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Lledo B, Morales R, Antonio Ortiz J, Bernabeu A, Bernabeu R. Noninvasive preimplantation genetic testing using the embryo spent culture medium: an update. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 2023; 35:294-299. [PMID: 37144571 DOI: 10.1097/gco.0000000000000881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The presence of cell-free DNA (cf-DNA) in the embryo spent culture medium allows to develop a noninvasive PGT-A (niPGTA). Noninvasive PGT-A may provide a simpler, safer and less costly approach to preimplantation genetic testing of aneuploidy (PGT-A). Furthermore, niPGTA would provide wider access to embryo genetic analysis and circumvent many legal and ethical considerations. However, the concordance rate between the results obtained by PGT-A and niPGTA varies among studies and, their clinical utility has not been already demonstrated. This review evaluates the niPGTA reliability based on SCM and adds new knowledge about the clinical relevance of SCM for noninvasive PGT-A. RECENT FINDINGS The most recent concordance studies evaluating the accuracy of niPGTA using SCM showed a high variation in the informativity rate of SCM and the diagnostic concordance. Also, sensitivity and specificity showed similar heterogeneous results. Therefore, these results do not support the clinical utility of niPGTA. Regarding clinical outcome, the data are initial and further research, including randomized and nonselection studies are needed. SUMMARY Further research, including randomized and nonselection studies, as well as optimization of embryo culture conditions and medium retrieval, are needed to improve the reliability and clinical utility of niPGTA.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Andrea Bernabeu
- Instituto Bernabeu of Fertility and Gynaecology
- Chair of Community Medicine and Reproductive Health, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
| | - Rafael Bernabeu
- Instituto Bernabeu of Fertility and Gynaecology
- Chair of Community Medicine and Reproductive Health, Miguel Hernández University, Alicante, Spain
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Areitio NO, Martinez-Conesa EM, Rovira EA, Mercader NP, Barbera ÓF, Sabater-Cruz N, Serrat AV. P09-A130 Management of an eye bank with organ-cultured and hypothermic corneas: microbiology in endothelial grafts. BMJ Open Ophthalmol 2023; 8:A4-A5. [PMID: 37604569 DOI: 10.1136/bmjophth-2023-eeba.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To analyse the microbiologic control results taken during the processing of hypothermic and cultured corneas for endothelial transplants comparing the two groups from January to September 2022. METHODS The microbiological controls of hypothermic corneas prepared for DSAEK or DMEK are: Transport Eusol control (pre-manipulation) and new Eusol control (post-manipulation). In cultured corneas the number of controls is increased to 4: first culture medium, evaluation culture medium, transport medium 24 hours post-evaluation and transport medium post-manipulation. RESULTS A total of 1438 corneas were processed for transplant during the 9 months studied (321 fresh corneas and 1113 cultured corneas). A total of 557 corneas were prepared for DSAEK or DMEK, from which 89 (15,98%) were hypothermic corneas and 468 (84.O2%) were cultured. From hypothermic corneas, 65 were cut for DSAEK and with 24 corneas, pre-stripping for DMEK was done. In the case of cultured corneas, 187 were cut for DSAEK and with 281 pre-stripping for DMEK was done. The number of corneas with positive results in the microbiological controls were 15 (16,85%) in the case of fresh corneas (in 7 corneas that were prepared for DSAEK and in 8 for DMEK) and 4 cases (0,85%) in cultured corneas (in 3 corneas for DSAEK and in 1 corneas for DMEK) resulting in a clear difference between both preservation methods. Bio-surveillance notifications notified during the studied period have been a total of 5, from which 2 were SAE in hypothermic corneas and other 2 were SAE and 1 SAR, in cultured corneas, all for endothelial transplantations. CONCLUSION The number of positive results for microorganisms was higher in the case of hypothermic corneas and the Bio-surveillance notifications were also a little bit higher in hypothermic corneas (2,25%) comparing to organ cultured corneas (0.64%). The management of an eye bank with both preservation systems is challenging with its advantages and disadvantages. The main disadvantage of hypothermic corneas is the risk of not detecting contaminations because the corneas are released without any definitive results but it is compensated by the fact that they allow us to respond to emergencies, tissue returns, apart from the economic aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nausica Otero Areitio
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST) Barcelona, Spain
- Vall Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva Maria Martinez-Conesa
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST) Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elba Agustí Rovira
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST) Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Natzaret Pujagut Mercader
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST) Barcelona, Spain
- Vall Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Óscar Fariñas Barbera
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST) Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute (IIB-Sant Pau; SGR1113), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Anna Vilarrodona Serrat
- Barcelona Tissue Bank, Banc de Sang i Teixits (BST) Barcelona, Spain
- Vall Hebron Institute of Research (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
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Tsai CM, Chen CH, Cheng WH, Stelma FF, Li SC, Lin WC. Homeostasis of cellular amino acids in Acanthamoeba castellanii exposed to different media under amoeba-bacteria coculture conditions. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:198. [PMID: 37495951 PMCID: PMC10373360 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acanthamoeba castellanii is a free-living protist that feeds on diverse bacteria. A. castellanii has frequently been utilized in studies on microbial interactions. Grazing bacteria also exhibit diverse effects on the physiological characteristics of amoebae, such as their growth, encystation, and cytotoxicity. Since the composition of amoebae amino acids is closely related to cellular activities, it can indicate the overall responses of A. castellanii to various stimuli. METHOD A. castellanii was exposed to different culture conditions in low-nutrient medium with heat-killed DH5α to clarify their effects. A targeted metabolomic technique was utilized to evaluate the concentration of cellular amino acids. The amino acid composition and pathways were analyzed by two web-based tools: MetaboAnalyst and Pathview. Then, long-term exposure to A. castellanii was investigated through in silico and in vitro methods to elucidate the homeostasis of amino acids and the growth of A. castellanii. RESULTS Under short-term exposure, all kinds of amino acids were enriched in all exposed groups. In contrast to the presence of heat-killed bacteria, the medium exhibited obvious effects on the amino acid composition of A. castellanii. After long-term exposure, the amino acid composition was more similar to that of the control group. A. castellanii may achieve amino acid homeostasis through pathways related to alanine, aspartate, citrulline, and serine. DISCUSSION Under short-term exposure, compared to the presence of bacteria, the type of medium exerted a more powerful effect on the amino acid composition of the amoeba. Previous studies focused on the interaction of the amoeba and bacteria with effective secretion systems and effectors. This may have caused the effects of low-nutrient environments to be overlooked. CONCLUSION When A. castellanii was stimulated in the coculture system through various methods, such as the presence of bacteria and a low-nutrient environment, it accumulated intracellular amino acids within a short period. However, different stimulations correspond to different amino acid compositions. After long-term exposure, A. castellanii achieved an amino acid equilibrium by downregulating the biosynthesis of several amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ming Tsai
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hsien Chen
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hung Cheng
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Foekje F. Stelma
- Department of Microbiology, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sung-Chou Li
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Chen Lin
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Parasitology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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Chang CY, Bajić D, Vila JCC, Estrela S, Sanchez A. Emergent coexistence in multispecies microbial communities. Science 2023; 381:343-348. [PMID: 37471535 DOI: 10.1126/science.adg0727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that maintain microbial biodiversity is a critical aspiration in ecology. Past work on microbial coexistence has largely focused on species pairs, but it is unclear whether pairwise coexistence in isolation is required for coexistence in a multispecies community. To address this question, we conducted hundreds of pairwise competition experiments among the stably coexisting members of 12 different enrichment communities in vitro. To determine the outcomes of these experiments, we developed an automated image analysis pipeline to quantify species abundances. We found that competitive exclusion was the most common outcome, and it was strongly hierarchical and transitive. Because many species that coexist within a stable multispecies community fail to coexist in pairwise co-culture under identical conditions, we concluded that multispecies coexistence is an emergent phenomenon. This work highlights the importance of community context for understanding the origins of coexistence in complex ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Yu Chang
