101
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Affiliation(s)
- G Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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102
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Liu QD, Gao S, Li JR, Zhou QZ, Yu KB, Ma BQ, Zhang SW, Zhang XX, Jin TZ. Structures and magnetism of two novel heptanuclear lanthanide-centered trigonal prismatic clusters: [LnCu6(mu 3-OH)3(HL)2(L)4](ClO4)2.25H2O (Ln = La, Tb; H2L = iminodiacetic acid). Inorg Chem 2000; 39:2488-92. [PMID: 11196999 DOI: 10.1021/ic990860k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The new heteronuclear iminodiacetic acid (H2L) complexes [LnCu6(mu 3-OH)3(HL)2(L)4](ClO4)(2).25H2O with Ln = La (1) and Tb (2) have been prepared in aqueous solution and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction to be isomorphous (crystallographic data for 1 and 2: hexagonal, P63/m; a = b = 12.6425(14) A, c = 24.541(5) A, Z = 2 (1); a = b = 12.5802(9) A, c = 24.285(4) A, Z = 2 (2)). Ln3+ was found to be located in the center of the trigonal prismatic cage formed by six Cu2+ ions, with a tricapped trigonal prismatic coordination environment of nine O atoms. The magnetic properties of complexes 1 and 2 have been studied. The results indicate the presence of ferromagnetic couplings between Tb3+ and Cu2+ in compound 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q D Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Materials Chemistry and Applications & PKU-HKU Joint Laboratory on Rare Earth Materials and Bioinorganic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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103
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Zhang SW, Fu DG, Sun WY, Hu Z, Yu KB, Tang WX. A new bimetallic assembly magnet [[Ni(tn)2]5[FeIII(CN)6]3]n(ClO4)n.2.5nH2O (tn = trimethylenediamine) with a novel 3-D tunnel structure. Inorg Chem 2000; 39:1142-6. [PMID: 12526403 DOI: 10.1021/ic990591y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel molecular-based magnet of three-dimensional (3-D) cyanide-bridged bimetallic assembly, [[Ni(tn)2]5[FeII(CN)6]3]n(ClO4)n.2.5nH2O where tn = trimethylenediamine, was synthesized and structurally characterized. The compound with an asymmetric unit of C24H52.5Cl0.5Fe1.5N19Ni2.5O3.255 crystallized in the monoclinic system of the space group P2(1)/n with a = 10.173(3) A, b = 16.053(2) A, c = 26.309(3) A, beta = 91.30(2) degrees, and Z = 4. The assembly has a 3-D network structure extended by three different types of FeIII-CN-NiII-NC-FeIII linkages. The iron (FeIII) atoms are located in two different chemical environments, which were confirmed by Mössbauer experimental results. The nickel (NiII) atoms have three different coordination environments. Cryomagnetic properties revealed that 3-D magnetic ordering occurs over the lattice below the Curie temperature around 10 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Zhang
- Coordination Chemistry Institute, State Key Laboratory of Coordination Chemistry, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China
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104
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Liu G, Wei YG, Liu J, Liu Q, Zhang SW, Tang YQ. Synthesis and crystal structure of novel ring-like polyoxomolybdate and its 2-D self-assembly. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1039/b001361g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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105
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106
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Srinivasan
- Center for Visual Science, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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107
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Zhang SW, Kaneko T, Yoneda E, Sugioka T, Takahashi S. Rhodium-catalyzed cyclic carbonylation of 2-phenylethynylbenzamide under water–gas shift reaction conditions. Inorganica Chim Acta 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1693(99)00392-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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108
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Lu XQ, Wang ZH, Hong XK, Sun JJ, Zhang SW. [Determination of phospholipids in bear bile by isocratic high performance liquid chromatography]. Se Pu 1999; 17:559-62. [PMID: 12552691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A high performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylinositol (PI) in the bear bile was established. The air-dried bile of bear was ground into powder and extracted continuously with V(chloroform):V(methanol) = 1:1 to a final dilution 25-fold the volume of the sample. The extract was washed by addition to it of 0.5 its volume of 0.58% aqueous NaCl. The resulting mixture separated into two phases. The lower phase was the total pure lipid extract and was diluted to the desired volume by addition of V(chloroform):V(methanol) = 1:1 mixture and then injected into the HPLC system. The conditions of HPLC were P-E silica column (150 mm x 4.6 mm i.d., 10 microns); V(acetonitrile):V(methanol) = 76:24 mobile phase with a flow rate of 1.5 mL/min and UV detector at 205 nm. The linear regression equation was Y = 5,917X + 1,709(r = 0.9970) for PI, Y = 7,362.1X-6,608.2(r = 0.9949) for PE and Y = 2,457X-2,460.5(r = 0.9972) for PC. The linear range were 1.0-12.0 micrograms, 2.0-24.0 micrograms and 9.5-114.0 micrograms respectively, The relative standard deviation of peaks were 1.6%, 0.89% and 2.6% respectively. The average recovery of PC was 89.30% (RSD = 2.0%). The method enables a simple, rapid and reproducible quantification of PI, PE and PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Lu
- Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Pharmacology, Shanghai 200032, China
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109
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Abstract
Studies of navigation in bees and ants are beginning to reveal that foraging insects traveling repeatedly to a food source navigate by using a series of visual images of the environment acquired en route (Collett, 1996; Collett et al., 1993; Judd & Collett, 1998; Wehner et al., 1990, 1996). By comparing the currently viewed scene with the appropriate stored image, the insect is able to ascertain whether or not it is on the correct path and make any necessary corrections. If a bee happens to forage at more than one site, then she needs not only to memorize a separate set of images for each route that she has learned but also to retrieve the set of images that is appropriate to each route. Here we examine the bee's capacity to learn and later retrieve from memory two different sets of visual stimuli. Bees were trained to fly through a compound Y-maze where they were presented alternately with two different sequences of visual stimuli on their route to a food reward. We find that bees can indeed store two different sequences of images simultaneously. Furthermore, the trained bees are able to classify the memorized images into two groups, one pertaining to each three-stimulus set. Exposure to any of the images pertaining to one set triggers recall of all of the other images associated with that set. Associative grouping and recall of visual stimuli, demonstrated here for the first time in honeybees, provide an effective means of retrieving the appropriate navigational information from memory.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Zhang
- Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia.
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110
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Yoneda E, Kaneko T, Zhang SW, Onitsuka K, Takahashi S. Rhodium-catalyzed carbonylation of alkynes in the presence of alcohols: selective synthesis of 3-alkoxycarbonylindanones. Tetrahedron Lett 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01625-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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111
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Jiang CC, Liu G, Wei YG, Wang W, Zhang SW. Hydrothermal synthesis and structure determination of a novel hexagonal ammonium molybdenum bronze, NH4Mo6O18. INORG CHEM COMMUN 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s1387-7003(99)00067-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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112
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Mitsudo TA, Suzuki T, Zhang SW, Imai D, Fujita KI, Manabe T, Shiotsuki M, Watanabe Y, Wada K, Kondo T. Novel Ruthenium Complex-Catalyzed Dimerization of 2,5-Norbornadiene to Pentacyclo[6.6.0.02,6.03,13.010,14]tetradeca-4,11-diene Involving Carbon−Carbon Bond Cleavage. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja9835741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Take-aki Mitsudo
- Contribution from the Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Suzuki
- Contribution from the Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Shi-Wei Zhang
- Contribution from the Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Daisuke Imai
- Contribution from the Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Fujita
- Contribution from the Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takao Manabe
- Contribution from the Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masashi Shiotsuki
- Contribution from the Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yoshihisa Watanabe
- Contribution from the Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kenji Wada
- Contribution from the Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Kondo
- Contribution from the Department of Energy and Hydrocarbon Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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113
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114
