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Pugliese D, Onali S, Privitera G, Armuzzi A, Papi C. Comparative Effectiveness Research: A Roadmap to Sail the Seas of IBD Therapies. J Clin Med 2022; 11. [PMID: 36431194 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11226717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The drug pipeline for the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has dramatically expanded over the last two decades, and it is expected to further grow in the upcoming years with the introduction of new agents with different mechanisms of action. However, such an increase of therapeutic options needs to be paralleled with an appropriate development of research to help physicians in the decision-making process when choosing which drug to prescribe. On the population level, comparative effectiveness research (CER) is intended to explore and identify relevant differences-in terms of both efficacy and safety outcomes-amongst different therapeutic regimens and/or strategies, in order to find the correct placement for each treatment in the therapeutic algorithm. CER revolves around three cornerstones: network meta-analyses, head-to-head trials and real-world studies, each of which has specific pros and cons, and can therefore offer answers to different questions. In this review, we aim to provide an overview on the methodological features specific to each of these research approaches, as well as to illustrate the main findings coming from CER on IBD target therapies (i.e., biologics and small molecules) and to discuss their appropriate interpretation.
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Han Z, Wang L, Wang D, Zhang L, Bi Y, Zheng X, Liu W, Bai G, Wang Z, Wan W, Ma Y, Cai X, Liu T, Jia Q. DJ-1 promotes osteosarcoma progression through activating CDK4/RB/E2F1 signaling pathway. Front Oncol 2022; 12:1036401. [PMID: 36408174 PMCID: PMC9671360 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.1036401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary malignant tumor of the bone characterized by poor prognosis due to chemotherapy resistance and high recurrence rates. DJ-1 (PARK7) is known as an oncogene and its abnormal expression is related to the poor prognosis of various types of malignant tumors. It was found in this study that upregulated expression of DJ-1 was closely correlated with the prognosis of OS patients by promoting the proliferation, migration and chemotherapy resistance of OS cells in vitro through regulating the activity of CDK4 but not through the oxidation mechanism or AKT pathway. The combination of DJ-1 and CDK4 promoted RB phosphorylation, leading to the dissociation of E2F1 into the nucleus to regulate the expression of cell cycle-related genes. The tumor xenograft mouse model demonstrated that DJ-1 knockout suppressed tumor growth in vivo. All these findings indicate that DJ-1 can affect the occurrence and progression of OS by regulating the CDK/RB/E2F1axis, suggesting a novel therapeutic opportunity for OS patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhitao Han
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Lining Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Laboratory of New Techniques of Restoration & Reconstruction, Institute of Traumatology & Orthopedics, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Dongshuo Wang
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Luosheng Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yifeng Bi
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinlei Zheng
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weibo Liu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the Fourth Medical Centre, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Guangjian Bai
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhenhua Wang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wan
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Ma
- School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaopan Cai
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tielong Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qi Jia
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology, Changzheng Hospital, Naval Medical University, Shanghai, China
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Cassanello G, Pasquale R, Barcellini W, Fattizzo B. Novel Therapies for Unmet Clinical Needs in Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:4941. [PMID: 36230864 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Several novel therapies are being developed to improve the management of patients with myelodysplastic syndromes. They include drugs aimed at improving hematopoiesis and differentiation of myeloid precursors, hypomethylating agents, several compounds that target intracellular molecular pathways, and immunotherapies. In this review article, we discuss how the novel drugs may address the several unmet needs of lower- and higher-risk patients. Abstract Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a very heterogeneous disease, with extremely variable clinical features and outcomes. Current management relies on risk stratification based on IPSS and IPSS-R, which categorizes patients into low (LR-) and high-risk (HR-) MDS. Therapeutic strategies in LR-MDS patients mainly consist of erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs), transfusion support, and luspatercept or lenalidomide for selected patients. Current unmet needs include the limited options available after treatment failure, and the consequent transfusion burden with several hospital admissions and poor quality of life. Therapeutic approaches in HR-MDS patients are aimed at changing the natural course of the disease and hypometylating agents (HMA) are the first choice. The only potentially curative treatment is allogeneic stem cell transplant (allo-HCT), restricted to a minority of young and fit candidates. Patients unfit for or those that relapse after the abovementioned options harbor an adverse prognosis, with limited overall survival and frequent leukemic evolution. Recent advances in genetic mutations and intracellular pathways that are relevant for MDS pathogenesis are improving disease risk stratification and highlighting therapeutic targets addressed by novel agents. Several drugs are under evaluation for LR and HR patients, which differ by their mechanism of action, reported efficacy, and phase of development. This review analyzes the current unmet clinical needs for MDS patients and provides a critical overview of the novel agents under development in this setting.
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Fioretti T, Zanobio M, Raia M, Errichiello S, Izzo B, Cattaneo F, Ammendola R, Cevenini A, Esposito G. MiR-27a downregulates 14-3-3θ, RUNX1, AF4, and MLL-AF4, crucial drivers of blast transformation in t(4;11) leukemia cells. Cell Biochem Funct 2022; 40:706-717. [PMID: 35981137 PMCID: PMC9804920 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.3736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The chromosomal translocation t(4;11)(q21;q23), a hallmark of an aggressive form of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), encodes mixed-lineage leukemia (MLL)-AF4 oncogenic chimera that triggers aberrant transcription of genes involved in lymphocyte differentiation, including HOXA9 and MEIS1. The scaffold protein 14-3-3θ, which promotes the binding of MLL-AF4 to the HOXA9 promoter, is a target of MiR-27a, a tumor suppressor in different human leukemia cell types. We herein study the role of MiR-27a in the pathogenesis of t(4;11) ALL. Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (qPCR) reveals that MiR-27a and 14-3-3θ expression is inversely correlated in t(4;11) ALL cell lines; interestingly, MiR-27a relative expression is significantly lower in patients affected by t(4;11) ALL than in patients affected by the less severe t(12;21) leukemia. In t(4;11) leukemia cells, ectopic expression of MiR-27a decreases protein level of 14-3-3θ and of the key transcription factor RUNX1. We show for the first time that MiR-27a also targets AF4 and MLL-AF4; in agreement, MiR-27a overexpression strongly reduces AF4 and MLL-AF4 protein levels in RS4;11 cells. Consequent to AF4 and MLL-AF4 downregulation, MiR-27a overexpression negatively affects transcription of HOXA9 and MEIS1 in different t(4;11) leukemia cell lines. In agreement, we show through chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments that MiR-27a overexpression impairs the binding of MLL-AF4 to the HOXA9 promoter. Lastly, we found that MiR-27a overexpression decreases viability, proliferation, and clonogenicity of t(4;11) cells, whereas it enhances their apoptotic rate. Overall, our study identifies the first microRNAthat strikes in one hit four crucial drivers of blast transformation in t(4;11) leukemia. Therefore, MiR-27a emerges as a new promising therapeutic target for this aggressive and poorly curable form of leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiziana Fioretti
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore s.c. a r.l.NaplesItaly
| | - Mariateresa Zanobio
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly,Precision MedicineUniversity of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”Naples, Italy
| | - Maddalena Raia
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore s.c. a r.l.NaplesItaly
| | - Santa Errichiello
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore s.c. a r.l.NaplesItaly
| | - Barbara Izzo
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore s.c. a r.l.NaplesItaly,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Fabio Cattaneo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Rosario Ammendola
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Armando Cevenini
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore s.c. a r.l.NaplesItaly,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
| | - Gabriella Esposito
- CEINGE Advanced Biotechnologies Franco Salvatore s.c. a r.l.NaplesItaly,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, School of MedicineUniversity of Naples Federico IINaplesItaly
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Li R, Wang Y, Xu Y, He X, Li Y. [Retracted] Silencing the long noncoding RNA, TINCR, a molecular sponge of miR‑335, inhibits the malignant phenotype of epithelial ovarian cancer via FGF2 suppression. Int J Oncol 2022; 61:121. [PMID: 36004482 PMCID: PMC9477109 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2022.5411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Province People's Hospital, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, The People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Province People's Hospital, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, The People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Yuexun Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Province People's Hospital, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, The People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoli He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Province People's Hospital, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, The People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
| | - Yali Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Henan Province People's Hospital, The People's Hospital of Zhengzhou University, The People's Hospital of Henan University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450003, P.R. China
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Pasca L, Gardani A, Paoletti M, Velardo D, Berardinelli A. Good response to the late treatment with ataluren in a boy with Duchenne muscular dystrophy: could the previous mild course of the disease have affected the outcome? Acta Myol 2022; 41:121-125. [PMID: 36349184 PMCID: PMC9628801 DOI: 10.36185/2532-1900-078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a severe, progressive X-linked recessive disorder, caused by the absence of the dystrophin protein. A resolutive therapy for DMD is not yet available. The first approved drug for DMD patients with nonsense mutations is ataluren, approved for the treatment of children aged ≥ 2 yrs, that seems effective in slowing the disease progression. An earlier introduction of ataluren seems to give better results. We report the case of a 14-year-old DMD patient with a nonsense mutation in exon 70, still ambulant, who started taking ataluren at 12 years and remained stable for the following two years. The patient was on steroid since the age of 6, with beneficial effects. At two-years follow-up, an optimal disease evolution was observed, associated with a constant decrease of creatine kinase blood levels. Despite the late start of the treatment, ataluren seems to have significantly contributed to the stabilization of the functional status in this patient though it cannot be excluded that the result may have been influenced by the previous favorable course of the disease. However, further studies should be planned in patients with similar age treated with ataluren to better evaluate the treatment's results compared to the natural course of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovica Pasca
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy, Department of Brain and Behaviour Neuroscience, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alice Gardani
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Paoletti
- Department of Neuroradiology, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Velardo
- IRCCS Foundation Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico; Neurology Unit, Milan, Italy
| | - Angela Berardinelli
- Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy,Correspondence Angela Berardinelli Department of Child Neurology and Psychiatry, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy. E-mail:
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Bashir SM, Ahmed Rather G, Patrício A, Haq Z, Sheikh AA, Shah MZUH, Singh H, Khan AA, Imtiyaz S, Ahmad SB, Nabi S, Rakhshan R, Hassan S, Fonte P. Chitosan Nanoparticles: A Versatile Platform for Biomedical Applications. Materials (Basel) 2022; 15:ma15196521. [PMID: 36233864 PMCID: PMC9570720 DOI: 10.3390/ma15196521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Chitosan is a biodegradable and biocompatible natural polymer that has been extensively explored in recent decades. The Food and Drug Administration has approved chitosan for wound treatment and nutritional use. Furthermore, chitosan has paved the way for advancements in different biomedical applications including as a nanocarrier and tissue-engineering scaffold. Its antibacterial, antioxidant, and haemostatic properties make it an excellent option for wound dressings. Because of its hydrophilic nature, chitosan is an ideal starting material for biocompatible and biodegradable hydrogels. To suit specific application demands, chitosan can be combined with fillers, such as hydroxyapatite, to modify the mechanical characteristics of pH-sensitive hydrogels. Furthermore, the cationic characteristics of chitosan have made it a popular choice for gene delivery and cancer therapy. Thus, the use of chitosan nanoparticles in developing novel drug delivery systems has received special attention. This review aims to provide an overview of chitosan-based nanoparticles, focusing on their versatile properties and different applications in biomedical sciences and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Showkeen Muzamil Bashir
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama Alusteng, Srinagar 190006, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.); (G.A.R.); (P.F.)
| | - Gulzar Ahmed Rather
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sathyabama Institute of Science & Technology (Deemed to be University), Chennai 600119, India
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.); (G.A.R.); (P.F.)
| | - Ana Patrício
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Zulfiqar Haq
- ICAR-Poultry Seed Project, Division of LPM, Skuast-K 132001, India
| | - Amir Amin Sheikh
- International Institute of Veterinary Education and Research (IIVER), Bahu Akbarpur, Rohtak 124001, India
| | - Mohd Zahoor ul Haq Shah
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Bioscience, Barkatullah University, Bhopal 462026, India
| | - Hemant Singh
- Department of Polymer and Process Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Roorkee 247667, India
| | - Azmat Alam Khan
- ICAR-Poultry Seed Project, Division of LPM, Skuast-K 132001, India
| | - Sofi Imtiyaz
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama Alusteng, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Sheikh Bilal Ahmad
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama Alusteng, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Showket Nabi
- Large Animal Diagnostic Laboratory, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Ethics & Jurisprudence, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama Alusteng, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Rabia Rakhshan
- Molecular Biology Laboratory, Division of Veterinary Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences and Animal Husbandry, Shuhama Alusteng, Srinagar 190006, India
| | - Saqib Hassan
- Department of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry 605014, India
| | - Pedro Fonte
- iBB—Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Department of Bioengineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB—Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal
- Center for Marine Sciences (CCMAR), Gambelas Campus, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Gambelas Campus, University of Algarve, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal
- Correspondence: (S.M.B.); (G.A.R.); (P.F.)