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Djordje Bajić
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Jean C C Vila
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sylvie Estrela
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alvaro Sanchez
- Department of Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Microbial Sciences Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Microbial Biotechnology. Centro Nacional de Biotecnología - CSIC, Campus de Cantoblanco, Madrid, Spain
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155
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Lyamin AV, Ismatullin DD, Zolotov MO, Nikitina TR, Kovalyov AM, Sefedinova MY. Species diversity of microorganisms previously identified as nontuberculous mycobacteria by DNA hybridization. Int J Mycobacteriol 2023; 12:345-349. [PMID: 37721242 DOI: 10.4103/ijmy.ijmy_147_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Over the past 10 years, the clinical importance of opportunistic bacteria of the order Actinomycetales has increased significantly. While many problems for the Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex have been solved, for nontuberculous mycobacteria, some questions remain open. These pathogens have a number of structural features that allow them to persist in the external environment for a long time. Methods The main inclusion criteria were cultural characteristics in assessing the growth of microorganisms on solid egg media. If nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) growth was detected, identification signs were carried out using the DNA hybridization method. Subsequently, these cultures were identified using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight (MALDI-ToF) mass spectrometry method. In case of obtaining unacceptable results of identification from primary inoculations, re-identification to obtain pure cultures was carried out after transferring the material from primary media to agar media: 5% blood agar and universal chromogenic medium. When re-identifying isolated cultures using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry, all isolated cultures were analyzed, regardless of whether they belonged to the NTM group or not. Results DNA hybridization, which accounted for 59.5% of the total number of cultures included in the study, performed species identification of 188 strains. Using MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry, 345 strains were identified. Conclusion The use of methods based on DNA hybridization makes it possible to identify quite accurately some of the most common NTM species. MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry is an important technique to allow species identification of most Actinomycetales. However, algorithms to standardize methods for their isolation from clinical material are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Artem Victorovich Lyamin
- Research and Educational Professional Center for Genetic and Laboratory Technologies, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Danir Damirovich Ismatullin
- Research and Educational Professional Center for Genetic and Laboratory Technologies, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Maxim Olegovich Zolotov
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Allergology and Immunology, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Tatyana Rudolfovna Nikitina
- Research and Educational Professional Center for Genetic and Laboratory Technologies, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Alexander Mikhailovich Kovalyov
- Research and Educational Professional Center for Genetic and Laboratory Technologies, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
| | - Maria Yurievna Sefedinova
- Department of General Surgery and Surgical Diseases, Samara State Medical University, Samara, Russia
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156
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Mustafa MH, Corre MN, Heurtevin L, Bassi D, Cirilli M, Quilot-Turion B. Stone fruit phenolic and triterpenoid compounds modulate gene expression of Monilinia spp. in culture media. Fungal Biol 2023; 127:1085-1097. [PMID: 37495299 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Phenolic and triterpenoid compounds are essential components in stone fruit skin and flesh tissues. They are thought to possess general antimicrobial activity. However, regarding brown rot disease, investigations were only confined to a limited number of phenolics, especially chlorogenic acid. The activity of triterpenoids against Monilinia spp., as an essential part of the peach cuticular wax, has not been studied before. In this work, the anti-fungal effect of some phenolics, triterpenoids, and fruit surface compound (FSC) extracts of peach fruit at two developmental stages were investigated on Monilinia fructicola and Monilinia laxa characteristics during in vitro growth. A new procedure for assaying anti-fungal activity of triterpenoids, which are notoriously difficult to assess in vitro because of their hydrophobicity, has been developed. Measurements of colony diameter, sporulation, and germination of second-generation conidia were recorded. Furthermore, the expression of twelve genes of M. fructicola associated with germination and/or appressorium formation and virulence-related genes was studied relative to the presence of the compounds. The study revealed that certain phenolics and triterpenoids showed modest anti-fungal activity while dramatically modulating gene expression in mycelium of M. fructicola on culture medium. MfRGAE1 gene was overexpressed by chlorogenic and ferulic acids and MfCUT1 by betulinic acid, at 4- and 7- days of mycelium incubation. The stage II FSC extract, corresponding to the period when the fruit is resistant to Monilinia spp., considerably up-regulated the MfLAE1 gene. These findings effectively contribute to the knowledge of biochemical compounds effects on fungi on in vitro conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid Hassan Mustafa
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISAA), University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy; INRAE, GAFL, F-84143, Montfavet, France
| | | | | | - Daniele Bassi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISAA), University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cirilli
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences (DISAA), University of Milan, 20133, Milan, Italy
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157
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Upham JP, Eisebraun M, Fortuna A, Mallo GV. Substituting Allose as the Primary Carbon Source During Enrichment Helps Improve Detection and Isolation of Lineage II Listeria monocytogenes From Food. J Food Prot 2023; 86:100104. [PMID: 37178924 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfp.2023.100104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Testing of foods for low levels of the human pathogen, Listeria monocytogenes (Lm), involves a selective enrichment procedure. A nonpathogenic species of Listeria, L. innocua (Li), is often present in foods and food-manufacturing environments and is an interference organism for Lm detection due to competition during enrichment. The present study investigated whether a novel enrichment strategy incorporating the sugar allose into the secondary enrichment broth (allose method) could improve the detection of Lm from foods when Li is present. First, Canadian food isolates of Listeria spp. were tested to confirm recent reports that lineage II Lm (LII-Lm), but not Li, could metabolize allose. All LII-Lm isolates (n = 81), but not Li (n = 36), possessed the allose genes lmo0734-lmo0739, and could efficiently metabolize allose. Next, smoked salmon was contaminated with mixtures of LII-Lm and Li and tested using different enrichment procedures to compare the ability to recover Lm. Allose broth was more effective than Fraser Broth, with Lm detected in 87% (74 of 85) compared to 59% (50 of 85) of the samples (P < 0.05), following a common preenrichment. When evaluated against a current Health Canada method (MFLP-28), the allose method was more effective, with LII-Lm detected in 88% (57 of 65) compared to 69% (45 of 65) of the samples (P < 0.05). The allose method also remarkably increased the ratio of LII-Lm to Li postenrichment, which improved the ease of obtaining isolated Lm colonies for confirmation tests. Allose may therefore provide a tool for use when the presence of background flora interferes with Lm detection. As this tool is specifically applicable to a subset of Lm, the use of this method modification may provide a working example of tailoring methodology to target the known subtype of the pathogen of interest in an outbreak investigation, or for regular monitoring activities in conjunction with a PCR screen for allose genes on preenrichment cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline P Upham
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Dartmouth Laboratory, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada B3B 1Y9.
