101
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UEA urges Government to start new dental school in the East. Br Dent J 2024; 236:363. [PMID: 38459293 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7186-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
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102
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Ul-Haq J, Visas H, Hye QMA, Rehan R, Khanum S. Investigating the unparalleled effects of economic growth and high-quality economic development on energy insecurity in China: A provincial perspective. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:22870-22884. [PMID: 38418779 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
China has changed its focus from traditional high-speed economic growth to high-quality economic development (HQED) and the implementation of environmentally friendly practices. This transition can have parallel or unparallel impacts on energy insecurity (EIS). In this regards, HQED, inter Alia, is crucial in mitigating EIS and combating the energy crisis. Our study explores the impact of economic growth (EG) and HQED on EIS using the provincial panel data of China for the period 2011-2017. From the perspective of comparative analysis, the results reveal that HQED reduces EIS while EG increases it. The robustness checks indicate that industrial structure (IS) has a negative impact on EIS, whereas industrial structure upgrading (ISU) and green innovation (GI) have a positive influence. This implies that IS contributes to an increase in EIS, whereas ISU and GI result in a decrease in EIS. In addition, the analysis reveals that digital financial inclusion (DFI) exhibits a significant positive relation with EIS, albeit occasionally a negative but insignificant link. The policy implication is that the government should stimulate policies to promote HQED which reduces the EIS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jabbar Ul-Haq
- Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
| | - Hubert Visas
- School of International Trade & Economics, University of International Business and Economics, Beijing, 100029, China
| | | | - Raja Rehan
- Department of Business Administration, ILMA University, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Sana Khanum
- Department of Economics, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
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103
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Government continues to slap families in the face. Br Dent J 2024; 236:434. [PMID: 38519660 DOI: 10.1038/s41415-024-7246-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2024]
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104
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Wu T, Wen L, Yi M. Balancing growth targets and environmental regulations: An empirical analysis of dual policy impact on corporate environmental responsibility-insights from China. J Environ Manage 2024; 355:120500. [PMID: 38430880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Balancing economic growth with environmental conservation poses a universal challenge for governments worldwide. This study investigates the intricate interplay between governments' economic-environmental trade-offs and their implementation of policies aimed at promoting Corporate Environmental Responsibility (CER). Given the discretion of Chinese local governments in economic and environmental policy, we take China as a case study. To conduct this research, we first merge critical data on China's economic growth targets and environmental regulations with information on listed enterprises. Then, we employ a "U-shaped" relationship model to examine the impact of these trade-offs on CER implementation. The results reveal that: (1)The effective fulfillment of CER by enterprises is primarily driven by stricter environmental regulations. (2) Economic growth targets can, to some extent, diminish the policy effect of environmental regulations on CER fulfillment. (3)The crowding-out effect of economic growth targets is particularly pronounced within specific subsets of enterprises, including state-owned enterprises, heavily polluting firms, and those facing high profit pressure. These findings imply that when local governments implement contradictory policies, they must consider not only enterprises' political connections and economic contributions but also pay close attention to the survival dilemma of enterprises. This balancing act aims to harmonize conflicting policy objectives. This research deepens the understanding of how institutional and policy frameworks impact enterprise engagement in CER, especially within the context of governments' economic-environmental trade-offs. It sheds light on the strategies employed by China and other emerging economies to effectively leverage contradictory policies to foster sustainable green growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Wu
- School of Marxism, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 430074, China
| | - Le Wen
- Energy Centre, Department of Economics, The University of Auckland Business School, Owen G Glenn Building, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Ming Yi
- School of Economics and Management, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), 430074, China
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105
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Yang Q, Zhang B, Yan Z, Chen T. A study on the dynamic impact of carbon emission trading on green and high-quality development. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:23037-23054. [PMID: 38418786 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32584-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
As a pivotal element in market mechanisms, carbon trading is increasingly recognized as crucial for achieving China's Carbon Peaking and Carbon Neutrality Goals. This study introduces a comprehensive dynamic model, integrating carbon trading, emissions, economic growth, and green technology innovation, to offer a holistic understanding of the interplay between these domains. Utilizing principles from nonlinear dynamics and chaos theory, the model is adept at simulating various scenarios and assessing the effectiveness of government policies in stabilizing these complex systems. In-depth analysis provided by this research sheds light on the nuanced impact of carbon trading policies on sustainable development. Key findings highlight (1) Carbon trading's essential role as a catalyst in propelling sustainable and high-quality growth. (2) A strong positive relationship is observed between the sophistication of the carbon trading mechanism and its effectiveness in stimulating green technology innovation and fostering high-quality green development. Notably, carbon trading's influence on green technology innovation markedly enhances the efficacy of carbon emission reduction strategies. (3) Government regulations are instrumental in augmenting carbon prices, thus incentivizing increased corporate participation in emission reduction and enhancing the overall impact of carbon emission reduction. Nevertheless, the study identifies a critical threshold in regulatory intensity, beyond which there is a risk of system destabilization (a 3 ≥ 0.032 ). These findings underscore the imperative for developing an integrated national carbon emission trading market, prioritizing sustainable growth strategies and diligently pursuing China's environmental objectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghao Yang
- School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingbing Zhang
- School of Economics and Management, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
- Jin Shanbao Institute for Agriculture & Rural Development, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang Road, Nanjing, 210095, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhijun Yan
- School of Business, Nanjing Normal University, No. 1 Wenyuan Road, Nanjing, 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingqiang Chen
- School of Economics & Management, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing, 211800, China
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106
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Liu Z, Yu Y, Lei Y. Enhancing local governments' environmental attention through open government data: evidence from China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:18494-18511. [PMID: 38347355 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32202-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Environmental conservation has ascended to a prominent position on the global agenda, and China, recognizing the urgent need for environmental protection, has implemented nationwide measures. However, varying levels of environmental attentiveness among local governments have resulted in uneven implementation of these national directives across regions. Therefore, it is crucial to investigate the factors that drive local governments' environmental attention. Our study explores the impact of open government data (OGD) on local governments' environmental attention. Utilizing city-level data from 2010 to 2020, we employ a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) model for empirical analysis. The results reveal that OGD significantly and positively influences local governments' environmental attention. This influence is partly attributed to OGD's role in promoting government digitization, mitigating fiscal pressures, and increasing energy demand. Further analysis, including heterogeneity assessments, demonstrates that OGD has a more pronounced positive effect on environmental attention in cities with higher online political participation activity and a larger internet user base. Such empirical insights underscore the imperative for an integrative policy framework that accentuates the refinement of OGD platform in tandem with strategic enhancements in political participatory mechanisms and digital infrastructure investments, thereby fostering robust local environmental stewardship paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanyu Liu
- School of International Relations and Public Affairs, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
| | - Yang Yu
- School of Public Administration, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
| | - Yuqiong Lei
- School of Public Administration, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, China
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107
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Pitcher A, Zhang R, Gurzenda S, Pink G, Reiter K. Non-operating revenue is an important source of funding for rural hospitals, especially those that are government-owned. J Rural Health 2024; 40:249-258. [PMID: 37771305 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Non-operating revenue (NOR), derived from investments, contributions, government appropriations, and medical space rentals, can contribute to financial stability of hospitals by offsetting operating losses and improving profitability. NOR might benefit rural hospitals that often face intense financial pressures. However, little is known about how much rural hospitals rely on NOR and if certain organizational characteristics are associated with differences in NOR. METHODS Healthcare Cost Report Information System data from 2011 to 2019 were used to analyze sources of revenue among Critical Access Hospitals (CAHs) and Rural Prospective Payment System (R-PPS) hospitals through descriptive statistics and regression models. Reliance on NOR was measured by the percentage of total revenue from non-operating sources. FINDINGS Results indicate that both CAHs and R-PPS hospitals rely on NOR; however, CAHs have a higher percentage of total revenue derived from non-operating sources (3.2%) as compared to R-PPS hospitals (1.9%) (p < 0.001). Government-owned hospitals have significantly higher reliance on NOR than other ownership types. System affiliation also influences reliance on NOR. Lastly, results suggest that NOR may play a role in improving overall profit margins. CONCLUSIONS As rural hospitals disproportionately face challenges related to declining profitability and the risk for closure, they may rely on NOR to continue to strengthen financial performance and provide health care to their communities. However, NOR is not guaranteed, and reliance on NOR further reiterates the value of stable, adequate reimbursement to guard against fluctuations in NOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariana Pitcher
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Ruoyu Zhang
- The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Susie Gurzenda
- The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - George Pink
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Kristin Reiter
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- The Cecil G. Sheps Center for Health Services Research, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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108
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Huang S, Du B, Chen Z, Cheng J. The government subsidy design considering the reference price effect in a green supply chain. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:22645-22662. [PMID: 38409384 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32488-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
This paper constructs a green supply chain with a manufacturer and a retailer. Taking into account the reference price effect of consumers based on the mental accounting theory, we investigate the following government incentive policies: R&D (research and development) subsidy, consumption subsidy, and dual subsidy. For manufacturer-led (M-led) and retailer-led (R-led) supply chains, we evaluate the optimal wholesale price, sales price, green degree of product, and the optimal subsidy of the government aiming to improve the environmental benefit or social welfare. We find that the government goal, power structure and reference price effect impact the design of subsidy mechanisms significantly. First, for M-led supply chain, the government concerned with the environmental benefit goal should only provide R&D subsidy for the manufacturer when the reference price effect is low; otherwise, the government would offer subsidy both for the manufacturer and consumers. However, the government will only offer R&D subsidy when the social welfare goal is adopted. Second, for R-led supply chain, the government aiming to improve the environmental benefit prefers dual subsidy when the reference price effect is low; otherwise, consumption subsidy is preferable. Surprisingly, under the social welfare goal, no subsidy for R-led supply chain tends to be the best option. Intriguingly, embracing the social welfare goal can result in more economic and environmental benefits for M-led supply chain, although the subsidy strategy is less effective than the environmental benefit goal. Our research can provide inspirations and references for designing government subsidy mechanisms in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Huang
- Business School, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Bingzhi Du
- Business School, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Zhongwei Chen
- School of Management, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, China.
