101
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Zhong Y, You Z, Shen Y, Liu X, Lai C, Wang T, Ge S, Yi Y, Shaw C. SU-E-I-149: Digital Breast Tomosynthesis Using 2D Source Scanning Patterns: A Simulation Study. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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102
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Liu X, Lai C, Shaw C, Shen Y, Zhong Y, Yi Y, Ge S, You Z. SU-C-301-05: Comparative Low-Contrast Performance of Scan Equalization Digital Mammography (SEDM) v.s. Full-Field Digital Mammography (FFDM): A Simulation Study with Micro-Calcifications. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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103
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Ge S, Lai C, Yi Y, Shen Y, Liu X, Zhong Y, You Z, Wang T, Shaw C. SU-E-I-17: Evaluation of Cone Beam Breast CT (CBCT) System: Detection of Randomly Distributed Micro-Calcification and the Effect of Beam Hardening Filter. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3611590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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104
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Shen Y, Liu X, Lai C, Zhong Y, Ge S, Yi Y, You Z, Wang T, Shaw C. TU-A-301-01: Microcalcifications Visibility in Cone Beam Breast CT with Various Flat Panel Detectors. Med Phys 2011. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3613091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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105
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Abstract
Neurogenesis occurs in adult mammalian brains in the sub-ventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricle and in the sub-granular zone (SGZ) of the hippocampal dentate gyrus throughout life. Previous reports have shown that adult hippocampal neurogenesis is associated with diverse brain disorders, including epilepsy, schizophrenia, depression and anxiety (1). Deciphering the process of normal and aberrant adult-born neuron integration may shed light on the etiology of these diseases and inform the development of new therapies. SGZ adult neurogenesis mirrors embryonic and post-natal neuronal development, including stages of fate specification, migration, synaptic integration, and maturation. However, full integration occurs over a prolonged, 6-week period. Initial synaptic input to adult-born SGZ dentate granule cells (DGCs) is GABAergic, followed by glutamatergic input at 14 days (2). The specific factors which regulate circuit formation of adult-born neurons in the dentate gyrus are currently unknown. Our laboratory uses a replication-deficient retroviral vector based on the Moloney murine leukemia virus to deliver fluorescent proteins and hypothesized regulatory genes to these proliferating cells. This viral technique provides high specificity and resolution for analysis of cell birth date, lineage, morphology, and synaptogenesis. A typical experiment often employs two or three viruses containing unique label, transgene, and promoter elements for single-cell analysis of a desired developmental process in vivo. The following protocol describes a method for analyzing functional newborn neuron integration using a single green (GFP) or red (dTomato) fluorescent protein retrovirus and patch-clamp electrophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Gu
- Department of Neurobiology & Behavior, State University of New York at Stony Brook, NY, USA
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106
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Nojima K, Ge S, Katayama Y, Iramina K. P20-6 rTMS effects of the pulses number on the inter-reversal time of perceptual reversal. Clin Neurophysiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1388-2457(10)60903-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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107
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Pan K, Sun Q, Zhang J, Ge S, Li S, Zhao Y, Yang P. Multilineage differentiation of dental follicle cells and the roles of Runx2 over-expression in enhancing osteoblast/cementoblast-related gene expression in dental follicle cells. Cell Prolif 2010; 43:219-28. [PMID: 20546240 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2010.00670.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental follicle cells (DFCs) provide the origin of periodontal tissues, and Runx2 is essential for bone formation and tooth development. In this study, pluripotency of DFCs was evaluated and effects of Runx2 on them were investigated. MATERIALS AND METHODS The DFCs were induced to differentiate towards osteoblasts, adipocytes or chondrocytes, and alizarin red staining, oil red O staining or alcian blue staining was performed to reveal the differentiated states. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and primary mouse fibroblasts served as controls. DFCs were also infected with recombinant retroviruses encoding either full-length Runx2 or mutant Runx2 without the VWRPY motif. Western blot analysis, real-time real time RT-PCR and in vitro mineralization assay were performed to evaluate the effects of full-length Runx2 or mutant Runx2 on osteogenic/cementogenic differentiation of the cells. RESULTS The above-mentioned staining methods demonstrated that DFCs were successfully induced to differentiate towards osteoblasts, adipocytes or chondrocytes respectively, confirming the existence of pluripotent mesenchymal stem cells in dental follicle tissues. However, staining intensity in DFC cultures was weaker than in BMSC cultures. Real-time PCR analysis indicated that mutant Runx2 induced a more pronounced increase in expression levels of OC, OPN, Col I and CP23 than full-length Runx2. Mineralization assay also showed that mutant Runx2 increased mineralization nodule formation more prominently than full-length Runx2. CONCLUSIONS Multipotent DFCs can be induced to differentiate towards osteoblasts, adipocytes or chondrocytes in vitro. Runx2 over-expression up-regulated expression levels of osteoblast/cementoblast-related genes and in vitro enhanced osteogenic differentiation of DFCs. In addition, mutant Runx2-induced changes in DFCs were more prominent than those induced by full-length Runx2.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pan
- Department of Periodontology and Institute of Oral Biomedicine, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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108
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Lai C, Liu X, Zhong Y, Shen Y, Han T, Ge S, Yi Y, You Z, Wang T, Shaw C. WE-A-201B-02: Calcification Visibility in Cone Beam Breast CT: Effects of Under-Sampling and Limited Angle Scans. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3469334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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109
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Yi Y, Lai C, Han T, Liu X, Shen Y, Zhong Y, Ge S, You Z, Wang T, Shaw C. SU-GG-I-29: Comparison of Ellipsoidal and Cylindrical Breast Phantoms for Accuracy of Monte Carlo Dose Estimation in Cone Beam Breast CT. Med Phys 2010. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3468062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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110
