51
|
Rannug A, Holmberg B, Ekström T, Mild KH. Rat liver foci study on coexposure with 50 Hz magnetic fields and known carcinogens. Bioelectromagnetics 1993; 14:17-27. [PMID: 8442779 DOI: 10.1002/bem.2250140105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A study was performed to investigate possible interactions by magnetic fields (MF) with the processes of initiation and promotion of chemically induced preneoplastic lesions in rat liver. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to a 70% partial hepatectomy followed after 24 h by i.p. injection of diethylnitrosamine (DENA) as a tumour initiator. Starting one week after the DENA-treatment phenobarbital (PB) was given to promote growth of enzymatically altered foci of liver cells. MF was applied immediately after the partial hepatectomy and continued until sacrifice after 12 weeks of PB exposure. Homogenous horizontal AC magnetic fields with a frequency of 50 Hz and flux densities of 0.5 mu T or 0.5 mT were used. The rats coexposed with MF and DENA plus PB did not gain weight as much as the rats exposed to the chemical agents only. The MF-exposure also resulted in a slight reduction in size and numbers of the focal lesions. The results suggest an interaction of MF with the processes of chemical carcinogenesis either as a result of stress or depending on effects on the proliferation of preneoplastic cells.
Collapse
|
52
|
Johnels B, Ingvarsson PE, Holmberg B, Matousek M, Steg G. Single-dose L-dopa response in early Parkinson's disease: measurements with optoelectronic recording technique. Mov Disord 1993; 8:56-62. [PMID: 8419808 DOI: 10.1002/mds.870080111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Twenty-five patients with suspected Parkinson's disease were submitted to optoelectronic movement analysis with the Posturo-Locomotor-Manual (PLM) test before and 60 min after a single dose of L-Dopa. They were then examined clinically for diagnosis. Two patients were excluded due to L-Dopa intolerance. Seventeen of the remaining patients were classified as having Parkinson's disease. The movement time (MT) in the PLM test was increased for all these patients, and they improved their performance after L-Dopa. The degree of improvement was roughly proportional to the pretreatment augmentation of MT in comparison to healthy subjects of the same age. The PLM phase analysis showed a specific disability profile for each individual. Six patients were given diagnoses other than PD. Some improvement was found in one patient with suspected olivopontocerebellar atrophy and one patient with multiple brain injury. Two patients with progressive supranuclear palsy, one with suspected striatonigral degeneration, and one with functional disturbance deteriorated after L-Dopa. In conclusion, truly objective and fully reproducible evaluation of the motor performance before and after a single L-Dopa dose is easily accomplished with computer-assisted modern optoelectronic recording equipment. The technique is a valuable tool for the quantitative measurement of treatment effects and contributes to the differential diagnosis.
Collapse
|
53
|
Holmberg B, Holmberg BM. [Short-term cognitive therapy--with emphasis on practical questions]. VARDFACKET 1992; 16:XII-XIII. [PMID: 1340069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
|
54
|
Holmberg B. [Health care in the election. Social Democrats have a stake in public health care. Interview by Jan Thomasson]. VARDFACKET 1991; 15:18. [PMID: 1950117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
55
|
Adolfsson R, Holmberg B. [Anxiety depressions among the elderly--symptoms, diagnosis and treatment]. LAKARTIDNINGEN 1991; 88:2586, 2590-1. [PMID: 1881214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
|
56
|
Högberg J, Holmberg B. [Risks are overestimated by current standards. Growing knowledge is basis for a more flexible risk evaluation of carcinogenic chemicals]. LAKARTIDNINGEN 1991; 88:2328-30. [PMID: 2062146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
|
57
|
Olander L, Colmsjö A, Holmberg B, Krantz S, Landström U. Occupational implications of the chlorofluorocarbon ban in Sweden. Am J Ind Med 1991; 19:818-26. [PMID: 1882860 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.4700190615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Limitations on the use of full halogenated chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) may create occupational environmental problems. These are currently largely unknown, because the toxicology of most CFC substitutes is unknown. Therefore, toxicity testing of CFC substitutes is necessary, and this can best be done before their use commences. Destruction of CFC and materials containing CFC could generate new chemical compounds, especially during incineration. In addition, problems with higher noise and vibration levels may occur when CFC substitutes are employed, and we should keep in mind that occupational environment problems could also develop when new routines are introduced for transporting, storing, and handling new materials.