| | - Jian Cheng
- Business School, Qingdao University, Qingdao, 266071, China
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109
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Rodriguez AML, Adams PJ, Sayes E, Kypri K. The role of gifts in building influence with politicians: Thematic analysis of interviews with current and former parliamentarians. Int J Drug Policy 2024; 125:104332. [PMID: 38422916 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugpo.2024.104332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2023] [Revised: 01/14/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Gifts are a powerful way to acknowledge and strengthen interpersonal relationships. As with any relational space, gifting plays various roles in forming and maintaining relationships in political contexts, but its contribution to relationship-building has attracted little attention. This paper examines how politicians in Aotearoa New Zealand both engage with gifting and how they navigate the perceptions of others. Four current members of parliament (MPs) and six retired MPs participated in semi-structured interviews with questions on common practices and common understandings about political gifting. Their responses indicate their use of four different processes: formal processes are the guidelines provided by the government on gifting, but when these are insufficient, contextual processes regarding perceptions of the media, constituents or colleagues are used, or, alternatively, MPs rely on personal values or view gifting in terms of transactional processes with both parties receiving benefits. The paper explores perceptions and complexities of a sequence of gifts during events (event gifting). The authors recommend an improved awareness and understanding of the contribution of gifting practices to political relationship building.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ara Marie Leal Rodriguez
- School of Population Health, and Centre for Addiction Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | - Peter J Adams
- School of Population Health, and Centre for Addiction Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, Aotearoa New Zealand.
| | - Edwin Sayes
- School of Population Health, and Centre for Addiction Research, University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, Aotearoa New Zealand
| | - Kypros Kypri
- Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin 9016, Aotearoa New Zealand
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110
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Zheng J, Wang X, Xie S, Wang H, Shen J, Zhang T. The mediating role of trust in government in intergenerational transmission of fertility intentions. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1338122. [PMID: 38496397 PMCID: PMC10941980 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1338122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024] Open
Abstract
China's one-child policy was in effect from 1982 to 2015. However, the literature examining the association between people's trust in local government and intergenerational transmission of fertility intentions is scarce. To fill this gap, we investigated the impact of individuals' sibship size on their ideal number of children, the mediating effect of their trust in local government on the issue of fertility between two successive generations, and the moderating effect of education level on sibship size related to trust in local governments. Based on the 2019 Chinese Social Survey data, 2,340 respondents aged 18-35 participated in the analysis. The results showed that (i) individuals' number of siblings significantly positively predicted their ideal number of children; (ii) individuals' number of siblings significantly negatively predicted their trust in the local government, which in turn significantly negatively influenced fertility intentions; (iii) the mediating mechanism was significant in residents with higher levels of education, but not in people with lower degrees of education. Fertility-boosting incentives can prioritize couples who are the only child in their family. It is necessary for local governments to improve their credibility and strengthen their pregnancy-related communication with groups with higher levels of education.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Tao Zhang
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Macao Polytechnic University, Macao, Macao SAR, China
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111
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Cutcu I, Cil D, Karis C, Kocak S. Determining the green technology innovation accelator and natural resources towards decarbonization for the EU countries: evidence from MMQR. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2024; 31:19002-19021. [PMID: 38358628 PMCID: PMC10924010 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-32302-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Gearing up for green technology innovation (GTI) and natural resources has become even more important in the transition to a zero-emission life, a green economy, and sustainable development goals. This attempt has become a situation that needs to be overpowered much sooner by the European countries, which have encountered challenges in many ways, especially regarding natural resources, energy supply, and the climate crisis. In this vein, the current study follows the novel, robust Method of Moment Quantile-Regression (MM-QR), which successfully yields heterogeneous information structure across quantiles, to examine the determinants of GTI for 15 EU countries over the period of 2003-2018. MM-QR estimation results indicate that the determinants of green technology innovation are heterogeneous across the EU countries. While green growth (GG) has an adverse impact on GTI in middle- and high-GTI countries, the effect of ecological footprint on GTI is positive for countries in the highest-GTI countries. The positive effects of financial development (FD) on GTI are revealed for all countries. Remarkably, environmental taxes have an adverse and positive influence on GTI in the lowest and highest quantile countries, respectively. Finally, renewable energy and greenfield FDI have no effect on GTI. Governments can promote GTI by providing financial resources, in the most immaculate way, to firms that engage in green technology projects, as well as by encouraging these through environmental taxes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Cutcu
- Department of Economics, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Türkiye.
| | - Dilek Cil
- Department of Travel Tourism and Entertainment Services, Trabzon University, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Cigdem Karis
- Department of Finance Banking and Insurance, Trabzon University, Trabzon, Türkiye
| | - Sinem Kocak
- Department of Economics, Hasan Kalyoncu University, Gaziantep, Türkiye
- Independent Researcher, Independent Researcher, Trabzon, Türkiye
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112
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Wang Z, Chu E. Shifting focus from end-of-pipe treatment to source control: ESG ratings' impact on corporate green innovation. J Environ Manage 2024; 354:120409. [PMID: 38401500 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
This study actively explores the pivotal role of environment, society, and governance (ESG) ratings in optimizing corporate green innovation activities as a robust response to ongoing ESG investment divestment. It provides empirical support for implementing corporate green transitions, establishing, and refining market-driven green development framework, and attaining "carbon peaking, carbon neutrality" targets. Furthermore, the research represents a groundbreaking effort to assess the influence of ESG ratings on corporate green innovation with a specific focus on pollution disposal. Specifically, examining data from Chinese A-share listed companies spanning 2011 to 2020, this study utilizes various models, including multi-period difference-in-differences (DID), event study, staggered DID, and synthetic DID (SDID). The ensuing analysis reveals that ESG ratings significantly impact the development of corporate green innovation, catalyzing the transformation of green innovation activities from end-of-pipe to source control. Notably, ESG ratings achieve this transformation by mitigating managerial myopia, enhancing the research and development (R&D) staff ratio, and alleviating financial constraints. However, the study also identifies institutional constraints and corporate digitalization as factors leading to heterogeneous effects on green innovation and its direction. These findings not only provide enhanced theoretical support but also offer empirical validation for corporations and governments looking to implement and generalize ESG ratings, facilitating a successful green transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Wang
- School of Business, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
| | - Erming Chu
- School of Business, Xiangtan University, Xiangtan 411105, China.
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113
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Kotsopoulos N, Bento-Abreu A, Bencina G, Connolly MP. Fiscal analysis of the pediatric immunization program in Belgium applying a lifetime government perspective framework. Expert Rev Pharmacoecon Outcomes Res 2024; 24:437-445. [PMID: 38231471 DOI: 10.1080/14737167.2024.2306811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A public economic framework was used to explore lifetime government costs and benefits in relation to the Pediatric Immunization Program (PIP) in Belgium based on cases and deaths averted. METHODS To estimate changes in net government revenue, we developed a decision-analytic model that quantifies lifetime tax revenues and transfers based on changes in morbidity and mortality arising from Belgium's Pediatric Immunization Program (PIP). The model considered differences in incidence rates with vaccines included in Belgium's PIP: compared with the pre-vaccine era. Changes in deaths and comorbid conditions attributed to PIP on the Belgium 2020 birth cohort were used to estimate gross lifetime earnings changes, tax revenue gains attributed to averted morbidity and mortality avoidance, disability transfer cost savings, and averted special education costs associated with each vaccine. RESULTS Vaccinating a single birth cohort according to the PIP gives rise to fiscal gains of €56 million in averted tax revenue loss, €8 million disability savings, and €6 million special education cost-savings. Based on the costs of implementing the PIP, we estimate the fiscal benefit-cost ratio (fBCR) of €2.2 investment return for the government from every €1 invested excluding longevity costs. CONCLUSIONS Reducing vaccine-preventable conditions generates tax revenue for the government, providing fiscal justification for sustained immunization investments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos Kotsopoulos
- Health Economics, Global Market Access Solutions LLC, Mooresville, NC, USA
- Department of Economics (UoA MBA), University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Goran Bencina
- MSD, Center for Observational and Real-World Evidence, Madrid, Spain
| | - Mark P Connolly
- Health Economics, Global Market Access Solutions LLC, Mooresville, NC, USA
- Health Economics Outcomes Research, Global Health, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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114
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Onyinyi B, Asiimwe N. Key drivers of investment initiatives in Uganda's pharmaceutical industry. Soc Sci Med 2024; 344:116558. [PMID: 38330631 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the key drivers of investment initiatives in Uganda's pharmaceutical industry. We adopted a qualitative research design using an in-depth interview guide to collect data from 12 board chairpersons/assistants at the selected manufacturing, marketing and sales pharmaceutical firms. The theory of Investment Behavior (Jorgenson, 1967) was used to underpin the actors' investment objectives beyond profit maximization locus subject to utility maximization. The results indicate two complementary investment drivers in pharmaceuticals: an investment gap and government policy initiatives. We recommend that the government should formulate an integrated human resource planning policy and further establish a one-in-all-stop hub to support pharmaceutical investments in the country. Besides, the hub should take charge of the operationalization of government policy initiatives intended to close the investment gap in the pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard Onyinyi
- Makerere University Business School, Economics Department, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Nashira Asiimwe
- The Pharmaceutical Society of Uganda, Box 23096, Kampala, Uganda.