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Zhang SW, Fu XY, Cao SL, Shen ZH, Gu JX. Down-regulation of beta1,4-galactosyltransferase gene expression by cell-cycle suppressor gene p16. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999; 1444:49-54. [PMID: 9931429 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(98)00256-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Beta1,4-Galactosyltranferase (beta1,4GT, EC 2.4.1.38) is one of the key enzymes controlling the biosynthesis of complex-type oligosaccharides, and is also one of the best-studied glycosyltransferases. To study the molecular mechanisms involved in the regulation of beta1,4GT gene expression, we transfected cell-cycle suppressor gene p16 into A549 cell line (in which p16 is deleted), measured beta1,4GT gene expression by Northern blot hybridization, and evaluated its activity. It was found that p16 could down-regulate beta1,4GT gene expression and its activity. However, p16 decreased cell surface beta1,4GT activity more than total activity. beta1,4GT mRNA stability was also assayed. It was found that p16 could not influence beta1,4GT mRNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugate, Ministry of Public Health, P.R. of China, and Gene Research Center, Shanghai Medical University, Shanghai 200032, PR China
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115
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Fu XY, Zhang SW, Ran RQ, Shen ZH, Gu JX, Cao SL. Restoration of the p16 gene is related to increased radiosensitivity of p16-deficient lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 1998; 124:621-6. [PMID: 9860291 DOI: 10.1007/s004320050224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
To assess the role played by p16 gene expression in the radiosensitivity of human lung cancers, we transferred exogenous p16 genes into p16-deficient H460 and A549 lung adenocarcinoma cell lines and compared the cell survival curve in vitro after irradiation. The surviving fraction of the p16-transfected A549p16 and H460p16 cells that expressed exogenous p16 mRNA or protein was lower than those of the parental and negative control cells. The rapid exit of the p16-transfected cells from the G2/M phase in the cell cycle, both before and after irradiation, possibly contributes to the increased radiosensitivity of our experimental p16-transfected lung adenocarcinoma cell lines. We conclude that exogenous p16 gene may be another important factor controlling the intrinsic cellular radiosensitivity of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Fu
- Department of Radiotherapy, Cancer Hospital, Shanghai Medical University, PR China
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116
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Abstract
Recent studies have revealed that navigating honeybees, Apis mellifera, estimate the distance to a food source by integrating over time the image motion that they experience en route. Here we examine the ability of honeybees to gauge distance travelled when visual input is available primarily to one eye. Bees were trained to fly into a tunnel, lined with textured patterns, to collect a reward at a feeder placed at a certain distance. Their ability to estimate distance flown was then assessed by testing them in a fresh tunnel without the feeder. The results show that (1) bees can estimate distance flown under monocular conditions, performing nearly as accurately as when information is available to both eyes; (2) bees can learn to fly two different distances, where each distance is measured in terms of the image motion experienced by a different eye; and (3) bees that have acquired information on the distance to a food source using one eye can measure out the same distance when they are required to use the other (naive) eye. The need to measure distance using signals from a single eye becomes important when a bee flies to a food source along the face of a cliff or the edge of a forest. Furthermore, under such conditions, it is important to be able to deal with odometric signals that are transposed interocularly when the bee returns home from the food source. This is because, although distances are learnt primarily on the way to a food source, foraging bees monitor distance flown on the homebound as well as the outbound routes. Copyright 1998 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- MV Srinivasan
- Centre for Visual Science, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University
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117
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wei Zhang
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Takahashi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567-0047, Japan
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118
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Abstract
In the crystals of C14H22N4O4, the molecule has a crystallographic inversion center and the methylene chain is fully extended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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119
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Abstract