Collapse
|
58
|
Lundberg P, Löf A, Johanson G, Wennberg A, Högberg J, Holmberg B. New Swedish occupational standards for some organic solvents. Am J Ind Med 1991; 19:559-67. [PMID: 2053575 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.4700190502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In 1987, the Swedish government requested a unique investigation of the consequences of a 50% reduction of permissible exposure levels (PEL) for organic solvents. As a result, 29 solvents were investigated and for 25 of them a reduction--if not to 50%--was suggested. For 13 of the solvents, there existed scientific arguments for a reduction of the PEL. For 12 solvents, no specific biomedical information was available. Presumed interactions between solvents may have influenced the decisions, but technological/economic feasibility criteria may also have been used by the regulators. This suggests that the use of technological/economic feasibility criteria can give lower PELs than health criteria. This is within the intentions of the Swedish Work Environment Act.
Collapse
|
59
|
Lekman A, Witt-Engerström I, Holmberg B, Percy A, Svennerholm L, Hagberg B. CSF and urine biogenic amine metabolites in Rett syndrome. Clin Genet 1990; 37:173-8. [PMID: 1691058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1990.tb03499.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The metabolites of dopamine (homovanillic acid-HVA), noradrenaline (4-hydroxy-3-methoxy-phenylglycol-HMPG), and serotonin (5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid-5-HIAA) were measured in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from 38 patients and urine from 36 patients with typical Rett syndrome (RS) and compared with controls of similar age. CSF metabolite concentrations were the same in the patients and controls. Urinary metabolites expressed per mol creatinine were significantly higher in older RS patients. This difference is partly explained by lower urinary creatinine levels in older RS patients, due to their known reduction in muscle mass. Alterations in CSF or urine biogenic amine metabolite concentrations do not appear to represent the primary abnormality in RS, and their measurement cannot be regarded as a reliable means of diagnosis.
Collapse
|
60
|
Holmberg B, Lundberg P. Assessment and management of occupational risks in the Nordic (Scandinavian) countries. Am J Ind Med 1989; 15:615-26. [PMID: 2750740 DOI: 10.1002/ajim.4700150602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Occupational health standards in the Scandinavian countries are of national concern and may thus vary from country to country. There is an internordic collaboration in the scientific criteria work, but there are also national formal procedures for standard setting. There is a greater tendency to accept eye, nose, or throat irritations as indices of harm than the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) does. For organic solvents, neurotoxicity has been focused on for many years, although the differences between values in the ACGIH list and in the Nordic countries have diminished. Occupational standard setting in the Nordic countries is much influenced by technological feasibility and socioeconomic criteria. Sweden has a formalized procedure for the underlying scientific and transscientific assessments.
Collapse
|
61
|
Nyberg G, Holmberg B. Haemodynamic, anti-anginal and anti-ischaemic effects of sublingual nitroglycerin: dose-response, duration and time of onset of action. Eur J Clin Pharmacol 1988; 34:561-7. [PMID: 3139428 DOI: 10.1007/bf00615218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
To establish the time of onset of action and magnitude of response to the quickest disintegrating sublingual nitroglycerin tablet available in Scandinavia (Nitromex), nine patients with stable exercise-induced angina were studied whilst performing bicycle exercise tests. In the first session, placebo, 0.25, 0.50 and 0.75 mg sublingual nitroglycerin (Nitromex) was given in a double-blind cross-over fashion on different days. In the second session (1 h after Session 1), nitroglycerin 0.5 mg (Nitromex), placebo and 0.5 mg of a different brand of nitroglycerin were compared for the time of onset of attenuation of ST-segment depression when administered during exercise. In Session 1, there was a dose-dependent fall in systolic blood pressure and a concordant rise in heart rate whilst sitting at rest prior to exercise. Exercise time and ST-segment depression were dose-dependently prolonged, significantly by the two higher doses, (mean 20 and 26%, respectively) which did not differ from one another. In Session 2, nitroglycerin (Nitromex) caused ST-segment reversal after a mean of 123 s after administration, which was shorter than after ordinary nitroglycerin (mean 157 s) and placebo (two tests, 186 and 192 s). It is suggested that when nitroglycerin is administered during exercise, chest pain and ischaemic ECG-changes are largely improved through coronary vasodilatation and reduced afterload rather than through increased venous pooling and reduction in preload.