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Górnicki T, Lambrinow J, Mrozowska M, Podhorska-Okołów M, Dzięgiel P, Grzegrzółka J. Role of RBMS3 Novel Potential Regulator of the EMT Phenomenon in Physiological and Pathological Processes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810875. [PMID: 36142783 PMCID: PMC9503485 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA-binding protein 3 (RBMS3) plays a significant role in embryonic development and the pathogenesis of many diseases, especially cancer initiation and progression. The multiple roles of RBMS3 are conditioned by its numerous alternative expression products. It has been proven that the main form of RBMS3 influences the regulation of microRNA expression or stabilization. The absence of RBMS3 activates the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. The expression of c-Myc, another target of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway, is correlated with the RBMS3 expression. Numerous studies have focused solely on the interaction of RBMS3 with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) protein machinery. EMT plays a vital role in cancer progression, in which RBMS3 is a new potential regulator. It is also significant that RBMS3 may act as a prognostic factor of overall survival (OS) in different types of cancer. This review presents the current state of knowledge about the role of RBMS3 in physiological and pathological processes, with particular emphasis on carcinogenesis. The molecular mechanisms underlying the role of RBMS3 are not fully understood; hence, a broader explanation and understanding is still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Górnicki
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Lambrinow
- Faculty of Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Monika Mrozowska
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Jędrzej Grzegrzółka
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, 50-368 Wroclaw, Poland
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Antonicelli A, Monaco F, Carretta A, Burt BM, Sonett JR, Veronesi G. Chest Drainage Therapy: What Comes out of Pandora's Box Can Affect Patient Outcomes. J Clin Med 2022; 11. [PMID: 36142958 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11185311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Over the last 100 years, the original three-bottle chest drainage system has been variously engineered into compact disposables and electronic units. Clinicians are now surrounded by a plethora of different types of systems, but little is known about the way that they work and perform. Thus, we sought to test the performance of the most commonly used chest drainage units under conditions that are relevant to clinical practice. Methods: A pleural space environment simulator was built. Thirty-two units were tested under four clinical scenarios: air leak interpretation during quiet breathing and after obstructed inspiration (−5 to −150 cmH2O), a buildup of negative pressure (−100 cmH2O), a bronchopleural fistula (10 L/min) and the need for effective external suction in the presence of air leakage. Twenty-five units were “traditional” thoracic drainages, five were “digital” low-flow/low-vacuum pumps and two were hybrids (a combination of the two). According to the design of the seal and of the suction control, the units were classified as wet-wet, wet-dry and dry-dry. Results: All wet units showed reverse air flow, with the potential to mimic an air leak when there was none. Ten wet units showed no automatic negative pressure relief features, while five dry-dry did but were slow to react. Ten wet and five dry-dry units showed no capability to handle a 10 L/min leak, as they were restrictive to flow (peak pressure up to 55 cmH2O). Only seven dry-suction units were able to maintain the set suction at high airflow rates (>20 L/min). Conclusions: Different chest drainage unit designs lead to different performances, some of which may negatively impact patient outcomes. This sounds the call to tailor our clinical practice for the individual patient. A paradigm shift to better understand all components of pleural physiology post-surgical intervention on this relatively neglected topic is needed to improve our daily practice.
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Fang L, Nikfarjam N, Gharagozlou M, Huang T, Song Y, Islambulchilar Z, Esmaeilzadeh A, Jafari D, Athari SS. Pulmonary Delivery of Levamisole Nanoparticles as an Immunomodulator Affecting Th and a Potential ADAM10 Inhibitor to Ameliorate Severe Allergic Asthma. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:4566-4576. [PMID: 36054652 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is a common chronic lung disease without absolute treatment, and hypersensitivity reactions and type 2 immune responses are responsible for asthma pathophysiology. ADAM10 as a metalloproteinase transmembrane protein is critical for development of Th2 responses, and levamisole as an anthelmintic drug has immunomodulatory effects, which not only regulates ADAM10 activity but also can suppress the bone marrow and neutrophil production. Therefore, in the present study, nanoparticles were used as a levamisole delivery system to reduce bone marrow suppression, and the immunomodulatory and ADAM10 inhibitory effects of levamisole were studied in allergic asthma. Asthmatic mice were treated with PLGA-levamisole nanoparticles. Then, AHR, BALF, and blood cell counts, levels of the IgG1 subclass, total and OVA-specific IgE, IL2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17, IL-25, IL-33, INF-γ, and TNF-α, gene expression of FoxP3, T-bet, RORγt, PU.1, GATA3, FcεRII, CysLT1R, eotaxin, and ADAM10, and lung histopathology were evaluated. PLGA-LMHCl with considered characteristics could control airway hyper-responsiveness, eosinophils in the BALF, levels of immunoglobulins, Th2-, Th9-, and Th17-derived cytokines and pivotal genes, eosinophilic inflammation, hyperplasia of the goblet cell, and hyperproduction of mucus and could increase Th1- and Treg-derived cytokines and also pivotal genes. It could also modulate the ADAM10 activity and had no effect on the number of neutrophils in the bloodstream. The novel safe nanodrug had no side effect on the bone marrow to produce neutrophils and could control the allegro-immuno-inflammatory response of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Fang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), 155 East Aerospace Road, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Nasser Nikfarjam
- Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan 45137-66731, Iran
| | - Mohammad Gharagozlou
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1416753955, Iran
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Orthopedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Medical University, 48 West Fengho Road, Lianhu District, Xi'an 710000, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yu Song
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Xi'an People's Hospital (Xi'an Fourth Hospital), 155 East Aerospace Road, Xi'an 710100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ziba Islambulchilar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz 5166/15731, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Esmaeilzadeh
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45371-38111, Iran
| | - Davood Jafari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45371-38111, Iran
| | - Seyyed Shamsadin Athari
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan 45371-38111, Iran
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Hu C, Yang J, Qi Z, Wu H, Wang B, Zou F, Mei H, Liu J, Wang W, Liu Q. Heat shock proteins: Biological functions, pathological roles, and therapeutic opportunities. MedComm (Beijing) 2022; 3:e161. [PMID: 35928554 PMCID: PMC9345296 DOI: 10.1002/mco2.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The heat shock proteins (HSPs) are ubiquitous and conserved protein families in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms, and they maintain cellular proteostasis and protect cells from stresses. HSP protein families are classified based on their molecular weights, mainly including large HSPs, HSP90, HSP70, HSP60, HSP40, and small HSPs. They function as molecular chaperons in cells and work as an integrated network, participating in the folding of newly synthesized polypeptides, refolding metastable proteins, protein complex assembly, dissociating protein aggregate dissociation, and the degradation of misfolded proteins. In addition to their chaperone functions, they also play important roles in cell signaling transduction, cell cycle, and apoptosis regulation. Therefore, malfunction of HSPs is related with many diseases, including cancers, neurodegeneration, and other diseases. In this review, we describe the current understandings about the molecular mechanisms of the major HSP families including HSP90/HSP70/HSP60/HSP110 and small HSPs, how the HSPs keep the protein proteostasis and response to stresses, and we also discuss their roles in diseases and the recent exploration of HSP related therapy and diagnosis to modulate diseases. These research advances offer new prospects of HSPs as potential targets for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Hu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology Institute of Health and Medical Technology Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China
| | - Jing Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology Institute of Health and Medical Technology Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China
| | - Ziping Qi
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology Institute of Health and Medical Technology Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China
| | - Hong Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology Institute of Health and Medical Technology Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China
| | - Beilei Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology Institute of Health and Medical Technology Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China
| | - Fengming Zou
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology Institute of Health and Medical Technology Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China
| | - Husheng Mei
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology Institute of Health and Medical Technology Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui P. R. China
| | - Jing Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology Institute of Health and Medical Technology Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui P. R. China
| | - Wenchao Wang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology Institute of Health and Medical Technology Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui P. R. China
| | - Qingsong Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Medical Physics and Technology Institute of Health and Medical Technology Hefei Institutes of Physical Science Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China.,Hefei Cancer Hospital Chinese Academy of Sciences Hefei Anhui P. R. China.,University of Science and Technology of China Hefei Anhui P. R. China.,Precision Medicine Research Laboratory of Anhui Province Hefei Anhui P. R. China
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Modica R, Liccardi A, Minotta R, Cannavale G, Benevento E, Colao A. Therapeutic strategies for patients with neuroendocrine neoplasms: current perspectives. Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2022; 17:389-403. [PMID: 35822906 DOI: 10.1080/17446651.2022.2099840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neuroendocrine neoplasms (NENs) are a heterogeneous group of malignancies mainly arising in the gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) and bronchopulmonary systems, with steadily increasing incidence. The therapeutic landscape has widened and the therapeutic strategy should be based on new sequences and combinations, still debated. AREAS COVERED Herein, we provide an overview of current approved pharmacological treatments in patients with NENs, with the aim to summarize evidence of efficacy of the main different options in GEP and pulmonary NENs, principally focusing on somatostatin analogs (SSAs), targeted therapy with everolimus and sunitinib, peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) and chemotherapy. We discuss biological rationale and toxicities, including current indications according to differentiation and placement in the therapeutic algorithm, clinical trials, and combinations. Furthermore, we recommend areas for further research. EXPERT OPINION Therapeutic management of patients with NENs represents a challenge for clinicians and the identification of effective sequences and combinations is of utmost importance. Major efforts should be directed to early identify and overcome resistance and to limit toxicity. The progress in the therapeutic management of NENs grows faster and the choice of the best approach should be based on randomized clinical trials, as well as on long-term, real-world data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Modica
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Alessia Liccardi
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Minotta
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cannavale
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Elio Benevento
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Annamaria Colao
- Endocrinology, Diabetology and Andrology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University of Naples, Naples, Italy
- UNESCO Chair, Education for Health and Sustainable Development, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
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163
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Chen Y, Liu Q, Xing H, Rao Q, Wang M, Mi Y, Wei H, Wang J. Acute myeloid leukemia fusion genes can be found in CD33-negative cells. Int J Lab Hematol 2022; 44:1111-1114. [PMID: 35915999 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.13942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Targeted therapies and immunotherapies are emerging strategies for the treatment of leukemia. CD33 is a common and important therapeutic target for cellular immunotherapy or antibody immunotherapy. Drugs on targeting CD33 are also emerging. However, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) relapse still occurs after treatment with targeted CD33, for which the mechanism is unknown. METHODS We used fluorescence in situ hybridization and real-time polymerase chain reaction to detect the expression of fusion genes in different populations of cells from AML patients. RESULT Fusion gene can be express in CD33 negative cell proportions in newly diagnosed and relapsed AML patients. CONCLUSION There are fusion genes in CD33-negative cells that are might not be cleared by CD33 targeting therapy. And this might be the source of relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Haiyan Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Qing Rao
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingchang Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, Institute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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164
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Liu M, Cai Y, Pan J, Peter K, Li Z. Macrophage polarization as a potential therapeutic target for atherosclerosis: a dynamic stochastic modelling study. R Soc Open Sci 2022; 9:220239. [PMID: 35950200 PMCID: PMC9346359 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.220239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We proposed a dynamic stochastic mathematical model to evaluate the role of macrophage polarization in plaque development. The dynamic process of macrophages from proliferation to death was simulated under different lipid microenvironments. The probability of macrophage phenotypic switching was described using a Bernoulli distribution where the stochastic variable was determined by the local lipid level. Moreover, the interactions between macrophages and microenvironmental factors vary with macrophage phenotype. We investigated the distribution of key microenvironmental factors, the dynamics of macrophage polarization and its influence on foam cell formation. M1 macrophages were found to predominate in advanced plaque corresponding to the exacerbated inflammation observed in mice experiments. The imbalance between the deposition of oxidized low-density lipoprotein and phagocytic effects of macrophages governed the formation of foam cells. Furthermore, we simulated targeted therapies by either directly inhibiting the polarization probability to M1 macrophages or indirectly regulating macrophage polarization due to high-density lipoprotein levels. Comparison of simulation results with experimental findings in both therapies indicated that the intervention and regulation of macrophage polarization could influence plaque microenvironment and subsequently induce plaque regression, especially in the early stage. The proposed modelling system can facilitate the evaluation of novel therapies targeting macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengchen Liu
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cai
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Jichao Pan
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
| | - Karlheinz Peter
- Atherothrombosis and Vascular Biology, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, PO Box 6492, St Kilda Road Central, Melbourne, VIC 8008, Australia
| | - Zhiyong Li
- School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, People's Republic of China