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115
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Wright AM, Snowdon A, Saunders M, Trampas D. The necessity of healthcare supply chain resilience for crisis preparedness. Healthc Manage Forum 2024; 37:95-100. [PMID: 37920988 PMCID: PMC10895896 DOI: 10.1177/08404704231207386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Abstract
Prior to and during the COVID-19 pandemic, Canadian provincial health systems and governments did not sufficiently consider healthcare supply chain in their crisis preparedness plans, leading to an exposed and vulnerable healthcare system. There have been many opportunities to learn from past Canadian and global crises, which have emphasized the importance of healthcare supply chain resilience in providing essential care to patients; however, considerations of healthcare supply chain resilience remain a significant gap in preparedness planning. Illustrated through the Canadian response to COVID-19 pandemic, this article will explore how healthcare supply chain resilience should be a necessary consideration in any crisis preparedness plans. Further, without this consideration of healthcare supply chain resilience, it is the person (the patient and healthcare worker), and especially vulnerable populations, that are most put at risk in the event of a future crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dana Trampas
- HIMSS, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
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116
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Tanaka Y, Tago F, Yamakawa N, Aoki M, Yagi T, Akira S. A new therapeutic target for systemic lupus erythematosus: the current landscape for drug development of a toll-like receptor 7/8 antagonist through academia-industry- government collaboration. Immunol Med 2024; 47:24-29. [PMID: 37772762 DOI: 10.1080/25785826.2023.2264023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammation in multiple organs. A few treatments for SLE currently exist, including antimalarials, glucocorticoids, immunosuppressants, and two recently approved antibody agents; however, an unmet medical need remains for SLE. In addition, developing new drugs targeting SLE is a challenge since no specific biomarkers exist for the prediction of disease progression or drug response. A new drug candidate, E6742, is a specific antagonist of the toll-like receptors 7/8. To address the challenges for drug development in SLE, the process of developing E6742 utilizes a unique system of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED), the Cyclic Innovation for Clinical Empowerment (CiCLE) program. In the CiCLE program, a Phase 1 study in healthy adults was completed (NCT04683185) and a Phase 1/2 study in patients with SLE is on-going (NCT05278663). One of the potential benefits of this program is to conduct academia-led clinical research to identify specific biomarkers for E6742 in parallel with clinical studies (UMIN000042037). The aim of this review is to present current progress within the strategic collaboration of the AMED CiCLE program that optimize clinical development for patients with SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiya Tanaka
- University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Japan, Kitakyushu, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, Immunology Frontier Research Center, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Trotter C, Evans P, Powers T. Improving Social Climate In Youth Detention. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2024; 68:353-369. [PMID: 35674224 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x221102852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Ongoing concerns have been expressed about the poor rehabilitative climate of youth detention centers, with a number of government inquiries examining the nature of the centers and how to improve their rehabilitative culture. Emerging research points to staff training and support as mechanisms to improve institutional climate. This study examines the impact on institutional climate of training and coaching staff in effective practice skills. Staff and young people, across three Australian detention centers, were administered a validated social climate measure prior to and 3 to 6 months following training and coaching. The social climate improved at a statistically significant level for staff. For young people the social climate improved but the improvement was not statistically significant. The measure was also administered at two control sites for staff where minimal changes in social climate were seen, suggesting that the staff improvements flowed from the training and coaching rather than from other organizational factors. It is concluded that training and coaching improved detention center social climate for staff although the study does not provide evidence that it improved significantly for young people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tim Powers
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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118
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Gouveia AG, Viani GA, Bratti VF, Marta GN, Hanna SA, Jacinto AA, Silva MS, Hamamura AC, Rosa AA, Castilho MS, Carson L, Hopman WM, Sullivan R, Booth CM, Aggarwal A, Hanna TP, Moraes FY. Challenges in building radiotherapy capacity: A longitudinal study evaluating eight years of the Brazilian radiotherapy expansion plan. J Cancer Policy 2024; 39:100459. [PMID: 38029960 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpo.2023.100459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2012, the Brazilian government launched a radiotherapy (RT) expansion plan (PER-SUS) to install 100 linear accelerators. This study assesses the development of this program after eight years. METHODS Official reports from the Ministry of Health (MoH) were reviewed. RT centres projects status, timeframes, and cost data (all converted to US dollars) were extracted. The time analysis was divided into seven phases, and for cost evaluation, there were five stages. The initial predicted project time (IPPT) and costs (estimated by the MoH) for each phase were compared between the 18 operational RT centres (able to treat patients) and 30 non-operational RT centres using t-tests, ANOVA, and the Mann-Whitney U. A p-value < 0.05 indicates statistical significance. RESULTS A significant delay was observed when comparing the IPPT with the overall time to conclude each 48 RT centres project (p < 0.001), with considerable delays in the first five phases (p < 0.001 for all). Moreover, the median time to conclude the first 18 operational RT centres (77.4 months) was shorter compared with the 30 non-operational RT centres (94.0 months), p < 0.001. The total cost of 48 RT services was USD 82,84 millions (mi) with a significant difference in the per project median total cost between 18 operational RT centres, USD1,34 mi and 30 non-operational RT centres USD2,11 mi, p < 0.001. All phases had a higher cost when comparing 30 non-operational RT centres to 18 operational RT centres, p < 0.001. The median total cost for expanding existing RT centres was USD1,30 mi versus USD2,18 mi for new RT services, p < 0.0001. CONCLUSION After eight years, the PER-SUS programs showed a substantial delay in most projects and their phases, with increased costs over time. POLICY SUMMARY Our findings indicate a need to act to increase the success of this plan. This study may provide a benchmark for other developing countries trying to expand RT capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre G Gouveia
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, McMaster University, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Latin America Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Gustavo A Viani
- Latin America Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of medical imagings, hematology and oncology of University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Vanessa F Bratti
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Gustavo N Marta
- Latin America Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Sírio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Samir A Hanna
- Department of Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, Sírio Libanes Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexandre A Jacinto
- Radiation Oncology Department, Barretos Cancer Hospital, Barretos, SP, Brazil
| | - Mauricio S Silva
- Latin America Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Radiation Oncology Unit, Santa Maria Federal University, Santa Maria; and Clínica de Radioterapia de Santa Maria, Brazil
| | - Ana C Hamamura
- Ribeirão Preto Medical School, Department of medical imagings, hematology and oncology of University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Arthur A Rosa
- Latin America Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Radiotherapy Department Oncoclinicas Salvador and Hospital Santa Izabel, Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Marcus S Castilho
- Radiotherapy Department of the Felicio Rocho Hospital, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil; President, Brazilian Radiotherapy Society - SBRT, Brazil
| | - Laura Carson
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Wilma M Hopman
- Kingston General Health Research Institute; Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Richard Sullivan
- Institute of Cancer Policy, Global Oncology Group, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Christopher M Booth
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Ajay Aggarwal
- Department of Oncology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; Department of Clinical Oncology, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Timothy P Hanna
- Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Medicine, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
| | - Fabio Y Moraes
- Latin America Cooperative Oncology Group (LACOG), Porto Alegre, Brazil; Division of Cancer Care and Epidemiology, Cancer Research Institute, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; Department of Oncology, Kingston General Hospital, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada.
