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Innis R, Ferguson S, Brady L, Esmond R, Frank R. Positron‐Emission Tomography Tracers as Intellectual Property. J Clin Pharmacol 2001. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270001417016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Gupta P, Hart J, Millis JM, Cronin D, Brady L. De novo hepatitis with autoimmune antibodies and atypical histology: a rare cause of late graft dysfunction after pediatric liver transplantation. Transplantation 2001; 71:664-8. [PMID: 11292299 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200103150-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Late graft dysfunction after orthotopic liver transplantation is commonly due to chronic rejection, recurrence of primary disease, sepsis, lympho-proliferative disease, or vascular or biliary complications. Herein we describe a subset of pediatric liver transplant patients in whom late graft dysfunction was associated with autoimmune markers, bile ductular proliferation, and portal infiltrates, which progress to fibrosis. This subset of patients has not been previously described. METHODS Six of the 115 children followed for greater than 5 years after transplantation developed this unusual form of graft dysfunction. All children were on a low-dose single immunosuppressive therapy (mean trough cyclosporine concentration 89 microg/L) and had been tapered off steroids for a median duration of 1.5 year. Liver biopsies were performed in all children to evaluate the graft dysfunction, and the histologic findings were interpreted by an experienced hepato-pathologist. All patients were tested for antibodies to hepatitis C virus, hepatitis B surface antigen, and IgM antibodies to hepatitis A. Smooth muscle antibody, antinuclear antibody, and antibody to liver/kidney microsome type 1 were sought by indirect immunofluorescence. International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group scores were calculated. All patients underwent ultrasonography with doppler studies at the onset of graft dysfunction. Three patients with marked bile duct proliferation on histology had cholangiograms. RESULTS Histology in all patients showed mononuclear cell infiltrates in the portal area with interface hepatitis, portal fibrosis, and ductular proliferation without duct damage or loss. All six patients had positive antinuclear antibody or smooth muscle antibody titers. Viral studies for hepatitis A, B, and C were negative in all patients. On the International Autoimmune Hepatitis Group scoring system, five patients had probable autoimmune hepatitis (score of 10-15) and one had definite autoimmune hepatitis (score > 15) at the onset of graft dysfunction. All were treated with azathioprine and prednisone similar to treatment for autoimmune hepatitis. However, despite aggressive treatment, four patients developed bridging portal fibrosis resulting in graft loss in two patients. CONCLUSION This clinical constellation is associated with worse outcome then that previously described for pediatric patients with posttransplantation de novo autoimmune hepatitis. Further studies are needed to find an optimal treatment regimen for these patients.
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Jones SD, Liebeschuetz JW, Morgan PJ, Murray CW, Rimmer AD, Roscoe JM, Waszkowycz B, Welsh PM, Wylie WA, Young SC, Martin H, Mahler J, Brady L, Wilkinson K. The design of phenylglycine containing benzamidine carboxamides as potent and selective inhibitors of factor Xa. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2001; 11:733-6. [PMID: 11266180 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(01)00042-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Factor Xa, a critical serine protease in the blood coagulation cascade, has become a target for inhibition as a strategy for the invention of novel anti-thrombotic agents. Here we describe the development of phenylglycine containing benzamidine carboxamides as novel, potent and selective inhibitors of factor Xa.
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Cronin DC, Conjeevaram H, Brady L, Millis JM. Liver transplantation at the University of Chicago. CLINICAL TRANSPLANTS 2001:231-8. [PMID: 11038642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Since our 1995 report, improvements in patient survival after liver transplantation have widened indications for liver transplantation and led to a greater imbalance between donor supply and need. The organ shortage is the major barrier to liver transplantation at this time. Despite expanded donor criteria, there has been only a marginal increase in the number of liver transplants performed nationally. We have used several approaches to decrease the demand for organs in both adults and children. Our center was one of the first institutions to use reduced-size, living-donor, and split liver transplants routinely. The use of reduced-size liver transplants has decreased as the use of split liver transplantation has increased. Both split liver transplantation and living donor transplantation play an important role in caring for pediatric and adult patients with end-stage and fulminant liver disease. We have concentrated our recent efforts to optimizing the technical aspects of living donor transplantation in order to decrease the need for retransplantation and further organ use. These efforts have dramatically increased graft survival. We have also focused attention on treating patients prior to transplantation in an attempt to eventually abrogate the need for traditional transplantation in some disease processes. With the use of hepatocytes and liver assist devices, we have demonstrated that we can provide a level of metabolic support not achieved with traditional medical therapy for patients with fulminant hepatic failure. As further advances in these therapies are made over the next several years, a concerted effort to bridge patients to recovery will be made. As liver transplantation has become more standardized, it has opened the door to more challenges. We have used liver transplantation in combination with cardiac transplantation to care for selected patients with end stage disease of both organs. This has been remarkably successful for the 3 patients transplanted at the University of Chicago. The immunologic benefit of this combination appears to be a decreased incidence of cardiac rejection. We have standardized the technical components of this combined operation to allow for optimal organ function and patient survival.
