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Abstract
Nonlinear effects in the interference of Bose-Einstein condensates are studied using exact solutions of the one-dimensional nonlinear Schrodinger equation, which is applicable when the lateral motion is confined or negligible. With the inverse scattering method, the interference pattern is studied as a scattering problem with the linear Schrodinger equation, whose potential is profiled by the initial density distribution of the condensates. Our theory not only provides an analytical framework for quantitative predictions for the one-dimensional case, it also gives an intuitive understanding of some mysterious features of the interference patterns observed in experiments and numerical simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- WM Liu
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1081 and Institute of Theoretical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2735, Beijing 100080, China
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102
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Bharucha CF, Robinson JC, Moore FL, Sundaram B, Niu Q, Raizen MG. Dynamical localization of ultracold sodium atoms. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1999; 60:3881-95. [PMID: 11970223 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.60.3881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/1998] [Revised: 05/21/1999] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
We report a study of atomic motion in time-dependent optical potentials. We measure momentum transfer in parameter regimes for which the classical dynamics are chaotic, and observe the quantum suppression of chaos by dynamical localization. The high degree of control over the experimental parameters enables detailed comparisons with theoretical predictions, and opens new avenues for investigating quantum chaos.
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Affiliation(s)
- C F Bharucha
- Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712-1081, USA
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103
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104
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105
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Niu Q, Dai F, Chen Y. [Assessment for effect of low level lead-exposure on neurobehavior in workers of printing house]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 1998; 27:365-6. [PMID: 11939018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
WHO Neurobehavioral Core Test Battery (NCTB) was conducted among 28 lead-exposed workers (mean age 24.84, SD2.85) in printing house and 46 controls (mean age 22.78, SD1.45), in order to assess whether low level lead exposure may be related to neurobehavioral dysfunction. The items of test were: 1. Profile of mood state(POMS), (2) Simple reaction time, (3) Digit span, (4) Santa Anna manual dexterity, (5) Digit simbol, (6) Benton visual retention; and Prusuit aiming test. In all the NCTB test values, there was no significant difference between two groups. Multiple stepwise regression analysis shows that exposure duration is related to neurobehavior scores. Mild lead exposure may affect neurobehavior in some degree but not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001
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106
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Zheng P, Guo Y, Niu Q, Levy DE, Dyck JA, Lu S, Sheiman LA, Liu Y. Proto-oncogene PML controls genes devoted to MHC class I antigen presentation. Nature 1998; 396:373-6. [PMID: 9845074 DOI: 10.1038/24628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fragments of foreign antigens associated with class I molecules of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) are presented at the cell surface to elicit an immune response. This presentation requires the coordinated expression of several genes contained in the MHC, including those encoding the MHC class I heavy chain, the proteins LMP-2 and LMP-7, which are involved in the proteasomal degradation of cytosolic antigens into peptide fragments that are destined for association with MHC class I molecules, and TAP-1 and TAP-2, which transport these fragments across the membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum at the start of their journey to the cell surface. In many virus-transformed cell lines and spontaneous tumours, these genes are simultaneously repressed. However, the key factor(s) that are essential for their expression and repression have not been identified. Here we report that the proto-oncogene product PML induces expression of LMP-2, LMP-7, TAP-1 and TAP-2 in an MHC-class I-negative, recurrent tumour, leading to the re-expression of cell-surface MHC in tumours and to rejection of the tumours. PML also regulates MHC expression in untransformed fibroblasts. We conclude that malfunction of PML may enable a tumour to evade the immune defence of its host.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zheng
- Department of Pathology and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
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107
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Camoretti-Mercado B, Forsythe SM, LeBeau MM, Espinosa R, Vieira JE, Halayko AJ, Willadsen S, Kurtz B, Ober C, Evans GA, Thweatt R, Shapiro S, Niu Q, Qin Y, Padrid PA, Solway J. Expression and cytogenetic localization of the human SM22 gene (TAGLN). Genomics 1998; 49:452-7. [PMID: 9615232 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1998.5267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
SM22 is a 22-kDa protein identified variously as SM22, transgelin, WS3-10, or mouse p27. Though its precise function is unknown, it is abundant in smooth muscle and so may contribute to the physiology of this widespread tissue. We found that cosmid 16b6 contains the entire 5.4-kb, five-exon human SM22 gene (HGMW-approved symbol, TAGLN), and we cytogenetically localized the gene to chromosome 11q23.2. Northern analysis of human adult tissues showed that SM22 mRNA is most prevalent in smooth muscle-containing tissues, but is also found at lower levels in heart. The human SM22 promoter contains nuclear factor-binding motifs known to regulate transcription in smooth muscle, and human SM22 promoter-luciferase reporter constructs exhibited high transcriptional activity in A7r5 or primary canine aortic smooth muscle cells, but show little activity in nonmuscle COS7 cells. In addition, human SM22 promoter activity increased by two- to threefold upon serum stimulation of nonmuscle cells.