| | - Mikaela Eisebraun
- Canadian Food Inspection Agency - Dartmouth Laboratory, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada B3B 1Y9
| | - Alex Fortuna
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 0A3
| | - Gustavo V Mallo
- Pathogen Preparedness and Test Development Unit, Public Health Ontario Laboratories, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5G 1M1
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158
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Eliodório KP, Cunha GCDGE, Lino FSDO, Sommer MOA, Gombert AK, Giudici R, Basso TO. Physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae during growth on industrial sugar cane molasses can be reproduced in a tailor-made defined synthetic medium. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10567. [PMID: 37386049 PMCID: PMC10310838 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37618-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Fully defined laboratory media have the advantage of allowing for reproducibility and comparability of results among different laboratories, as well as being suitable for the investigation of how different individual components affect microbial or process performance. We developed a fully defined medium that mimics sugarcane molasses, a frequently used medium in different industrial processes where yeast is cultivated. The medium, named 2SMol, builds upon a previously published semi-defined formulation and is conveniently prepared from some stock solutions: C-source, organic N, inorganic N, organic acids, trace elements, vitamins, Mg + K, and Ca. We validated the 2SMol recipe in a scaled-down sugarcane biorefinery model, comparing the physiology of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in different actual molasses-based media. We demonstrate the flexibility of the medium by investigating the effect of nitrogen availability on the ethanol yield during fermentation. Here we present in detail the development of a fully defined synthetic molasses medium and the physiology of yeast strains in this medium compared to industrial molasses. This tailor-made medium was able to satisfactorily reproduce the physiology of S. cerevisiae in industrial molasses. Thus, we hope the 2SMol formulation will be valuable to researchers both in academia and industry to obtain new insights and developments in industrial yeast biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevy Pontes Eliodório
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, São Paulo, SP, 05508-010, Brazil
| | - Gabriel Caetano de Gois E Cunha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, São Paulo, SP, 05508-010, Brazil
| | | | - Morten Otto Alexander Sommer
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, 2800, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Andreas Karoly Gombert
- School of Food Engineering, University of Campinas, R. Monteiro Lobato 80, Campinas, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Reinaldo Giudici
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, São Paulo, SP, 05508-010, Brazil
| | - Thiago Olitta Basso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Escola Politécnica, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Luciano Gualberto, 380, São Paulo, SP, 05508-010, Brazil.
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Pandey S, Whitlock KB, Test MR, Hodor P, Pope CE, Limbrick DD, McDonald PJ, Hauptman JS, Hoffman LR, Simon TD. Characterization of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) microbiota at the time of initial surgical intervention for children with hydrocephalus. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0280682. [PMID: 37342995 PMCID: PMC10284395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0280682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To characterize the microbiota of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from children with hydrocephalus at the time of initial surgical intervention. STUDY DESIGN CSF was obtained at initial surgical intervention. One aliquot was stored in skim milk-tryptone-glucose-glycerol (STGG) medium and the second was unprocessed; both were then stored at -70°C. Bacterial growth for CSF samples stored in STGG were subsequently characterized using aerobic and anaerobic culture on blood agar and MALDI-TOF sequencing. All unprocessed CSF samples underwent 16S quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) sequencing, and a subset underwent standard clinical microbiological culture. CSF with culture growth (either after storage in STGG or standard clinical) were further analyzed using whole-genome amplification sequencing (WGAS). RESULTS 11/66 (17%) samples stored in STGG and 1/36 (3%) that underwent standard clinical microbiological culture demonstrated bacterial growth. Of the organisms present, 8 were common skin flora and 4 were potential pathogens; only 1 was also qPCR positive. WGAS findings and STGG culture findings were concordant for only 1 sample, identifying Staphylococcus epidermidis. No significant difference in time to second surgical intervention was observed between the STGG culture-positive and negative groups. CONCLUSION(S) Using high sensitivity methods, we detected the presence of bacteria in a subset of CSF samples at the time of first surgery. Therefore, the true presence of bacteria in CSF of children with hydrocephalus cannot be ruled out, though our findings may suggest these bacteria are contaminants or false positives of the detection methods. Regardless of origin, the detection of microbiota in the CSF of these children may not have any clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shailly Pandey
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Kathryn B. Whitlock
- New Harmony Statistical Consulting, Clinton, Washington, United States of America
| | - Matthew R. Test
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Paul Hodor
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Christopher E. Pope
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - David D. Limbrick
- Department of Neurosurgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
- St. Louis Children’s Hospital, St. Louis, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Patrick J. McDonald
- Section of Neurosurgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Winnipeg Children’s Hospital, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jason S. Hauptman
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Lucas R. Hoffman
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Tamara D. Simon
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- The Saban Research Institute, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
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Imwattana K, Shivaperumal N, Leepattarakit T, Kiratisin P, Knight DR, Riley TV. The Brief Case: a White-Colony-Producing Clostridioides difficile Ribotype 020 Strain. J Clin Microbiol 2023; 61:e0089322. [PMID: 37338228 PMCID: PMC10281166 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00893-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Korakrit Imwattana
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Niraj Shivaperumal
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Teera Leepattarakit
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Pattarachai Kiratisin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Salaya, Thailand
| | - Daniel R. Knight
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Thomas V. Riley
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Queen Elizabeth II Medical Centre, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
- Centre for Biosecurity and One Health, Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Yildirim K, Atas C, Simsek E, Coban AY. The Effect of Inoculum Size on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0031923. [PMID: 37212717 PMCID: PMC10269855 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00319-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Phenotypic drug susceptibility testing (DST) requires a standardized amount of inoculum to produce reproducible susceptibility results. The most critical step in the application of DST in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates is the preparation of the bacterial inoculum. In this study, the effect of bacterial inoculum prepared in various McFarland turbidities on primary antituberculosis drug susceptibility of M. tuberculosis strains was investigated. Five standard ATCC strains (ATCC 27294 [H37Rv], ATCC 35822 [izoniazid-resistant], ATCC 35838 [rifampicin-resistant], ATCC 35820 [streptomycin-resistant], ATCC 35837 [ethambutol-resistant]) were tested. Inoculums of McFarland standard of 0.5, 1, 2, 3, and 1:100 dilutions of 1 McFarland standard of each strain were used. The effect of inoculum size on DST results was determined by the proportion method in Lowenstein-Jensen (LJ) medium and nitrate reductase assay (NRA) in the LJ medium. In both test methods, the increase in inoculum size did not affect the DST results of the strains. On the contrary, DST results were obtained more rapidly as a result of the use of dense inoculum. DST results obtained in all McFarland turbidities were found to be 100% compatible with the recommended amount of inoculum, 1:100 dilution of 1 McFarland standard (inoculum size of gold standard method). In conclusion, the use of a high amount of inoculum did not change the drug susceptibility profile of tuberculosis bacilli. Minimizing manipulations during the inoculum preparation phase of susceptibility testing, this outcome will decrease the need for equipment and make the test application easier, particularly in developing countries. IMPORTANCE During DST application, it can be challenging to evenly homogenize TB cell clumps with lipid-rich cell walls. These experiments must be carried out under Biosafety Level-3 (BSL-3) laboratory conditions with personal protective equipment and taking safety precautions because the procedures applied at this stage cause the formation of bacillus-laden aerosols and carry a serious risk of transmission. Considering this situation, this stage is important given that it is not possible to establish a BSL-3 laboratory in poor and developing countries. Reducing the manipulations to be applied during the preparation of bacterial turbidity will minimize the risk of aerosol formation. Perhaps there will be no need to do these steps for susceptibility tests in these countries or even in developed countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubra Yildirim
- Akdeniz University Tuberculosis Research Center, Antalya, Turkey
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Cemilenur Atas
- Akdeniz University Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ece Simsek
- Akdeniz University Tuberculosis Research Center, Antalya, Turkey
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Antalya, Turkey