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of stimulus frequency and number of pulses during rTMS (repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation) on the phenomenon of perceptual reversal. Particularly, we focused on the temporal dynamics of perceptual reversal in the right SPL (superior parietal lobule), using the spinning wheel illusion. We measured the IRT (inter-reversal time) of perceptual reversal. To investigate whether stimulus frequency or the number of pulses is critical for the rTMS effect, we applied the following schedules over the right SPL and the right PTL (posterior temporal lobe): 0.25Hz 60 pulses, 0.25Hz 120pulses, 0.5Hz 120 pulses, and 1Hz 120 pulses biphasic rTMS at 90% of the resting motor threshold. As a control, we included a No-TMS condition. The results showed that rTMS with 0.25Hz 60 pulses over the right SPL caused shorter IRT. There were no significant differences between IRTs for rTMS with 0.25Hz 120 pulses, 0.5Hz 120 pulses or 1Hz 120 pulses over the right SPL. Comparing these results with those of a previous study, we found that an rTMS condition with 60 pulses causes shorter IRT; 240 pulses causes longer IRT; and 120 pulses does not change IRT. Therefore, when applying rTMS over the right SPL, the IRT of perceptual reversal is primarily affected by the number of pulses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Nojima
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
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111
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Luo Y, McCann L, Ingham E, Jin ZM, Ge S, Fisher J. Polyurethane as a potential knee hemiarthroplasty biomaterial: An in-vitro simulation of its tribological performance. Proc Inst Mech Eng H 2009; 224:415-25. [DOI: 10.1243/09544119jeim657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Hemiarthroplasty is an attractive alternative to total joint replacement for the young active patient, when only one side of the synovial joint is damaged. In the development of a hemiarthroplasty prosthesis, a comprehensive understanding of the tribology of both the natural joint and the hemireplaced joint is necessary. The objectives of this study were to investigate the tribological response of polyurethane (PU) as a potential hemiarthroplasty material. Bovine medial compartmental knees were tested in a Prosim pendulum friction simulator, which applied physiologically relevant loading and motion. The healthy medial compartment was investigated as a negative control; a stainless steel hemiarthroplasty was investigated as a positive control; and three PU hemiarthroplasty plates of different moduli (1.4 MPa, 6.5 MPa, and 22 MPa) were also investigated. Using the lower-modulus PU caused reduced levels of contact stress and friction shear stress, which resulted in reduced levels of opposing cartilage wear. The two PU bearings with the lowest moduli demonstrated a similar tribological performance to the negative control. The higher-modulus PU (22 MPa) did demonstrate higher levels of friction shear stress, and wear resulted on the opposing cartilage, although not as severe as the wear from the stainless steel group. This study supports the use of compliant PU designs in future tribological experiments and hemiarthroplasty design applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Luo
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - L McCann
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - E Ingham
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Z-M Jin
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - S Ge
- Institute of Tribology and Reliability Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - J Fisher
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
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112
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Yi Y, Han T, Lai C, Chen L, Liu X, Shen Y, Zhong Y, Ge S, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-21: Dose Variation with Breast Density in Cone Beam Breast CT- a Monte Carlo Simulation Study. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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113
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Ge S, Lai C, Pan T, Han T, Chen L, Shen Y, Liu X, Zhong Y, Wang T, Yi Y, Zhang H, You Z, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-29: Comparison of Dedicated Cone-Beam Breast CT with Conventional CT for Detection of Micro-Calcification. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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114
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Zhong Y, Lai C, Han T, Chen L, Shen Y, Liu X, Wang T, Ge S, Yi Y, You Z, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-12: A Total Variation Based Iterative Reconstruction Algorithm for Cone Beam Breast CT with Under-Sampled Projection Views. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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115
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Yi Y, Han T, Liu X, Shen Y, Chen L, Zhong Y, Lai C, Ge S, You Z, Wang T, Shaw C. MO-D-304A-09: Multi-Slice CT Versus Cone Beam CT for Breast Imaging: Radiation Dose Distributions with Monte Carlo Simulation. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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116
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Han T, Zhong Y, Chen L, Lai C, Liu X, Shen Y, Ge S, Yi Y, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-41: Accuracy and Computing Time of a Ray-Driven Projector/back-Projector for Simulation and Reconstruction in Tomosynthesis and Cone Beam CT Imaging. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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117
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Han T, Lai C, Chen L, Shen Y, Zhong Y, Liu X, Ge S, Yi Y, You Z, Wang T, Whitman G, Yang W, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-140: Cone Beam Breast CT Versus Mammography for Breast Density Measurement. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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118
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Lai C, You Z, Zhong Y, Shen Y, Chen L, Liu X, Han T, Ge S, Yi Y, Geiser W, Whitman G, Yang W, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-114: Effects of Exposure Level and Anatomical Background On Detection of Simulated Microcalcifications in Digital Mammography. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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119
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Shen Y, Chen L, Zhong Y, Ge S, Han T, Yi Y, You Z, Liu X, Lai C, Wang T, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-28: Effects of Voxel Size On Visibility of Microcalcifications in Cone Beam Breast CT. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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120