Collapse
|
62
|
Kronevi T, Holmberg B, Arvidsson S. Teratogenicity test of gamma-butyrolactone in the Sprague-Dawley rat. PHARMACOLOGY & TOXICOLOGY 1988; 62:57-8. [PMID: 3357876 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1988.tb01845.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
|
63
|
Ulfvarson U, Alexandersson R, Aringer L, Svensson E, Hedenstierna G, Hogstedt C, Holmberg B, Rosén G, Sorsa M. Effects of exposure to vehicle exhaust on health. Scand J Work Environ Health 1987; 13:505-12. [PMID: 2448871 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to combustion engine exhaust and its effect on crews of roll-on roll-off ships and car ferries and on bus garage staff were studied. The peak concentrations recorded for some of the substances studied were as follows: total particulates (diesel only) 1.0 mg/m3, benzene (diesel) 0.3 mg/m3, formaldehyde (gasoline and diesel) 0.8 mg/m3, and nitrogen dioxide (diesel) 1.2 mg/m3. The highest observed concentration of benzo(a)pyrene was 30 ng/m3 from gasoline and diesel exhaust. In an experimental study volunteers were exposed to diesel exhaust diluted with air to achieve a nitrogen dioxide concentration of 3.8 mg/m3. Pulmonary function was affected during a workday of occupational exposure to engine emissions, but it normalized after a few days with no exposure. The impairment of pulmonary function was judged to have no appreciable, adverse, short-term impact on individual work capacity. In the experimental exposure study, no effect on pulmonary function was observed. Analyses of urinary mutagenicity and thioether excretion showed no sign of exposure to genotoxic compounds among the occupationally exposed workers or among the subjects in the experimental study.
Collapse
|
64
|
Lundberg I, Högberg J, Kronevi T, Holmberg B. Three industrial solvents investigated for tumor promoting activity in the rat liver. Cancer Lett 1987; 36:29-33. [PMID: 2884030 DOI: 10.1016/0304-3835(87)90099-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Dioxane, perchloroethylene, and trichloroethylene were investigated as rat liver altered foci promoters in an initiation/promotion protocol. Animals were initiated with diethylnitrosamine, 30 mg/kg, injected i.p. 24 h after 2/3 partial hepatectomy. The chemical under study was administered by gavage once a day, 5 times a week for 7 weeks. Ten days after the last administration the animals were killed. Liver sections were stained for gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase (GGT) and the number and total volume of GGT-positive foci was studied. Dioxane (1000 mg/kg) significantly increased the number and total volume of foci while a marginal effect was noted for the high dose of trichloroethylene (1100 mg/kg). A high dose of perchloroethylene (1100 mg/kg) had no effect.
Collapse
|
65
|
Holm L, Holmberg B. Exposures to carcinogens and consequences of listing of carcinogens in the Swedish working environment. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1987; 7:185-99. [PMID: 3615958 DOI: 10.1016/0273-2300(87)90029-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
|
66
|
Holmberg B, Jarring K. Stepwise formation of fluoride complexes of chromium(III) in mixed potassium thiocyanate-potassium fluoride molten salts. Inorg Chem 1987. [DOI: 10.1021/ic00258a016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
67
|
Gustavsson P, Hogstedt C, Holmberg B. Mortality and incidence of cancer among Swedish rubber workers, 1952-1981. Scand J Work Environ Health 1986; 12:538-44. [PMID: 3823802 DOI: 10.5271/sjweh.2103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The mortality and incidence of cancer was studied among 8,734 workers from two Swedish rubber manufacturing companies. Mortality was investigated from 1952 to 1981 and cancer incidence from 1959 to 1980. The expected numbers of deaths were calculated from national statistics. No significant risk excesses were detected when the cohort was analyzed without consideration of employment time or latency period. However, the mortality from coronary heart disease and the incidence of lung cancer were increased when the study period was limited to greater than or equal 40 years since first employment. The standardized mortality ratio for coronary heart disease correlated positively with employment duration. The mortality from asthma, bronchitis, and emphysema was nonsignificantly increased. The incidence of bladder cancer was increased among individuals with heavy and long-term exposure in the weighing and mixing departments. Twenty-five percent of the individuals in the cohort were not Swedish citizens at the time of employment, and an analysis of the mortality and cancer incidence in this group showed a markedly increased lung cancer incidence for certain immigrant groups, probably mainly due to ethnic factors. The results indicate that ethnic factors must be considered in the analysis of occupational groups when a high proportion of the workers are immigrants.