- Akdeniz University Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Antalya, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Yilmaz Coban
- Akdeniz University Tuberculosis Research Center, Antalya, Turkey
- Akdeniz University, Faculty of Health Sciences, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Antalya, Turkey
- Akdeniz University Institute of Health Sciences, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Antalya, Turkey
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162
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Hess C, Drauch V, Spergser J, Kornschober C, Hess M. Detection of Atypical Salmonella Infantis Phenotypes in Broiler Environmental Samples. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0010623. [PMID: 37166309 PMCID: PMC10269699 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00106-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
In numerous countries, strict and targeted measures concerning Salmonella monitoring and control are implemented and high quality of surveillance is ensured by obligatory investigation of samples from the primary production level of animals according to EN/ISO standards. Here, 2 phenotypic characteristics of Salmonella exhibited on compulsory media are crucial, namely, motility demonstrated on modified semisolid Rappaport Vassiliadis agar (MSRV), and production of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) on xylose lysine deoxycholate agar (XLD). In the present study, we describe the detection of Salmonella Infantis variants found in broiler environmental samples with major alterations in their growth characteristics on MSRV, XLD, and brilliant green-phenol red-agar (BPLS). The variants proved to be non-motile on MSRV and displayed non-confirming colony appearances on the previously mentioned selective agars. The growth spectrum comprised pinhead sized yellow colonies with small black centers, but also pinpoint sized colorless colonies, both colony types of regular shape. Our work contributes to highlight the finding of S. Infantis variants which possess more than one phenotypic deviation from the "typical" growth characteristics and by this limit the detection power of the actual obligatory used media. IMPORTANCE Salmonellosis caused by non-typhoidal Salmonella serovars is the second most frequently reported zoonotic disease in humans in the EU. The transmission of these agents is mainly via contaminated food of animal origin. In this context, poultry products are the main source of infection. Therefore, continuous and standardized surveillance of the prevalence of such Salmonella serovars at the primary production level is essential. Our findings show the phenotypic heterogeneity of the serovar Infantis and provide growth characteristics of atypical variants. Such variants pass unnoticed official screening methods, resulting in incorrect identification and being underrepresented in epidemiological surveillance programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Drauch
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christian Kornschober
- National Reference Centre for Salmonella, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael Hess
- Clinic for Poultry and Fish Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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163
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Stout AJ, Rittenberg ML, Shub M, Saad MK, Mirliani AB, Dolgin J, Kaplan DL. A Beefy-R culture medium: Replacing albumin with rapeseed protein isolates. Biomaterials 2023; 296:122092. [PMID: 36965281 PMCID: PMC10111969 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2023.122092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2023]
Abstract
The development of cost-effective serum-free media is essential for the economic viability of cultured meat. A key challenge facing this goal is the high-cost of recombinant albumin which is necessary in many serum-free media formulations, including a recently developed serum-free medium for bovine satellite cell (BSC) culture termed Beefy-9. Here we alter Beefy-9 by replacing recombinant albumin with rapeseed protein isolate (RPI), a bulk-protein solution obtained from agricultural waste through alkali extraction (pH 12.5), isoelectric protein precipitation (pH 4.5), dissolution of physiologically soluble proteins (pH 7.2), and concentration of proteins through 3 kDa ultrafiltration. This new medium, termed Beefy-R, was then used to culture BSCs over four passages, during which cells grew with an average doubling time of 26.6 h, showing improved growth compared with Beefy-9. In Beefy-R, BSCs maintained cell phenotype and myogenicity. Together, these results offer an effective, low-cost, and sustainable alternative to albumin for serum-free culture of muscle stem cells, thereby addressing a key hurdle facing cultured meat production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Stout
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Miriam L Rittenberg
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA; Biological Engineering Department, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Michelle Shub
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Michael K Saad
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Addison B Mirliani
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - James Dolgin
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Biomedical Engineering Department, Tissue Engineering Resource Center, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA.
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164
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Albureikan MOI, Alotaibi LMA. Antibacterial activity of chloroxylenol and thymol against pathogenic bacteria isolated from under long nails. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:3922-3930. [PMID: 37203816 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202305_32298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Fingernails are a perfect area for harboring bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella sp., Shigella sp., and Escherichia coli. These bacteria under the long nails may cause diseases due to the contact of nails with food or while biting the nails. Our study aimed to compare the antibacterial activity of chloroxylenol and thymol, two different detergent ingredients, on microorganisms isolated from long fingernails. This study was performed to raise awareness of the dangers of long nails and the importance of good nail hygiene. PATIENTS AND METHODS The present study was performed on female students at the Faculty of Science, King Abdelaziz University. Bacteria were isolated from under one finger nails and cultured on both McConkey agar and mannitol salt agar. After incubation, we isolated bacteria on nutrient agar. After that, we conducted several tests to determine the isolate type. Finally, we prepared three different concentrations of chloroxylenol and thymol to compare their effect on the isolated bacteria using antibacterial activity on Mueller-Hinton agar. RESULTS Two types of bacteria were isolated, pathogenic bacteria called Staphylococcus aureus and non-pathogenic bacteria called Staphylococcus epidermidis. Staphylococci have more sensitivity to chloroxylenol than thymol. In addition, chloroxylenol, at high concentrations had a more powerful antibacterial effect. CONCLUSIONS The results emphasized that fingernails could harbor pathogenic bacteria which are difficult to remove. Perfect hand hygiene is essential to prevent the spread of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M O I Albureikan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, King Abdelaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia.
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165
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Skinner OS, Blanco-Fernández J, Goodman RP, Kawakami A, Shen H, Kemény LV, Joesch-Cohen L, Rees MG, Roth JA, Fisher DE, Mootha VK, Jourdain AA. Salvage of ribose from uridine or RNA supports glycolysis in nutrient-limited conditions. Nat Metab 2023; 5:765-776. [PMID: 37198474 PMCID: PMC10229423 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-023-00774-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Glucose is vital for life, serving as both a source of energy and carbon building block for growth. When glucose is limiting, alternative nutrients must be harnessed. To identify mechanisms by which cells can tolerate complete loss of glucose, we performed nutrient-sensitized genome-wide genetic screens and a PRISM growth assay across 482 cancer cell lines. We report that catabolism of uridine from the medium enables the growth of cells in the complete absence of glucose. While previous studies have shown that uridine can be salvaged to support pyrimidine synthesis in the setting of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation deficiency1, our work demonstrates that the ribose moiety of uridine or RNA can be salvaged to fulfil energy requirements via a pathway based on: (1) the phosphorylytic cleavage of uridine by uridine phosphorylase UPP1/UPP2 into uracil and ribose-1-phosphate (R1P), (2) the conversion of uridine-derived R1P into fructose-6-P and glyceraldehyde-3-P by the non-oxidative branch of the pentose phosphate pathway and (3) their glycolytic utilization to fuel ATP production, biosynthesis and gluconeogenesis. Capacity for glycolysis from uridine-derived ribose appears widespread, and we confirm its activity in cancer lineages, primary macrophages and mice in vivo. An interesting property of this pathway is that R1P enters downstream of the initial, highly regulated steps of glucose transport and upper glycolysis. We anticipate that 'uridine bypass' of upper glycolysis could be important in the context of disease and even exploited for therapeutic purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Owen S Skinner
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Russell P Goodman
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Liver Center, Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Akinori Kawakami
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Hongying Shen
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Cellular and Molecular Physiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Yale Systems Biology Institute, Yale West Campus, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lajos V Kemény
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Dermatooncology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | | | | | | | - David E Fisher
- Cutaneous Biology Research Center, Department of Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Charlestown, MA, USA
| | - Vamsi K Mootha
- Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
- Department of Molecular Biology and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Alexis A Jourdain
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Lausanne, Epalinges, Switzerland.