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Chen L, Lai C, Zhong Y, Ge S, Han T, Liu X, Shen Y, Yi Y, You Z, Wang T, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-23: Full-Scan Versus Half-Scan in Cone Beam Breast CT - a Quantitative Comparison. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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121
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Liu X, Lai C, Chen L, Han T, Shen Y, Zhong Y, Zhang H, Yi Y, Ge S, Wang T, Shaw C. WE-C-304A-01: A-Se Flat-Panel (FP) Detector Based Scan Equalization Digital Radiography (SEDR) System: A Chest Phantom Study. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3182487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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122
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Shen Y, Ge S, Chen L, Yi Y, You Z, Han T, Zhong Y, Liu X, Lai C, Wang T, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-20: Visibility of Simulated Microcalcifications with An ASi/aSe Flat Panel Detector Based Cone Beam CT System. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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123
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Han T, Chen L, Zhong Y, Lai C, Liu X, Shen Y, Yi Y, Ge S, You Z, Wang T, Shaw C. SU-FF-I-26: Automatic Detection of Calcifications in Cone Beam Breast CT Images. Med Phys 2009. [DOI: 10.1118/1.3181145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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124
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Tao W, Zefei J, Xuan Z, Xiaobing L, Shaohua Z, Ge S, Min Z, Shikai W, Santai S. HER2 status testing by immunohistochemical and fFluorescence in situ hybridization in China. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.e22233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
e22233 Background: HER2 gene overexpression is associated with aggressive breast cancer and poor clinical prognosis. Humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody trastuzumab, which is targeted HER2 protein has showed to improve overall survival in patients with HER2-positive breast cancer in both the metastatic and adjuvant settings. There are some differences in HER2 positive rate among difference reports in China. This study tested HER2 status by immunohistochemistry(IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and compared HER2 testing at central and regional laboratories in China. Methods: Assessment of HER2 status was performed by FISH using the HercepTeast kit at central laboratory and by IHC using commercial available anti-HER2 probe in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tissue section of 280 breast cancer samples. IHC HER2 testing was performed on 149 samples in the central laboratory. IHC HER2 testing was performed on 80 samples at both central laboratory and regional laboratory. Results: 280 samples were tested 373 times testing by IHC and FISH. The results were showed in table 1 . 80 samples was tested by IHC at central and regional laboratory and testing results of 36.4% samples were accordant (K=0.038). 94.1% IHC3+ at central laboratory were HER2 FISH positive and 83.3% IHC 3+ at regional laboratory were HER2 FISH positive. 86.7% IHC 2+ at central laboratory were HER2 FISH positive and 62.7% IHC 2+ at regional laboratory were HER2 FISH positive. 17 samples were observed HER2 FISH positive in the 27 IHC 0/1+ tested at regional laboratoty. So good correlation was obsearved between FISH HER2 status and IHC results from central laboratory but not from regional laboratory. Conclusions: This study emphasized the important of accurate HER2 testing. HER2 FISH test should be performed for the IHC 2+ samples. Even HER2 FISH test maybe performed for IHC 0/1 sample according to clinical characteristics in China in order to make the patients have targeted therapy chance. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- W. Tao
- Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated to Military Medical Science, Beijing, China; Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated Military Medi, Beijing, China; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - J. Zefei
- Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated to Military Medical Science, Beijing, China; Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated Military Medi, Beijing, China; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Z. Xuan
- Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated to Military Medical Science, Beijing, China; Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated Military Medi, Beijing, China; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - L. Xiaobing
- Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated to Military Medical Science, Beijing, China; Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated Military Medi, Beijing, China; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Z. Shaohua
- Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated to Military Medical Science, Beijing, China; Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated Military Medi, Beijing, China; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - S. Ge
- Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated to Military Medical Science, Beijing, China; Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated Military Medi, Beijing, China; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Z. Min
- Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated to Military Medical Science, Beijing, China; Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated Military Medi, Beijing, China; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - W. Shikai
- Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated to Military Medical Science, Beijing, China; Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated Military Medi, Beijing, China; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - S. Santai
- Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated to Military Medical Science, Beijing, China; Cancer Center of Hospital Affiliated Military Medi, Beijing, China; Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Beijing, China
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125