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Millis JM, Cronin DC, Johnson R, Conjeevaram H, Brady L, Trevino S, Conlin C, Brotherton J, Traglia D, Dane G, Maguire P. Safety of continuous human liver support. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:1954. [PMID: 11267585 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)02751-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Cronin DC, Faust TW, Brady L, Conjeevaram H, Jain S, Gupta P, Millis JM. Modern immunosuppression. Clin Liver Dis 2000; 4:619-55, ix. [PMID: 11232165 DOI: 10.1016/s1089-3261(05)70130-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The current treatment of posttransplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLD) includes prophylaxis at the time of transplant, decreasing or stopping immunosuppresion and initiation of antiviral therapy in patients with polymerase chain reaction or clinical evidence of PTLD, and judicial reintroduction of immunosuppression in patients who have cleared their PTLD and have begun to have rejection. The pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, notable side effects, and toxicities of the immunosuppressive agents are described in this article. At the conclusion of each section the author's current practice with these agents and treatment strategies are described.
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Grewal HP, Brady L, Cronin DC, Loss GE, Siegel CT, Oswald K, Fisher JS, Bruce DS, Aronson AJ, Woodle ES, Millis JM, Thistlethwaite JR, Newell KA. Combined liver and kidney transplantation in children. Transplantation 2000; 70:100-5. [PMID: 10919582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preexisting renal dysfunction has been reported to significantly increase the morbidity and mortality associated with orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). OLT alone has been recommended for adults and children with end-stage liver disease and reversible causes of renal failure (i.e., hepatorenal syndrome), whereas combined liver and kidney transplantation (LKT) has been shown to be an effective treatment for adults with combined end-stage liver and kidney disease. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of LKT in children. METHODS Between October of 1984 and 1997, 385 children less than 18 years of age underwent OLT at the University of Chicago. During this same time period 12 patients underwent LKT. Data were gathered by retrospective review of the patients medical records and by interviews conducted with the patients' families. RESULTS Actuarial patient survival was comparable for children who underwent OLT alone and LKT (69% versus 67% at 5 years). All allograft losses in the LKT group were the result of patient death and occurred within the first 90 postoperative days. Factors associated with decreased patient survival included severity of illness as reflected by United Network of Organ Sharing status and LKT after failed OLT or cadaveric renal transplant. CONCLUSIONS In children with concomitant endstage liver and kidney disease, LKT can be considered an effective therapeutic option in selected patients. Long-term patient survival in patients undergoing LKT is comparable to that of patients with normal renal function undergoing OLT alone.