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166
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Aldoss A, Lambarte R, Alsalleeh F. High-Glucose Media Reduced the Viability and Induced Differential Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines in Human Periodontal Ligament Fibroblasts. Biomolecules 2023; 13:690. [PMID: 37189437 PMCID: PMC10135982 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hyperglycemic condition in diabetic patients tends to exacerbate periodontitis severity. Thus, the influence of hyperglycemia on the biological and inflammatory response of periodontal ligament fibroblasts (PDLFs) needs to be elucidated. In this study, PDLFs were seeded in media containing glucose concentrations (5.5, 25, or 50 mM) and stimulated with 1 µg/mL of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). PDLFs' viability, cytotoxicity, and the migration ability were determined. The mRNA expression of Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and IL-23 (p19/p40), and Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 were analyzed; at 6 and 24 h, protein expression of IL-6 and IL-10 was also determined. PDLFs grown in 50 mM glucose medium showed lower viability. The 5.5 mM glucose led to the highest percentage of wound closure compared to 25 mM and 50 mM glucose with/without LPS. Additionally, 50 mM glucose with LPS exhibited the least migration ability among all groups. The expression of IL-6 was amplified significantly in LPS-stimulated cells in 50 mM glucose medium. IL-10 was constitutively expressed in different glucose concentrations, and LPS stimulation decreased it. IL-23 p40 was up-regulated after LPS stimulation in 50 mM glucose concentration. TLR-4 was highly expressed after LPS stimulation in all glucose concentrations. Hyperglycemic conditions limit PDLF proliferation and migration, and enhance the expression of certain pro-inflammatory cytokines to induce periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Aldoss
- Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
- Dental University Hospital, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rhodanne Lambarte
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Prince Naif Bin AbdulAziz Health Research Center, College of Dentistry, King Saud University Medical City, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahd Alsalleeh
- Restorative Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, P.O. Box 60169, Riyadh 11545, Saudi Arabia
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167
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Ali J, Joshi M, Ahmadi A, Strætkvern KO, Ahmad R. Increased growth temperature and vitamin B12 supplementation reduces the lag time for rapid pathogen identification in BHI agar and blood cultures. F1000Res 2023; 12:131. [PMID: 37122874 PMCID: PMC10133824 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129668.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Rapid diagnostics of pathogens is essential to prescribe appropriate antibiotic therapy. The current methods for pathogen detection require the bacteria to grow in a culture medium, which is time-consuming. This increases the mortality rate and global burden of antimicrobial resistance. Culture-free detection methods are still under development and are not common in the clinical routine. Therefore, decreasing the culture time for accurately detecting infection and resistance is vital for diagnosis. Methods: This study investigated easy-to-implement factors (in a minimal laboratory set-up), including inoculum size, incubation temperature, and additional supplementation (e.g., vitamin B12 and trace metals), that can significantly reduce the bacterial lag time (tlag). These factors were arranged in simple two-level factorial designs using Gram-positive cocci (Staphylococcus aureus), Gram-positive bacilli (Bacillus subtilis), and Gram-negative bacilli (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) bacteria, including clinical isolates with known antimicrobial resistance profiles. Blood samples spiked with a clinical isolate of E. coli CCUG 17620 (Culture Collection University of Gothenburg) were also tested to see the effect of elevated incubation temperature on bacterial growth in blood cultures. Results: We observed that increased incubation temperature (42°C) along with vitamin B12 supplementation significantly reduced the tlag (10 – 115 minutes or 4% - 49%) in pure clinical isolates and blood samples spiked with E. coli CCUG17620. In the case of the blood sample, PCR results also detected bacterial DNA after only 3h of incubation and at three times the CFU/mL. Conclusion: Enrichment of bacterial culture media with growth supplements such as vitamin B12 and increased incubation temperature can be a cheap and rapid method for the early detection of pathogens. This proof-of-concept study is restricted to a few bacterial strains and growth conditions. In the future, the effect of other growth conditions and difficult-to-culture bacteria should be explored to shorten the lag phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Mukund Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Asal Ahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Knut Olav Strætkvern
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Rafi Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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168
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Rodríguez‐Temporal D, Zvezdánova ME, Benedí P, Marín M, Blázquez‐Sánchez M, Ruiz‐Serrano MJ, Muñoz P, Rodríguez‐Sánchez B. Identification of Nocardia and non-tuberculous Mycobacterium species by MALDI-TOF MS using the VITEK MS coupled to IVD and RUO databases. Microb Biotechnol 2023; 16:778-783. [PMID: 36541026 PMCID: PMC10034632 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.14146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of Nocardia and Mycobacterium species by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is still a challenging task that requires both suitable protein extraction procedures and extensive databases. This study aimed to evaluate the VITEK MS Plus system coupled with updated RUO (v4.17) and IVD (v3.2) databases for the identification of Nocardia spp. and Mycobacterium spp. clinical isolates. Sample preparation was carried out using the VITEK MS Mycobacterium/Nocardia kit for protein extraction. From 90 Nocardia spp. isolates analysed, 86 (95.6%) were correctly identified at species or complex level using IVD and 78 (86.7%) using RUO. Only two strains were misidentified as other species pertaining to the same complex. Among the 106 non-tuberculous Mycobacterium clinical isolates tested from a liquid culture medium, VITEK MS identified correctly at species or complex level 96 (90.6%) isolates in the IVD mode and 89 (84.0%) isolates in the RUO mode. No misidentifications were detected. Although the IVD mode was unable to differentiate members of the M. fortuitum complex, the RUO mode correctly discriminated M. peregrinum and M. septicum. The robustness and accuracy showed by this system allow its implementation for routine identification of these microorganisms in clinical laboratories.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rodríguez‐Temporal
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases DepartmentHospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM)MadridSpain
| | - Margarita Estreya Zvezdánova
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases DepartmentHospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM)MadridSpain
| | - Pablo Benedí
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases DepartmentHospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM)MadridSpain
| | - Mercedes Marín
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases DepartmentHospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM)MadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058)MadridSpain
| | - Mario Blázquez‐Sánchez
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases DepartmentHospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM)MadridSpain
| | - María Jesús Ruiz‐Serrano
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases DepartmentHospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases DepartmentHospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM)MadridSpain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES CB06/06/0058)MadridSpain
- Medicine Department, Faculty of MedicineUniversidad Complutense de MadridMadridSpain
| | - Belén Rodríguez‐Sánchez
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases DepartmentHospital General Universitario Gregorio MarañónMadridSpain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM)MadridSpain
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169