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Pan K, Yan S, Ge S, Li S, Zhao Y, Yang P. Effects of core binding factor alpha1 or bone morphogenic protein-2 overexpression on osteoblast/cementoblast-related gene expressions in NIH3T3 mouse cells and dental follicle cells. Cell Prolif 2009; 42:364-72. [PMID: 19397592 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2009.00599.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bone morphogenic protein-2 (BMP-2) has long been used to promote bone and periodontal regeneration, while core binding factor alpha1 (CBFA1) plays important roles in both osteogenic differentiation and tooth morphogenesis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of CBFA1 or BMP-2 overexpression on osteoblast/cementoblast-related gene expressions in NIH3T3 cells and dental follicle cells (DFCs). MATERIALS AND METHODS CBFA1 or BMP-2 overexpression in NIH3T3 and DFCs was achieved by infection with retroviral vectors containing CBFA1 or BMP-2 cDNA. Cells stably integrated with CBFA1 or BMP-2 cDNA were selected with G418 for 14 days. Western blotting, real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, and in vitro mineralization assay were performed to evaluate effects of CBFA1 or BMP-2 overexpression in cells undergoing osteoblast/cementoblast differentiation. RESULTS Our results demonstrated that osteoblast/cementoblast-related gene expression levels in CBFA1-overexpressing NIH3T3 cells were higher than those in BMP-2-overexpressing cells. More mineral nodules were observed in CBFA1-overexpressing NIH3T3 cells than in BMP-2-overexpressing cells. CBFA1 overexpression in DFCs also increased osteoblast/cementoblast-related gene expression and promoted mineral nodule formation. However, no significant changes in gene expression levels nor mineral nodule formation were found in BMP-2-overexpressing DFCs when compared with empty vector transduced DFCs. CONCLUSIONS CBFA1 overexpression up-regulated expression levels of osteoblast/cementoblast-related genes and enhanced in vitro osteogenic differentiation more efficiently than BMP-2 in both NIH3T3 cells and DFCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Pan
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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126
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Abstract
When performing a genome-wide comparison between indica (93-11) and japonica (Nipponbare), we find 8% of the genome, which have an extremely low SNP rate (< 1 SNP/kb). Inside these 'SNP deserts', experimentally confirmed genes show increased K(a)/K(s) that indicate adaptive selection. To further elucidate this connection, we survey the level and pattern of genetic variation in both cultivated and wild rice groups, using 155 noncoding regions located within SNP deserts. The results suggest that cultivated rice has greatly reduced genetic variation within SNP deserts as compared to either the nondesert or corresponding genomic regions in wild rice. Consistent with this reduction in genetic variation, we find a biased distribution of derived allele frequency in the cultivated group, indicative of positive selection. Furthermore, over half of the confirmed, domestication-related genes are found within SNP deserts, also suggesting that SNP deserts are strongly related to domestication, and might be the key sites in the process of domestication.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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127
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Affiliation(s)
- R. M. Snapka
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - S. Ge
- Department of Radiology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - J. Trask
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - F. Robertson
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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128
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Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, a developmental process encompassing the birth of new neurons from adult neural stem cells and their integration into the existing neuronal circuitry, highlights the plasticity and regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian brain. Substantial evidence suggests essential roles of newborn neurons in specific brain functions; yet it remains unclear how these new neurons make their unique contribution. Recently, a series of studies have delineated the basic steps of the adult neurogenesis process and shown that many of the distinct steps are dynamically regulated by the activity of the existing circuitry. Here we review recent findings on the synaptic integration and plasticity of newborn neurons in the adult hippocampus, including the basic biological process, unique characteristics, critical periods, and activity-dependent regulation by the neurotransmitters GABA and glutamate. We propose that adult neurogenesis represents not merely a replacement mechanism for lost neurons, but also an ongoing developmental process in the adult brain that offers an expanded capacity for plasticity for shaping the existing circuitry in response to experience throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Ge
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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129
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Duan X, Chang JH, Ge S, Faulkner RL, Kim JY, Kitabatake Y, Liu XB, Yang CH, Jordan JD, Ma DK, Liu CY, Ganesan S, Cheng HJ, Ming GL, Lu B, Song H. Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 regulates integration of newly generated neurons in the adult brain. Cell 2007; 130:1146-58. [PMID: 17825401 PMCID: PMC2002573 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 441] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2007] [Revised: 05/03/2007] [Accepted: 07/06/2007] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis occurs throughout life in discrete regions of the adult mammalian brain. Little is known about the mechanism governing the sequential developmental process that leads to integration of new neurons from adult neural stem cells into the existing circuitry. Here, we investigated roles of Disrupted-In-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1), a schizophrenia susceptibility gene, in adult hippocampal neurogenesis. Unexpectedly, downregulation of DISC1 leads to accelerated neuronal integration, resulting in aberrant morphological development and mispositioning of new dentate granule cells in a cell-autonomous fashion. Functionally, newborn neurons with DISC1 knockdown exhibit enhanced excitability and accelerated dendritic development and synapse formation. Furthermore, DISC1 cooperates with its binding partner NDEL1 in regulating adult neurogenesis. Taken together, our study identifies DISC1 as a key regulator that orchestrates the tempo of functional neuronal integration in the adult brain and demonstrates essential roles of a susceptibility gene for major mental illness in neuronal development, including adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Duan
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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130
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Ge S, Yang CH, Hsu KS, Ming GL, Song H. A critical period for enhanced synaptic plasticity in newly generated neurons of the adult brain. Neuron 2007; 54:559-66. [PMID: 17521569 PMCID: PMC2040308 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 683] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2006] [Revised: 03/22/2007] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Active adult neurogenesis occurs in discrete brain regions of all mammals and is widely regarded as a neuronal replacement mechanism. Whether adult-born neurons make unique contributions to brain functions is largely unknown. Here we systematically characterized synaptic plasticity of retrovirally labeled adult-born dentate granule cells at different stages during their neuronal maturation. We identified a critical period between 1 and 1.5 months of the cell age when adult-born neurons exhibit enhanced long-term potentiation with increased potentiation amplitude and decreased induction threshold. Furthermore, such enhanced plasticity in adult-born neurons depends on developmentally regulated synaptic expression of NR2B-containing NMDA receptors. Our study demonstrates that adult-born neurons exhibit the same classic critical period plasticity as neurons in the developing nervous system. The transient nature of such enhanced plasticity may provide a fundamental mechanism allowing adult-born neurons within the critical period to serve as major mediators of experience-induced plasticity while maintaining stability of the mature circuitry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Ge