- School of Mechanical, Medical and Process Engineering, Queensland University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
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165
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Prelaj A, Bottiglieri A, Bhat G, Washington R, Calareso G, Greco GF, Ferrara R, Brambilla M, De Toma A, Occhipinti M, Manglaviti S, Soro A, Ganzinelli M, Lo Russo G, Proto C. Case Report: Exceptional Response to Poziotinib in Patient with Metastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer With EGFR Exon 20 Insertion Mutation. Front Oncol 2022; 12:902967. [PMID: 35756673 PMCID: PMC9215205 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.902967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the several next-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) tested against uncommon EFGR alterations, poziotinib has been demonstrated to be a powerful agent for metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer (mNSCLC) with aberrations in HER2 exon 20, and FDA approval is being sought in the previously-treated population. Poziotinib has also shown activity in mNSCLC with aberrations in EGFR exon 20. Herein, we report the first published case of a patient affected by mNSCLC harbouring an EGFR exon 20 insertion (EGFRex20ins) mutation who achieved a complete response (CR) under treatment with poziotinib as part of the ZENITH20 trial. In January 2021, a former smoker 62-year-old female patient was diagnosed with relapse, after two surgeries and post-operative chemotherapy of mNSCLC, at liver and retroperitoneal nodes. Given the identification by Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) of EGFRex20ins mutation, she was enrolled in ZENITH20-cohort 5 trial, a phase 2 multicentre study aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of poziotinib in patients with EGFR or HER2 exon 20 insertion mutations. Poziotinib as first-line systemic therapy for metastatic disease was initiated at the end of January 2021 and administrated at the initial dosage of 8 mg orally twice daily (BID). The most common side effects from the beginning of the treatment included alopecia, macular skin rash, diarrhoea, xerostomia, and conjunctivitis. Due to these adverse events, poziotinib was discontinued during the first 3 months and then reduced to 6 mg orally BID in April 2021. After the dose de-escalation, the adverse events ameliorated, and the patient better tolerated the treatment without further interruption. Since the first reevaluation (after 4 weeks of therapy), the treatment with poziotinib resulted to be remarkably effective, with a partial response (PR) subsequently confirmed in May and July 2021. Then, in October 2021, a CT scan confirmed a CR, maintained with good tolerance at the last reevaluation in February 2022. Treatment is still ongoing at the same dosage. In this case, poziotinib has represented a successful and well-tolerated first-line treatment alternative to chemotherapy in this patient with EGFR exon 20 insertion mutated mNSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arsela Prelaj
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy.,Department of Electronics, Information and Bioengineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Achille Bottiglieri
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Gajanan Bhat
- Research and Development, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Rocky Washington
- Research and Development, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Giuseppina Calareso
- Department of Radiology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Roberto Ferrara
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Brambilla
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro De Toma
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Mario Occhipinti
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Manglaviti
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Alberto Soro
- Postgraduate School of Radiodiagnostics, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Monica Ganzinelli
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lo Russo
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
| | - Claudia Proto
- Medical Oncology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Coradduzza D, Bellu E, Congiargiu A, Pashchenko A, Amler E, Necas A, Carru C, Medici S, Maioli M. Role of Nano-miRNAs in Diagnostics and Therapeutics. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:6836. [PMID: 35743278 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23126836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are key regulators of gene expression, controlling different biological processes such as cellular development, differentiation, proliferation, metabolism, and apoptosis. The relationships between miRNA expression and the onset and progression of different diseases, such as tumours, cardiovascular and rheumatic diseases, and neurological disorders, are well known. A nanotechnology-based approach could match miRNA delivery and detection to move beyond the proof-of-concept stage. Different kinds of nanotechnologies can have a major impact on the diagnosis and treatment of miRNA-related diseases such as cancer. Developing novel methodologies aimed at clinical practice represents a big challenge for the early diagnosis of specific diseases. Within this context, nanotechnology represents a wide emerging area at the forefront of research over the last two decades, whose potential has yet to be fully attained. Nanomedicine, derived from nanotechnology, can exploit the unique properties of nanometer-sized particles for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. Through nanomedicine, specific treatment to counteract only cancer-cell proliferation will be improved, while leaving healthy cells intact. In this review, we dissect the properties of different nanocarriers and their roles in the early detection and treatment of cancer.
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167
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Furfaro AL, Loi G, Ivaldo C, Passalacqua M, Pietra G, Mann GE, Nitti M. HO-1 Limits the Efficacy of Vemurafenib/PLX4032 in BRAF V600E Mutated Melanoma Cells Adapted to Physiological Normoxia or Hypoxia. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:1171. [PMID: 35740068 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11061171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Induction of heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) favors immune-escape in BRAFV600 melanoma cells treated with Vemurafenib/PLX4032 under standard cell culture conditions. However, the oxygen tension under standard culture conditions (~18 kPa O2) is significantly higher than the physiological oxygen levels encountered in vivo. In addition, cancer cells in vivo are often modified by hypoxia. In this study, MeOV-1 primary melanoma cells bearing the BRAFV600E mutation, were adapted to either 5 kPa O2 (physiological normoxia) or 1 kPa O2 (hypoxia) and then exposed to 10 μM PLX4032. PLX4032 abolished ERK phosphorylation, reduced Bach1 expression and increased HO-1 levels independent of pericellular O2 tension. Moreover, cell viability was significantly reduced further in cells exposed to PLX4032 plus Tin mesoporphyrin IX, a HO-1 inhibitor. Notably, our findings provide the first evidence that HO-1 inhibition in combination with PLX4032 under physiological oxygen tension and hypoxia restores and increases the expression of the NK ligands ULBP3 and B7H6 compared to cells exposed to PLX4032 alone. Interestingly, although silencing NRF2 prevented PLX4032 induction of HO-1, other NRF2 targeted genes were unaffected, highlighting a pivotal role of HO-1 in melanoma resistance and immune escape. The present findings may enhance translation and highlight the potential of the HO-1 inhibitors in the therapy of BRAFV600 melanomas.
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Sciumè M, De Magistris C, Galli N, Ferretti E, Milesi G, De Roberto P, Fabris S, Grifoni FI. Target Therapies for Systemic Mastocytosis: An Update. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2022; 15:ph15060738. [PMID: 35745657 PMCID: PMC9229771 DOI: 10.3390/ph15060738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Systemic mastocytosis (SM) results from a clonal proliferation of abnormal mast cells (MCs) in extra-cutaneous organs. It could be divided into indolent SM, smoldering SM, SM with an associated hematologic (non-MC lineage) neoplasm, aggressive SM, and mast cell leukemia. SM is generally associated with the presence of a gain-of-function somatic mutation in KIT at codon 816. Clinical features could be related to MC mediator release or to uncontrolled infiltration of MCs in different organs. Whereas indolent forms have a near-normal life expectancy, advanced diseases have a poor prognosis with short survival times. Indolent forms should be considered for symptom-directed therapy, while cytoreductive therapy represents the first-line treatment for advanced diseases. Since the emergence of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), KIT inhibition has been an attractive approach. Initial reports showed that only the rare KITD816V negative cases were responsive to first-line TKI imatinib. The development of new TKIs with activity against the KITD816V mutation, such as midostaurin or avapritinib, has changed the management of this disease. This review aims to focus on the available clinical data of therapies for SM and provide insights into possible future therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariarita Sciumè
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (P.D.R.); (S.F.); (F.I.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-02-5503-3466
| | - Claudio De Magistris
- Department of Oncology and Oncohaematology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.D.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Nicole Galli
- Department of Oncology and Oncohaematology, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20122 Milan, Italy; (C.D.M.); (N.G.)
| | - Eleonora Ferretti
- Direzione Scientifica, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy;
| | - Giulia Milesi
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (P.D.R.); (S.F.); (F.I.G.)
| | - Pasquale De Roberto
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (P.D.R.); (S.F.); (F.I.G.)
| | - Sonia Fabris
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (P.D.R.); (S.F.); (F.I.G.)
| | - Federica Irene Grifoni
- Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, 20122 Milan, Italy; (G.M.); (P.D.R.); (S.F.); (F.I.G.)
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Chen W, Hu Z, Song J, Wu Y, Zhang B, Zhang L. The state of therapy modalities in clinic for biliary tract cancer. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed) 2022; 27:185. [PMID: 35748261 DOI: 10.31083/j.fbl2706185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTCs) include intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), perihilar and distal cholangiocarcinoma (pCCA and dCCA), and gallbladder carcinoma based on the epithelial site of origin. BTCs are highly aggressive tumors associated with poor prognosis due to widespread metastasis and high recurrence. Surgery is the typical curative-intent treatment, yet the cornerstone of cure depends on the anatomical site of the primary tumor, and only a minority of patients (approximately 30%) has an indication necessitating surgery. Similarly, only a small subset of carefully selected patients with early iCCA who are not candidates for liver resection can opt for liver transplantation. Chemotherapy, target therapy, and immunotherapy are the main treatment options for patients who have advanced stage or unresectable disease. The genetic background of each cholangiocarcinoma subtype has been accurately described based on whole gene exome and transcriptome sequencing. Accordingly, precision medicine in targeted therapies has been identified to be aimed at distinct patient subgroups harboring unique molecular alterations. Immunotherapy such as immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) was identified as antitumor responses in a minority of select patients. Current studies indicate that immunotherapy of adoptive cell therapy represents a promising approach in hematological and solid tumor malignancies, yet clinical trials are needed to validate its effectiveness in BTC. Herein, we review the progress of BTC treatment, stratified patients according to the anatomic subtypes of cholangiocarcinoma and the gene drivers of cholangiocarcinoma progression, and compare the efficacy and safety of chemotherapy, targeted therapy, and immunotherapy, which will be conducive to the design of individualized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixun Chen
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhengnan Hu
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jia Song
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yu Wu
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bixiang Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Hepatic Surgery Centre, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 430030 Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Shanxi Bethune Hospital, Shanxi Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanxi Medical University; Shanxi Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 030032 Taiyuan, Shanxi, China
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170
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Gullo G, Rubatto M, Fava P, Brizio M, Tonella L, Ribero S, Medri M, Avallone G, Mastorino L, Fierro MT, Stanganelli I, Quaglino P. Cutaneous side effects and types of dermatological reactions in metastatic melanoma patients treated by immunotherapies or targeted therapies: A retrospective single center study. Dermatol Ther 2022; 35:e15492. [PMID: 35384181 PMCID: PMC9287008 DOI: 10.1111/dth.15492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Immunotherapy and target therapy have revolutionized treatment of stage III/IV melanoma. Both treatments show a favorable toxicity profile even if cutaneous adverse events (AEs) are frequent (30%-40% of cases). This is a retrospective single center cohort study that included patients with stage IV or inoperable stage III metastatic melanoma (AJCC 8th) who received BRAFi + MEKi therapy or immunotherapy with Checkpoint inhibitors. All cutaneous AEs were ascertained by a dermatologist based on clinical and histological findings. The primary outcome was to provide a detailed clinical dermatological classification of cutaneous adverse events and an evaluation of the incidence of skin toxicity in the two arms of therapy (immunotherapy and target therapy). A total of 286 patients with stages III-IV metastatic melanoma were included: 146 received immunotherapy and 140 target therapy. In the immunotherapy cohort, 63 (43.1%) cutaneous reactions were observed while 33 skin reactions (23.6%) were identified in patients treated with target therapy. All the skin toxicities observed were grade I, excepted four cases: an erythema multiforme-like eruption, a grade III psoriasis and two grade III maculopapular rashes. Immunotherapy in older age resulted statistically related to skin toxicities (p = 0.011), meanly in metastatic setting (p = 0.011). Cumulative incidence of skin toxicities was 65.63% in immunotherapy cohort (p = 0.001). Also multivariate logistic regression shows a significant association between skin adverse events and immunotherapy (odds ratio [OR] = 0.50; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.29-0.85, p: 0.01) and between cutaneous AEs and metastatic setting (OR = 1.97; 95% CI: 1.04-3.74, p: 0.04). We have also shown that as the age of initiation of therapy increases the probability of developing skin toxicity grows. However, stratifying by type of therapies the effect of age persists only in immunotherapy (OD: 1.04; CI: 1.01-1.06; p: 0.04) while for target therapy age does not affect the onset of skin toxicity (OD 1.01; CI 0.98-1.04; p = 0.42). No differences were shown between patients on target therapy and immunotherapy regarding gender. Patients were also evaluated regarding concomitant therapies and seems that Levotyroxine may be involved in AEs during immunotherapy treatment. More studies are needed to deepen this aspect, also considering the medical history and diverse drug associations. Cutaneous adverse events are characterized by heterogeneous manifestations, are more often seen in patients on immunotherapy and dermatologists can play a crucial role in multidisciplinary care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Gullo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Marco Rubatto
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Paolo Fava
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Matteo Brizio
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Luca Tonella
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Simone Ribero
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Matelda Medri
- Skin Cancer UnitIstituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)MeldolaItaly
| | - Gianluca Avallone
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Luca Mastorino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Maria Teresa Fierro
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
| | - Ignazio Stanganelli
- Skin Cancer UnitIstituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST), Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS)MeldolaItaly
- Medicine and Surgery DepartmentUniversity of ParmaParmaItaly
| | - Pietro Quaglino
- Department of Medical Sciences, Dermatologic ClinicUniversity of TurinTorinoItaly
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171