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Gündüz K, Shields CL, Shields JA, Cater J, Brady L. Plaque radiotherapy for management of ciliary body and choroidal melanoma with extraocular extension. Am J Ophthalmol 2000; 130:97-102. [PMID: 11004266 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(00)00385-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the results of plaque radiotherapy of ciliary body and choroidal melanoma with extraocular extension. METHODS This retrospective study of 17 eyes of 17 patients with ciliary body and choroidal melanoma demonstrated extraocular extension that was clinically evident but less than 3 mm in thickness. In 14 eyes, the extraocular extension was located anteriorly and in three posteriorly. The outcome of plaque radiotherapy in terms of intraocular and extraocular tumor responses and the development of metastasis were analyzed. RESULTS At a median follow-up of 63 months (range, 23 to 164 months) after plaque radiotherapy, all patients showed control of both the intraocular and extraocular components of ciliary body and choroidal melanoma. In no case did the intraocular or extraocular portion of the tumor relapse. The initial median thickness of the intraocular component was 4.9 mm, and the final median thickness was 2.4 mm. The initial median thickness of the extraocular component was 2.0 mm, and the final median thickness was 1.0 mm. The initial median basal diameter of the extraocular component was 3.5 mm, and the final median basal diameter was 2.0 mm. Of 17 patients, 11 (10 with anterior and one with posterior extraocular extension) showed partial regression in base and thickness of the extraocular extension, and in six there was little or no change. In those with anterior extrascleral extension, the sclera remained intact without clinically observable necrosis, and the scleral fibers were gradually more visible as the tumor regressed. Three patients (18%) died of metastatic melanoma at a median interval of 38 months after plaque radiotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Plaque radiotherapy appears to be a reasonable treatment option for selected cases of ciliary body and choroidal melanoma with clinically visible extraocular extension less than 3 mm in thickness.
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Funaki B, Rosenblum JD, Leef JA, Zaleski GX, Farrell T, Lorenz J, Brady L. Percutaneous treatment of portal venous stenosis in children and adolescents with segmental hepatic transplants: long-term results. Radiology 2000; 215:147-51. [PMID: 10751480 DOI: 10.1148/radiology.215.1.r00ap38147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of the percutaneous treatment of portal venous stenoses in children and adolescents with reduced-size hepatic transplants. MATERIALS AND METHODS During the past 5 years, percutaneous transhepatic balloon venoplasty was attempted in 25 children and adolescents with anastomotic portal venous stenoses that occurred after reduced-size hepatic transplantation. All procedures were performed with direct puncture of the intrahepatic portal vein and with subsequent balloon dilation. Intravascular stents were deployed in patients with suboptimal results after dilation or with recurrent stenoses. RESULTS Percutaneous venoplasty was technically successful in 19 of 25 patients. In the remaining six patients, portal venous occlusion precluded access to the extrahepatic portal vein. Intravascular stents were deployed in 12 patients for "elastic" (n = 5) or recurrent (n = 7) stenoses. Seven patients who underwent successful venoplasty without stent placement have required no further intervention. All stents have remained patent without further intervention. Portal venous patency has been maintained for 5-61 months (mean time, 46 months) in all 19 patients. CONCLUSION Percutaneous treatment of portal venous stenoses is effective and long lasting in children with reduced-size hepatic transplants. In patients with elastic or recurrent lesions, portal venous stents have excellent long-term primary patency despite continued patient growth. Successful, percutaneous transhepatic venoplasty eliminates the need for surgical revision, portacaval shunting, or repeat transplantation.
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Lee EY, Brady L, Yousefzadeh DK, Benya EC. Lymphoid hyperplasia of the stomach caused by Helicobacter pylori: upper gastrointestinal findings. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1999; 173:362-3. [PMID: 10430137 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.173.2.10430137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ibrahim S, Harris ND, Radatz M, Selmi F, Rajbhandari S, Brady L, Jakubowski J, Ward JD. A new minimally invasive technique to show nerve ischaemia in diabetic neuropathy. Diabetologia 1999; 42:737-42. [PMID: 10382594 DOI: 10.1007/s001250051222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Experimental studies have shown that abnormalities of nerve microcirculation are important factors in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy but there have been few clinical studies. We have applied microlightguide spectrophotometry to measure intravascular oxygen saturation (HbO2%) and blood flow in human sural nerve. METHODS We studied ten patients with mild-moderate sensory motor diabetic neuropathy, nine patients without neuropathy and nine control subjects. We took 300 measurements of oxygen saturation under direct visual control through a 1.9 mm rigid endoscope over three regions of the nerve. Spectrophotometric measurements of nerve fluorescence were taken after an intravenous injection of sodium fluorescein and the rate of increase in nerve fluorescence (rise time) was used as an indicator of nerve blood flow. RESULTS Nerve oxygen saturation was reduced in patients with neuropathy compared with control subjects (67.1 +/- 2.2% vs 76.7 +/- 2.1%, p = 0.006). Fluorescein rise time was prolonged in patients with neuropathy compared with the control group (48.5 +/- 7.0 s vs 14.0 +/- 3.1 s, p = 0.001) suggesting impaired nerve blood flow. There was a correlation between rise time, nerve oxygen saturation, glycaemic control and sural nerve sensory conduction velocity (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION The combination of microlight-guide spectrophotometry and micro-endoscopy provides a valuable minimally invasive technique for clinical investigation of nerve microcirculation. We have shown reduced nerve oxygenation and impaired blood flow in diabetic neuropathy and these findings strongly support a central role of microvascular disease in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy.