Recent research has uncovered a number of different visual cues which bees use for controlling and stabilising flight. Bees flying through a tunnel maintain equidistance to the flanking walls by balancing the speeds of the images of the two walls. This strategy enables them to negotiate narrow passages or to fly between obstacles. The speed of flight in the tunnel is controlled by holding constant the average image velocity as seen by the two eyes. This mechanism prevents potential collisions by ensuring that the bee slows down when it flies through a narrow passage. Bees landing on a horizontal surface hold constant the image velocity of the surface as they approach it, thus automatically ensuring that flight speed is close to zero at touchdown. The movement-sensitive mechanisms underlying these various behaviours differ qualitatively as well as quantitatively, from those that mediate the well-investigated optomotor response. Flight thus appears to be co-ordinated by a number of visuomotor systems acting in concert.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Srinivasan
- Centre for Visual Science, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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120
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Jiang CC, Wei YG, Liu Q, Zhang SW, Shao MC, Tang YQ. Self-assembly of a novel nanoscale giant cluster: [Mo176O496(OH)32(H2O)80]†. Chem Commun (Camb) 1998. [DOI: 10.1039/a804358b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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121
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Yoneda E, Sugioka T, Hirao K, Zhang SW, Takahashi S. Rhodium-catalysed cyclic carbonylation of 2-alkynylphenols: synthesis of benzofuranones and coumarins. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1039/a706622h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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122
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123
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Zhang SW, Wei YG, Yu Q, Shao MC, Tang YQ. Toward Quantum Line−Self-Assembly Process of Nanomolecular Building Blocks Leading to a Novel One-Dimensional Nanomolecular Polymer: Single-Crystal X-ray Structure of {[H3O]+12{(H2O)MoO2.5[Mo36O108(NO)4(H2O)16]- O2.5Mo(H2O)}12-}n. J Am Chem Soc 1997. [DOI: 10.1021/ja961637e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wei Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Peking University Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong-Ge Wei
- Department of Chemistry, Peking University Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Peking University Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei-Cheng Shao
- Department of Chemistry, Peking University Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - You-Qi Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Peking University Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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124
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Sugioka T, Yoneda E, Onitsuka K, Zhang SW, Takahashi S. Novel rhodium-catalyzed cyclic carbonylation of 2-phenylethynylbenzoates leading to indeno[1,2-c]isocoumarin. Tetrahedron Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(97)01067-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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125
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Shioura H, Hayashi S, Matsumoto H, Kitai R, Ohtsubo T, Nishida T, Zhang SW, Yoshida M, Ishii Y, Kano E. The effects of combined treatments with low hyperthermia and bleomycin on survivals of murine L cells. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 1997; 16:147-52. [PMID: 9261739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Modification effects of low hyperthermia (40 degrees C) on cellular chemosensitivity to bleomycin (BLM), and of BLM on thermosensitivity (40 degrees C) were investigated in cultured murine L cells with simultaneous or sequential treatments of these two agents. The heating of L cells at 40 degrees C up to 6 hours resulted in no remarkable lethal damage. Treatment with low hyperthermia followed by BLM for 4 hours showed no more than additive effect. However, a significant chemical (BLM) enhancement effect on the cellular thermosensitivity was observed by the treatment with BLM for 4 hours prior to the low hyperthermia at 40 degrees C. No appreciable thermal enhancement effect on the cellular chemosensitivity to BLM was shown by preheating at 40 degrees C for 3 hours, while post-heating at 40 degrees C showed a significant thermal enhancement effect as well as in the simultaneous treatments. The cell phase response to BLM was levelled in the clinical range of the doses. It is possible that the repair of sublethal damage (SLDR) from treatment with BLM was inhibited by 40 degrees C post-heating and this SLDR was completed at 3 hours of the interval at 37 degrees C between BLM and 40 degrees C heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Shioura
- Dept. of Experimental Radiology and Health Physics, Fukui Medical University, Japan
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126
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Wei Zhang