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Huang Y, Wang T, Yang J, Wu X, Fan W, Chen J. Current Strategies for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Modulating the Tumor Microenvironment via Nano-Delivery Systems: A Review. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:2335-2352. [PMID: 35619893 PMCID: PMC9128750 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s363456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Liver cancer remains a global health challenge with a projected incidence of over one million cases by 2025. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a common primary liver cancer, accounting for about 90% of all liver cancer cases. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the internal and external environment for tumor development, which plays an important role in tumorigenesis, immune escape and treatment resistance. Knowing that TME is a unique setting for HCC tumorigenesis, exploration of strategies to modulate TME has attracted increasing attention. Among them, the use of nano-delivery systems to deliver therapeutic agents to regulate TME components has shown great potential. TME-modulating nanoparticles have the advantages of protecting therapeutic agents from degradation, enhancing the ability of targeting HCC and reducing systemic toxicity. In this article, we summarize the TME components associated with HCC, including cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), extracellular matrix (ECM), endothelial cells and immune cells, discuss their impact on the HCC progression, and highlight recent studies on nano-delivery systems that modulate these components. Finally, we also discuss opportunities and challenges in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjie Huang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tiansi Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiefen Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China.,Shanghai Wei Er Lab, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Fan
- Seventh People's Hospital of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianming Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, People's Republic of China
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172
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Petrini I, Sollini M, Bartoli F, Barachini S, Montali M, Pardini E, Burzi IS, Erba PA. ED-B-Containing Isoform of Fibronectin in Tumor Microenvironment of Thymomas: A Target for a Theragnostic Approach. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14112592. [PMID: 35681572 PMCID: PMC9179240 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14112592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The extra-domain B fibronectin (ED-B FN) is highly expressed in thymic epithelial tumors (TETs), as demonstrated by in vivo targeting using 131I-labeled L19 small immunoprotein (131I-L19-SIP) and immunohistochemistry with a predominant expression by stromal cells of a thymoma microenvironment rather than epithelial cells. Such high expression derived from the induction of stromal cells shifts FN production to the ED-B subtype. Our results suggest that Radretumab radioimmunotherapy (R-RIT) inefficacy is not related to low TET ED-B expression but to multifactorial aspects including patients’ inherent characteristics, the pattern expression of the target, the biological characteristics of the tumor, and the format of the target agent, which contribute to the resistance of tumor cells to treatment. Abstract Aim: to exploit tissue-specific interactions among thymic epithelial tumor (TETs) cells and extra-domain B fibronectin (ED-B FN). Material and methods: The stromal pattern of ED-B FN expression was investigated through tumor specimen collection and molecular profiling in 11 patients with recurrent TETs enrolled in prospective theragnostic phase I/II trials with Radretumab, an ED-B FN specific recombinant human antibody. Radretumab radioimmunotherapy (R-RIT) was offered to patients who exhibited the target expression. Experiments included immunochemical analysis (ICH), cell cultures, immunophenotypic analysis, Western blot, slot-blot assay, and quantitative RT-PCR of two primary thymoma cultures we obtained from patients’ samples and in the Ty82 cell line. Results: The in vivo scintigraphic demonstration of ED-B FN expression resulted in R-RIT eligibility in 8/11 patients, of which seven were treated. The best observed response was disease stabilization (n = 5/7) with a duration of 4.3 months (range 3–5 months). IHC data confirmed high ED-B FN expression in the peripherical microenvironment rather than in the center of the tumor, which was more abundant in B3 thymomas. Further, there was a predominant expression of ED-B FN by the stromal cells of the thymoma microenvironment rather than the epithelial cells. Conclusions: Our data support the hypothesis that thymomas induce stromal cells to shift FN production to the ED-B subtype, likely representing a favorable hallmark for tumor progression and metastasis. Collectively, results derived from clinical experience and molecular insights of the in vitro experiments suggested that R-RIT inefficacy is unlikely related to low target expression in TET, being the mechanism of R-RIT resistance eventually related to patients’ susceptibility (i.e., inherent characteristics), the pattern expression of the target (i.e., at periphery), the biological characteristics of the tumor (i.e., aggressive and resistant phenotypes), and/or to format of the target agent (i.e., 131I-L19-SIP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Iacopo Petrini
- General Pathology, Department of Translational Research & New Technologies in Surgery and Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56100 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Martina Sollini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Pieve Emanuele, 20090 Milan, Italy;
- Diagnostic Imaging Department, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Rozzano, 20089 Milan, Italy
| | - Francesco Bartoli
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Serena Barachini
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (I.S.B.)
| | - Marina Montali
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (I.S.B.)
| | - Eleonora Pardini
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (I.S.B.)
| | - Irene Sofia Burzi
- Laboratory of Hematology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy; (S.B.); (M.M.); (E.P.); (I.S.B.)
| | - Paola Anna Erba
- Regional Center of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Translational Research and New Technology in Medicine, University of Pisa and Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana, 56126 Pisa, Italy;
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Medical Imaging Centre, University Medical Center Groningen, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-050-992115
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Deng B, Jia LQ, Wan DG, Wang BY, Cheng ZQ, Deng C. Efficacy of Wen-Luo-Tong on Peripheral Neuropathy Induced by Chemotherapy or Target Therapy: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Chin J Integr Med 2022; 28:579-585. [PMID: 35583581 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-022-3575-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the efficacy of Wen-Luo-Tong Granules (WLT) local administration in the treatment of patients with peripheral neuropathy (PN) induced by chemotherapy or target therapy. METHODS This study is a randomized, double-blinded, and placebo-controlled trial. Seventy-eight patients with PN induced by chemotherapy or target therapy were enrolled from China-Japan Friendship Hospital between July 2019 and January 2020. They were randomly assigned to WLT (39 cases) and control groups (39 cases) using a block randomization method. The WLT group received WLT (hand and foot bath) plus oral Mecobalamin for 1 week, while the control group received placebo plus oral Mecobalamin. The primary endpoint was PN grade evaluated by the National Cancer Institute-Common Toxicity Criteria for Adverse Events (NCI-CTCAE). The secondary endpoints included quantitative touch-detection threshold, neuropathy symptoms, Quality of Life Questionnaire-Chemotherapy Induced Peripheral Neuropathy (QLQ-CIPN20), and Quality of Life Questionnaire-Core30 (QLQ-C30). RESULTS After treatment, the PN grade in the WLT group was significantly lower than that in the control group (1.00 ± 0.29 vs. 1.75 ± 0.68, P<0.01). The total effective rate in the WLT group was significantly higher than that in the control group (82.05% vs. 51.28%, P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the touch-detection thresholds at fingertips, neuropathy symptom score, QLQ-CIPN 20 (sensory scale, motor scale, autonomic scale, and sum score), and QLQ-C30 (physical functioning, role functioning, emotional functioning, and global health) in the WLT group significantly improved after treatment (P<0.01 or P<0.05). CONCLUSION WLT local administration was significantly effective in the treatment of patients with PN induced by chemotherapy or target therapy. (Trial registration No. ChiCTR1900023862).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Deng
- Center of Science and Technology, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Li-Qun Jia
- Integrative Oncology Department of Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Dong-Gui Wan
- Integrative Oncology Department of Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Bao-Yi Wang
- Integrative Oncology Department of Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Cheng
- Integrative Oncology Department of Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Chao Deng
- Integrative Oncology Department of Chinese Medicine and Western Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, 100029, China
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174
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Foglizzo V, Marchiò S. Nanoparticles as Physically- and Biochemically-Tuned Drug Formulations for Cancers Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14102473. [PMID: 35626078 PMCID: PMC9139219 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14102473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Conventional antitumor drugs have limitations, including poor water solubility and lack of targeting capability, with consequent non-specific distribution, systemic toxicity, and low therapeutic index. Nanotechnology promises to overcome these drawbacks by exploiting the physical properties of diverse nanocarriers that can be linked to moieties with binding selectivity for cancer cells. The use of nanoparticles as therapeutic formulations allows a targeted delivery and a slow, controlled release of the drug(s), making them tunable modules for applications in precision medicine. In addition, nanoparticles are also being developed as cancer vaccines, offering an opportunity to increase both cellular and humoral immunity, thus providing a new weapon to beat cancer. Abstract Malignant tumors originate from a combination of genetic alterations, which induce activation of oncogenes and inactivation of oncosuppressor genes, ultimately resulting in uncontrolled growth and neoplastic transformation. Chemotherapy prevents the abnormal proliferation of cancer cells, but it also affects the entire cellular network in the human body with heavy side effects. For this reason, the ultimate aim of cancer therapy remains to selectively kill cancer cells while sparing their normal counterparts. Nanoparticle formulations have the potential to achieve this aim by providing optimized drug delivery to a pathological site with minimal accumulation in healthy tissues. In this review, we will first describe the characteristics of recently developed nanoparticles and how their physical properties and targeting functionalization are exploited depending on their therapeutic payload, route of delivery, and tumor type. Second, we will analyze how nanoparticles can overcome multidrug resistance based on their ability to combine different therapies and targeting moieties within a single formulation. Finally, we will discuss how the implementation of these strategies has led to the generation of nanoparticle-based cancer vaccines as cutting-edge instruments for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Foglizzo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA;
| | - Serena Marchiò
- Department of Oncology, University of Torino, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Candiolo Cancer Institute, FPO-IRCCS, 10060 Candiolo, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-01199333239
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175
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Qian H, Yan N, Hu X, Jiang J, Cao Z, Shen D. Molecular Portrait of GISTs Associated With Clinicopathological Features: A Retrospective Study With Molecular Analysis by a Custom 9-Gene Targeted Next-Generation Sequencing Panel. Front Genet 2022; 13:864499. [PMID: 35547262 PMCID: PMC9081536 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.864499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The study aims to investigate genetic characterization of molecular targets and clinicopathological features with gastrointestinal stromal tumors based on targeted next-generation sequencing. Materials and Methods: We selected 106 patients with GISTs from Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital between July 2019 and March 2021. FFPE samples and paired blood samples were obtained from these patients who underwent excision of the tumor. A customized targeted-NGS panel of nine GIST-associated genes was designed to detect variants in the coding regions and the splicing sites of these genes. Results: In total, 106 patients with a GIST were included in the study which presented with various molecular driver alterations in this study. KIT mutations occurred most often in GISTs (94/106, 95.92%), followed by point mutations in PDGFRA. KIT or PDGFRA mutations were detected to be mutually exclusive in the GIST. A total of eight patients with wide-type KIT/PDGFRA were characterized as WT-GISTs, according to clinical diagnosis which included six quadruple-WT GISTs, 1 BRAF-mutant, and 1 NF1-mutant GIST. In KIT exon 11, the most common mutation type was the codon Mutation (in-frame deletion or indels), whereas the missense mutation was the dominant type in KIT exon 13 and KIT exon 17. All variations in KIT exon 11 observed in this study were concentrated at a certain position of codon 550 to codon 576. Mutation in KIT exon 9 was mostly located at codon 502–503. Two germline pathogenic mutations were detected: NF1-R681* and KRAS-T58I. NF1-L591P was a germline mutation to be identified for the first time and is not recorded in the database. The frequency of driving mutations differed between the primary anatomical site in the GIST (p = 0.0206). KIT exon 11 mutants had a lower proliferation index of Ki67 (68.66%,≤5%), while 50.00% of KIT exon 9 mutants had the Ki67 status greater than 10%. Conclusion: The occurrence and development of a GIST is driven by different molecular variations. Resistance to TKIs arises mainly with resistance mutations in KIT or PDGFRA when they are the primary drivers. Targeted NGS can simultaneously and efficiently detect nine GIST-related gene mutations and provide reference for clinicians’ individualized diagnosis and treatment. Our results have important implications for clinical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoran Qian
- Department of General Surgery, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Na Yan
- Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical in Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaotong Hu
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junchang Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhengzheng Cao
- Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical in Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan Shen
- Dian Diagnostics Group Co., Ltd., Hangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical in Vitro Diagnostic Techniques of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China
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176
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Merz V, Mangiameli D, Zecchetto C, Quinzii A, Pietrobono S, Messina C, Casalino S, Gaule M, Pesoni C, Vitale P, Trentin C, Frisinghelli M, Caffo O, Melisi D. Predictive Biomarkers for a Personalized Approach in Resectable Pancreatic Cancer. Front Surg 2022; 9:866173. [PMID: 35599791 PMCID: PMC9114435 DOI: 10.3389/fsurg.2022.866173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mainstay treatment for patients with immediate resectable pancreatic cancer remains upfront surgery, which represents the only potentially curative strategy. Nevertheless, the majority of patients surgically resected for pancreatic cancer experiences disease relapse, even when a combination adjuvant therapy is offered. Therefore, aiming at improving disease free survival and overall survival of these patients, there is an increasing interest in evaluating the activity and efficacy of neoadjuvant and perioperative treatments. In this view, it is of utmost importance to find biomarkers able to select patients who may benefit from a preoperative therapy rather than upfront surgical resection. Defined genomic alterations and a dynamic inflammatory microenvironment are the major culprits for disease recurrence and resistance to chemotherapeutic treatments in pancreatic cancer patients. Signal transduction pathways or tumor immune microenvironment could predict early recurrence and response to chemotherapy. In the last decade, distinct molecular subtypes of pancreatic cancer have been described, laying the bases to a tailored therapeutic approach, started firstly in the treatment of advanced disease. Patients with homologous repair deficiency, in particular with mutant germline BRCA genes, represent the first subgroup demonstrating to benefit from specific therapies. A fraction of patients with pancreatic cancer could take advantage of genome sequencing with the aim of identifying possible targetable mutations. These genomic driven strategies could be even more relevant in a potentially curative setting. In this review, we outline putative predictive markers that could help in the next future in tailoring the best therapeutic strategy for pancreatic cancer patients with a potentially curable disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Merz