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Gurkan A, Emre S, Fishbein TM, Brady L, Millis M, Birnbaum A, Kim-Schluger L, Sheiner PA. Unsuspected bile duct paucity in donors for living-related liver transplantation: two case reports. Transplantation 1999; 67:416-8. [PMID: 10030288 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-199902150-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Alagille's syndrome is a common cause of liver disease in children and may lead to the need for orthotopic liver transplantation. Alagille's syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant manner, with variable penetration, and may also be present in patients' parents, who may be considered potential donors for living-related transplantation. We report here on two cases in which the living-related donors for children with Alagille's syndrome had no liver function abnormalities or characteristic features of Alagille's syndrome. In both cases, the operation for living-related donation had to be aborted because of a paucity of bile ducts discovered intraoperatively. Given the variable presentation of Alagille's syndrome, we believe that it is necessary preoperatively to evaluate the biliary system of family members who are potential living-related donors for patients with this condition.
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Micaily B, Miyamoto C, Kantor G, Lessin S, Rook A, Brady L, Goodman R, Vonderheid EC. Radiotherapy for unilesional mycosis fungoides. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1998; 42:361-4. [PMID: 9788416 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(98)00218-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the treatment outcome and natural history of patients with the diagnosis of unilesional mycosis fungoides, treated according to a prospective radiotherapy protocol in our institution since July 1975. METHODS AND MATERIALS A total of 325 patients with the diagnosis of mycosis fungoides have been referred to the Department of Radiation Oncology at Allegheny University of Health Sciences from July 1975 through September 1996. Of these, 18 patients (5%) were classified as having unilesional mycosis fungoides and were irradiated with a curative intent using local electron fields. One patient received 22 Gy; 1 patient received 40 Gy, and the rest of the patients 30.6 Gy. Daily fractions ranged from 1.8 to 2.0 Gy. Treatments prior to radiation consisted of topical steroids and/or antifungal creams in the majority of patients, with temporary partial responses. One patient had received 2 years of topical mechlorethamine (HN2) and another patient had received topical carmustine solution (BCNU) without response prior to irradiation. RESULTS The responses were measured clinically; posttreatment skin biopsy was not performed routinely unless there was clinical evidence of disease persistence. Complete response rate was 100%; all treated lesions cleared completely within 4 to 8 weeks after the completion of radiation. With a median follow-up of 43 months (range 12 to 240 months), 2 relapses have occurred, 2 and 71 months after the completion of radiation. Both relapses were confined to the skin and were remote from the original site. Both relapses responded to topical application of HN2. There have been no recurrences in the irradiated field nor systemic dissemination. No long-term side effects were found related to treatment, and all the patients are currently alive and without evidence of disease. Actuarial relapse-free and overall survival at 10 years are, respectively, 86.2% and 100%. CONCLUSION Unilesional mycosis fungoides has a long natural history, is possibly the earliest manifestation of a malignant process, and local treatments, including local radiotherapy, result in long-term disease-free intervals and, possibly, cure. Total skin electron beam radiotherapy is not indicated for this disease entity.