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Krug M, Naidoo A, Williams L. South Africa's oceans and coastal and information management system towards improved ocean access, protection, and governance. J Environ Manage 2024; 354:120255. [PMID: 38340669 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
The Oceans and Coastal Information Management System (OCIMS) was launched by the South African Government in 2015 to support the development and governance of the South African ocean economy. The OCIMS has established knowledge tools for marine spatial planning, maritime domain awareness, search and rescue, water quality and harmful algal bloom monitoring. Those tools are used daily by stakeholders across government departments, industry, and civil society. Unlike many other operational oceanographic and coastal systems around the world, the OCIMS was designed from its inception using inputs from stakeholders. Continuous engagements between developers and stakeholders have ensured that the system remains fit for purpose. The OCIMS is both locally relevant and globally cognizant. Developments are undertaken to ensure inter-operability with other systems in the world and promote the exchange and discovery of data. The OCIMS project was able to leverage co-funding and the sharing of data and expertise through partnerships across the public and private sectors. These partnerships have been essential to the success of OCIMS and would not have been possible without continued engagements and the sustained funding provided by the South African national government. The development pathway followed to establish the OCIMS could benefit other countries looking to implement their own operational ocean and coastal system knowledge platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjolaine Krug
- Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Oceans and Coastal Research, 2nd Floor, Foretust Building, Martin Hammerschlag Way, Cape Town, 8002, Western Cape, South Africa; Nansen Tutu Center for Marine Environmental Research, Department of Oceanography, University of Cape, Town, Rondebosch, Cape Town, 7700, Western Cape, South Africa.
| | - Ashley Naidoo
- CapeNature, PGWC Shared Services Centre, Corner Bosduif and Volstruis streets, Bridgetown, Gatesville, 7766, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - Lauren Williams
- Department of Forestry, Fisheries and the Environment, Oceans and Coastal Research, 2nd Floor, Foretust Building, Martin Hammerschlag Way, Cape Town, 8002, Western Cape, South Africa
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120
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GÓMEZ EDUARDOJ, MAANI NASON, GALEA SANDRO. The Pitfalls of Ascribing Moral Agency to Corporations: Public Obligation and Political and Social Contexts in the Commercial Determinants of Health. Milbank Q 2024; 102:28-42. [PMID: 37880820 PMCID: PMC10938930 DOI: 10.1111/1468-0009.12678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Policy Points Government and civil society should be held more accountable for creating food and beverage regulatory policies rather than assigning moral agency to the food and beverage industry. Nutrition policymaking institutions should ensure civil society's ability to design regulatory policy. Government policymaking institutions should be isolated from industry interference.
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121
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Government proposes next steps for bTB eradication. Vet Rec 2024; 194:252. [PMID: 38551252 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.4104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
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Kapiriri L, Vélez CM, Aguilera B, Essue BM, Nouvet E, Donya RS, Ieystn W, Marion D, Susan G, Abelson J, Suzanne K. A global comparative analysis of the the inclusion of priority setting in national COVID-19 pandemic plans: A reflection on the methods and the accessibility of the plans. Health Policy 2024; 141:105011. [PMID: 38350210 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthpol.2024.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the swift governments' response to the COVID-19 pandemic, there remains a paucity of literature assessing the degree to which; priority setting (PS) was included in the pandemic plans and the pandemic plans were publicly accessible. This paper reflects on the methods employed in a global comparative analysis of the degree to which countries integrated PS into their COVID-19 pandemic plans based on Kapiriri & Martin's framework. We also assessed if the accessibility of the plans was related to the country's transparency index. METHODS Through a three stage search strategy, we accessed and reviewed 86 national COVID-19 pandemic plans (and 11 Canadian provinces and territories). Secondary analysis assessed any alignment between the readily accessible plans and the country's transparency index. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION 71 national plans were readily accessible while 43 were not. There were no systematic differences between the countries whose plans were readily available and those whose plans were 'missing'. However, most of the countries with 'missing' plans tended to have a low transparency index. The framework was adapted to the pandemic context by adding a parameter on the need to plan for continuity of priority routine services. While document review may be the most feasible and appropriate approach to conducting policy analysis during health emergencies, interviews and follow up document review would assess policy implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Kapiriri
- Department of Health, Aging & Society, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Kenneth Taylor Hall Room 226, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M4, Canada.
| | - Claudia-Marcela Vélez
- Department of Health, Aging & Society, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Kenneth Taylor Hall Room 226, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M4, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, University of Antioquia, Cra 51d #62-29, Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Bernardo Aguilera
- Facultad de Medicina y Ciencia, Universidad San Sebastian, Providencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Beverley M Essue
- Centre for Global Health Research, St. Michael's Hospital, 30 Bond St, Toronto, Ontario M5B 1W8, Canada
| | - Elysee Nouvet
- School of Health Studies, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario N6A 3K7, Canada
| | - Razavi S Donya
- Department of Health, Aging & Society, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M4, Canada
| | - Williams Ieystn
- School of Social Policy, HSMC, Park House, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, Birmingham B15 2RT, UK
| | - Danis Marion
- Section on Ethics and Health Policy, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Goold Susan
- Internal Medicine and Health Management and Policy, Center for Bioethics and Social Sciences in Medicine, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Bldg. 14, G016, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2800, USA
| | - Julia Abelson
- Health Policy Program, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4M4, Canada
| | - Kiwanuka Suzanne
- Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, Makerere University College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
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Mota CS, Lira ADS, Queiroz MCAD, Santos MPAD. Àgô Sankofa: an overview of the progression of sickle cell disease in Brazil in the past two decades. Cien Saude Colet 2024; 29:e06772023. [PMID: 38451649 DOI: 10.1590/1413-81232024293.06772023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an emblematic case of historical health neglect in Brazil and reflects how institutional racism produces health inequalities. This article engaged in a historical journey of this disease, showing the delayed implementation of health policies for people with sickle cell disease, often concealed in Public Power's (in)actions and omissions. The lack of commitment to implement the recommendations of the Brazilian Ministry of Health, such as neonatal screening, and the difficulty in incorporating technologies for health care result from this modus operandi. The advances and setbacks in programmatic actions and the constant pressure on several governmental entities have characterized the reported saga in the last twenty years. The present text discusses the policies for people with SCD, appropriating the Sankofa symbol, meaning that building the present is only possible by remembering past mistakes. Thus, we recognize this trajectory and this historical moment in which there is a concrete possibility of moving forward and achieving the longed-for comprehensive care for people with SCD. There is an invitation to glance at a new perspective, one in which hope is the trigger for the movements needed to guarantee the rights of people with SCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarice Santos Mota
- Instituto de Saúde Coletiva, Universidade Federal da Bahia. R. Basílio da Gama s/n, Canela. 40110-040 Salvador BA Brasil.
- GT Racismo e Saúde, Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Abrasco). Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil
| | | | | | - Márcia Pereira Alves Dos Santos
- GT Racismo e Saúde, Associação Brasileira de Saúde Coletiva (Abrasco). Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil
- Faculdade de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. Rio de Janeiro RJ Brasil
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Liu M, Wang B. Feasibility analysis of the market-oriented construction management model of drainage project based on evolutionary game. Water Sci Technol 2024; 89:1595-1612. [PMID: 38557721 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2024.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
The construction and operational costs of drainage projects are high. Traditional construction management models impose significant financial pressure on the government and reduce stakeholder motivation. Within the market-oriented development context, reforming the construction management model is crucial for breaking the current predicament. This research establishes a framework for the market-oriented construction management model for drainage projects and constructs a behavioral strategy evolutionary game model involving government, drainage management companies, and pollution discharge subjects. Through theoretical analyses and simulations, this research presents recommendations for the implementation of the market-oriented model. The research findings indicate that: (1) the market-oriented model is feasible both theoretically and practically. Pollution rights trading aids pollution discharge subjects in adapting to the market-oriented model. (2) Ensuring sewage charges remain within the interval [P1, P1 + L2 - L1] is crucial for trilateral cooperation. (3) Simulation analysis shows that intensifying policy support, reducing the cost of technological equipment upgrades, enhancing comprehensive income, lowering the pricing of sewage charges, and raising initial selection probability all promote a tendency towards ESS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengkai Liu
- School of Management, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China E-mail:
| | - Bo Wang
- School of Management, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430065, China
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Huo C, Ferreira P, Ul Haq I. Asymmetric and time-frequency co-movements among innovation-themed investments and carbon emission efficiency: Thematic investing and hedging opportunities. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0293929. [PMID: 38422076 PMCID: PMC10903807 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0293929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
