFD), and castrated rats with T replacement on HFD (C+HFD+T). Fat contributed 71% energy to the HFD but only 16% of energy to the RCD. Serum T level was undetectable in castrated rats, and T replacement led to 2-fold higher mean serum T levels than in intact rats. C+HFD rats gained less weight but had higher percentage body fat than C+HFD+T. Severe micro- and macrovesicular fat accumulated in hepatocytes with multiple inflammatory foci in the livers of C+HFD. I+HFD and C+HFD+T hepatocytes demonstrated only mild to moderate microvesicular steatosis. T replacement attenuated HFD-induced hepatocyte apoptosis in castrated rats. Serum glucose and insulin levels were not increased with HFD in any group. Immunoblots showed that insulin-regulated proteins were not changed in any group. This study demonstrates that T deficiency may contribute to the severity of hepatic steatosis and T may play a protective role in hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease development without insulin resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Nikolaenko
- Divisions of Endocrinology, Departments of Medicine (L.N., Y.J., C.W., M.D.-A., P.Y.L., S.L., C.C., K.L., Y.L., R.S.S.) and Pediatrics (J.K.Y., W.N.P.L.), and Department of Pathology (S.W.F.) Harbor-UCLA Medical Center and Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute, Torrance, California 90509
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
137
|
|
138
|
Liu PY, Lin CF, Tung KC, Shyu CL, Wu MJ, Liu JW, Chang CS, Chan KW, Huang JA, Shi ZY. Clinical and microbiological features of shewanella bacteremia in patients with hepatobiliary disease. Intern Med 2013; 52:431-8. [PMID: 23411697 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.52.8152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Shewanella bacteremia is an uncommon but potentially fatal disease. Although hepatobiliary diseases have been proposed to be risk factors for various Shewanella infections, little is known about the features of Shewanella bacteremia in patients with hepatobiliary diseases. This study aims to characterize the presentation and risk factors of Shewanella bacteremia in patients with hepatobiliary diseases. METHODS We retrospectively investigated the clinical features, microbiology and outcomes of patients with Shewanella bacteremia who were admitted to a tertiary medical center between January 2001 and December 2010. All isolates were confirmed to the species level using 16S rRNA sequencing analyses. The English language medical literature was searched for previously published reports. RESULTS Fifty-nine cases of Shewanella bacteremia, including nine at the hospital, were identified, 28 (47.4%) of which involved underlying hepatobiliary diseases, representing an important risk factor. In 12 of the 28 cases, the infections involved the hepatobiliary system; with a tendency towards an Asian origin. In our case series of nine patients, Shewanella haliotis was isolated in five patients. The majority of our patients lived in coastal areas, consumed seafood regularly and developed bacteremia during the summer season. CONCLUSION It is recommended that the possibility for Shewanella infection be considered in patients with bacteremia and also underlying hepatobiliary diseases, particularly if patients present with hepatobiliary infections, a history of seafood, or development of the disease during the summer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
139
|
Wu CW, Liu PY, Tsai PJ, Wu YC, Hung CS, Tsai YC, Cho KH, Biswal BB, Chen CJ, Lin CP. Variations in Connectivity in the Sensorimotor and Default-Mode Networks During the First Nocturnal Sleep Cycle. Brain Connect 2012; 2:177-90. [DOI: 10.1089/brain.2012.0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Changwei W. Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Po-Yu Liu
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, Hualien Armed Forces General Hospital, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Jung Tsai
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chin Wu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Cheng Hsin General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Nuclear Engineering and Science, National Tsing-Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Sui Hung
- Laboratory of Integrated Brain Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Che Tsai
- Department of Psychology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Hung Cho
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Bharat B. Biswal
- Department of Radiology, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, New Jersey
| | - Chia-Ju Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiological Sciences, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Po Lin
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
140
|
|
141
|