- Medical Oncology Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Domenico Mangiameli
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Zecchetto
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics Clinical Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Quinzii
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics Clinical Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Pietrobono
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Simona Casalino
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics Clinical Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Marina Gaule
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics Clinical Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Camilla Pesoni
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics Clinical Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | | | - Chiara Trentin
- Medical Oncology Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | | | - Orazio Caffo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Santa Chiara Hospital, Trento, Italy
| | - Davide Melisi
- Digestive Molecular Clinical Oncology Research Unit, Università degli Studi di Verona, Verona, Italy
- Investigational Cancer Therapeutics Clinical Unit, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
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177
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Zhao R, Pan Z, Li B, Zhao S, Zhang S, Qi Y, Qiu J, Gao Z, Fan Y, Guo Q, Qiu W, Wang S, Wang Q, Zhang P, Guo X, Deng L, Xue H, Li G. Comprehensive Analysis of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment Landscape in Glioblastoma Reveals Tumor Heterogeneity and Implications for Prognosis and Immunotherapy. Front Immunol 2022; 13:820673. [PMID: 35309323 PMCID: PMC8924366 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.820673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Glioblastoma (GBM) is a fatal brain tumor with no effective treatment. The specific GBM tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) may contribute to resistance to immunotherapy, a tumor therapy with great potential. Thus, an in-depth understanding of the characteristics of tumor-infiltrating immune cells is essential for exploring biomarkers in GBM pathogenesis and immunotherapy. Methods We estimated the relative abundances of 25 immune cell types in 796 GBM samples using single sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA). Unsupervised clustering was used to identify different GBM-associated TIME immune cell infiltration (GTMEI) patterns. The GTMEIscore system was constructed with principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the immune infiltration pattern of individual tumors. Results We revealed three distinct GTMEI patterns with different clinical outcomes and modulated biological pathways. We developed a scoring system (GTMEIscore) to determine the immune infiltration pattern of individual tumors. We comprehensively analyzed the genomic characteristics, molecular subtypes and clinicopathological features as well as proteomic, phosphoproteomic, acetylomic, lipidomic and metabolomic properties associated with the GTMEIscore and revealed many novel dysregulated pathways and precise targets in GBM. Moreover, the GTMEIscore accurately quantified the immune status of many other cancer types. Clinically, the GTMEIscore was found to have significant potential therapeutic value for chemotherapy/radiotherapy, immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) therapy and targeted therapy. Conclusions For the first time, we employed a multilevel and multiplatform strategy to construct a multidimensional molecular map of tumors with different immune infiltration patterns. These results may provide theoretical basises for identifying more effective predictive biomarkers and developing more effective drug combination strategies or novel immunotherapeutic agents for GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongrong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ziwen Pan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Boyan Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shulin Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shouji Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanhua Qi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Jiawei Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Zijie Gao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yang Fan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qindong Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Wei Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shaobo Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qingtong Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xing Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine and Institute of Brain and Brain-Inspired Science, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Key Laboratory of Brain Function Remodeling, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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178
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Pire A, Orbach D, Galmiche L, Berrebi D, Irtan S, Boudjemaa S, Brisse HJ, Berteloot L, Moalla S, Mussini C, Philippe-Chomette P, Tilea B, Pierron G, Guerin F, Minard-Colin V, Sarnacki S. Clinical, pathologic, and molecular features of inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors in children and adolescents. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29460. [PMID: 34854544 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors (IMT) are rare, intermediate malignant tumors harboring frequent somatic molecular rearrangements. The management of IMT has not been standardized. METHODS A retrospective multicenter study was conducted on all pediatric patients treated for IMT between 2000 and 2019. RESULTS This series included 39 cases of IMT, with a median age at diagnosis of 7 years (range 20 days to 16 years). Tumor location included pelvis-abdomen (n = 16), thorax (n = 14), head and neck (n = 7), and limbs (n = 2). One patient had metastatic disease. Immunochemistry showed 21/39 (54%) anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK)-positive tumors. Somatic tyrosine kinase rearrangement was present in 31/36 (86%) of the tumors analyzed: 21 ALK, five ROS1, and five NTRK. Immediate surgery was performed in 24 patients (62%), with adjuvant therapy for three patients. Delayed surgery after neoadjuvant therapy was possible in 10 cases. Exclusive systemic therapy was delivered to four patients; one patient with orbital IMT was managed by watchful waiting. After a median follow-up of 33 months (range 5-124), eight (20%) recurrences/progressions occurred after surgery (seven after primary surgery and one after delayed surgery), after a median interval of 7 months (range 2-21), all in thoracic locations. The 3-year overall and disease-free survivals were 96.8% (95% CI: 79.2%-94.0%) and 77.4% (95% CI: 59.6%-88.1%), respectively. Relapses/progressions were more common in patients with a thoracic primary (p < .001) or after incomplete surgery with no adjuvant therapy (p = .027). CONCLUSION Surgery is effective in most cases of pediatric IMT. Systematic analysis of tyrosine kinase rearrangement is recommended. When the tumor is deemed only partially resectable to preserve organs and function, neoadjuvant therapy may be proposed to allow adequate conservative surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurore Pire
- Department of Paediatric Surgery and Abdominal Transplantation, ,Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Orbach
- SIREDO Oncology Center (Care, Innovation and Research for Children and AYA with Cancer), PSL Research University, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Louise Galmiche
- Department of pathology, University Hospital of Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Sabine Irtan
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Hopital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | - Sabah Boudjemaa
- Department of Pathology, Hopital Armand Trousseau, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Salma Moalla
- Department of Imaging, Institut Gustave Roussy, Paris, France
| | - Charlotte Mussini
- Department of Pathology, Hopital Kremlin Bicêtre, Pathology, Paris, France
| | | | - Bogdana Tilea
- Department of Imaging, Hopital Robert Debré, Paris, France
| | - Gaelle Pierron
- Institut Curie, Unité de Génétique Somatique, Paris, France
| | - Florent Guerin
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Hôpital Kremlin Bicêtre, Paris, France
| | - Véronique Minard-Colin
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, INSERM U1015, Gustave Roussy, Université Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Sabine Sarnacki
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, Hôpital Universitaire Necker-Enfants Malades, Université de Paris, Paris, France
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179
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Yu Q, Aimaier R, Chung MH, Cui X, Li Y, Wang Z, Li Q. Establishment and characterization of an immortalized human giant congenital melanocytic nevi cell line. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2022; 35:356-368. [PMID: 35218152 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.13033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Treatments for giant congenital melanocytic nevi (GCMN) are extremely limited. Thus, there is an urgent need for development of relevant targeted therapies. However, current lack of preclinical cell models restricts progress in GCMN research. In this study, we aimed to establish and characterize an immortalized GCMN cell line. GCMN cells were successfully immortalized by means of lentivirus-mediated simian virus 40 large T transfection. The immortalized GNC cell line (ImGNC) showed lower proliferation rate and higher melanin content than primary melanocytes. Expression levels of the differentiation gene MITF and stemness genes TWIST1, SNAI1, and FOXD3 were elevated in ImGNCs; however, the established ImGNC cell line was immortalized but not transformed. Sanger sequencing detected the heterozygous NRASQ61K mutation in ImGNCs, but not the BRAFV600E mutation. Despite carrying the NRASQ61K allele, ImGNCs demonstrated suppressed MAPK activation and elevated PI3K/Akt activation, as compared with primary melanocytes. Drug sensitivity analysis showed that ImGNCs are more sensitive to PI3K/Akt and Bcl-2 inhibitors than to MEK or ERK inhibitors. Unlike the proliferation-inhibiting effect of PI3K/Akt inhibitors, the Bcl-2 inhibitor navitoclax promptly promoted apoptosis in ImGNCs. Considering the low proliferation characteristics of GCMN in vivo, Bcl-2 may be a potential therapeutic target that warrants further research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingxiong Yu
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Rehanguli Aimaier
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Man-Hon Chung
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiwei Cui
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuehua Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhichao Wang
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingfeng Li
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
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180
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Cortesi M, Soresina A, Dotta L, Gorio C, Cattalini M, Lougaris V, Porta F, Badolato R. Pathogenesis of Autoimmune Cytopenias in Inborn Errors of Immunity Revealing Novel Therapeutic Targets. Front Immunol 2022; 13:846660. [PMID: 35464467 PMCID: PMC9019165 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.846660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are usually associated with environmental triggers and genetic predisposition. However, a few number of autoimmune diseases has a monogenic cause, mostly in children. These diseases may be the expression, isolated or associated with other symptoms, of an underlying inborn error of immunity (IEI). Autoimmune cytopenias (AICs), including immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA), autoimmune neutropenia (AN), and Evans’ syndrome (ES) are common presentations of immunological diseases in the pediatric age, with at least 65% of cases of ES genetically determined. Autoimmune cytopenias in IEI have often a more severe, chronic, and relapsing course. Treatment refractoriness also characterizes autoimmune cytopenia with a monogenic cause, such as IEI. The mechanisms underlying autoimmune cytopenias in IEI include cellular or humoral autoimmunity, immune dysregulation in cases of hemophagocytosis or lymphoproliferation with or without splenic sequestration, bone marrow failure, myelodysplasia, or secondary myelosuppression. Genetic characterization of autoimmune cytopenias is of fundamental importance as an early diagnosis improves the outcome and allows the setting up of a targeted therapy, such as CTLA-4 IgG fusion protein (Abatacept), small molecule inhibitors (JAK-inhibitors), or gene therapy. Currently, gene therapy represents one of the most attractive targeted therapeutic approaches to treat selected inborn errors of immunity. Even in the absence of specific targeted therapies, however, whole exome genetic testing (WES) for children with chronic multilineage cytopenias should be considered as an early diagnostic tool for disease diagnosis and genetic counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuela Cortesi
- Paediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST- Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Annarosa Soresina
- Paediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST- Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Laura Dotta
- Paediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST- Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Gorio
- Paediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST- Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Cattalini
- Paediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST- Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Vassilios Lougaris
- Paediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST- Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Fulvio Porta
- Paediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST- Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Raffaele Badolato
- Paediatrics Clinic and Institute for Molecular Medicine A. Nocivelli, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, ASST- Spedali Civili of Brescia, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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181
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Fuso P, Muratore M, D’Angelo T, Paris I, Carbognin L, Tiberi G, Pavese F, Duranti S, Orlandi A, Tortora G, Scambia G, Fabi A. PI3K Inhibitors in Advanced Breast Cancer: The Past, The Present, New Challenges and Future Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:2161. [PMID: 35565291 PMCID: PMC9103982 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14092161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of death in the female population and despite significant efforts made in diagnostic approaches and treatment strategies adopted for advanced breast cancer, the disease still remains incurable. Therefore, development of more effective systemic treatments constitutes a crucial need. Recently, several clinical trials were performed to find innovative predictive biomarkers and to improve the outcome of metastatic breast cancer through innovative therapeutic algorithms. In the pathogenesis of breast cancer, the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (PKB/AKT)-mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) axis is a key regulator of cell proliferation, growth, survival, metabolism, and motility, making it an interest and therapeutic target. Nevertheless, the PI3K/AKT/mTOR cascade includes a complex network of biological events, needing more sophisticated approaches for their use in cancer treatment. In this review, we described the rationale for targeting the PI3K pathway, the development of PI3K inhibitors and the future treatment directions of different breast cancer subtypes in the metastatic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Fuso
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Margherita Muratore
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Tatiana D’Angelo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Unit of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (T.D.); (A.O.); (G.T.)
| | - Ida Paris
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Luisa Carbognin
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Giordana Tiberi
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Francesco Pavese
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
| | - Simona Duranti
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Armando Orlandi
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Unit of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (T.D.); (A.O.); (G.T.)
| | - Giampaolo Tortora
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Unit of Medical Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (T.D.); (A.O.); (G.T.)