This study is aimed at investigating the asymmetric and time-frequency co-movements and the hedge or safe-haven properties of carbon efficient indices, the MSCI ACWI Sustainable Impact, and MSCI World EGS indices, in relation to technology and innovation-themed investments. In doing so, the ADCC-GJR-GARCH and wavelet coherence techniques are applied to a daily return series ranging from January 2019 to January 2023. Findings of the ADCC-GJR-GARCH model show negative and insignificant asymmetric linkage among underlying indices during the sample period. The S&P 500 carbon efficient index (CEI) acts as a strong hedge or safe-haven for technology and innovation-themed indices during tranquil and tumultuous periods. The MSCI ACWI Sustainable Impact, MSCI World EGS, and carbon efficient indices except for S&P 500 CEI exhibit weak hedge or safe-haven attributes. Wavelet coherence reveals negative (positive) co-movements between the thematic and carbon efficient indices in short-term (medium-term and long-term) horizons with consistent leading behavior of thematic indices to carbon efficient indices outcomes. It justifies the presence of short-lived hedging or safe-haven characteristics in the thematic domain for investors. These strong and weak hedge or safe-haven characteristics of low carbon and sustainability indices reveal that adding low carbon efficient and sustainable investments to a portfolio result in considerable diversification benefits for investors who tend to take minimal risk in both tranquil and tumultuous periods. The current findings imply that financial institutions, thematic investing companies, and governments need to encourage carbon efficient technology transfer and innovation-themed investments by increasing the fund allocations in underlying asset classes. Policy-making and regulatory bodies can encourage investors to make carbon-efficient and thematic investments and companies to issue carbon-efficient stocks or investments to safeguard social and economic risks during fragile periods. These investments can offer greater opportunities to combat the intensity of economic shocks on portfolios for responsible or sustainable investors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunhui Huo
- Faculty of Economics, Asia-Australia Business College, Liaoning University, 110036, Shenyang, China
| | - Paulo Ferreira
- VALORIZA—Research Center for Endogenous Resource Valorization, Portalegre, Portugal
- Department of Economic Sciences and Organizations, Polytechnic Institute of Portalegre, Portalegre, Portugal
| | - Inzamam Ul Haq
- Business School, Liaoning University, 110036, Shenyang, China
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Li Y, Su X, Bai M. A stochastic dynamic programming model for the optimal policy mix of the carbon tax and decarbonization subsidy. J Environ Manage 2024; 353:120242. [PMID: 38325284 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Carbon tax and decarbonization subsidy are an effective policy mix in reducing carbon emissions. However, there is a research gap between the deterministic and static analysis related to carbon reduction policy instruments and the dynamic green transition influenced by stochastic factors. This research investigates the optimal dynamic carbon reduction strategies that develop green technologies, increase abatement inputs, and reduce carbon emissions by applying the stochastic optimal control theory. Firms that are incentivized by decarbonization subsidies and regulated by carbon tax choose optimal closed-loop control strategies of abatement inputs to achieve profit-maximizing objectives with carbon reduction constraints. The explicit solutions of the optimal carbon tax and decarbonization subsidy are provided. The simulation results illustrate that the optimal policy mix is feasible in the effective period when the carbon emission decreases significantly, which indicates that the abatement policy mix can effectively promote carbon reduction. Our results reveal that the dynamic optimal policy mix is conducive to achieving carbon abatement goals with capital uncertainty. The government should implement a dynamic carbon tax and decarbonization subsidy policy mix simultaneously associated with optimal closed-loop carbon reduction strategies. Firms with asymmetric decarbonization efficiency can transfer progressively into a cleaner productive pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhan Li
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Xiaoshan Su
- Department of Finance, Business School, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, 516 Jungong Road, Shanghai 200093, China
| | - Manying Bai
- School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Xu K, Yuan P, Jiang G. The effects of increasing emission Fee rates on Chinese firms' emissions: Evidence from a quasi-experiment. J Environ Manage 2024; 353:120200. [PMID: 38330836 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
Over the last four decades, the Chinese government has predominantly employed emission fees as a regulatory strategy to mitigate pollution from firms. However, the effectiveness of escalating emission fee rates on the emission levels of Chinese firms has not been examined. This study utilizes data from more than 80,000 Chinese firms spanning 2004-2013, employing difference-in-differences models to assess the effects of rising emission fee rates on firm emissions. The findings indicate the following: (1) Increased emission fee rates substantially reduce sulfur dioxide and chemical oxygen demand emissions among Chinese firms; (2) These heightened fees encourage firms to implement both end-of-pipe treatment and source control for sulfur dioxide and end-of-pipe treatment for chemical oxygen demand; (3) The emission reduction effects vary according to firm ownership and size. This research offers empirical evidence on the efficacy of emission fee systems and provides valuable insights for developing market incentive-based environmental regulations in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kefan Xu
- Institution: West Institute for Economic Research, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, China.
| | - Peng Yuan
- Institution: West Institute for Economic Research, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, China.
| | - Gongxiong Jiang
- Institution: West Institute for Economic Research, Southwestern University of Finance and Economics, China.
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Khan FU, Bugnar N, Zhang J, Badulescu A, Khan MWJ. Towards sustainable management: Exploring the role of internal monitoring in pollution prevention. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297926. [PMID: 38394172 PMCID: PMC10889615 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Researchers in the field of sustainable management have recently dedicated significant efforts to understand why organizations exhibit diverse responses to environmental responsibilities. Ethical scholars assert that internal management plays a pivotal role in promoting sustainability because of its attitude toward sustainable issues. In alignment with this perspective, our study formulates a framework for internal monitoring that underscores the significance of independent, female, international, and politically connected directors. We investigate how these internal monitors influence a company's commitment to promote sustainable investments for pollution prevention. By employing fixed effect model and generalized method of moments (GMM) on a dataset obtained from the largest emerging market-China over the period 2012 to 2019, our findings indicate that the mentioned monitors demonstrate a stronger commitment to pollution prevention by promoting corporate sustainable investments. In addition, our analysis reveals that when the government withdraws its involvement in enterprises, it has a notable negative impact on the connection between internal monitors and a company's efforts in pollution prevention. Our results imply that implementation of sustainable policies for pollution prevention fundamentally result from not only internal management, but also from powerful stakeholders (like government involvement). Moreover, our study educates the policy makers regarding the social consequences of governmental withdrawal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farman Ullah Khan
- Department of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University City College, Xi’an, China
| | - Nicoleta Bugnar
- Department of International Business, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Junrui Zhang
- Department of Management, Xi’an Jiaotong University City College, Xi’an, China
| | - Alina Badulescu
- Department of Economics and Business, Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Oradea, Oradea, Romania
| | - Muhammad Wasim Jan Khan
- Department of Management Sciences, University College of Zhob, BUITEMS Sub-Campus, Zhob, Balochistan, Pakistan
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129
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Wang J, Tan Y, Zhan L, Yang H, Li X, Gao F, Qiu S. Sustainable development of environmental protection talents training: Research on the behavior decision of government, university and enterprise under the background of evolutionary game. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298548. [PMID: 38394217 PMCID: PMC10890725 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Environmental protection talents training (EPTT) is recognized as a key prerequisite for maintaining environmental sustainability, and in order to study the influence of each player on EPTT. This paper innovatively constructs a tripartite evolutionary game model of government, university and enterprise. The equilibrium points and evolutionary stabilization strategies of each participant are solved by replicating the dynamic equations, and the behaviors of each subject in EPTT are analyzed so as to clarify the behavioral characteristics and optimal strategies of the government's participation in EPTT. The results show that enterprises occupy a more important position in influencing government decisions. The government should reduce the financial incentives for enterprises and replace them with greater policy support. Meanwhile, the government should actively promote the cultivation mechanism that integrates universities and enterprises. The results of the study can provide a decision-making basis for the government to promote the sustainable development of EPTT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinxia Wang
- College of Resources and Safety, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Yunfeng Tan
- College of River and Ocean Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lingling Zhan
- General college, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- College of Resources and Environment, Southwest University, Beibei, Chongqing, China
| | - Xieling Li
- College of Resources and Safety, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Gao
- College of Resources and Safety, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, China
| | - Siyuan Qiu
- College of Resources and Safety, Chongqing Vocational Institute of Engineering, Chongqing, China
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130
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Desmond C, Watt K, Rudgard WE, Sherr L, Cluver L. Whole of government approaches to accelerate adolescent success: efficiency and financing considerations. Health Policy Plan 2024; 39:168-177. [PMID: 38048303 PMCID: PMC11020293 DOI: 10.1093/heapol/czad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The multiple domains of development covered by the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) present a practical challenge for governments. This is particularly acute in highly resource-constrained settings which use a sector-by-sector approach to structure financing and prioritization. One potentially under-prioritized solution is to implement interventions with the potential to simultaneously improve multiple outcomes across sectors, what United Nations Development Programme refer to as development 'accelerators'. An increasing number of accelerators are being identified in the literature. There are, however, challenges associated with the evaluation and implementation of accelerators. First, as accelerators have multiple benefits, possibly in different sectors, they will be undervalued if the priority setting is conducted sector-by-sector. Second, even if their value is recognized, accelerators may not be adopted if doing so clashes with any of the multiple competing interests policymakers consider, of which efficiency/social desirability is but one. To illustrate the first challenge, and outline a possible solution, we conduct a cost-effectiveness analysis comparing the implementation of three sector-specific interventions to an accelerator, first using a sector-by-sector planning perspective, then a whole of government approach. The case study demonstrates how evaluating the cost-effectiveness of interventions sector-by-sector can lead to suboptimal efficiency rankings and overlook interventions that are efficient from a whole of government perspective. We then examine why recommendations based on a whole of government approach to evaluation are unlikely to be heeded. To overcome this second challenge, we outline a menu of existing and novel financing mechanisms that aim to address the mismatch between political incentives and logistical constraints in the priority setting and the economic evaluation evidence for cost-effective accelerators. These approaches to financing accelerators have the potential to improve efficiency, and in doing so, progress towards the SDGs, by aligning political incentives more closely with recommendations based on efficiency rankings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Desmond