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Karliner J, Merry DE. Differentiating PC12 cells to evaluate neurite densities through live-cell imaging. STAR Protoc 2023; 4:101993. [PMID: 36602900 PMCID: PMC9826846 DOI: 10.1016/j.xpro.2022.101993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Although PC12 cells are a valuable tool in neuroscience research, previously published PC12 cell differentiation techniques fail to consider the variability in differentiation rates between different PC12 cell strains and clonal variants. Here, we present a comprehensive protocol to differentiate PC12 cells into equivalent neurite densities through live-cell imaging for morphological, immunocytochemical, and biochemical analyses. We detail steps on optimized substrate coating, plating techniques, culture media, validation steps, and quantification techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordyn Karliner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Diane E Merry
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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170
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Zhao J, Shakir Y, Deng Y, Zhang Y. Use of modified ichip for the cultivation of thermo-tolerant microorganisms from the hot spring. BMC Microbiol 2023; 23:56. [PMID: 36869305 PMCID: PMC9983152 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-023-02803-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thermostable microorganisms are extremophiles. They have a special genetic background and metabolic pathway and can produce a variety of enzymes and other active substances with special functions. Most thermo-tolerant microorganisms from environmental samples have resisted cultivation on artificial growth media. Therefore, it is of great significance to isolate more thermo-tolerant microorganisms and study their characteristics to explore the origin of life and exploit more thermo-tolerant enzymes. Tengchong hot spring in Yunnan contains a lot of thermo-tolerant microbial resources because of its perennial high temperature. The ichip method was developed by D. Nichols in 2010 and can be used to isolate so-called "uncultivable" microorganisms from different environments. Here, we describe the first application of modified ichip to isolate thermo-tolerant bacteria from hot springs. RESULTS In this study, 133 strains of bacteria belonging to 19 genera were obtained. 107 strains of bacteria in 17 genera were isolated by modified ichip, and 26 strains of bacteria in 6 genera were isolated by direct plating methods. 25 strains are previously uncultured, 20 of which can only be cultivated after being domesticated by ichip. Two strains of previously unculturable Lysobacter sp., which can withstand 85 °C, were isolated for the first time. Alkalihalobacillus, Lysobacter and Agromyces genera were first found to have 85 °C tolerance. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the modified ichip approach can be successfully applied in a hot spring environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juntian Zhao
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yasmeen Shakir
- Department of Biochemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra, Pakistan
| | - Yulin Deng
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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171
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Mercaldo RA, Marshall JE, Cangelosi GA, Donohue M, Falkinham JO, Fierer N, French JP, Gebert MJ, Honda JR, Lipner EM, Marras TK, Morimoto K, Salfinger M, Stout J, Thomson R, Prevots DR. Environmental risk of nontuberculous mycobacterial infection: Strategies for advancing methodology. Tuberculosis (Edinb) 2023; 139:102305. [PMID: 36706504 PMCID: PMC10023322 DOI: 10.1016/j.tube.2023.102305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases organized a symposium in June 2022, to facilitate discussion of the environmental risks for nontuberculous mycobacteria exposure and disease. The expert researchers presented recent studies and identified numerous research gaps. This report summarizes the discussion and identifies six major areas of future research related to culture-based and culture independent laboratory methods, alternate culture media and culturing conditions, frameworks for standardized laboratory methods, improved environmental sampling strategies, validation of exposure measures, and availability of high-quality spatiotemporal data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A Mercaldo
- Division of Intramural Research, Epidemiology and Population Studies Unit, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Julia E Marshall
- Division of Intramural Research, Epidemiology and Population Studies Unit, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Gerard A Cangelosi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Maura Donohue
- United States Environmental Protection Agency, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, OH, USA.
| | | | - Noah Fierer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Joshua P French
- Department of Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Matthew J Gebert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
| | - Jennifer R Honda
- Center for Genes, Environment, and Health, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA.
| | - Ettie M Lipner
- Division of Intramural Research, Epidemiology and Population Studies Unit, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.
| | - Theodore K Marras
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto and University Health Network, Toronto, Canada.
| | - Kozo Morimoto
- Division of Clinical Research, Fukujuji Hospital, Japan Anti-Tuberculosis Association, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Max Salfinger
- College of Public Health & Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Janet Stout
- Special Pathogens Laboratory, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Swanson School of Engineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Rachel Thomson
- Gallipoli Medical Research Institute & Greenslopes Clinical School, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - D Rebecca Prevots
- Division of Intramural Research, Epidemiology and Population Studies Unit, NIAID, NIH, Rockville, MD, USA.
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172
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Mura T, Matsumoto T, Aso M, Kawamura K, Kanaya K, Iinuma Y. First reported isolation of hemin-requiring Proteus vulgaris small-colony variant from urine culture. J Infect Chemother 2023; 29:631-633. [PMID: 36996937 DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
A hemin-requiring Proteus vulgaris small-colony variant (SCV) was isolated from a urine culture. This isolate was grown on 5% sheep blood agar but not on modified Drigalski agar. The single nucleotide substitution was found in the SCV of the hemC gene (c.55C > T), and this substitution caused a nonsense mutation (p.Gln19Ter). Porphyrin test results showed that the biosynthesis of δ-aminolevulinic acid stopped up to porphobilinogen and not pre-uroporphyrinogen due to a mutation in the hemC gene. To our knowledge, this is the first report of hemin-requiring P. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuki Mura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Takehisa Matsumoto
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, Gunma University Graduate School of Health Sciences, 3-39-22 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8514, Japan
| | - Miyako Aso
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Kae Kawamura
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Kazumi Kanaya
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan
| | - Yoshitsugu Iinuma
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Kanazawa Medical University Hospital, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan; Department of Infectious Diseases, Kanazawa Medical University, 1-1 Daigaku, Uchinada, Kahoku, Ishikawa, 920-0293, Japan.
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173
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Orhan F, Ceyran E, Akincioğlu A. Optimization of ectoine production from Nesterenkonia xinjiangensis and one-step ectoine purification. Bioresour Technol 2023; 371:128646. [PMID: 36681344 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.128646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the optimization of ectoine production byNesterenkonia xinjiangensisand purification of ectoine from the bacterial cell extract were performed for the first time. Various carbon sources (glucose, sucrose, maltose, lactose, mannitol, and xylose) and nitrogen sources (ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium chloride, ammonium oxalate, ammonium sulphate, and ammonium acetate), were used to optimize ectoine production. Subsequently, the effects of salt, pH and, concentrations of carbon and nitrogen source on ectoine production were optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Ultimately, high pure (over 99%) and yield (98%) of ectoine from bacterial cells extracted was obtained by a single-step process using cation exchange chromatography. This study provides information that higher ectoine production can be achieved from this bacterial isolate by optimizing the factors influencing ectoine production and thus can be used as a new and alternative ectoine producer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furkan Orhan
- Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Art and Science Faculty, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, 4100 Agri, Turkey; Central Research and Application Laboratory, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey.