- Medical Oncology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scambia
- Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health, Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy; (M.M.); (I.P.); (L.C.); (G.T.); (F.P.); (G.S.)
- Scientific Directorate, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
- Istituto di Ginecologia e Ostetricia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 00168 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Fabi
- Precision Medicine in Breast Cancer Unit, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, 00168 Rome, Italy;
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182
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D'Alessandro R, Refolo MG, Schirizzi A, De Leonardis G, Donghia R, Guerra V, Giannelli G, Lolli IR, Laterza MM, De Vita F, Messa C, Lotesoriere C. Variations in Circulating Levels of Angiopoietin-2 Over Time Are Predictive of Ramucirumab-Paclitaxel Therapy Outcome in Advanced Gastric Cancer: Results of Prospective Study. Front Oncol 2022; 12:862116. [PMID: 35463372 PMCID: PMC9019360 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.862116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of paclitaxel and ramucirumab is the second-line therapy of choice in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer. To date, no biomarkers are available in gastric cancer to predict the outcome of antiangiogenic therapy. The present prospective study included 35 patients undergoing second-line therapy with ramucirumab and paclitaxel. Serum samples were systematically collected from the beginning of therapy and at each cycle until disease progression. Multiplex analysis of a panel of angiogenic factors identified markers for which the changes at defined time intervals were significantly different in patients with progression-free survival ≤3 (Rapid Progression Group) compared to those with progression-free survival >3 (Control Disease Group). Comparative analysis revealed significantly different results in the two groups of patients for VEGFC and Angiopoietin-2, both involved in angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. VEGFC increased in the progressive-disease group, while it decreased in the control-disease group. This decrease persisted beyond the third cycle, and it was statistically significant compared to the basal level in patients with longer progression-free survival. Angiopoietin-2 decreased significantly after 2 months of therapy. At progression time, there was a significant increase in VEGFC and Angiopoietin-2, suggesting the activation pathways counteracting the blockade of VEGFR2 by ramucirumab. Overall results showed that a greater change in VEGFC and Angiopoietin-2 levels measured at the beginning of the third cycle of therapy corresponded to a lower risk of progression and thus to longer progression-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba D'Alessandro
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Maria Grazia Refolo
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Annalisa Schirizzi
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Giampiero De Leonardis
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Rossella Donghia
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Vito Guerra
- National Institute of Gastroenterology, "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Giannelli
- Scientific Direction, National Institute of Gastroenterology "Saverio de Bellis", Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Ivan Roberto Lolli
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology, "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Maria Maddalena Laterza
- Complex Operating Unit Oncologia, Local Health Authority Napoli 2 Nord, P.O. "S.M. delle Grazie", Naples, Italy
| | - Ferdinando De Vita
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Precision Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Study of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Caterina Messa
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, National Institute of Gastroenterology, "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
| | - Claudio Lotesoriere
- Medical Oncology Unit, National Institute of Gastroenterology, "Saverio de Bellis" Research Hospital, Castellana Grotte, Italy
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183
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Alessandrini L, Astolfi L, Franz L, Gentilin E, Mazzoni A, Zanoletti E, Marioni G. Temporal Bone Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Molecular Markers Involved in Carcinogenesis, Behavior, and Prognosis: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:4536. [PMID: 35562926 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Temporal bone squamous cell carcinoma (TBSCC) is an uncommon malignancy with a poor prognosis in advanced cases. The dismal outcome of advanced TBSSC cases is largely due to the cancer’s local aggressiveness and the complex anatomy of this region, as well as to persistent pitfalls in diagnosis and treatment. Molecular changes occur in malignancies before any morphological changes become visible, and are responsible for the disease’s clinical behavior. The main purpose of this critical systematic review is to assess the level of knowledge on the molecular markers involved in the biology, behavior, and prognosis of TBSCC. A search (updated to March 2022) was run in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases without publication date limits for studies investigating molecular markers in cohorts of patients with primary TBSCC. The search terms used were: “temporal bone” OR “external auditory canal” OR “ear”, AND “cancer” OR “carcinoma” OR “malignancy”. We preliminarily decided not to consider series with less than five cases. Twenty-four case series of TBSCC were found in which different analytical techniques had been used to study the role of several biomarkers. In conclusion, only very limited information on the prognostic role of molecular markers in TBSCC are currently available; prospective, multi-institutional, international prognostic studies should be planned to identify the molecular markers involved in the clinical behavior and prognosis of TBSCC. A further, more ambitious goal would be to find targets for therapeutic agents able to improve disease-specific survival in patients with advanced TBSCC.
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184
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Zhang L, Ke W, Zhao X, Lu Z. Resina Draconis extract exerts anti-HCC effects through METTL3-m6A-Survivin axis. Phytother Res 2022; 36:2542-2557. [PMID: 35443090 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.7467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide. Herbal medicines have become an important treasure reservoir for anti-HCC drugs because of their high efficiency and low toxicity. Herein, we investigated whether a 75% ethanol extract from Resina Draconis (ERD) exhibited comprehensive anti-HCC effects both in vivo and in vitro. We revealed that ERD effectively inhibited proliferation and triggered apoptosis of HCC cells in a dose- and time-dependent maner, posing no apparent apoptotic toxicity to normal liver cells. Moreover, ERD significantly inhibited the migration, invasion and metastasis of HCC cells. Importantly, ERD treatment effectively inhibited the growth of xenograft HCC in nude mice with low toxicity and low side effects. Molecular mechanism analysis showed that ERD strongly reduced the expression of anti-apoptotic protein Survivin, ultimately leading to the cleavage activation of apoptosis executive proteins such as Caspase 3 and Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Survivin gene silencing apparently sensitized the apoptotic effect induced by ERD. Further experiments revealed that ERD inhibited N6-methyladenosine (m6 A) modification in Survivin mRNA by downregulating Methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3) expression and reducing the binding rate of METTL3 and Survivin mRNA. Together, our findings suggest that ERD can be severed as a novel anti-HCC natural product by targeting METTL3-m6 A-Survivin axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiwei Ke
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Xiangxuan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zaiming Lu
- Department of Radiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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185
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Andreozzi F, Massaro F, Wittnebel S, Spilleboudt C, Lewalle P, Salaroli A. New Perspectives in Treating Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Driving towards a Patient-Tailored Strategy. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:3887. [PMID: 35409248 PMCID: PMC8999556 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23073887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, intensive chemotherapy (IC) has been considered the best therapeutic option for treating acute myeloid leukemia (AML), with no curative option available for patients who are not eligible for IC or who have had failed IC. Over the last few years, several new drugs have enriched the therapeutic arsenal of AML treatment for both fit and unfit patients, raising new opportunities but also new challenges. These include the already approved venetoclax, the IDH1/2 inhibitors enasidenib and ivosidenib, gemtuzumab ozogamicin, the liposomal daunorubicin/cytarabine formulation CPX-351, and oral azacitidine. Venetoclax, an anti BCL2-inhibitor, in combination with hypomethylating agents (HMAs), has markedly improved the management of unfit and elderly patients from the perspective of improved quality of life and better survival. Venetoclax is currently under investigation in combination with other old and new drugs in early phase trials. Recently developed drugs with different mechanisms of action and new technologies that have already been investigated in other settings (BiTE and CAR-T cells) are currently being explored in AML, and ongoing trials should determine promising agents, more synergic combinations, and better treatment strategies. Access to new drugs and inclusion in clinical trials should be strongly encouraged to provide scientific evidence and to define the future standard of treatment in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Andreozzi
- Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; (F.M.); (S.W.); (C.S.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Fulvio Massaro
- Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; (F.M.); (S.W.); (C.S.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
- PhD Program in Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41121 Modena, Italy
| | - Sebastian Wittnebel
- Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; (F.M.); (S.W.); (C.S.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Chloé Spilleboudt
- Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; (F.M.); (S.W.); (C.S.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Philippe Lewalle
- Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; (F.M.); (S.W.); (C.S.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
| | - Adriano Salaroli
- Hematology Department, Institut Jules Bordet, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1000 Bruxelles, Belgium; (F.M.); (S.W.); (C.S.); (P.L.); (A.S.)
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186
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Di Nardo P, Garattini SK, Torrisi E, Fanotto V, Miolo G, Buonadonna A, Puglisi F. Systemic Treatments for Advanced Small Bowel Adenocarcinoma: A Systematic Review. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14061502. [PMID: 35326652 PMCID: PMC8945891 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Small bowel adenocarcinoma is a rare disease that is usually treated following the protocols in use for colorectal cancer. The aim of this systematic review was to identify the optimal treatment for this disease according to the currently available evidence. We concluded that there is some evidence regarding the use of chemotherapy doublets in this setting, but not to support the use of biological agents. There are encouraging results regarding the use of immunotherapy in selected patients. Abstract Small bowel adenocarcinoma (SBA) is a rare disease for which scarce evidence is available. We summarized data available on systemic treatment of advanced SBA. Methods: Scientific literature was evaluated to find phase II or phase III clinical trials on systemic treatment for advanced SBA. MeSH terms were selected and combined for the initial search, then inclusion and exclusion criteria were set in a search protocol. Four medical oncologists looked for evidence on Medline, EMBASE and Cochrane databases. Moreover, abstracts from 2016 to June 2021 from the American Society for Clinical Oncology, European Society for Medical Oncology, Gastrointestinal Cancer Symposium and World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer were browsed. The selected studies, matching the inclusion and exclusion criteria, were finally tabulated and analyzed. Results: The trials finally selected were 18 phase II/III clinical trials. Four small phase II trials support the activity of oxaliplatin-based doublets in first-line treatment (CAPOX and mFOLFOX). Conclusion: No good level evidence is available on the use of bevacizumab, anti-epidermal growth factor receptor, targeted agents or immunotherapy. First-line treatments are largely derived from colorectal cancer protocols, mainly oxaliplatin-based doublets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Di Nardo
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (G.M.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Silvio Ken Garattini
- Department of Oncology, ASUFC University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (S.K.G.); (V.F.)
| | - Elena Torrisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, P.O. San Vincenzo, 98039 Taormina, Italy;
| | - Valentina Fanotto
- Department of Oncology, ASUFC University Hospital of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy; (S.K.G.); (V.F.)
| | - Gianmaria Miolo
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (G.M.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Angela Buonadonna
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (G.M.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
| | - Fabio Puglisi
- Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, IRCCS, 33081 Aviano, Italy; (G.M.); (A.B.); (F.P.)