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chih-hao Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Kuei-sen Hsu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, No. 1, University Road, Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Guo-li Ming
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Hongjun Song
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- The Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Abstract
The Notch proteins constitute a family of transmembrane receptors that play a pivotal role in cellular differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. RNA interference of Presenilin1 (PS1) and Notch1 was carried out in this research to determine whether it could block Notch signaling and induce growth inhibition in HeLa cells. We transfected synthesized target small interfering RNA (siRNA) into HeLa cells, and blocking of Notch signaling was detected by C-promoter binding factor-1 (CBF1) reporter. We then conducted cell proliferation assay. Cells transfected with PS1 and Notch1 siRNA showed great inhibition in proliferation compared to the controls in vitro and in vivo. We conclude that RNA interference of PS1 or Notch1 can block Notch signaling and consequently induce growth inhibition of HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yu
- Research Center for Human Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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132
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Ge S, Pradhan DA, Ming GL, Song H. GABA sets the tempo for activity-dependent adult neurogenesis. Trends Neurosci 2006; 30:1-8. [PMID: 17116335 DOI: 10.1016/j.tins.2006.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 242] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 08/22/2006] [Accepted: 11/10/2006] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
GABA, a major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, activates synaptic and extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors, causing hyperpolarization of mature neurons. As in the embryonic nervous system, GABA depolarizes neural progenitors and immature neurons in the adult brain. Several recent studies have suggested that GABA has crucial roles in regulating different steps of adult neurogenesis, including proliferation of neural progenitors, migration and differentiation of neuroblasts, and synaptic integration of newborn neurons. Here, we review recent findings on how GABA regulates adult neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricles and in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. We also discuss an emerging view that GABA serves as a key mediator of neuronal activity in setting the tempo of adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Ge
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 North Broadway, BRB 735, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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133
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Subburaman K, Pernodet N, Kwak SY, DiMasi E, Ge S, Zaitsev V, Ba X, Yang NL, Rafailovich M. Templated biomineralization on self-assembled protein fibers. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:14672-7. [PMID: 17003131 PMCID: PMC1595410 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0602952103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Biological mineralization of tissues in living organisms relies on proteins that preferentially nucleate minerals and control their growth. This process is often referred to as "templating," but this term has become generic, denoting various proposed mineral-organic interactions including both chemical and structural affinities. Here, we present an approach using self-assembled networks of elastin and fibronectin fibers, similar to the extracellular matrix. When induced onto negatively charged sulfonated polystyrene surfaces, these proteins form fiber networks of approximately 10-mum spacing, leaving open regions of disorganized protein between them. We introduce an atomic force microscopy-based technique to measure the elastic modulus of both structured and disorganized protein before and during calcium carbonate mineralization. Mineral-induced thickening and stiffening of the protein fibers during early stages of mineralization is clearly demonstrated, well before discrete mineral crystals are large enough to image by atomic force microscopy. Calcium carbonate stiffens the protein fibers selectively without affecting the regions between them, emphasizing interactions between the mineral and the organized protein fibers. Late-stage observations by optical microscopy and secondary ion mass spectroscopy reveal that Ca is concentrated along the protein fibers and that crystals form preferentially on the fiber crossings. We demonstrate that organized versus unstructured proteins can be assembled mere nanometers apart and probed in identical environments, where mineralization is proved to require the structural organization imposed by fibrillogenesis of the extracellular matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Subburaman
- *Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - N. Pernodet
- *Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - S. Y. Kwak
- National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973; and
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - E. DiMasi
- National Synchrotron Light Source, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973; and
| | - S. Ge
- *Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - V. Zaitsev
- *Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - X. Ba
- *Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
| | - N. L. Yang
- Department of Chemistry, City University of New York, Staten Island, NY 10314
| | - M. Rafailovich
- *Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794
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134
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Abstract