| | - Ertuğrul Ceyran
- Central Research and Application Laboratory, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
| | - Akın Akincioğlu
- Central Research and Application Laboratory, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey; Vocational School, Agri Ibrahim Cecen University, Agri, Turkey
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174
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Arruda MAZ, da Silva ABS, Kato LS. There Is Plenty of Room in Plant Science: Nanobiotechnology as an Emerging Area Applied to Somatic Embryogenesis. J Agric Food Chem 2023; 71:3651-3657. [PMID: 36786777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c08065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Somatic embryogenesis is an essential technology for high productivity in plant culture, and with the advent of nanotechnology, the synergism between these areas could be the answer to developing concepts involving Agriculture 4.0. This perspective permeates both areas, presenting the opportunities and challenges for the consolidation of ideas involving the application of nanoparticles to micropropagation processes (callus induction, preservation, growing, and modification, among others) and also to the production of byproducts (such as biosynthesis of nanoparticles and production of secondary metabolites). Nanotoxicological aspects are also emphasized as well as up-to-date instrumentation involved in these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Post Office Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Post Office Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Ana Beatriz Santos da Silva
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Post Office Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Post Office Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Lilian Seiko Kato
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Post Office Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (Unicamp), Post Office Box 6154, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
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175
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Ramírez-Villalobos JM, Gomez-Flores R, Velázquez-Flores PV, Morán-Santibáñez KS, Tamez-Guerra P, Pérez-González O, de la Garza-Ramos MA, Rodríguez-Padilla C, Romo-Sáenz CI. Effect of Culture Conditions of Lophocereus marginatus Endophytic Fungi on Yield and Anticancer and Antioxidant Activities. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:ijerph20053948. [PMID: 36900961 PMCID: PMC10001847 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20053948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Culture conditions affect the production of secondary metabolites in endophytic fungi. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the yield and anticancer and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi extracts from the cactus Lophocereus marginatus, under different culture conditions. The strains Penicillium citrinum, Aspergillus versicolor, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Cladosporium sp. were fermented in different culture media (potato dextrose agar, Czapeck broth, and malt broth), types of inoculums (spore or mycelium), and shaking conditions (150 rpm or static) for one week. Methanol extracts were obtained from mycelia, which was followed by determining their yields and evaluating their effect on L5178Y-R murine lymphoma cells growth and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) viability, using the 3-[4,5dimethylthiazol-2-yl]2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide reduction colorimetric assay. In addition, antioxidant activity was determined by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl test. We determined the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of tumor cell growth inhibition, the selectivity index (SI), and the antioxidant activity, as compared with the healthy cells control. The best yields were obtained with the Czapeck broth medium in all the evaluated strains, reaching values of 50.3%. Of the 48 extracts evaluated, only seven significantly (p < 0.01) inhibited tumor cell growth (IC50 < 250 µg/mL). A. versicolor extract showed the highest anticancer activity, after culturing spores (IC50 = 49.62 µg/mL; SI = 15.8) or mycelium (IC50 = 69.67 µg/mL; SI = 12.2) in malt broth, under static conditions. Extracts did not present significant antioxidant activity. In conclusion, we showed that culture conditions influenced the anticancer activity of L. marginatus endophytic fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesica María Ramírez-Villalobos
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Gomez-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Priscilla Viridiana Velázquez-Flores
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Karla Selene Morán-Santibáñez
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Patricia Tamez-Guerra
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Orquídea Pérez-González
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - Myriam Angélica de la Garza-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación y Desarrollo en Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Dr. Eduardo Aguirre Pequeño y Silao S/N, Colonia Mitras Centro, Monterrey 64460, Mexico
| | - Cristina Rodríguez-Padilla
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
| | - César Iván Romo-Sáenz
- Departamento de Microbiología e Inmunología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León, San Nicolás de los Garza 66455, Mexico
- Universidad Emiliano Zapata, Avenida Rodrigo Gómez, Sector Heroico S/N, Monterrey 64260, Mexico
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176
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McGlennen M, Dieser M, Foreman CM, Warnat S. Monitoring biofilm growth and dispersal in real-time with impedance biosensors. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 50:kuad022. [PMID: 37653441 PMCID: PMC10485796 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuad022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Microbial biofilm contamination is a widespread problem that requires precise and prompt detection techniques to effectively control its growth. Microfabricated electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) biosensors offer promise as a tool for early biofilm detection and monitoring of elimination. This study utilized a custom flow cell system with integrated sensors to make real-time impedance measurements of biofilm growth under flow conditions, which were correlated with confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) imaging. Biofilm growth on EIS biosensors in basic aqueous growth media (tryptic soy broth, TSB) and an oil-water emulsion (metalworking fluid, MWF) attenuated in a sigmoidal decay pattern, which lead to an ∼22-25% decrease in impedance after 24 Hrs. Subsequent treatment of established biofilms increased the impedance by ∼14% and ∼41% in TSB and MWF, respectively. In the presence of furanone C-30, a quorum-sensing inhibitor (QSI), impedance remained unchanged from the initial time point for 18 Hrs in TSB and 72 Hrs in MWF. Biofilm changes enumerated from CLSM imaging corroborated impedance measurements, with treatment significantly reducing biofilm. Overall, these results support the application of microfabricated EIS biosensors for evaluating the growth and dispersal of biofilm in situ and demonstrate potential for use in industrial settings. ONE-SENTENCE SUMMARY This study demonstrates the use of microfabricated electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) biosensors for real-time monitoring and treatment evaluation of biofilm growth, offering valuable insights for biofilm control in industrial settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew McGlennen
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Markus Dieser
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Christine M Foreman
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
| | - Stephan Warnat
- Center for Biofilm Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
- Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT 59717, USA
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177
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Terrones-Fernandez I, Casino P, López A, Peiró S, Ríos S, Nardi-Ricart A, García-Montoya E, Asensio D, Marqués AM, Castilla R, Gamez-Montero PJ, Piqué N. Improvement of the Pour Plate Method by Separate Sterilization of Agar and Other Medium Components and Reduction of the Agar Concentration. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0316122. [PMID: 36625633 PMCID: PMC9927588 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03161-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the pour plate method is widely employed in microbiological quality control, it has certain drawbacks, including having to melt the culture medium before seeding. In this study, the preparation of the culture medium was modified by using a lower concentration of agar (10 g/L), which was separated from the nutrients during sterilization. The new protocol was assessed in media frequently used in microbiological quality control of food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical products, with tryptic soy agar (TSA), Sabouraud 4% dextrose agar (SDA), and violet red bile glucose agar (VRBG). In comparison with the conventionally produced media, the modifications significantly improved the growth of Saccharomyces cerevisiae in SDA, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, and Candida albicans in TSA and Escherichia coli ATCC 8739 and ATCC 25922 and S. Typhimurium in VRBG. The modified VRBG was also more selective for Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Regarding physicochemical properties, a significantly lower pH was observed in TSA and VRBG and lower strength values in TSA. Sterilizing agar separately from the other components of the medium and reducing the agar concentration to 10 g/L can improve microorganism growth and enhance the selectivity of differential media in the pour plate method. These modifications could facilitate the automation of this culture technique. IMPORTANCE In the era of rapid microbiological methods, there is a need to improve long-established culture techniques. Drawbacks of the pour plate method include having to melt each medium separately before seeding. For this technique, we demonstrate that separating the agar from the other components of commonly used media during sterilization and reducing the agar concentration to 10 g/L can enhance microbial growth. The new protocol could have advantages in routine laboratory practice because less agar is required and the same molten agar suspension can be used to prepare different media. Moreover, these modifications could facilitate the automation of the pour plate method.