- School of Economics and Finance, University of the Witwatersrand, 1 Jan Smuts Avenue, Braamfontein, Johannesburg, Gauteng 2000, South Africa
- Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 238 Masizi Kunene Road, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal 4041, South Africa
| | - Kathryn Watt
- Centre for Rural Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, 238 Masizi Kunene Road, Durban, KwaZulu-Natal 4041, South Africa
| | - William E Rudgard
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom
- Centre for Social Science Research, University of Cape Town, Robert Leslie Social Science Building 12 University Avenue South, University of Rondebosch, Cape Town 7700, South Africa
| | - Lorraine Sherr
- Health Psychology Unit, Institute of Global Health, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London NW3 2PF, United Kingdom
| | - Lucie Cluver
- Department of Social Policy and Intervention, University of Oxford, 32 Wellington Square, Oxford OX1 2ER, United Kingdom
- UK Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Anzio Road, 1st floor, Neuroscience Institute, Groote Schuur Hospital, Observatory, Cape Town, Western Cape 7925, South Africa
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131
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Mahase E. Surge in drug supply problems reflects lack of government insight, says industry leader. BMJ 2024; 384:q467. [PMID: 38387966 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
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132
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McCambridge J, Lesch M. Are we moving into a new era for alcohol policy globally? An analysis of the Global Alcohol Action Plan 2022-30. BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e014246. [PMID: 38388164 PMCID: PMC10895216 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-014246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The Global Alcohol Action Plan 2022-30 (GAAP) represents an important milestone in policy implementation at the global level on alcohol and health. There has, however, been little attention paid to the GAAP in the research literature. With a focus on the alcohol industry, this analysis examines the content of, and prospects for, the GAAP. It is clear why stronger action on alcohol and health is needed. The health harming nature of alcohol and policy interference by industry are now clearly understood. The alcohol industry is now thus regarded primarily as a key part of the problem. The GAAP calls for action in six areas with specific roles for public health actors, and invites powerful industry actors to desist from harmful activities, within each area. The broad outline of what is expected of the alcohol industry is now clear. It remains unclear, however, how far countries will continue to face formidable opposition from the major alcohol companies and their surrogates, in adopting and implementing evidence-based measures. Governments must now act at speed, and it is unclear if the targets set for 2030 will be met. If this long-running public health policy failure continues, this will have dire consequences for low and middle income countries where the alcohol market is expanding. Stronger actions may also be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Lesch
- Department of Health Sciences, University of York, York, UK
- Department of Politics and International Relations, University of York, York, UK
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133
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Acharya S, Das S, Devaux Y, Robinson EL. The impact of government policies, funding, and networking to accelerate transatlantic cardiovascular research. Eur Heart J 2024; 45:567-569. [PMID: 38103179 DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehad818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shubhra Acharya
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Medicine, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Saumya Das
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yvan Devaux
- Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of Health, 1A-B, rue Thomas Edison, L-1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Emma L Robinson
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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134
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Mahase E. Government is refusing to include GPs or nurses in additional roles scheme, says BMA leader. BMJ 2024; 384:q450. [PMID: 38378223 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
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135
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Kato M, Yoshimatsu F, Yamamoto T, Kobayashi N, Kikuchi T, Matsuoka S, Matano T, Iwahashi K, Ikushima Y, Shiono S, Ishikane M, Morioka S, Nakamoto T, Yoshimi I, Saito T. Development of a partnership between academia, community, and government in response to the 2022 mpox outbreak in Japan. Nihon Koshu Eisei Zasshi 2024; 71:103-107. [PMID: 37821379 DOI: 10.11236/jph.23-028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Objectives In response to the steady rise in the number of cases of mpox in nonendemic countries, starting with an outbreak in the United Kingdom in May 2022, the World Health Organization declared a public health emergency of international concern on July 23, 2022. As of November 13, 2022, seven cases of mpox have been reported in Japan.Methods A community engagement approach was applied to prevent the spread of mpox in Japan.Results A tripartite partnership between academia, community, and government (ACG) was established to promote multisectoral communication between vulnerable communities, medical personnel involved in diagnosis and treatment, public health specialists at public health centers, epidemiologists at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases (NIID), and government and public administration. Through information sharing, this ACG partnership can translate accurate information into effective infection control measures.Conclusion By developing and maintaining the ACG partnership, an environment will be created that allows an immediate response to future public health crises affecting vulnerable communities. This Practice Report describes the process of establishing an ACG partnership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mio Kato
- National Institute of Infectious Diseases
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136
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Loeb J. Government responds to VMR consultation. Vet Rec 2024; 194:130. [PMID: 38362975 DOI: 10.1002/vetr.3958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
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137
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Chen T, Yang F, Li Y, Zhang Z. Two-Way FDI assists agricultural sustainable development: Based on digitalization and greening perspectives. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296896. [PMID: 38363765 PMCID: PMC10871478 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
With the new challenges and crises facing agriculture, digitalization and green transformation have become important ways to solve the problems. This paper uses an international economics perspective to chart a new path for sustainable agricultural development. Specifically, it analyzes whether two-way international direct investment (FDI) can facilitate agricultural digital-green fusion(DGF)? Using a sample of 31 provinces (autonomous regions) from 2012 to 2021, this study finds: (1) Two-way FDI can significantly contribute to agriculture's DGF. (2) In the mechanism test, it is proved that two-way FDI can promote agriculture's DGF level by promoting green technology innovation capacity and overall regional technology innovation capacity. (3) The positive effects of two-way FDI are prominent in the eastern and central regions, coastal regions, and economically developed areas. (4) In the spatial Durbin model, the local two-way FDI growth improves agriculture's DGF level in the surrounding areas to a certain extent. The government is advised to prioritize openness, foster an environment for technological innovation, leverage spatial radiation for agricultural DGF, and advance digitally empowered agricultural modernization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingwei Chen
- School of Economics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Feng Yang
- School of Economics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yujie Li
- School of Economics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Zongbin Zhang
- School of Economics, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, Shandong, China
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138
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Rimmer A. BMA urges government to lift cap on compensation for LGBT veterans. BMJ 2024; 384:q418. [PMID: 38365276 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.q418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
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139
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Jiang Y, Xiao Y, Zhang Z, Zhao S. How does central-local interaction affect local environmental governance? Insights from the transformation of central environmental protection inspection in China. Environ Res 2024; 243:117668. [PMID: 38007082 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.117668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/27/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, one of the most important and innovative policy initiatives introduced by the Chinese government in the field of environmental protection and ecological civilization construction is the Central Environmental Protection Inspection (CEPI). CEPI is seen as a vital tool to encourage local implementation of environmental protection responsibility. Over the course of its operation (eight years), CEPI has transformed from the "campaign" phase to the "convention" phase. It is noted that while provincial governments face a common high-pressure environment created by CEPI, governance scenarios, behaviors, and performance vary across the country significantly. To better understand local governments' environmental governance behaviors under the transformation of CEPI, an integrated analysis framework consisting of two key elements, "central dominance" and "local proactiveness", is constructed based on the central-local interactions under the principal-agent model. Based on this framework, we conducted a multi-case comparative analysis of four classic cases, with the following findings. (1) Along with the operation of CEPI and its transformation, the interaction between the central and local governments leads to four governance scenarios: "control-active cooperation", "control-passive cooperation", "guidance-active promotion", and "guidance-passive promotion". (2) Influenced by various factors such as pressure by the central government, local governments' capabilities and governance motivations, local governments form governance behaviors with varying degrees of proactiveness and autonomy. (3) After examining the governance performance of varying behaviors, it is found that local government's "active promotion" behavior can achieve higher governance effectiveness in the "convention" phase. Therefore, it is of policy implication that local governments should be guided to transit from "passive cooperation" to "active promotion". This paper has important guiding significance for understanding local environmental governance behaviors under strong top-down institutional pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yating Jiang
- School of Public Management, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010020, Inner Mongolia, PR China.
| | - Yina Xiao
- School of Public Affairs, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, Fujian, PR China.
| | - Zhenhua Zhang
- School of Economics, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China; Institute of Green Finance, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, Gansu, PR China.
| | - Si Zhao
- School of Political Science and Public Administration, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266200, Shandong, PR China.