The hippocampus is a center for learning and memory that receives abundant cholinergic innervation and richly expresses nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs). Nicotinic mechanisms acting on the hippocampus influence attention, learning, and memory. During Alzheimer's dementia, nAChRs and cholinergic innervation decline in the hippocampus. Using mouse hippocampal slices, we examined the potential diversity of nAChR influences at the Schaffer collateral synapse onto CA1 pyramidal neurons. When nAChR currents were elicited locally at those excitatory synapses, various outcomes were possible depending on the relationship between the nAChR-mediated excitation and mild electrical stimulation. When mild presynaptic stimulation coincided with or preceded nAChR-induced action potentials by 1-5 s, then long-term potentiation was induced. However, if the nAChR-induced action potentials fell within 1 s before the electrical stimulation, then long-term depression resulted. Outside of these time frames, the mismatch of nAChR activity and stimulation led to short-term potentiation. The results indicate that nAChRs may have various influences over excitatory events in the hippocampus. Ongoing nAChR activity likely modulates the impact of glutamate transmission and alters the probabilities for various forms of synaptic plasticity. The fine network of cholinergic fibers running through the hippocampus forms synaptic contacts onto pyramidal cells, granule cells, and interneurons, ensuring continual modulatory influence by nicotinic mechanisms throughout the hippocampal complex. Disruption of events such as those described here may contribute to the deficits associated with the decline of nicotinic cholinergic functions during degenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoyu Ge
- Department of Neuroscience, Program in Structural and Computational Biology and Molecular Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030-3498, USA
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135
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Ge S, Goh EL, Sailor KA, Kitabatake Y, Ming GL, Song H. GABA regulates synaptic integration of newly generated neurons in the adult brain. Nature 2005; 439:589-93. [PMID: 16341203 PMCID: PMC1420640 DOI: 10.1038/nature04404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 951] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2005] [Accepted: 11/08/2005] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Adult neurogenesis, the birth and integration of new neurons from adult neural stem cells, is a striking form of structural plasticity and highlights the regenerative capacity of the adult mammalian brain. Accumulating evidence suggests that neuronal activity regulates adult neurogenesis and that new neurons contribute to specific brain functions. The mechanism that regulates the integration of newly generated neurons into the pre-existing functional circuitry in the adult brain is unknown. Here we show that newborn granule cells in the dentate gyrus of the adult hippocampus are tonically activated by ambient GABA (gamma-aminobutyric acid) before being sequentially innervated by GABA- and glutamate-mediated synaptic inputs. GABA, the major inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain, initially exerts an excitatory action on newborn neurons owing to their high cytoplasmic chloride ion content. Conversion of GABA-induced depolarization (excitation) into hyperpolarization (inhibition) in newborn neurons leads to marked defects in their synapse formation and dendritic development in vivo. Our study identifies an essential role for GABA in the synaptic integration of newly generated neurons in the adult brain, and suggests an unexpected mechanism for activity-dependent regulation of adult neurogenesis, in which newborn neurons may sense neuronal network activity through tonic and phasic GABA activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Hongjun Song
- Correspondence should be addressed to: Hongjun Song Institute for Cell Engineering, Departments of Neurology and Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, BRB735, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Tel: 443-287-7499; Fax: 410-614-9568; E-mail:
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136
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López-Pujol J, Zhang FM, Ge S. Population genetics and conservation of the critically endangeredClematis acerifolia(Ranunculaceae). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1139/b05-097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Allozyme electrophoresis was used to evaluate the levels of genetic diversity and population genetic structure of the critically endangered Clematis acerifolia Maximowicz (Ranunculaceae), a narrow endemic species in China. On the basis of variation at 19 putative loci in nine populations covering the entire distribution of this species, low values of genetic diversity were detected (P = 20.5%, A = 1.27, and He= 0.072). A significant deficiency of heterozygotes was found in all populations. Most loci showed deviations from the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, probably as a result of population genetic structuring. The high genetic divergence among populations (FST= 0.273) can be interpreted as an effect of the extinction of local populations and genetic drift within extant populations, and has probably been enhanced by habitat fragmentation in recent decades. Threats to this species are mainly anthropogenic (road works, construction of holiday resorts, and extraction activities), although stochastic risks cannot be ignored. Therefore, to preserve extant genetic variation of C. acerifolia, in situ strategies, such as the preservation of its habitat or at least the most diverse populations, and ex situ measures, such as the collection and long-term storage of seeds, should be adopted.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. López-Pujol
- Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- GReB, Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F.-M. Zhang
- Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- GReB, Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S. Ge
- Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
- GReB, Laboratori de Botànica, Facultat de Farmàcia, Universitat de Barcelona, Avda. Joan XXIII s/n, E-08028, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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137
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Shim S, Goh EL, Ge S, Sailor K, Yuan JP, Roderick HL, Bootman MD, Worley PF, Song H, Ming GL. XTRPC1-dependent chemotropic guidance of neuronal growth cones. Nat Neurosci 2005; 8:730-5. [PMID: 15880110 PMCID: PMC4005724 DOI: 10.1038/nn1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2005] [Accepted: 04/05/2005] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Calcium arising through release from intracellular stores and from influx across the plasma membrane is essential for signalling by specific guidance cues and by factors that inhibit axon regeneration. The mediators of calcium influx in these cases are largely unknown. Transient receptor potential channels (TRPCs) belong to a superfamily of Ca2+-permeable, receptor-operated channels that have important roles in sensing and responding to changes in the local environment. Here we report that XTRPC1, a Xenopus homolog of mammalian TRPC1, is required for proper growth cone turning responses of Xenopus spinal neurons to microscopic gradients of netrin-1, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and myelin-associated glycoprotein, but not to semaphorin 3A. Furthermore, XTRPC1 is required for midline guidance of axons of commissural interneurons in the developing Xenopus spinal cord. Thus, members of the TRPC family may serve as a key mediator for the Ca2+ influx that regulates axon guidance during development and inhibits axon regeneration in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwoo Shim