- Department of Medicine (DAME), University of Udine, 33100 Udine, Italy
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Angel M, Zarba M, Sade JP. PARP inhibitors as a radiosensitizer: a future promising approach in prostate cancer? Ecancermedicalscience 2022; 15:ed118. [PMID: 35211207 PMCID: PMC8816501 DOI: 10.3332/ecancer.2021.ed118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors (iPARPs) have shown efficacy in homologous recombination (HR) deficiency patients with advanced castration resistant prostate cancer and have shown a radiosensitizing effect in preclinical and early clinical trials. Preclinical data in prostate cancer cells suggest a similar cytotoxic effect with half the radiation dose under the effect of Olaparib or Rucaparib irrespective of HR status. Due to the biologic synergy of radiotherapy (RT) and iPARPs, the risk of recurrence of high-risk prostate cancer and the morbidity associated with prostate cancer local treatment, this interesting strategy seems promising, and a better understanding of the clinical implications remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Angel
- Medical Oncologist, Genitourinary Tumors Department, Instituto Alexander Fleming, Cramer 1180, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, C1426ANZ, Argentina.,https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1463-8887
| | - Martin Zarba
- Medical Oncology Fellow, FUCA, Cramer 1180, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, C1426ANZ, Argentina
| | - Juan Pablo Sade
- Medical Oncologist, Chief Genitourinary Tumors Department, Instituto Alexander Fleming, Cramer 1180, Ciudad Autonoma de Buenos Aires, C1426ANZ, Argentina
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Zhang RS, Liu J, Deng YT, Wu X, Jiang Y. The real-world clinical outcomes and treatment patterns of patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic soft tissue sarcoma treated with anlotinib in the post-ALTER0203 trial era. Cancer Med 2022; 11:2271-2283. [PMID: 35191609 PMCID: PMC9160813 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The ALTER0203 clinical trial showed that anlotinib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, had antitumor effects on advanced soft tissue sarcoma (STS) after the failure of standard chemotherapy. We aimed to evaluate the real‐world efficacy and explore prognostic factors and treatment patterns of anlotinib in patients with advanced STS. Methods We retrospectively analyzed the data of patients with unresectable locally advanced or metastatic STS who received at least one dose of anlotinib from June 2018 to March 2021. The survival data were analyzed using the Kaplan–Meier method and compared using the log‐rank test. The Cox proportional hazards model was performed for multivariate analysis. Results A total of 209 patients were included. The median age was 48 (range 11–85) years. The median follow‐up, progression‐free survival, and overall survival were 18.7 months, 6.1 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 4.9–7.2], and 16.4 months (95% CI: 13.6–19.1), respectively. The objective response rate was 13.4%. Nutritional status, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) performance status, and anlotinib treatment patterns (combination therapy or switch maintenance therapy vs. monotherapy) were significantly associated with progression‐free survival. Besides, pathological grade, nutritional status, ECOG performance status, and anlotinib treatment patterns were predictive of overall survival. Due to anlotinib‐related toxicity, 31 (14.8%) patients, and 25 (12.0%) patients experienced dose reduction and treatment discontinuation, respectively. Conclusion These findings confirmed the efficacy of anlotinib in patients with advanced STS in a real‐world setting. The patterns of anlotinib treatment deserve further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren-Shu Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yao-Tiao Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xin Wu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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Liu CA, Liu WH, Ma HI, Chen YH, Hueng DY, Tsai WC, Lin SZ, Harn HJ, Chiou TW, Liu JW, Lee JH, Chiu TL. Interstitial Control-Released Polymer Carrying a Targeting Small-Molecule Drug Reduces PD-L1 and MGMT Expression in Recurrent High-Grade Gliomas with TMZ Resistance. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:1051. [PMID: 35205800 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14041051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary This study reports a potential new drug—Cerebraca wafer—that is designed to deliver its active pharmaceutical ingredient, (Z)-n-butylidenephthalide (BP), directly into the surgical cavity created when a brain tumor is resected. The therapeutic mechanism of Cerebraca wafer was shown to involve the following: (1) an IC50 of BP against tumor stem cells four times lower than that of bis-chloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU); (2) a synergistic effect between BP and temozolomide (TMZ), as demonstrated by a reduction in O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) expression level; (3) BP inhibition of programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) protein levels, thereby activating T-cell cytotoxicity and increasing interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion. The implantation of Cerebraca wafer is safe, no drug-related adverse events (AEs) and serious AEs (SAEs) were found. The median overall survival (OS) of patients receiving high-dose Cerebraca wafer have exceeded 17.4 months, and a 100% progression-free survival (PFS) rate at six month was achieved. In sum, these findings demonstrate that the Cerebraca wafer has superior therapeutic effects to Gliadel wafer in recurrent high-grade gliomas. Abstract In recurrent glioblastoma, Gliadel wafer implantation after surgery has been shown to result in incomplete chemical removal of residual tumor and development of brain edema. Furthermore, temozolomide (TMZ) resistance caused by O6-methylguanine-DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) activation and programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression leads to immune-cold lesions that result in poorer prognosis. Cerebraca wafer, a biodegradable polymer containing (Z)-n-butylidenephthalide (BP), is designed to eliminate residual tumor after glioma resection. An open-label, one-arm study with four dose cohorts, involving a traditional 3 + 3 dose escalation clinical trial, of the Cerebraca wafer combined with TMZ on patients with recurrent high-grade glioma, was conducted. Of the 12 patients who receive implantation of Cerebraca wafer, there were no drug-related adverse events (AEs) or serious AEs (SAEs). The median overall survival (OS) of patients receiving low-dose Cerebraca wafer was 12 months in the group with >25% wafer coverage of the resected tumor, which is longer than OS duration in previously published studies (Gliadel wafer, 6.4 months). Patients who received high-dose Cerebraca wafer treatment had not yet died at the data cut-off date; a 100% progression-free survival (PFS) rate at six month was achieved, indicating the median OS of cohort IV was more than 17.4 months. In vitro study of the primary cells collected from the patients revealed that the IC50 of BP against tumor stem cells was four times lower than that of bis-chloroethylnitrosourea (BCNU). A synergistic effect between BP and TMZ was demonstrated by a reduction in MGMT expression. Furthermore, BP inhibited PD-L1 expression, thereby activating T-cell cytotoxicity and increasing interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) secretion. The better therapeutic effect of Cerebraca wafer on recurrent high-grade glioma could occur through re-sensitization of TMZ and reduction of PD-L1.
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Gadallah M, Asaad NY, Shabaan M, Elkholy SS, Samara MY, Taie D. Role of SET oncoprotein in hepatocellular carcinoma: An immunohistochemical study. J Immunoassay Immunochem 2022; 43:420-434. [PMID: 35156535 DOI: 10.1080/15321819.2022.2034646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most prevalent primary cancer of the liver and it is the fourth most common cause of cancer related death worldwide. In Egypt, liver cancer constitutes the most common cause of mortality-related cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of SET oncoprotein in HCC tissues in comparison with its expression in non tumorous liver tissues and to correlate its expression with clinicopathological parameters. This study investigated 100 cases of HCC (including tumorous and non tumorous tissues). One hundred percent of tumorous and non-tumorous tissues were positive for SET expression. The mean and median values of H-score for SET expression were higher in tumorous than non tumorous tissues (P = .03). Higher SET expression was significantly correlated with larger tumor size (P = .012), positive lymphovascular invasion (P = .028), and shorter overall survival (P < .001). SET expression in tumor tissues is the most independent factor to affect the overall survival of HCC patients. SET plays a role in hepatocarcinogenesis proved by the increase of SET expression from non-tumorous to tumorous tissues. Also, SET can be used as a prognostic indicator and a novel target therapy in HCC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Gadallah
- Faculty of Medicine, Pathology, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Nancy Yousef Asaad
- Faculty of Medicine, Pathology, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Mohammed Shabaan
- Faculty of Medicine, Pathology, Menoufia University, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Shimaa Saad Elkholy
- Menoufia University National Liver Institute, Pathology, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Manar Yousef Samara
- Menoufia University National Liver Institute, Pathology, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
| | - Doha Taie
- Menoufia University National Liver Institute, Pathology, Shebin El-Kom, Egypt
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191
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Li X, Teng L, Yang Z. Editorial: From Chronic Inflammation to Cancer: How Far Can Immunotherapy Go? Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:838917. [PMID: 35140611 PMCID: PMC8820386 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.838917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xuefeng Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lesheng Teng
- School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
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Gao C, Xiao F, Zhang L, Sun Y, Wang L, Liu X, Sun H, Xie Z, Liang Y, Xu Q, Wang L. SENP1 inhibition suppresses the growth of lung cancer cells through activation of A20-mediated ferroptosis. Ann Transl Med 2022; 10:224. [PMID: 35280420 PMCID: PMC8908163 DOI: 10.21037/atm-21-6909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Background Ferroptosis is a type of cell death driven by iron accumulation and lipid peroxidation, which is involved in the pathogenesis of various tumors. Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)-specific protease 1 (SENP1) is a critical SUMO-specific protease, which controls multiple cellular signaling processes. However, the roles and mechanisms of SENP1-mediated protein SUMOylation in the regulation of cell death and ferroptosis remain unexplored. Methods The gene expression of SENP1 and ferroptosis-related genes in samples of lung cancer patient and cells were determined by immunohistochemical staining, real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blot. The association of gene expression with the survival rate of lung cancer patients was analyzed from public database. The erastin and cisplatin was used to induce ferroptosis, and cell ferroptosis were determined by evaluated lipid-reactive oxygen species (ROS), cell viability and electron microscopy. The protein interaction was determined by immunoprecipitation (IP) and shotgun proteomics analysis. An in vivo tumor transplantation model of immunodeficient mice was used to evaluate the effect of SENP1 on tumor growth in vivo. Results SENP1 is aberrantly overexpressed in lung cancer cells and is associated with the low survival rate of patients. SENP1 inhibition by short hairpin RNA transduction or a specific inhibitor suppressed the proliferation and growth of lung cancer cells both in vitro and in vivo. SENP1 overexpression protected lung cancer cells from ferroptosis induced by erastin or cisplatin. Transcriptome and proteomics profiles revealed the involvement of SUMOylation regulation of the inflammation signal A20 in SENP1 inhibition-induced ferroptosis. Functional studies proved that A20 functions as a positive inducer and enhances the ferroptosis of A549 cells. A20 was shown to interact with ACSL4 and SLC7A11 to regulate the ferroptosis of lung cancer cells. Conclusions SENP1 was identified as a suppressor of ferroptosis through a novel network of A20 SUMOylation links ACSL4 and SLC7A11 in lung cancer cells. SENP1 inhibition promotes ferroptosis and apoptosis and represents a novel therapeutic target for lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuancheng Gao
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Fengjun Xiao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Emergency, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Huiyan Sun
- Medical Research Institute, Hebei Yanda Hospital, Langfang, China
| | - Zhidan Xie
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Yaqi Liang
- Department of Medical Oncology, School of Medicine, Qinghai University, Xining, China
| | - Qinqin Xu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Lisheng Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnosis and Regenerative Medicine, Medical Research Center, the Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.,Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, China
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Ciardiello D, Maiorano BA, Parente P, Rodriquenz MG, Latiano TP, Chiarazzo C, Pazienza V, Guerrera LP, Amoruso B, Normanno N, Martini G, Ciardiello F, Martinelli E, Maiello E. Immunotherapy for Biliary Tract Cancer in the Era of Precision Medicine: Current Knowledge and Future Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:820. [PMID: 35055006 PMCID: PMC8775359 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23020820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 01/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Biliary tract cancers (BTC) represent a heterogeneous and aggressive group of tumors with dismal prognosis. For a long time, BTC has been considered an orphan disease with very limited therapeutic options. In recent years a better understanding of the complex molecular landscape of biology is rapidly changing the therapeutic armamentarium. However, while 40-50% of patients there are molecular drivers susceptible to target therapy, for the remaining population new therapeutic options represent an unsatisfied clinical need. The role of immunotherapy in the continuum of treatment of patients with BTC is still debated. Despite initial signs of antitumor-activity, single-agent immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) demonstrated limited efficacy in an unselected population. Therefore, identifying the best partner to combine ICIs and predictive biomarkers represents a key challenge to optimize the efficacy of immunotherapy. This review provides a critical analysis of completed trials, with an eye on future perspectives and possible biomarkers of response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Ciardiello
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (B.A.M.); (M.G.R.); (T.P.L.); (C.C.); (L.P.G.); (B.A.); (E.M.)
- Oncology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Brigida Anna Maiorano
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (B.A.M.); (M.G.R.); (T.P.L.); (C.C.); (L.P.G.); (B.A.); (E.M.)
- Department of Translational Medicine and Surgery, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 000168 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Parente
- Pathology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Maria Grazia Rodriquenz
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (B.A.M.); (M.G.R.); (T.P.L.); (C.C.); (L.P.G.); (B.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Tiziana Pia Latiano
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (B.A.M.); (M.G.R.); (T.P.L.); (C.C.); (L.P.G.); (B.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Cinzia Chiarazzo
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (B.A.M.); (M.G.R.); (T.P.L.); (C.C.); (L.P.G.); (B.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Valerio Pazienza
- Division of Gastroenterology, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy;
| | - Luigi Pio Guerrera
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (B.A.M.); (M.G.R.); (T.P.L.); (C.C.); (L.P.G.); (B.A.); (E.M.)
- Oncology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Brunella Amoruso
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (B.A.M.); (M.G.R.); (T.P.L.); (C.C.); (L.P.G.); (B.A.); (E.M.)
- Division of Medical Oncology, Università di Bari, 70124 Bari, Italy
| | - Nicola Normanno
- Cellular Biology and Biotherapy, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, “Fondazione G. Pascale”-IRCCS, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giulia Martini
- Oncology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Fortunato Ciardiello
- Oncology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Erika Martinelli
- Oncology Unit, Department of Precision Medicine, Università degli Studi della Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.M.); (F.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Evaristo Maiello
- Oncology Unit, Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza Hospital, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; (B.A.M.); (M.G.R.); (T.P.L.); (C.C.); (L.P.G.); (B.A.); (E.M.)