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Grewal HP, Thistlewaite JR, Loss GE, Fisher JS, Cronin DC, Siegel CT, Newell KA, Bruce DS, Woodle ES, Brady L, Kelly S, Boone P, Oswald K, Millis JM. Complications in 100 living-liver donors. Ann Surg 1998; 228:214-9. [PMID: 9712567 PMCID: PMC1191463 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-199808000-00011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A review of 100 living-liver donors was performed to evaluate the perisurgical complications of the procedure and thus to help quantify the risks to the donor. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Despite the advantages of living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT), the procedure has received criticism for the risk it imposes on healthy persons. A paucity of data exists regarding the complications and relative safety of the procedure. METHODS One hundred LDLTs performed between November 1989 and November 1996 were reviewed. Donor data were obtained by chart review, anesthesia records, and the computerized hospital data base. Patient variables were compared by Fisher's exact test and the Student's t test. RESULTS There were 57 women and 43 men with a median age of 29. Donors were divided into two groups: group A (first 50 donors), and group B (last 50 donors). There were 91 left lateral segments and 9 left lobes. There were no deaths. Fourteen major complications occurred in 13 patients; 9 occurred in group A and 5 in group B. Biliary complications consisted of five bile duct injuries (group A = 4, group B = 1) and two cut edge bile leaks. Complications were more common in left lobe resections (55%) than in left lateral segment grafts (10%). Minor complications occurred in 20% of patients. A significant reduction in overall complications (major and minor) was observed between the groups (group A, n = 24 [45%] vs. group B, n = 10 [20%]). In addition, surgical time and hospital stay were both significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS Although the procedure is safe, many LDLT donors have a perisurgical complication. Surgical experience and technical modifications have resulted in a significant reduction in these complications, however. To minimize the risks for these healthy donors, LDLT should be performed at institutions with extensive experience.
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Marks GJ, Marks JH, Mohiuddin M, Brady L. Radical Sphincter preservation surgery with coloanal anastomosis following high-dose external irradiation for the very low lying rectal cancer. Recent Results Cancer Res 1998; 146:161-74. [PMID: 9670259 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-71967-7_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
High-dose preoperative radiation and specifically designed surgical techniques were used to extend the application of sphincter preservation surgery for cancer of the distal 3 cm of the true rectum. A total of 203 consecutive patients with rectal cancer were treated with external-beam irradiation (45-70 Gy) and radical curative surgery. The cancer was at the level of 0.5-3.0 cm in 65 patients. In these 65 patients treated by radical resection with coloanal anastomosis six suffered recurrence (9%), and the 5-year actuarial survival was 85%. There was a single death. There was no local recurrence among 44 patients in whom the postradiated cancer resided in the rectal wall with or without nodal involvement. With proper selection, high-dose preoperative radiation therapy thus permits extended use of sphincter preservation surgery with coloanal anastomosis for cancers of the distal 3 cm of the true rectum.
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Loss GE, Brady L, Grewal HP, Siegel CT, Mead J, Bruce DS, Cronin DC, Woodle ES, Newell KA, Thistlethwaite JR, Millis JM. Cyclosporine versus cyclosporine microemulsion in pediatric liver transplant recipients. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:1435-6. [PMID: 9636581 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00304-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Gokhale R, Huttenlocher PR, Brady L, Kirschner BS. Use of barbiturates in the treatment of cyclic vomiting during childhood. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1997; 25:64-7. [PMID: 9226529 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-199707000-00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclic vomiting is an uncommon disorder that can be described as recurrent, self-limiting, fairly uniform episodes of intractable nausea and vomiting with no identifiable organic cause, separated by symptom-free intervals. There is no established therapeutic regimen for this disorder. METHODS Fourteen children referred to the Pediatric Gastroenterology Clinic were diagnosed with cyclic vomiting from May 1984 to January 1995. Vomiting, the predominant symptom, was present in all children and was severe enough to require hospitalization in 11. Associated symptoms included abdominal ain, headache, nausea, aura, and fever. Diagnostic studies were done to rule out organic causes as indicated in individual patients. Daily phenobarbital was prescribed in all 14 patients. The dose ranged from 30 to 120 mg/hs, (mean 2 mg.kg-1.day-1), with a median dose of 60 mg/hs [corrected]. Prior therapy with propranolol (3 patients) and butalbital (2 patients) had been ineffective. RESULTS Eleven patients had complete resolution of their symptoms, and 3 patients had marked improvement in their symptoms with infrequent attacks of reduced severity. The only side effects associated with long-term phenobarbital therapy were behavioral in nature, namely hyperactivity and disruptive behavior at school. CONCLUSIONS The results of our series of 14 patients, all of whom received barbiturates, support the usefulness of this therapeutic approach. Hence we feel that daily low-dose phenobarbital therapy is a safe and effective therapy in preventing episodes of cyclic vomiting in children.