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 733 N. Broadway, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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138
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Ge S, Rafailovich M, Sokolov J, Zou Y, Ade H, Lüning J, Lustiger A, Marom G. Crystallization in the Thin and Ultrathin Films of Poly(ethylene-vinyl acetate) and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene. Macromolecules 2005. [DOI: 10.1021/ma0501601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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139
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Wang Y, Ge S, Rafailovich M, Sokolov J, Zou Y, Ade H, Lüning J, Lustiger A, Maron G. Crystallization in the Thin and Ultrathin Films of Poly(ethylene−vinyl acetate) and Linear Low-Density Polyethylene. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma030456b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Stanford, California 94209; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; and Department of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - S. Ge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Stanford, California 94209; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; and Department of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - M. Rafailovich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Stanford, California 94209; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; and Department of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - J. Sokolov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Stanford, California 94209; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; and Department of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Y. Zou
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Stanford, California 94209; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; and Department of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - H. Ade
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Stanford, California 94209; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; and Department of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - J. Lüning
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Stanford, California 94209; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; and Department of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - A. Lustiger
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Stanford, California 94209; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; and Department of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - G. Maron
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lab, Stanford, California 94209; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; and Department of Applied Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
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140
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Snapka RM, Ge S, Trask J, Robertson F. Unbalanced growth in mouse cells with amplified dhfr genes. Cell Prolif 2003; 30:385-99. [PMID: 9650531 PMCID: PMC6496445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
When grown in the absence of methotrexate, cells carrying unstably amplified dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) genes have a growth disadvantage that is a function of their level of gene amplification. Although this growth disadvantage is thought to drive the loss of unstably amplified dhfr genes in the absence of methotrexate, its mechanism is not understood. The present studies of murine cell lines with different levels of dhfr gene amplification demonstrate that such cells experience increased unbalanced growth (excess RNA and protein content relative to DNA content) with increased levels of dhfr gene amplification. Stathmokinetic analysis of a cell line with unstably amplified dhfr genes showed that the unbalanced growth was associated with a very low rate of G1/S transit, which suggests that amplified DNA sequences may activate a cell cycle checkpoint at the G1/S boundary. Hydroxyurea, which is known to induce rapid elimination of amplified genes at sub-cytotoxic concentrations, also inhibits the cell cycle at the G1/S transition and causes unbalanced growth. Earlier work has shown that hydroxyurea selectively targets those cells within the heterogeneous drug resistant cell populations which have the highest amplified gene dosage. The finding that unstable gene amplification and hydroxyurea have similar effects on the cell suggests that hydroxyurea may achieve this selective targeting by pushing those cells with the highest levels of gene amplification over a critical stress threshold to cause growth arrest or cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Snapka
- Department of Radiology, Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus 43210, USA
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141
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142
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Zhang W, Ge S, Wang Y, Rafailovich M, Dhez O, Winesett D, Ade H, Shafi KV, Ulman A, Popovitz-Biro R, Tenne R, Sokolov J. Use of functionalized WS2 nanotubes to produce new polystyrene/polymethylmethacrylate nanocomposites. POLYMER 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(03)00053-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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143
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Ge S, Sang T, Lu BR, Hong DY. Rapid and reliable identification of rice genomes by RFLP analysis of PCR-amplified Adh genes. Genome 2001; 44:1136-42. [PMID: 11768218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The rice genus (Oryza L.) consists of 24 species with 10 recognized genome types. With the realization of many useful genes in species of wild rice, continuous efforts have been made to understand their genomic composition and relationships. However, the identification of rice genomes has often been difficult owing to complex morphological variation and formation of allotetraploids. Here we propose a rapid and reliable method for identifying rice genomes based on the restriction sites of PCR-amplified Adh genes. The experimental procedure was as follows: (i) amplify a portion of Adh1 and Adh2 genes with the locus-specific PCR primers; (ii) digest PCR products with restriction enzymes that distinguish different genomes; and (iii) run the digested products on 1.4% agarose gel, and photograph. Using various combinations of restriction digestion of the two Adh genes, all of the rice genomes can be identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ge
- Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.