Liu PY, Shi ZY, Lin CF, Huang JA, Liu JW, Chan KW, Tung KC. Shewanella infection of snake bites: a twelve-year retrospective study. Clinics (Sao Paulo) 2012; 67:431-5. [PMID: 22666785 PMCID: PMC3351262 DOI: 10.6061/clinics/2012(05)05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2011] [Accepted: 01/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Infections of snake bite wounds by Shewanella are rarely discussed in the medical literature. This study aims to characterize the presentation and management of Shewanella infections in snake bite wounds. METHOD We retrospectively investigated the microbiology, clinical features, and outcomes of patients with Shewanella infected snake bite wounds admitted to a tertiary medical center from January 1998 to December 2009. RESULTS Ten patients with Shewanella-infected snake bite wounds were identified. All of the snake bites were caused by cobras. The majority of patients had moderate to severe local envenomation and polymicrobial infections. Shewanella isolates are susceptible to ampicillin-sulbactam, piperacillin-tazobactam, third-and fourth-generation cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and quinolones but are resistant to penicillin and cefazolin. All of the patients examined had favorable outcomes. CONCLUSION It is recommended that Shewanella infection be considered in snake bite patients, especially when patients present with moderate to severe local envenomation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-Yu Liu
- Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
142
|
Wu CW, Chen CL, Liu PY, Chao YP, Biswal BB, Lin CP. Empirical evaluations of slice-timing, smoothing, and normalization effects in seed-based, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging analyses. Brain Connect 2011; 1:401-10. [PMID: 22432454 DOI: 10.1089/brain.2011.0018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently, functional connectivity analyses using spontaneous functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) fluctuations have been applied in the context of neurological and psychiatry diseases. In the analyses procedure, preprocessing steps are commonly utilized in exploring functional connectivity, the same strategy as what was conducted in the fMRI process. However, the effectiveness of these preprocessing steps on resting-state fMRI (rs-fMRI) was rarely investigated, and the significance of preprocessing steps on rs-fMRI needs to be studied. Therefore, the main purpose of the current study was to evaluate the effects of multiple preprocessing procedures, including slice-timing correction, smoothing, and spatial normalization, on rs-fMRI signal. Through a seed-based correlation analysis on the motor network, we empirically estimated three indices of spontaneous fMRI fluctuations induced: correlation coefficients (CC), amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFFs), and fractional ALFF (fALFF), with different strategies of three preprocessing steps. Multiple repetition times (TRs = 2, 3, 4 sec) were also compared to address the issue of temporal mismatch. In the temporal preprocess, we found that the use of slice-timing correction and different TRs had minimal effects on CC and fALFF. However, ALFF was significantly affected using different TR but not affected by slice-timing correction as well. In the spatial preprocess, fALFF was insensitive to both smoothing and normalization. Smoothing consistently increased spatial extents and CC, but suppressed ALFF values. Performing normalization before index calculations provided better spatial sensitivity with larger variability in ALFF, whereas performing normalization after index calculations might preserve the ALFF level as in the unnormalized data. Conclusively, the effects of choosing preprocessing parameters and strategies were presented in the current study, providing practical considerations when conducting rs-fMRI analyses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changwei W Wu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
143
|
De Guzman M, Liu PY, Chen JT, Tung KL, Lee KR, Lai JY. Effect of compatibilizer on compatibility and pervaporation performance of PC/PHEMA blend membranes. J Memb Sci 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2011.05.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
144
|
Huang YC, Liu MF, Shen GH, Lin CF, Kao CC, Liu PY, Shi ZY. Clinical outcome of Mycobacterium abscessus infection and antimicrobial susceptibility testing. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 2011; 43:401-6. [PMID: 21075707 DOI: 10.1016/s1684-1182(10)60063-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2009] [Revised: 06/30/2009] [Accepted: 08/19/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Mycobacterium abscessus is the most resistant and rapidly growing mycobacterium and causes a wide range of clinical infectious diseases. The relationship between antimicrobial susceptibility and clinical outcome needs to be further evaluated. METHODS Forty M. abscessus isolates were obtained from clinical specimens of 40 patients at the Taichung Veterans General Hospital from January 2006 to December 2008. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the broth microdilution method according to the recommendations of the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. The clinical manifestations and outcomes were reviewed from medical records. RESULTS Twenty-two patients were diagnosed with M. abscessus infection. Cough (86.3%), hemoptysis (31.8%) and fever (18.1%) were the most common symptoms. The radiographic findings included reticulonodular opacities (50.0%), consolidation (31.8%) and cavitary lesions (18.1%). The 40 isolates were susceptible to amikacin (95.0%), cefoxitin (32.5%), ciprofloxacin (10.0%), clarithromycin (92.5%), doxycycline (7.5%), imipenem (12.5%), moxifloxacin (22.5%), sulfamethoxazole (7.5%) and tigecycline (100%). The rate of treatment failure was 27.3% at the end of the 12(th) month after the start of treatment, although these patients were treated with a combination of clarithromycin and other antimicrobial agents. CONCLUSION M. abscessus is naturally susceptible to clarithromycin and amikacin, variably susceptible to cefoxitin and imipenem, and resistant to most other antimicrobial drugs. Combination therapy with clarithromycin, amikacin and other active antimicrobial agents may lead to clinical improvement; however, the rate of treatment failure is still high.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ching Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
145
|
Sosman JA, Moon J, Tuthill RJ, Warneke JA, Vetto JT, Redman BG, Liu PY, Unger JM, Flaherty LE, Sondak VK. A phase 2 trial of complete resection for stage IV melanoma: results of Southwest Oncology Group Clinical Trial S9430. Cancer 2011; 117:4740-06. [PMID: 21455999 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.26111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2010] [Revised: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 09/17/2010] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND On the basis of retrospective experience at individual centers, it appears that patients with stage IV melanoma who undergo complete resection have a favorable outcome compared with patients with disseminated stage IV disease. The Southwest Oncology Group (SWOG) performed a prospective trial in patients with metastatic melanoma who were enrolled before complete resection of their metastatic disease and provided prospective outcomes in the cooperative group setting. METHODS Based on their physical examination and radiologic imaging studies, patients with a stage IV melanoma judged amenable to complete resection underwent surgery within 28 days of enrollment. All eligible patients were followed with scans (computed tomography or positron emission tomography) every 6 months until relapse and death. RESULTS Seventy-seven patients were enrolled from 18 different centers. Of those, 5 patients were ineligible; 2 had stage III disease alone; and 3 had no melanoma in their surgical specimen. In addition, 8 eligible patients had incompletely resected tumor. Therefore, the primary analysis included 64 completely resected patients. Twenty patients (31%) had visceral disease. With a median follow-up of 5 years, the median relapse-free survival was 5 months (95% CI, 3-7 months) whereas median overall survival was 21 months (95% CI, 16-34 months). Overall survivals at 3 and 4 years were 36% and 31%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In a prospective multicenter setting, appropriately selected patients with stage IV melanoma achieved prolonged overall survival after complete surgical resection. Although median relapse-free survival was only 5 months, patients could still frequently undergo subsequent surgery for isolated recurrences. This patient population is appropriate for aggressive surgical therapy and for trials evaluating adjuvant therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey A Sosman
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
146
|
Abstract
A fatal infection of irradiated white mice with the Breinl strain of European typhus has been established and passed serially for 22 passages by the intra-abdominal route. Rickettsiae were abundant and easily demonstrable in the moribund or dead mice. The mortality of irradiated mice infected with passage material (peritoneal washings or blood) was nearly 100 per cent as contrasted to no mortality in the control mice given the same dose of x-ray (450 R) and the same volume of fluid intra-abdominally. (The observation period of control mice was arbitrarily limited to 14 days.) After eighteen passages in irradiated mice no increase in virulence for non-irradiated adult mice was detected. After passage in guinea pigs, the rickettsial infection deriving from the mouse passage material was identical with the Breinl strain as judged by fever, cross immunity tests, and brain lesions in sections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Y Liu
- Department of Bacteriology and Immunology, The Harvard Medical School, Boston
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
147
|
Abstract
A new trifunctional probe, assembled using a cleavable linker, is useful for efficient enrichment and detection of alkynyl sugar-tagged biomolecules.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charng-Sheng Tsai