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Sharp H, Logemann J, Brady L, Moss A. What if a patient refuses treatment? ASHA 1997; 39:56, 52. [PMID: 9241921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Abstract
HIV integrase catalyses the incorporation of virally derived DNA into the human genome. This unique step in the virus life cycle provides a variety of points for intervention and hence is an attractive target for the development of new therapeutics for the treatment of AIDS. In this review we summarize current knowledge of the function of this enzyme and discuss some of the obstacles to the development of appropriate drugs.
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Brady L, Magilavy D, Black DD. Portal vein thrombosis associated with antiphospholipid antibodies in a child. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 1996; 23:470-3. [PMID: 8956190 DOI: 10.1097/00005176-199611000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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Mitchell IM, Brady L, Black J, Jamieson MP, Pollock JC, Logan RW. The acute phase response to cardiopulmonary bypass in children. Perfusion 1996; 11:103-12. [PMID: 8740351 DOI: 10.1177/026765919601100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The endocrine phase of the stress response to cardiopulmonary bypass in children is known to be subtly different from that seen in adults. The aim of this investigation was to determine whether there are similar differences in the acute phase response. Thirteen children were studied (mean age 2.65 years). Each child had congenital heart disease and underwent corrective cardiac surgery. Blood samples taken two days prior to operation and at 6, 9, 12, 24, 48 and 120 hours after were analysed for C-reactive protein, albumin, caeruloplasmin, zinc and copper concentrations. Metal:carrier protein molar ratios were also calculated. Results demonstrate changes which, although similar to those seen in adults, differed both quantitatively and qualitatively. This is explained by the concept of immaturity leading to a generally poor capacity for protein synthesis and a relative inability to respond to altered circumstances.
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Johnson EO, Brady L, Gold PW, Chrousos GP. Distribution of hippocampal mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoid receptor mRNA in a glucocorticoid resistant nonhuman primate. Steroids 1996; 61:69-73. [PMID: 8750435 DOI: 10.1016/0039-128x(95)00195-v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Glucocorticoids regulate the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis through both mineralocorticoid (MR) and glucocorticoid (GR) receptors in the hippocampus. In addition, glucocorticoids down-regulate hippocampal expression of MR and GR mRNA and protein, presumably decreasing their own effect. Marmosets are a New World primate characterized by extraordinarily high levels of circulating ACTH and cortisol. The relative glucocorticoid insensitivity of these animals to their massive levels of glucocorticoids was attributed to a decreased affinity of their GR for glucocorticoids, as well as a compromised ability of this receptor to transactivate glucocorticoid-responsive genes. The lack of mineralocorticoid excess, on the other hand, was attributed to a renal MR which responded poorly to cortisol, but normally to aldosterone. The purpose of this study was to examine MR and GR mRNA expression in the marmoset (Callithrix jacchus jacchus) hippocampus. Overall, steady state levels of both MR and GR mRNA were elevated in all of the hippocampal subfields of the marmoset, and this was obvious in rough comparisons with those of a typical glucocorticoid-sensitive Old World primate, the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulata). Notable were the extremely high levels of GR mRNA in the dentate gyrus and field CA3 of the marmoset. The GR mRNA density distribution of the marmoset also appeared to differ from that in the rhesus and from those previously reported in rats and humans. These findings suggest that there is a compensatory elevation of MR and GR mRNAs in the marmoset hippocampus, which appears to be the result of target tissue resistance to glucocorticoids and inappropriate down-regulation by the elevated, but ineffective, circulating cortisol.
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Brady L. GPOs driving headlong toward fork in the road. HOSPITAL MATERIAL[DOLLAR SIGN] MANAGEMENT 1994; 19:9, 17. [PMID: 10184235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Brady L. Risk sharing helps ride out a "dysfunctional" purchasing system. HOSPITAL MATERIAL[DOLLAR SIGN] MANAGEMENT 1994; 19:18. [PMID: 10137920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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Brady L. Data drives migration toward capitated supply deals. HOSPITAL MATERIAL[DOLLAR SIGN] MANAGEMENT 1994; 19:11. [PMID: 10137107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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