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567, Japan
| | - Rie Ishii
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567, Japan
| | - Shigetoshi Takahashi
- The Institute of Scientific and Industrial Research, Osaka University, Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka 567, Japan
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127
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Wei YG, Zhang SW, Shao MC, Tang YQ. A mesoscopic molecular superparamagnet: preparation, crystal structure and magnetic properties of [Mn12O12(O2CMe)4 (O2CEt)12(H2O)4] · 2H2O · 4EtCO2H with an S = 9 ground state. Polyhedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(96)00439-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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128
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Abstract
This study examines whether honeybees can learn to fly through complex mazes, in the presence or the absence of specific visual cues. The results are summarized as follows: 1. Bees can learn to fly through a complex maze by following a trail of colored marks. 2. Bees, initially trained to follow color marks through an initial part of the maze, are immediately able to use the same sign-tracking cue to find their way through the rest of the maze, which is unfamiliar to them. 3. Bees trained to follow color marks through a particular maze can use the same cue to negotiate a novel maze. 4. Bees trained to use a particular color to negotiate a maze can immediately use a novel color to negotiate the same maze or even a novel maze. 5. After learning to negotiate a maze by following colored marks, bees can find their way through the maze even when the marks are removed, albeit at reduced levels of accuracy. Thus, the trained bees do not rely solely on sign-tracking to find their way through the maze: they also acquire a spatial memory of the maze or at least a sequence of motor commands describing the correct path through it. 6. Bees can learn to use color as a signal even when it indicates the path through the maze in a symbolic way, for example, blue indicating a turn to the right and green a turn to the left. 7. Bees can learn an unmarked maze. Performance under these conditions is poorer than when marks are provided, but is still significantly better than chance level. 8. Control experiments rule out the use of external landmarks in all of these situations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Zhang
- Centre for Visual Sciences, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
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129
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Abstract
The centrosymmetric molecule N,N'-hexamethylenebis-(3-pyridinecarboxamide), C18H22N4O2, contains a crystallographic centre of inversion, with only half of the molecule constituting the asymmetric unit. There are intermolecular N-H...O = C hydrogen bonds [N...O 2.996(2) A] present in the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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130
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Wei YG, Zhang SW, Shao MC, Liu Q, Tang YQ. Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of a polymeric trinuclear mixed-valence manganese malonate complex. Polyhedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0277-5387(96)00222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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131
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Sugioka T, Zhang SW, Morii N, Joh T, Takahashi S. Rhodium-Catalyzed Carbonylation of 2-Alkynylbenzaldehyde under Water-Gas Shift Reaction Conditions: Formation of Novel Tricyclic Lactones. CHEM LETT 1996. [DOI: 10.1246/cl.1996.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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132
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Jin MW, Zhou ZY, Zhang SW. [Study on treatment of infectious shock with recipe of liqi huoxue and kaibi gutuo]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1995; 15:589-92. [PMID: 8704422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Based on the pathogenesis of infectious shock which were stagnation of Qi, blood stasis, impairment of body resistance and trends to collapse, a series of new preparations of traditional Chinese Medicine was developed, Injection Kangjue Tongmai, Injection Yiqi Jiuyin and Injection Yiqi Huiyang, which could Liqi Huoxue and Kaibi Gutuo (regulate the flow of Qi, promote blood circulation, strengthen the body resistance and remit collapse), the result of 183 cases of infectious shock treated with them showed that the mortality was 4.37%, significantly lower than that of control group (23.0%). All three injections could rapidly elevate blood pressure and stabilize it for prolonged time, increase renal blood flow and lower blood viscosity. In animal experiment, the injections reduced lipid peroxide of vital organs, stabilized bio-membrane, protected the cell structure and maintained their normal functions.