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140
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Hong S, Wang T, Fu X, Li G. Research on quantitative evaluation of digital economy policy in China based on the PMC index model. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298312. [PMID: 38359065 PMCID: PMC10868804 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The development of digital economy is a strategic choice to grasp the revolution of new science and technology and the new opportunities of industrial reform. The development of digital economy depends on the good support of policy and theoretical system. Therefore, the quantitative evaluation of policy texts provides the basis of decision-making and the suggestions of path optimization for the formulation and improvement of digital economy policy of China. By selecting the text of digital economy policy issued by China government, the paper constructs a quantitative evaluation model of digital economy policy using the methods of content analysis and text mining. The empirical research results show that the overall design evaluation of the selected policy is relatively reasonable. Six policies were evaluated as excellent and two as acceptable. In view of the problems such as lack of predictive policy in the policy type, lack of specific policy in the policy timeliness, imbalance in the use of policy guarantee, and lack of comprehensive coverage in the policy objectives, the paper puts forward corresponding countermeasures and suggestions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Hong
- Institute of Economic Research, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, China
- Hebei Coordinated Innovation Center for BTH Coordinated Development, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Tianzun Wang
- Institute of Economic Research, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, China
- College of Economics and Management, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoyi Fu
- Institute of Economic Research, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Guo Li
- Institute of Economic Research, Hebei University of Economics and Business, Shijiazhuang, China
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141
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Maharaj S, Seepersad R, Sooknanan J, Anderson S, Franco D, Ramdass A, Seemungal T. A public health approach to reducing violence within the CARICOM region. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1344387. [PMID: 38425469 PMCID: PMC10902113 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1344387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Widespread crime has become a worldwide problem so much so that violence is now ranked fourth globally in its contribution to disability-adjusted life years in the 10 to 24 age group. Homicides, a surrogate marker of violent crime, have shown an upward trend in almost all of the CARICOM countries, and homicide rates over the past 3 years have consistently increased, though the pattern of violence varies by country. This background has informed the need for greater emphasis on the need for a different approach to dealing with crime in the CARICOM region. The CARICOM governments recently hosted a symposium on crime and violence as a public health issue. The public health approach to crime has been used with measurable success in different parts of the world and, more recently in Trinidad, one of the CARICOM countries. The paper outlines the outcomes of the symposium and discusses its implications for the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Maharaj
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
- Planetary Health Alliance, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Randy Seepersad
- Criminology Unit, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Joanna Sooknanan
- The University of the West Indies Open Campus, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Simon Anderson
- Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill Campus, Bridgetown, Barbados
- The George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, A Unit of the Caribbean Institute for Health Research, Cave Hill, Bridgetown, Barbados
| | - Darleen Franco
- Primary Care and Public Health, Northwest Regional Health Authority, Port of Spain, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Amrica Ramdass
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - Terence Seemungal
- Department of Clinical Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
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142
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Tang Z, Pan X, Gu Z. Analyzing public demands on China's online government inquiry platform: A BERTopic-Based topic modeling study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296855. [PMID: 38359072 PMCID: PMC10868819 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aims to enhance governmental decision-making by leveraging advanced topic modeling algorithms to analyze public letters on the "People Call Me" online government inquiry platform in Zhejiang Province, China. Employing advanced web scraping techniques, we collected publicly available letter data from Hangzhou City between June 2022 and May 2023. Initial descriptive statistical analyses and text mining were conducted, followed by topic modeling using the BERTopic algorithm. Our findings indicate that public demands are chiefly focused on livelihood security and rights protection, and these demands exhibit a diversity of characteristics. Furthermore, the public's response to significant emergency events demonstrates both sensitivity and deep concern, underlining its pivotal role in government emergency management. This research not only provides a comprehensive landscape of public demands but also validates the efficacy of the BERTopic algorithm for extracting such demands, thereby offering valuable insights to bolster the government's agility and resilience in emergency responses, enhance public services, and modernize social governance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoyuan Tang
- School of Information Technology, Zhejiang Financial College, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Pan
- Medical Record, Zhejiang University School of Medicine Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhouyi Gu
- School of Information Technology, Zhejiang Financial College, Hangzhou, China
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143
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Cheng C, Messerschmidt L, Bravo I, Waldbauer M, Bhavikatti R, Schenk C, Grujic V, Model T, Kubinec R, Barceló J. Harmonizing government responses to the COVID-19 pandemic. Sci Data 2024; 11:204. [PMID: 38355867 PMCID: PMC10867014 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-023-02881-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Public health and safety measures (PHSM) made in response to the COVID-19 pandemic have been singular, rapid, and profuse compared to the content, speed, and volume of normal policy-making. Not only can they have a profound effect on the spread of the disease, but they may also have multitudinous secondary effects, in both the social and natural worlds. Unfortunately, despite the best efforts by numerous research groups, existing data on COVID-19 PHSM only partially captures their full geographical scale and policy scope for any significant duration of time. This paper introduces our effort to harmonize data from the eight largest such efforts for policies made before September 21, 2021 into the taxonomy developed by the CoronaNet Research Project in order to respond to the need for comprehensive, high quality COVID-19 data. In doing so, we present a comprehensive comparative analysis of existing data from different COVID-19 PHSM datasets, introduce our novel methodology for harmonizing COVID-19 PHSM data, and provide a clear-eyed assessment of the pros and cons of our efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Cheng
- Hochschule für Politik, Technical University of Munich, Richard-Wagner Str. 1, Munich, 80333, Bavaria, Germany.
| | - Luca Messerschmidt
- Hochschule für Politik, Technical University of Munich, Richard-Wagner Str. 1, Munich, 80333, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Isaac Bravo
- Hochschule für Politik, Technical University of Munich, Richard-Wagner Str. 1, Munich, 80333, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Marco Waldbauer
- Hochschule für Politik, Technical University of Munich, Richard-Wagner Str. 1, Munich, 80333, Bavaria, Germany
| | | | - Caress Schenk
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Kabanbay Batyr Ave., 53, Astana, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Vanja Grujic
- Faculty of Law, University of Pernambuco, Praça Adolfo Cirne, Recife, 50050-060, Brazil
| | - Tim Model
- iSpot, 15831 NE 8th Str #100, Bellevue, 98008, Washington, USA
| | - Robert Kubinec
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Social Science Building (A5), Abu Dhabi, 129188, United Arab Emirates
| | - Joan Barceló
- Division of Social Science, New York University Abu Dhabi, Social Science Building (A5), Abu Dhabi, 129188, United Arab Emirates
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144
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Oyewo B, Tauringana V, Tawiah V, Aju O. Impact of country governance mechanisms on carbon emissions performance of multinational entities. J Environ Manage 2024; 352:120000. [PMID: 38211430 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.120000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of country governance mechanisms on carbon emissions performance of private sector organisations, using empirical evidence from 336 top multinational entities (MNEs) over a 15-year period. The results show that, at the aggregate level, Control of Corruption (b = -0.021, p < 0.01) and Voice & Accountability (b = -0.015, p < 0.05) are significantly and negatively associated with carbon emissions rate. While Political Stability (b = 0.007, p < 0.05) and Government Effectiveness (b = 0.018, p < 0.05) have significant positive impact on carbon emissions rate, the impact of Regulatory Quality and Rule of Law is negative but insignificant. Empirical evidence supports the conclusion that the existing institutional environment is not sufficient to deliver the net zero transition. There is a need for more coordination, strategic planning, and delivery monitoring in government institutions to achieve decarbonisation targets. The study contributes to knowledge within the context of the identified research gaps. First, the study adds to the limited literature on the impact of country governance on carbon emissions reduction, particularly with reference to scope 3 emissions. Second, with the sustainable development goals (SDGs) set to expire by 2030, the study provides empirical evidence on efforts governments of countries are making in achieving decarbonisation targets through improvement in country governance quality. Third, the study shows that the impact of the country governance on the carbon emissions performance of MNEs is contextual and varies across jurisdictions/geographical regions. Finally, the paper contributes to the debate on the actualisation of Agenda 2030, because presenting empirical evidence on the impact of country governance mechanisms on carbon emissions reduction-particularly scope 3 emissions-is an important discourse in the realisation of the SDGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babajide Oyewo
- Essex Business School, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom.
| | - Venancio Tauringana
- Department of Accounting, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.
| | - Vincent Tawiah
- DCU Business School, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Oluseyi Aju
- Leeds Business School, Leeds Beckett University, Rose Bowl City Campus, LS1 3HL, United Kingdom.
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145
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Duan Y, Zhou S, Ning J, Drechsler M. Introducing wetland offset markets under development-restoration conflicts: The role of public offset credit supply. J Environ Manage 2024; 352:120125. [PMID: 38246104 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.120125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Wetland offset markets (WOMs) are increasingly applied worldwide as powerful tools for mitigating conflicts between wetland development and restoration. Reducing benefit uncertainty is key to promoting private restoration and introducing WOMs, which necessitates sufficient and stable price signals. Given that governments are important suppliers in WOMs, this article aims to explore the role of public offset credit (OC) supply in delivering and adjusting price signals during WOM formation and evolution. A general spatial agent-based wetland offset market model is built to simulate landowners' behavior, price dynamics, and WOM evolution under different public OC supply schemes. The results show that the spontaneous formation of WOMs is a time-consuming process. Price signals of public OCs reduce price fluctuations at the early stage of WOMs. This price stabilizing effect can cause a long-term reduction in benefit uncertainty perceived by landowners. Therefore, public OCs can facilitate WOM formation either through the supply side with high supply prices or through the demand side with low supply prices. During the entire WOM evolution process, due to landowners' readaptation, cheap public OCs can cause significant market fluctuations following the ceasing of cheap public supplies. The impacts of public OC on wetland development and restoration might change over time, and the suitability of public OC supplies under different long-term wetland management preferences was analyzed. These findings can further the understanding of the process of introducing a new market mechanism, such as WOMs, and the role of the government as a supplier. The research results provide insights for WOM practices, public restoration and OC supply scheme design, and wetland development-restoration conflict coordination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeqing Duan
- Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China; Water Resources Economics Research Institute, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China; Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany
| | - Shenbei Zhou
- Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China; Water Resources Economics Research Institute, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China; Global Environment and Natural Resources Institute (GENRI) & Department of Geography and GeoInformation Science (GGS), College of Science, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, 22030, USA.