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Section 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
148
|
Zhang LX, Zhao Y, Cheng G, Guo TL, Chin YE, Liu PY, Zhao TC. Targeted deletion of NF-kappaB p50 diminishes the cardioprotection of histone deacetylase inhibition. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2010; 298:H2154-63. [PMID: 20382965 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.01015.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
We have recently demonstrated that the inhibition of histone deacetylases (HDAC) protects the heart against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. The mechanism by which HDAC inhibition confers myocardial protection remains unknown. The purpose of this study is to investigate whether the disruption of NF-kappaB p50 would eliminate the protective effects of HDAC inhibition. Wild-type and NF-kappaB p50-deficient mice were treated with trichostatin A (TSA; 0.1 mg/kg ip), a potent inhibitor of HDACs. Twenty-four hours later, the hearts were perfused in Langendorff model and subjected to 30 min of ischemia and 30 min of reperfusion. Inhibition of HDACs by TSA in wild-type mice produced marked improvements in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, left ventricular rate pressure product, and the reduction of infarct size compared with non-TSA-treated group. TSA-induced cardioprotection in wild-type animals was absent with genetic deletion of NF-kappaB p50 subunit. Notably, Western blot displayed a significant increase in nuclear NF-kappaB p50 and the immunoprecipitation demonstrated a remarkable acetylation of NF-kappaB p50 at lysine residues following HDAC inhibition. EMSA exhibited a subsequent increase in NF-kappaB DNA binding activity. Luciferase assay demonstrated an activation of NF-kappaB by HDAC inhibition. The pretreatment of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts with TSA (50 nmol/l) decreased cell necrosis and increased in cell viability in simulated ischemia. The resistance of H9c2 cardiomyoblasts to simulated ischemia by HDAC inhibition was eliminated by genetic knockdown of NF-kappaB p50 with transfection of NF-kappaB p50 short interfering RNA but not scrambled short interfering RNA. These results suggest that NF-kappaB p50 acetylation and activation play a pivotal role in HDAC inhibition-induced cardioprotection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L X Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Brown Medical School, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
149
|
Clark JI, Moon J, Hutchins LF, Sosman JA, Kast WM, Da Silva DM, Liu PY, Thompson JA, Flaherty LE, Sondak VK. Phase 2 trial of combination thalidomide plus temozolomide in patients with metastatic malignant melanoma: Southwest Oncology Group S0508. Cancer 2010; 116:424-31. [PMID: 19918923 PMCID: PMC2811758 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.24739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In limited institution phase 2 studies, thalidomide and temozolomide has yielded response rates (RRs) up to 32% for advanced melanoma, leading to the use of this combination as "standard" by some. We conducted a multicenter phase 2 trial to better define the clinical efficacy of thalidomide and temozolomide and the immune modulatory effects of thalidomide, when combined with temozolomide, in patients with metastatic melanoma. METHODS Patients must have had stage IV cutaneous melanoma, no active brain metastases, Zubrod PS 0-1, up to 1 prior systemic therapy excluding thalidomide, temozolomide, or dacarbazine, adequate organ function, and given informed consent. The primary endpoint was 6-month progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary endpoints included overall survival (OS), RR, toxicities, and assessment of relationships between biomarkers and clinical outcomes. Patients received thalidomide (200 mg/d escalated to 400 mg/d for patients <70, or 100 mg/d escalated to 250 mg/d for patients > or =70) plus temozolomide (75 mg/m(2)/d x 6 weeks, and then 2 weeks rest). RESULTS Sixty-four patients were enrolled; 2 refused treatment. The 6-month PFS was 15% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6%-23%), the 1-year OS was 35% (95% CI, 24%-47%), and the RR was 13% (95% CI, 5%-25%), all partial. One treatment-related death occurred from myocardial infarction; 3 other grade 4 events occurred, including pulmonary embolism, neutropenia, and central nervous system (CNS) ischemia. There was no significant correlation between biomarkers and PFS or OS. CONCLUSIONS This combination of thalidomide and temozolomide does not appear to have a clinical benefit that exceeds dacarbazine alone. We would not recommend it further for phase 3 trials or for standard community use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph I Clark
- Cardinal Bernardin Cancer Center, Loyola University Medical Center, Division of Hematology/Oncology, 2160 South First Avenue, Maywood, IL 60153, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
150
|
|