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133
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Zhang SW, Srinivasan MV, Collett T. Convergent processing in honeybee vision: multiple channels for the recognition of shape. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1995; 92:3029-31. [PMID: 11607523 PMCID: PMC42352 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.92.7.3029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Advanced mammalian visual systems can recognize a familiar shape under a variety of viewing conditions. Recognition is possible whether the shape is presented in simple outline, as a random dot stereogram, or by motion contrast. We report here that bees have a similar ability: they can recognize a shape when it is learned through visual signals of one kind and subsequently viewed through another. The results reveal that (i) bees that have learned a shape defined in terms of luminance contrast can recognize the same shape when it is defined in terms of motion contrast, (ii) shapes that are delineated by motion contrast are discriminated through a channel that receives input only from the green photoreceptors, (iii) a shape learned through one class of signal is subsequently recognized via any of these other classes, and (iv) shape is memorized in a generic form regardless of whether it is initially sensed by green-contrast, blue-contrast, luminance-contrast, or motion-contrast signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Zhang
- Centre for Visual Science, Research School of Biological Sciences, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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134
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Zhang SW, Kaharu T, Pirio N, Ishii R, Uno M, Takahashi S. Syntheses and x-ray crystal structures of neutral trans-bis(diamino-carbene)platinum(II) complexes. J Organomet Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(94)05287-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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135
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Zhang SW, Mitsudo TA, Kondo T, Watanabe Y. Syntheses of cyclohexonone derivatives by the ruthenium complex-catalysed reactions of allylic compounds with β-keto esters. J Organomet Chem 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(94)24751-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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136
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137
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Zhou XP, Zhang SW, Jin MW. [Effect of jiutuo II injection on shock model of superior mesenteric artery occlusion in rabbit]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 1994; 14:604-6. [PMID: 7719094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Tang's SMAO method was adopted to produce shock model to observe the efficacy of the Jiutuo II(JTII) intravenously given. It was found that JTII could normalize the BP rapidly, which were superior to that of Dopamine and NS groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). At the same time, it could decrease mortality rate, comparing with Dopamine and NS the difference was significant (P < 0.05, P < 0.01); and it could also inhibit the formation of lipid peroxides (LPO). The contents of LPO in heart, liver, kidney of shock rabbit were obviously lower than that of Dopamine and NS groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The electron microscopy indicated that the drug could relieve the injury of mitochondria and lysosome in the tissues of heart, liver and kidney and protect the cellular ultrastructure of cardinal viscera. This study suggests that the JTII had good efficacy in treating the shock rabbit caused by SMAO method.
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138
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Zhang SW, Li H, Zhang EQ. [The effect of hydrocortisone or dexamethasone on human erythrocyte membrane insulin receptor]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 1994; 33:681-3. [PMID: 7712917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
It is shown that the maximum specific binding rate (B/T) of erythrocyte membrane receptor to insulin was significantly decreased, the concentration of plasma insulin was significantly increased and the level of plasma glucose was not obviously changed after taking hydrocortisone (1.25mg/kg) or dexamethasone (37.5 micrograms/kg) orally. Scatchard analysis showed that decreased B/T was not mainly due to the change of the affinity or number of foci of insulin receptors, as no significant influence on insulin binding was found in vitro. The data suggested that the effect of both drugs on insulin receptor was multifactorial, including the secretion of insulin as well as the combination of insulin to its receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S W Zhang
- Third Department of Internal Medicine, No. 202 Hospital of PLA, Shenyang
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139
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Li GT, Zhang SW, Zhong SY. [Immunologic suppressor factors in sera of patients with ovarian cancer]. Zhonghua Fu Chan Ke Za Zhi 1994; 29:392-4, 443. [PMID: 8001413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The suppressive activity of immunologic suppressor factors (ISF) in the sera of 34 patients with ovarian cancer was investigated by using the lymphocyte proliferation and inhibition test. It was found that the sera of the preoperative patients could significantly suppress PHA-induced lymphocyte response, and that the suppression was dose-dependent. When the sera were diluted to 1 : 4,000, the suppressive activity could still be demonstrated. We also observed the suppressive activities in the sera of patients with cervical cancer, endometrial cancer, gastric cancer and lung cancer, and compared them with ovarian cancer patients. The observation showed that the suppressive activity in the sera of preoperative ovarian cancer patients was higher than that in the sera of gastric cancer or lung cancer patients. These results suggested that ISF played an important role in the development of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G T Li