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Urraro F, Nardone V, Reginelli A, Varelli C, Angrisani A, Patanè V, D'Ambrosio L, Roccatagliata P, Russo GM, Gallo L, De Chiara M, Altucci L, Cappabianca S. MRI Radiomics in Prostate Cancer: A Reliability Study. Front Oncol 2022; 11:805137. [PMID: 34993153 PMCID: PMC8725993 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.805137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiomics can provide quantitative features from medical imaging that can be correlated to clinical endpoints. The challenges relevant to robustness of radiomics features have been analyzed by many researchers, as it seems to be influenced by acquisition and reconstruction protocols, as well as by the segmentation of the region of interest (ROI). Prostate cancer (PCa) represents a difficult playground for this technique, due to discrepancies in the identification of the cancer lesion and the heterogeneity of the acquisition protocols. The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of radiomics in PCa magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS A homogeneous cohort of patients with a PSA rise that underwent multiparametric MRI imaging of the prostate before biopsy was tested in this study. All the patients were acquired with the same MRI scanner, with a standardized protocol. The identification and the contouring of the region of interest (ROI) of an MRI suspicious cancer lesion were done by two radiologists with great experience in prostate cancer (>10 years). After the segmentation, the texture features were extracted with LIFEx. Texture features were then tested with intraclass coefficient correlation (ICC) analysis to analyze the reliability of the segmentation. RESULTS Forty-four consecutive patients were included in the present analysis. In 26 patients (59.1%), the prostate biopsy confirmed the presence of prostate cancer, which was scored as Gleason 6 in 6 patients (13.6%), Gleason 3 + 4 in 8 patients (18.2%), and Gleason 4 + 3 in 12 patients (27.3%). The reliability analysis conversely showed poor reliability in the majority of the MRI acquisition (61% in T2, 89% in DWI50, 44% in DWI400, and 83% in DWI1,500), with ADC acquisition only showing better reliability (poor reliability in only 33% of the texture features). CONCLUSIONS The low ratio of reliability in a monoinstitutional homogeneous cohort represents a significant alarm bell for the application of MRI radiomics in the field of prostate cancer. More work is needed in a clinical setting to further study the potential of MRI radiomics in prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizio Urraro
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Valerio Nardone
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Alfonso Reginelli
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Antonio Angrisani
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Vittorio Patanè
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luca D'Ambrosio
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Pietro Roccatagliata
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Gaetano Maria Russo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Gallo
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Marco De Chiara
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Lucia Altucci
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cappabianca
- Department of Precision Medicine, University of Campania Luigi Vanvitelli, Naples, Italy
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Lengyel CG, Hussain S, Seeber A, Jamil Nidhamalddin S, Trapani D, Habeeb BS, Elfaham E, Mazher SA, Seid F, Khan SZ, El Bairi K, Odhiambo A, Altuna SC, Petrillo A. FGFR Pathway Inhibition in Gastric Cancer: The Golden Era of an Old Target? Life (Basel) 2022; 12:81. [PMID: 35054474 PMCID: PMC8778800 DOI: 10.3390/life12010081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer (GC) is the third leading cause of cancer-associated death worldwide. The majority of patients are diagnosed at an advanced/metastatic stage of disease due to a lack of specific symptoms and lack of screening programs, especially in Western countries. Thus, despite the improvement in GC therapeutic opportunities, the survival is disappointing, and the definition of the optimal treatment is still an unmet need. Novel diagnostic techniques were developed in clinical trials in order to characterize the genetic profile of GCs and new potential molecular pathways, such as the Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor (FGFR) pathway, were identified in order to improve patient's survival by using target therapies. The aim of this review is to summarize the role and the impact of FGFR signaling in GC and to provide an overview regarding the potential effectiveness of anti-FGFR agents in GC treatment in the context of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Csongor G. Lengyel
- Head and Neck Surgery, National Institute of Oncology, 1122 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Sadaqat Hussain
- Oncology Department, University Hospital of Leicester, Leicester LE1 5WW, UK;
| | - Andreas Seeber
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Innsbruck, Department of Hematology and Oncology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
| | | | | | - Baker S. Habeeb
- Medical Oncology, Shaqlawa Teaching Hospital, Erbil 44001, Iraq;
| | - Essam Elfaham
- Department of Hematoncology, Kuwait Cancer Control Center (KCCC), Kuwait City 20001, Kuwait;
| | - Syed Ayub Mazher
- Division of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Clements University Hospital, Dallas, TX 75390, USA;
| | - Fahmi Seid
- Department of Oncology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Hawassa University, Hawassa 1560, Ethiopia;
| | - Shah Z. Khan
- Department of Clinical Oncology, BINOR Cancer Hospital, Bannu 28000, Pakistan;
| | | | - Andrew Odhiambo
- Unit of Medical Oncology, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Nairobi, Nairobi 00202, Kenya;
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196
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Li GS, Huang HQ, Liang Y, Pang QY, Sun HJ, Huang ZG, Dang YW, Yang LJ, Chen G. BCAT1: A risk factor in multiple cancers based on a pan-cancer analysis. Cancer Med 2022; 11:1396-1412. [PMID: 34984849 PMCID: PMC8894718 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.4525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Although branched chain amino acid transaminase 1 (BCAT1) has been identified to play an essential role in multiple tumors, no studies on its role in pan‐cancer have been consulted before. Methods The study comprehensively analyzes the expression, potential mechanisms, and clinical significance of BCAT1 in pan‐cancer through utilizing 16,847 samples, providing novel clues for the treatment of cancers. A Kruskal–Wallis test and the Wilcoxon rank‐sum and signed‐rank tests were applied to investigate diverse BCAT1 expression between various groups (e.g., cancer tissues versus normal tissues). Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used in all correlation analyses in the study. Cox analyses and Kaplan‐Meier curves were utilized to identify the prognosis significance of BCAT1 expression in cancers. The significance of BCAT1 expression in differentiating cancer and non‐cancer tissues was explored via the area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). Results The differential expression of BCAT1 was detected in various cancers (p < 0.05), which is relevant to some DNA methyltransferases expression. BCAT1 expression was associated with mismatch repair gene expression, immune checkpoint inhibitors expression, microsatellite instability, and tumor mutational burden in some cancers, indicating its potential in immunotherapy. BCAT1 expression showed prognosis significance and played a risk role in multiple cancers (hazard ratio > 0, p < 0.05). BCAT1 expression also demonstrated conspicuous ability to distinguish some cancers tissues from their normal tissues (AUC > 0.7), indicating its potential to detect cancers. Further analyses on head and neck squamous cell carcinoma certified upregulated BCAT1 expression at both mRNA and protein levels in this disease based on in‐house tissue microarrays and multicenter datasets. Conclusions For the first time, the research comprehensively demonstrates the overexpression of BCAT1 in pan‐cancer, which improves the understanding of the pathogenesis of BCAT1 in pan‐cancer. Upregulated BCAT1 expression represented a poor prognosis for cancers patients, and it serves as a potential marker for cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Sheng Li
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - He-Qing Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yao Liang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Pang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hao-Jia Sun
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Zhi-Guang Huang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yi-Wu Dang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin-Jie Yang
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Gang Chen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
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197
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Lam AKY, Li B, Liang L, Xie J, Xu WW. Editorial: Novel Molecular Targets and Treatments for Gastroesophageal Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 12:888861. [PMID: 35646716 PMCID: PMC9136978 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.888861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alfred King-yin Lam
- School of Medicine & Dentistry and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QSL, Australia
- *Correspondence: Alfred King-yin Lam, ; Bin Li,
| | - Bin Li
- The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Alfred King-yin Lam, ; Bin Li,
| | - Linhui Liang
- Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center and Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianjun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wen Wen Xu
- Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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198
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Puliafito I, Esposito F, Prestifilippo A, Marchisotta S, Sciacca D, Vitale MP, Giuffrida D. Target Therapy in Thyroid Cancer: Current Challenge in Clinical Use of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors and Management of Side Effects. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:860671. [PMID: 35872981 PMCID: PMC9304687 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.860671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Thyroid cancer (TC) is the most common endocrine malignancy. TC is classified as differentiated TC (DTC), which includes papillary and follicular subtypes and Hürthle cell variants, medullary TC (MTC), anaplastic TC (ATC), and poorly differentiated TC (PDTC). The standard of care in DTC consists of surgery together with radioactive iodine (131I) therapy and thyroid hormone, but patients with MTC do not benefit from 131I therapy. Patients with advanced TC resistant to 131I treatment (RAI-R) have no chance of cure, as well as patients affected by ATC and progressive MTC, in which conventional therapy plays only a palliative role, representing, until a few years ago, an urgent unmet need. In the last decade, a better understanding of molecular pathways involved in the tumorigenesis of specific histopathological subtypes of TC has led to develop tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs). TKIs represent a valid treatment in progressive advanced disease and were tested in all subtypes of TC, highlighting the need to improve progression-free survival. However, treatments using these novel therapeutics are often accompanied by side effects that required optimal management to minimize their toxicities and thereby enable patients who show benefit to continue treatment and obtain maximal clinical efficacy. The goal of this overview is to provide an update on the current use of the main drugs recently studied for advanced TC and the management of the adverse events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivana Puliafito
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo SpA, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Francesca Esposito
- IOM Ricerca Srl, Viagrande, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesca Esposito, ; Dario Giuffrida,
| | - Angela Prestifilippo
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo SpA, Viagrande, Italy
| | | | - Dorotea Sciacca
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo SpA, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Maria Paola Vitale
- Hospital Pharmacy Unit, Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo SpA, Viagrande, Italy
| | - Dario Giuffrida
- Medical Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico del Mediterraneo SpA, Viagrande, Italy
- *Correspondence: Francesca Esposito, ; Dario Giuffrida,
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Zhang W, Ruan X, Li Y, Zhi J, Hu L, Hou X, Shi X, Wang X, Wang J, Ma W, Gu P, Zheng X, Gao M. KDM1A promotes thyroid cancer progression and maintains stemness through the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Theranostics 2022; 12:1500-1517. [PMID: 35198054 PMCID: PMC8825597 DOI: 10.7150/thno.66142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are highly tumorigenic, chemotherapy-resistant, tumor growth-sustaining, and are implicated in tumor recurrence. Previous studies have shown that lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A (KDM1A) is highly expressed in several human malignancies and CSCs. However, the role of KDM1A in CSCs and the therapeutic potential of KDM1A inhibitors for the treatment of the advanced thyroid cancer are poorly understood. Methods: Firstly, KDM1A was identified as an important epigenetic modifier that maintained the stemness of thyroid cancer through a mini histone methylation modifier screen and confirmed in thyroid cancer tissues and cell lines. RNA sequence was performed to discover the downstream genes of KDM1A. The underlying mechanisms were further investigated by ChIP, IP and dual luciferase reporter assays, gain and loss of function assays. Results: Here we report that KDM1A regulates the stemness of thyroid cancer and promotes thyroid cancer progression via the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Mechanistically, KDM1A down-regulates two antagonists of the canonical Wnt pathway, APC2 and DKK1, by demethylating H3K4me1/2 of the APC2 promoter region and the nonhistone substrate HIF-1α, resulting in the inhibition of APC2 transcription and the activation of the HIF-1α/microRNA-146a/DKK1 axis. Importantly, we also demonstrate that GSK-LSD1, a highly selective inhibitor of KDM1A, significantly inhibits thyroid cancer progression and enhances the sensitivity of thyroid cancer to chemotherapy. Conclusions: KDM1A plays an important role in thyroid cancer progression and maintains stemness, our study provides a new strategy for the therapy of advanced thyroid cancer.
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Gaspari S, Di Ruscio V, Stocchi F, Carta R, Becilli M, De Ioris MA. Case Report: Early Association of Vemurafenib to Standard Chemotherapy in Multisystem Langerhans Cell Histiocytosis in a Newborn: Taking a Chance for a Better Outcome? Front Oncol 2021; 11:794498. [PMID: 34966688 PMCID: PMC8710608 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.794498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 11/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is due to aberrant monoclonal proliferation and accumulation of dendritic cells, ranging from a self-limiting local condition to a rapidly progressive multisystem disease with poor prognosis. Pathogenic cells originate from a myeloid-derived precursor characterized by an activation of the MAPK/ERK signaling pathway in about 70% of cases. In particular, BRAF V600E mutation is usually associated with a more severe clinical course and poor response to chemotherapy. We report on a newborn with multisystem LCH in life-threatening medical conditions. At diagnosis, the patient was successfully treated with the early association of BRAF inhibitor Vemurafenib to standard chemotherapy representing a new approach in first-line treatment. A rapid clinical improvement with a prompt fever regression from day 2 and complete resolution of skin lesions by week 2 were observed; laboratory data normalized as well. Vemurafenib was discontinued after 12 months of treatment. No signs of relapse occurred after 12 months of discontinuation. This case indicates that early combination of target therapy with standard treatment may induce rapid response and prolonged disease remission without significant toxicities in infants. This approach represents a valid and safe option as first-line treatment in multisystem disease, especially in high-risk patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefania Gaspari
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Di Ruscio
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Stocchi
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Roberto Carta
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Becilli
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Maria Antonietta De Ioris
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Healthcare (IRCCS) Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
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