| | - Jing Ning
- Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China; Water Resources Economics Research Institute, Hohai University, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Martin Drechsler
- Department of Ecological Modelling, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, 04318, Germany; Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
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146
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Chang K, Luo D, Dong Y, Xiong C. The impact of green finance policy on green innovation performance: Evidence from Chinese heavily polluting enterprises. J Environ Manage 2024; 352:119961. [PMID: 38219663 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.119961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Green innovation (GI) is increasingly recognised as an effective strategy for tackling climate change, mitigating environmental issues, and promoting sustainable development. Using panel data of the Chinese listed firms from 2007 to 2019, this study adopts the difference-in-differences approach to assess the impact of the green finance policy (GFP) initiated by the Chinese government in 2012 on the green innovation performance of firms. The findings reveal that the GFP significantly boosts the green innovation performance of heavily polluting enterprises (HPEs). Notably, this effect is more pronounced in state-owned enterprises and firms with high dependence on external finance. Compared with penalty-based regulations, incentive-based and voluntary environmental regulations demonstrate more significant moderating effects on the relationship between the GFP and green innovation performance for HPEs. We also identify improved efficiency in the usage of green investments as a potential mechanism through which the GFP enhances the green innovation performance of HPEs. Further comparative analysis shows that green enterprises can achieve simultaneous improvement in both the quality and quantity of green innovation, whereas HPEs predominantly exhibit enhancements in innovation quantity. To maximise the GFP's positive effects, it is recommended to facilitate more targeted bank lending towards HPEs to support their structural transformation. Additionally, the coordinated deployment of diverse environmental policy instruments is advised to exploit their synergistic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiwen Chang
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology; Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UD, UK
| | - Dan Luo
- Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UD, UK; State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment & System Security and New Technology, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Yizhe Dong
- University of Edinburgh Business School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, EH8 9JS, UK
| | - Chu Xiong
- Henley Business School, University of Reading, Reading, RG6 6UD, UK
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147
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Xu W, Zhu L, Peng Z, Chen X. A multi-case study of the vertically integrated health-care at county-level in rural China: towards holistic and dynamic governance. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1178179. [PMID: 38419815 PMCID: PMC10899891 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1178179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background In contrast to the Grading Diagnosis and Treatment System (GDTS), Vertically Integrated Health-care at County-level (VIHC) is a strategic policy in rural China. This research intends to analyze the shift in governance paradigm with regard to the adjustment of the power structure and interest relationships among various participants, using the building of VIHC as a cut-in point. Methods We carry out a multi-case study to investigate the paradigms of health governance when building VIHC in three different rural counties in China. Results There were exchanges between government and other participants, vertical and horizontal collaborations among government divisions, and prompt responses to public requirements. County C's local administration, in particular, placed a strong emphasis on bureaucratic power and collaboration between various departments both within and outside of administrative boundaries. In contrast, County B's local administration emphasized the independence of healthcare practitioners and worked to win their support. In contrast to the previous two governments, County A encouraged social actors to participate and saw a little improvement in performance. Conclusion In examining the health reform in rural China, this study paints a picture of the development of the health governance paradigm. In rural China, a comprehensive and dynamic governance paradigm was created through the integration of the health decision-making process, which was driven by the public's health needs, the operation mechanism, which featured both competition and cooperation, and the action logic of sharing responsibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Xu
- Institute of Civil Affairs and Social Work, Changsha Social Work College, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Li Zhu
- School of Politics and Public Administration, Guangxi Minzu University, Nanning, China
| | - Zixuan Peng
- School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xu Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Philosophy and Social Sciences Pilot Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
- Laboratory of Intelligent Society and Governance, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China
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148
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Yang Q, Ming S, Zhang R, Yan H. Green finance and corporate environmental investment: "Scale Up" or "Efficiency Up"? PLoS One 2024; 19:e0297456. [PMID: 38346062 PMCID: PMC10861075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0297456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
The establishment of green finance reform and innovation (GFRI) pilot zone is an important measure of the Chinese government to urge enterprises to develop green transformation. This paper explores the impact of pilot policies in the GFRI pilot zone on corporate environmental investment. Based on 819 A-share listed enterprises from 2010 to 2020, our staggered difference-in-differences (staggered DID) estimation documents revealed that enterprises in the GFRI pilot zone significantly increased the corporate environmental investment efficiency but reduced the scale of corporate environmental investment.This conclusion remained robust after Propensity Scores Matching difference-in-differences (PSM-DID), replacing dependent variables, and shortening the time window. We contend that the increased research and development (R&D) expenditure and technological innovation are the potential mechanisms at work. Heterogeneity analysis showed that the establishment of GFRI improved the environmental investment efficiency of polluting enterprises but had no effect on green enterprises.Meanwhile, the effect of GFRI exhibited heterogeneity in the type of enterprise ownership. This paper evaluates the implementation effect of GFRI from the perspective of corporate environmental investment, and provides theoretical support and an empirical basis for green finance policy to serve China's green economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qu Yang
- Business School, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Shiyi Ming
- Business School, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Rongguang Zhang
- Business School, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu, 610059, China
| | - Haitao Yan
- Business School, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610066, China
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149
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Subedi K, Sigdel B, Khanal PP, Sharma D, Chaudhary G, Singh AK, Paneru S. Dental caries, tobacco usage and associated risk factor of dental caries in patients visiting a government hospital in Western, Nepal. BMC Oral Health 2024; 24:219. [PMID: 38342887 PMCID: PMC10859024 DOI: 10.1186/s12903-024-03997-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was conducted to assess the prevalence of dental caries, tobacco usage, and associated risk factors for dental caries in patients who visited a government hospital in Western, Nepal. METHODS This analytical cross-sectional study was conducted from January to April 2022. Patients above 18 years visiting the dental OPD of a government hospital, and who had provided informed consent were enrolled in the study using a convenience sampling technique. As the study also involved an illiterate population, in that case, informed consent was obtained from their respective legal guardian as well. A pretested standardized, close-ended questionnaire was administered by researchers to gather information regarding the associated risk factors and oral hygiene practices. Clinical examination was done for dental caries according to the criteria by the World Health Organization (WHO) using the "DMFT" index (WHO modification 1987). Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was done and the odds ratio and p-value was calculated. For all tests, statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS A total of 219 participants completed the study with a mean age of 31.73 ± 12.46. The prevalence of dental caries and tobacco was found to be 80.36% and 5.02% respectively. Participants without health insurance had 2.35 times higher odds of dental caries (95% CI: 1.03-5.36). Not rinsing the mouth after eating sweets was associated with 3.07 times higher odds of dental caries (95% CI: 1.31-7.18). Those who hadn't visited a dentist in the past 12 months had lower odds (0.42; 95% CI: 0.18-0.94). Eating fresh fruit daily showed statistically higher odds (2.70; 95% CI: 1.04-6.99) of dental caries. Non-tobacco users had higher odds (14.19; 2.55-78.99) of dental caries. CONCLUSION Dental caries is highly prevalent, while tobacco usage is relatively low. Factors associated with dental caries included lack of health insurance coverage, consumption of fruits once daily, recent dental visits within the past year, not rinsing the mouth with water after consuming sweets, and non-tobacco users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Subedi
- Department of Community Dentistry, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal.
| | - Bhawana Sigdel
- Department of Dentistry, Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Purna Prasad Khanal
- Orthodontic Unit, Dental Department, National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Deepa Sharma
- Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal
| | | | | | - Sunil Paneru
- Department of Dentistry, Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences, Pokhara, Nepal
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150
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Hewitt AM. The Coproduction of Health Framework: Seeking Instructive Management Models and Theories. Adv Health Care Manag 2024; 22:181-210. [PMID: 38262016 DOI: 10.1108/s1474-823120240000022009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2024]
Abstract
At the beginning of the 21st century, multiple and diverse social entities, including the public (consumers), private and nonprofit healthcare institutions, government (public health) and other industry sectors, began to recognize the limitations of the current fragmented healthcare system paradigm. Primary stakeholders, including employers, insurance companies, and healthcare professional organizations, also voiced dissatisfaction with unacceptable health outcomes and rising costs. Grand challenges and wicked problems threatened the viability of the health sector. American health systems responded with innovations and advances in healthcare delivery frameworks that encouraged shifts from intra- and inter-sector arrangements to multi-sector, lasting relationships that emphasized patient centrality along with long-term commitments to sustainability and accountability. This pathway, leading to a population health approach, also generated the need for transformative business models. The coproduction of health framework, with its emphasis on cross-sector alignments, nontraditional partner relationships, sustainable missions, and accountability capable of yielding return on investments, has emerged as a unique strategy for facing disruptive threats and challenges from nonhealth sector corporations. This chapter presents a coproduction of health framework, goals and criteria, examples of boundary spanning network alliance models, and operational (integrator, convener, aggregator) strategies. A comparison of important organizational science theories, including institutional theory, network/network analysis theory, and resource dependency theory, provides suggestions for future research directions necessary to validate the utility of the coproduction of health framework as a precursor for paradigm change.
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