- Tianjin Medical College Hospital
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140
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Wei YG, Zhang SW, Huang GQ, Shao MC. Synthesis, spectrum and single crystal structure of a peroxovanadium complex of nitrilotriacetate ligand without water of crystallization, K2[VO(O2)NTA]. Polyhedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)83454-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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141
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Mitsudo TA, Zhang SW, Watanabe Y. Ruthenium complex-catalysed dimerization of norbornadiene to pentacyclotetradecadiene. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1039/c39940000435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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142
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143
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Zhang SW, Mitsudo TA, Kondo T, Watanabe Y. Ruthenium complex-catalyzed allylic alkylation of carbonucleophiles with allylic carbonates. J Organomet Chem 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(93)80158-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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144
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Kano E, Yamazaki Y, Hayashi S, Zhang SW, Kawahara K, Ohtsubo T. [Biological basis of thermochemotherapy]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 1993; 20:583-90. [PMID: 8470915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Interactive effects of combined treatment with hyperthermia and chemotherapeutic agents or chemical substances were interpreted in the experimental aspects of medical sciences. It was also interpreted how a physiological circumferential conditions in vivo influenced on thermosensitivities of cells, tissues or individuals. Among the physiological conditions, hypoxia and insufficient nutrition apparently enhance thermosensitivity while reduce radiosensitivity. Interactive effects in combined treatments with hyperthermia and alkylating agents varies among the alkylating agent adopted. DNA strand scission by alkylating agent is increased and repair of the DNA damage is suppressed in combination with hyperthermia. Almost all the antimetabolites and botanic alkaloids are reported to show no appreciable interactive effect in combination with hyperthermia. However, a sort of derivatives of mitotic toxins interacts with hyperthermia (unpublished data). Effects of anticancer antibiotics vary due to the variety of the mechanism of action of the antibiotics. Therefore, interactive effects of these antibiotics with hyperthermia also vary among the antibiotics. Most marked interaction with hyperthermia was shown in Mitomycin C, while the cell killing effect of Actinomycin D itself was reduced reportedly by the combined hyperthermia. Further development in thermophysiology may perform an extent of elevation in human whole body temperature. It has been considered internal heating may be more efficient than external heating for the hyperthermia alone. In the other hand, local heating can chemosensitize within the localized heated area where the blood concentration of anticancer drug is even, although variety of intervention could be devised to localize anticancer drug distribution. Variety of heating modalities and the apparatus would be developed which contribute for further interdisciplinary oncotherapy in near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kano
- Dept. of Experimental Radiology and Health Physics, Fukui Medical University
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145
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146
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Zhang SW, Huang GQ, Shao MC, Tang YQ. Crystal structure of a novel mixed valence MoV–MoVIheteropolymolybdate cluster: [H3O+]6[Mo57V6O183(NO)6(H2O)18]6–·89H2O. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1039/c39930000037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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147
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Mitsudo TA, Zhang SW, Satake N, Kondo T, Watanabe Y. Selective syntheses of cyclobutane-β-aminocarboxylic acid derivatives by the ruthenium complex-catalyzed reaction of allylamines with acrylic compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)61138-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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148
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Ohtani B, Zhang SW, Nishimoto SI, Kagiya T. Catalytic and photocatalytic decomposition of ozone at room temperature over titanium(IV) oxide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1039/ft9928801049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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149
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150
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Mitsudo TA, Zhang SW, Kondo T, Watanabe Y. Ruthenium complex-catalyzed selective syntheses of 3,5-dienoic acid derivatives by coupling of 1,3-dienes or allylic carbonates with acrylic compounds. Tetrahedron Lett 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)74126-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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