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108
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Niu Q, Li Z, Abbritti G. [Study on the changes of heart-rate in lead-exposed workers]. Wei Sheng Yan Jiu 1998; 27:9-11. [PMID: 10682631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
ECG examination and questionnaires survey were performed among lead-exposed workers in order to assess whether moderate occupational lead exposure may cause autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction. The tests included; 1. heart-rate response to Valsalva manoeuvre (HR-V); 2. heart-rate variation during deep breathing (HR-DB); 3. immediate heart-rate response to immediate stand up (30:15 or Max:Min). The results did not show any evidence that lead exposure is related to ANS dysfunction. There was no significant difference between the exposed workers and controls who were with the same ages (P > 0.05). The important cause for ANS dysfunction was aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Niu
- Department of Occupational Health, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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109
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Shinde S, Wu Y, Guo Y, Niu Q, Xu J, Grewal IS, Flavell R, Liu Y. CD40L is important for induction of, but not response to, costimulatory activity. ICAM-1 as the second costimulatory molecule rapidly up-regulated by CD40L. J Immunol 1996; 157:2764-8. [PMID: 8816378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The CD40 ligand (CD40L):CD40 interaction plays an important role in the activation of both T and B cells. However, the mechanisms by which this interaction is involved in activation of T cells is still unclear. Here we show that CD40L is not essential for T cell response to TCR engagement if the APC have costimulatory activity, although it is essential for T cell-mediated induction of such costimulatory activity. To determine the molecular basis of this activity, we have produced three mAbs that appear to recognize the costimulatory molecules rapidly induced by CD40L. Two of them recognize CD44H, which we showed to have CD28-independent costimulatory activity for T cells. The molecule recognized by the remaining mAb is hereby identified as ICAM-1. Furthermore, ICAM-1-mediated costimulation is likely to serve for a function similar to that mediated by the B7:CD28 interaction, as targeted mutation of CD28 renders T cell responses to Con A more dependent on ICAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shinde
- Department of Pathology and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
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110
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111
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Shinde S, Wu Y, Guo Y, Niu Q, Xu J, Grewal IS, Flavell R, Liu Y. CD40L is important for induction of, but not response to, costimulatory activity. ICAM-1 as the second costimulatory molecule rapidly up-regulated by CD40L. The Journal of Immunology 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.157.7.2764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The CD40 ligand (CD40L):CD40 interaction plays an important role in the activation of both T and B cells. However, the mechanisms by which this interaction is involved in activation of T cells is still unclear. Here we show that CD40L is not essential for T cell response to TCR engagement if the APC have costimulatory activity, although it is essential for T cell-mediated induction of such costimulatory activity. To determine the molecular basis of this activity, we have produced three mAbs that appear to recognize the costimulatory molecules rapidly induced by CD40L. Two of them recognize CD44H, which we showed to have CD28-independent costimulatory activity for T cells. The molecule recognized by the remaining mAb is hereby identified as ICAM-1. Furthermore, ICAM-1-mediated costimulation is likely to serve for a function similar to that mediated by the B7:CD28 interaction, as targeted mutation of CD28 renders T cell responses to Con A more dependent on ICAM-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shinde
- Department of Pathology and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
| | - Y Wu
- Department of Pathology and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
| | - Y Guo
- Department of Pathology and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
| | - Q Niu
- Department of Pathology and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
| | - J Xu
- Department of Pathology and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
| | - I S Grewal
- Department of Pathology and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
| | - R Flavell
- Department of Pathology and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
| | - Y Liu
- Department of Pathology and Kaplan Comprehensive Cancer Center, New York University Medical Center, New York 10016, USA
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112
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113
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Xie XC, Liu DZ, Sundaram B, Niu Q. Transition from the integer quantum Hall state to the insulator state. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:4966-4973. [PMID: 9986459 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.4966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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114
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Abstract
A flat epitaxial silver film on a gallium arsenide [GaAs(110)] surface was synthesized in a two-step process. Deposition of a critical thickness of silver at low temperature led to the formation of a dense nanocluster film. Upon annealing, all atoms rearranged themselves into an atomically flat film. This silver film has a close-packed (111) structure modulated by a "silver mean" quasi-periodic sequence. The ability to grow such epitaxial overlayers of metals on semiconductors enables the testing of theoretical models and provides a connection between metal and semiconductor technologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- AR Smith
- Department of Physics, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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115
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Wilkinson SR, Bharucha CF, Madison KW, Niu Q, Raizen MG. Observation of atomic Wannier-Stark ladders in an accelerating optical potential. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 76:4512-4515. [PMID: 10061310 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.4512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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116
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Niu Q, Zhao XG, Georgakis GA, Raizen MG. Atomic Landau-Zener tunneling and Wannier-Stark ladders in optical potentials. Phys Rev Lett 1996; 76:4504-4507. [PMID: 10061308 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.76.4504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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117
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118
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Chang MC, Niu Q. Berry phase, hyperorbits, and the Hofstadter spectrum: Semiclassical dynamics in magnetic Bloch bands. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 53:7010-7023. [PMID: 9982146 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.53.7010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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119