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144
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Abstract
In order to determine the population genetic structure of wild rice (Oryza officinalis Wall. ex Watt.), an endangered tropical and subtropical species, allozyme diversity encoded by 24 loci was analyzed electrophoretically in 145 individuals of eight natural populations from Hainan, Guangxi, and Yunnan provinces, China. A fairly high genetic differentiation (F(ST) = 0.882 and mean I = 0.786) was found among the studied populations. Our results suggest that restricted gene flow may play a significant role in shaping such a population genetic structure. In addition, high genetic differentiation among populations within a geographically limited region may stem from a reduced population size and consequent genetic drift.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Z Gao
- Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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145
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Xia Z, Wang G, Ge S, Tian J. Alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein reduce the sensitivity of human dermal fibroblast to endotoxin. Chin J Traumatol 2001; 4:199-203. [PMID: 11835732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that acute phase reactants, such as alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, could protect mammalian cells from further damage. METHODS Human dermal fibroblasts (5 x 10(4)) were cultured with DMEM plus 10% FBS at 37 degrees C in a 5% CO(2) incubator. Different doses of LPS (lipo polysaccharide) and/or acute phase reactants were added. After 24 hours, the cultured supernatant was aspirated, the cells were washed, fixed and stained by methylene blue. The unbound stain was washed off. The stained cells were solubilize d in 0.1 ml of 1% Triton X-100. The absorbance of each well was measured us ing an ELISA spectrophotometer. The concentration of LPS which decreased the absorbance to 70% of the control (LPS-free) cultures was defined as LD(30). RESULTS In order to achieve LD(30) in the presence of acute phase proteins, it was necessary to alter the LPS concentrations. The LD(3 0) of LPS treated with 0, 0.5, 2, 10 mg/ml antitrypsin and 0, 0.5, 2, 10 mg/ml glycoprotein was 5.4, 6.5, 7.6, 14.2 mg/ml and 5.2, 5.9, 6.9, 10.5 mg/ml, respectively. Statistically, with the treatment of more than 2 mg/ml antitrypsin or glycoprotein, LD(30) increased significantly. CONCLUSIONS Our data show that fibroblasts are susceptible to the direct toxicity of LPS. Alpha 1-antitrypsin and alpha 1-acid glycoprotein can reduce the toxicity and/or increase the tolerance of mammalian cells to LP S.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Xia
- Burns Center, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
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146
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Zhu S, Huo Z, Ge S. [The influence of resuscitation with solutions containing different concentrations of sodium on the homeostasis of burn patients during the early postburn stage]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2001; 17:263-5. [PMID: 11774809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the influence of resuscitation with solutions containing different concentrations of sodium on the homeostasis of burn patients during the early postburn stage. METHODS Thirty-five cases of burn patients inflicted with 50% approximately 100% of TBSA including 20% approximately 88% of 3rd degree burn were enrolled in the study. All the patients studied were divided into A[(Na+) = 174 mmol/L] and B [(Na+) = 130 mmol/L] groups according to different concentrations of sodium in the infusion solution. The input of the fluid, plasma crystal osmotic pressure, plasma ratio of albumin to globulin, urine output and pH value and anasarcous degree were observed during 1 to 5 postburn days (PBDs). RESULTS The infusion fluid amount per hour in A group was 20 approximately 30 ml less than that in B group within 3 PBDs. The infused sodium amount in A group was more than that in B group within 5 PBDs. The FENa in A group was in normal range within 5 PBDs, while that in B group was lower than normal. This might be related to different infusion amounts of water and sodium. CONCLUSION The homeostasis of burn patients could be significantly affected by the water load and the sodium concentration in the resuscitation solution during early postburn stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zhu
- Department of Burns, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, P. R. China
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Zhang Y, Li W, Tang B, Ge S, Hu X, Rafailovich M, Sokolov J, Gersappe D, Peiffer D, Li Z, Dias A, McElrath K, Lin M, Satija S, Urquhart S, Ade H. Interfacial properties of elastomer blends as studied by neutron reflectivity. POLYMER 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-3861(01)00370-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ge S. [Burn shock and initial management]. Zhonghua Shao Shang Za Zhi 2001; 17:261-2. [PMID: 11774808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
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Zhang Y, Ge S, Tang B, Koga T, Rafailovich MH, Sokolov JC, Peiffer DG, Li Z, Dias AJ, McElrath KO, Lin MY, Satija SK, Urquhart SG, Ade H, Nguyen D. Effect of Carbon Black and Silica Fillers in Elastomer Blends. Macromolecules 2001. [DOI: 10.1021/ma010183p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Polymer Science and Butyl Technology Divisions, Baytown, Texas 77520; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Brookhaven
| | - S. Ge
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Polymer Science and Butyl Technology Divisions, Baytown, Texas 77520; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Brookhaven
| | - B. Tang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Polymer Science and Butyl Technology Divisions, Baytown, Texas 77520; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Brookhaven
| | - T. Koga
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Polymer Science and Butyl Technology Divisions, Baytown, Texas 77520; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Brookhaven
| | - M. H. Rafailovich
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Polymer Science and Butyl Technology Divisions, Baytown, Texas 77520; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Brookhaven
| | - J. C. Sokolov
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Polymer Science and Butyl Technology Divisions, Baytown, Texas 77520; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Brookhaven
| | - D. G. Peiffer
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Polymer Science and Butyl Technology Divisions, Baytown, Texas 77520; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Brookhaven
| | - Z. Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Polymer Science and Butyl Technology Divisions, Baytown, Texas 77520; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Brookhaven
| | - A. J. Dias
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Polymer Science and Butyl Technology Divisions, Baytown, Texas 77520; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Brookhaven
| | - K. O. McElrath
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Polymer Science and Butyl Technology Divisions, Baytown, Texas 77520; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Brookhaven
| | - M. Y. Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Polymer Science and Butyl Technology Divisions, Baytown, Texas 77520; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Brookhaven
| | - S. K. Satija
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Polymer Science and Butyl Technology Divisions, Baytown, Texas 77520; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Brookhaven
| | - S. G. Urquhart
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Polymer Science and Butyl Technology Divisions, Baytown, Texas 77520; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Brookhaven
| | - H. Ade
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Polymer Science and Butyl Technology Divisions, Baytown, Texas 77520; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Brookhaven
| | - D. Nguyen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794-2275; ExxonMobil Research and Engineering Company, Annandale, New Jersey 08801; ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Polymer Science and Butyl Technology Divisions, Baytown, Texas 77520; Center for Neutron Research, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899; Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695; and Brookhaven
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ge
- University of Colorado Health Science Center, the Children's Hospital, Denver, Colorado 80218, USA
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