Collapse
|
68
|
Sjöberg A, Mellblom L, Konrad P, Holmberg B, Bergquist D. [6 case reports of warfarin-induced skin necrosis]. LAKARTIDNINGEN 1986; 83:4089-92. [PMID: 2949122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
69
|
Jakobson I, Holmberg B, Ekner A. Venous blood levels of inhaled trichloroethylene in female rats and changes induced by interacting agents. ACTA PHARMACOLOGICA ET TOXICOLOGICA 1986; 59:135-43. [PMID: 3776551 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1986.tb00145.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The concentration from inhalation of trichloroethylene (TCE) in venous blood from female rats was studied. Exposure consisted of 200, 400 and 500 ppm for 6 hrs, or 50 and 100 ppm for 2 hrs. In each experiment, 1 rat was exposed at a constant concentration of TCE. Blood samples were obtained from an indwelling jugular cannula throughout the experiment. Combination effects with chloral hydrate (0.2 g/kg), ethanol (0.8 ml/kg), isopropanol (0.8 ml/kg), pyrazole (0.2 g/kg), tetraethylthiuram disulfide (TETD; 0.2 g/kg) or tetrachloroethylene (TTCE; 1 g/kg) given orally were observed. The experimental data on the uptake of TCE in blood were fitted, by use of nonlinear regression analysis, to a simple toxicokinetic model. TETD caused the greatest increase in the steady state concentration of TCE (3.7 X), compared to TCE alone at 200 ppm. Isopropanol, pyrazole and TTCE also produced pronounced effects, but chloral hydrate treatment resulted in no significant change. At 50 and 100 ppm TCE exposure for 2 hrs, a significant increase (almost 3 X) in the steady state concentration of TCE from both ethanol and isopropanol was observed.
Collapse
|
70
|
Abstract
The national occupational standard values for benzene are 10 ppm for Australia, 10 ppm for Denmark, 10 ppm for Finland, 10 ppm for Japan, 10 ppm for The Netherlands, 10 ppm for the United States, and 5 ppm for Sweden; in the Federal Republic of Germany the technical guideline value is 8 ppm. Crude mineral oil contains benzene as a natural constituent of approximately 0.1%. Gasoline in Sweden may contain 4-5% benzene by volume. The 8-hour time-weighted average (TWA) exposure levels of Swedish petroleum refinery workers vary between 0.1 to 1 mg benzene/m3 in air. The exposures of benzene in various other occupations were measured and described. Other environmental exposures to benzene may have their origin in pyrolysis, such as tobacco smoking and burning of substances such as polyvinylchloride.
Collapse
|
71
|
Walles SA, Holmberg B. Induction of single-strand breaks in DNA of mice after inhalation of vinyl chloride. Cancer Lett 1984; 25:13-8. [PMID: 6518448 DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3835(84)80020-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Female mice were exposed to 500 ppm vinyl chloride (VC) for 6 h/day 5 days/week for 1-8 weeks. Groups of mice were killed at different times during this period. DNA damage, expressed as single-strand breaks (SSB), was studied in liver, kidneys, lungs, spleen and brain. The level of SSB increased in liver, kidneys, spleen and lungs with time of exposure and reached a plateau for kidneys and lungs after 80 and 120 h of exposure. In spleen there was only a slight increase in the SSB, and in brain no detectable increase was found.
Collapse
|
72
|
Holmberg B, Jarring K. A fluoride selective membrane electrode for activity measurements in low-melting fused salt systems. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1983. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-0728(83)80605-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
73
|
Jakobson I, Wahlberg JE, Holmberg B, Johansson G. Uptake via the blood and elimination of 10 organic solvents following epicutaneous exposure of anesthetized guinea pigs. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1982; 63:181-7. [PMID: 7089968 DOI: 10.1016/0041-008x(82)90039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
|
74
|
Persson K, Holmberg B. The structure of silver fluoride iodide hydrate Ag7I2F5.2.5H2O. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1107/s056774088200497x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
75
|
Persson K, Holmberg B. Structure of mercury disilver diiodide dinitrate monohydrate. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION B: STRUCTURAL SCIENCE 1982. [DOI: 10.1107/s056774088200435x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|