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120
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Edwards HL, Niu Q, Georgakis GA. Cryogenic cooling using tunneling structures with sharp energy features. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:5714-5736. [PMID: 9981758 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.5714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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121
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122
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123
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Demircan E, Ao P, Niu Q. Interactions of collective excitations with vortices in superfluid systems. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 52:476-482. [PMID: 9979624 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.52.476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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124
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Solway J, Seltzer J, Samaha FF, Kim S, Alger LE, Niu Q, Morrisey EE, Ip HS, Parmacek MS. Structure and expression of a smooth muscle cell-specific gene, SM22 alpha. J Biol Chem 1995; 270:13460-9. [PMID: 7768949 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.270.22.13460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 216] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
SM22 alpha is expressed exclusively in smooth muscle-containing tissues of adult animals and is one of the earliest markers of differentiated smooth muscle cells (SMCs). To examine the molecular mechanisms that regulate SMC-specific gene expression, we have isolated and structurally characterized the murine SM22 alpha gene. SM22 alpha is a 6.2-kilobase single copy gene composed of five exons. SM22 alpha mRNA is expressed at high levels in the aorta, uterus, lung, and intestine, and in primary cultures of rat aortic SMCs, and the SMC line, A7r5. In contrast to genes encoding SMC contractile proteins, SM22 alpha gene expression is not decreased in proliferating SMCs. Transient transfection experiments demonstrated that 441 base pairs of SM22 alpha 5'-flanking sequence was necessary and sufficient to program high level transcription of a luciferase reporter gene in both primary rat aortic SMCs and A7r5 cells. DNA sequence analyses revealed that the 441-base pair promoter contains two CArG/SRF boxes, a CACC box, and one potential MEF-2 binding site, cis-acting elements which are each important regulators of striated muscle transcription. Taken together, these studies have identified the murine SM22 alpha promoter as an excellent model system for studies of developmentally regulated, lineage-specific gene expression in SMCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Solway
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA
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125
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Robinson JC, Bharucha C, Moore FL, Jahnke R, Georgakis GA, Niu Q, Raizen MG, Sundaram B. Study of Quantum Dynamics in the Transition from Classical Stability to Chaos. Phys Rev Lett 1995; 74:3963-3966. [PMID: 10058378 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.74.3963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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126
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Chang MC, Niu Q. Erratum: Electron band structure in a two-dimensional periodic magnetic field. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1995; 51:7985. [PMID: 9986941 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.51.7985.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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127
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128
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129
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130
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131
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132
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133
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134
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135
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Liu X, Niu Q. Electron depletion due to in-plane bias on a split two-dimensional electron gas. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 46:10215-10220. [PMID: 10002864 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.10215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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136
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137
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138
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Niu Q, Nori F. Spectral splitting and wave-function scaling in quasicrystalline and hierarchical structures. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 42:10329-10341. [PMID: 9995295 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.42.10329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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139
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140
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Wen XG, Niu Q. Ground-state degeneracy of the fractional quantum Hall states in the presence of a random potential and on high-genus Riemann surfaces. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1990; 41:9377-9396. [PMID: 9993283 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.41.9377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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141
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142
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143
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Lee SH, Niu Q, Sheng XC, Mendenhall GD. MEASUREMENT OF INDUCTION PERIODS IN INHIBITED FREE-RADICAL OXIDATION BY INFRARED CHEMILUMINESCENCE AT 1270 nm. Photochem Photobiol 1989. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1989.tb04156.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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144
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Niu Q, Nori F. Theory of superconducting wire networks and Josephson-junction arrays in magnetic fields. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1989; 39:2134-2150. [PMID: 9948447 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.39.2134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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145
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Nori F, Niu Q. Aperiodic superconducting phase boundary of periodic micronetworks in a magnetic field. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1988; 37:2364-2367. [PMID: 9944776 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.37.2364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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146
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Nori F, Niu Q, Fradkin E, Chang SJ. Superconducting-normal phase boundary of quasicrystalline arrays in a magnetic field. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1987; 36:8338-8342. [PMID: 9942649 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.36.8338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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147
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148
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149
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150
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