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Affiliation(s)
- I. Terrones-Fernandez
- Department of Quality Control, Reactivos para Diagnóstico, S.L. (RPD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- CATMech. Department of Fluid Mechanics, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P. Casino
- Department of Quality Control, Reactivos para Diagnóstico, S.L. (RPD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A. López
- Department of Quality Control, Reactivos para Diagnóstico, S.L. (RPD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S. Peiró
- Department of Quality Control, Reactivos para Diagnóstico, S.L. (RPD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - S. Ríos
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics, Biology Faculty, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Human Nutrition Unit, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A. Nardi-Ricart
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - E. García-Montoya
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Pharmacotherapy, Pharmacogenetics and Pharmaceutical Technology Research Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Catalonia, Spain
| | - D. Asensio
- Department of Quality Control, Reactivos para Diagnóstico, S.L. (RPD), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - A. M. Marqués
- Microbiology Section, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - R. Castilla
- CATMech. Department of Fluid Mechanics, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P. J. Gamez-Montero
- CATMech. Department of Fluid Mechanics, Universitat Politecnica de Catalunya, Terrassa, Catalonia, Spain
| | - N. Piqué
- Microbiology Section, Department of Biology, Healthcare and Environment, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
- Institut de Recerca en Nutrició i Seguretat Alimentària de la UB (INSA-UB), Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
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178
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Koh B, Sulaiman N, Fauzi MB, Law JX, Ng MH, Yuan TL, Azurah AGN, Mohd Yunus MH, Idrus RBH, Yazid MD. A Three-Dimensional Xeno-Free Culture Condition for Wharton's Jelly-Mesenchymal Stem Cells: The Pros and Cons. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043745. [PMID: 36835154 PMCID: PMC9960744 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Xeno-free three-dimensional cultures are gaining attention for mesenchymal stem cell (MSCs) expansion in clinical applications. We investigated the potential of xeno-free serum alternatives, human serum and human platelet lysate, to replace the current conventional use of foetal bovine serum for subsequent MSCs microcarrier cultures. In this study, Wharton's Jelly MSCs were cultured in nine different media combinations to identify the best xeno-free culture media for MSCs culture. Cell proliferation and viability were identified, and the cultured MSCs were characterised in accordance with the minimal criteria for defining multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells by the International Society for Cellular Therapy (ISCT). The selected culture media was then used in the microcarrier culture of MSCs to determine the potential of a three-dimensional culture system in the expansion of MSCs for future clinical applications, and to identify the immunomodulatory potential of cultured MSCs. Low Glucose DMEM (LG) + Human Platelet (HPL) lysate media appeared to be good candidates for replacing conventional MSCs culture media in our monolayer culture system. MSCs cultured in LG-HPL achieved high cell yield, with characteristics that remained as described by ISCT, although the overall mitochondrial activity of the cells was lower than the control and the subsequent effects remained unknown. MSC microcarrier culture, on the other hand, showed comparable cell characteristics with monolayer culture, yet had stagnated cell proliferation, which is potentially due to the inactivation of FAK. Nonetheless, both the MSCs monolayer culture and the microcarrier culture showed high suppressive activity on TNF-α, and only the MSC microcarrier culture has a better suppression of IL-1 secretion. In conclusion, LG-HPL was identified as a good xeno-free media for WJMSCs culture, and although further mechanistic research is needed, the results show that the xeno-free three-dimensional culture maintained MSC characteristics and improved immunomodulatory activities, suggesting the potential of translating the monolayer culture into this culture system in MSC expansion for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benson Koh
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Ming Medical Sdn Bhd, D3-3 (2nd Floor), Block D3 Dana 1 Commercial Centre, Jalan PJU 1a/46, Petaling Jaya 47301, Malaysia
| | - Nadiah Sulaiman
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mh Busra Fauzi
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Jia Xian Law
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Min Hwei Ng
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Too Lih Yuan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Ghani Nur Azurah
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Heikal Mohd Yunus
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Ruszymah Bt Hj Idrus
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering & Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +60-3-9145-6995
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179
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Ali J, Joshi M, Ahmadi A, Strætkvern KO, Ahmad R. Increased growth temperature and vitamin B12 supplementation reduces the lag time for rapid pathogen identification in BHI agar and blood cultures. F1000Res 2023; 12:131. [PMID: 37122874 PMCID: PMC10133824 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.129668.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The rapid diagnostics of pathogens is essential to prescribe appropriate and early antibiotic therapy. The current methods for pathogen detection require the bacteria to grow in a culture medium, which is time-consuming. This increases the mortality rate and the global burden of antimicrobial resistance. Culture-free detection methods are still under development and are not used in the clinical routine. Therefore decreasing the culture time for accurate detection of infection and resistance is vital for diagnosis. Methods: In this study, we wanted to investigate easy-to-implement factors (in a minimal laboratory set-up), including inoculum size, incubation temperature, and additional supplementation (e.g., vitamin B12 and trace metals), that can significantly reduce the lag time (tlag). These factors were arranged in simple two-level factorial designs using Gram-positive (Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and Gram-negative (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) bacteria, including clinical isolates with known antimicrobial resistance profiles. Blood samples spiked with a clinical isolate of E. coli CCUG17620 were also tested to see the effect of elevated incubation temperature on bacterial growth in blood cultures. Results: We observed that increased incubation temperature (42°C) along with vitamin B12 supplementation significantly reduced the tlag (10 – 115 minutes or 4% - 49%) in pure clinical isolates and blood samples spiked with E. coli CCUG17620. In the case of the blood sample, PCR results also detected bacterial DNA after only 3h of incubation and at three times the CFU/mL. Conclusions: Enrichment of bacterial culture media with growth supplements such as vitamin B12 and increased incubation temperature can be a cheap and rapid method for the early detection of pathogens. This is a proof-of-concept study restricted to a few bacterial strains and growth conditions. In the future, the effect of other growth conditions and difficult-to-culture bacteria should be explored to shorten the lag phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jawad Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Mukund Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Asal Ahmadi
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Knut Olav Strætkvern
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
| | - Rafi Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Hamar, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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180
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Das A, Bhuyan D, Lalmalsawma T, Das PP, Koushik S, Chauhan MS, Bhuyan M. Propagation of porcine spermatogonial stem cells in serum-free culture conditions using knockout serum replacement. Reprod Domest Anim 2023; 58:219-229. [PMID: 36222382 DOI: 10.1111/rda.14278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In vitro culture and expansion of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) is an essential prerequisite to enhancing livestock productivity through SSC transplantation. Most of the culture media have been observed to be supplemented with serum. However, the use of serum in culture media may exert detrimental effects on SSC maintenance in vitro. An attempt was made to culture SSCs by replacing serum with 5% 'Knockout Serum Replacement (KSR)' in Doom pig (Sus domesticus), one of the valued indigenous germplasm of North-East India. Testes from 7 to 15 days old piglets were used for isolation, enrichment and in vitro culture of putative SSCs using serum-based and serum-free culture media. The cells were characterized for SSC-specific pluripotent markers expression by immunofluorescence staining and quantitative real-time PCR. The diameter and number of SSC colonies were recorded on days 9, 20 and 30 of culture. Similar morphologies of the SSC colonies were observed in both serum-based and serum-free culture conditions. Colony diameter and colony number were non-significantly higher in serum-free than serum-based media. The cells from both the culture conditions showed high alkaline phosphatase activity. The expression of SSC-specific pluripotent markers was observed in immunofluorescence and quantitative real-time PCR study. The present study revealed that SSCs from porcine species could be maintained in vitro for up to 30 days in serum-free culture using 5% KSR, which is believed to be a promising protein source for improving livestock production, and health care along with their conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Das
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Dipak Bhuyan
- Department of Animal Reproduction, Gynaecology & Obstetrics, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Timothy Lalmalsawma
- Department of Animal Genetics & Breeding, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | - Partha Pratim Das
- Department of Biotechnology, North East Hill University, Shillong, India
| | - Simanta Koushik
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Science, Assam Agricultural University, Guwahati, India
| | | | - Mandakranta Bhuyan
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, Mumbai Veterinary College, Mumbai, India
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181
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Liu J, Li H, Zhang X, Yue L, Lu W, Ma S, Zhu Z, Wang D, Zhu H, Wang J. Cost-Efficient Production of the Sphingan WL Gum by Sphingomonas sp. WG Using Molasses and Sucrose as the Carbon Sources. Mar Biotechnol (NY) 2023; 25:192-203. [PMID: 36635576 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-022-10193-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The polysaccharide WL gum is produced by the marine microorganism Sphingomonas sp. WG and presents great commercial utility potential in many industries especially in oil industries. However, the high fermentation cost limits its wide application. Therefore, an efficient production system at a lower cost was established using beet molasses to partially replace the commonly used carbon sources. Four different molasses were screened and their composition was investigated. One-factor design and RSM statistical analysis were employed to optimize the WL gum fermentation medium. The effects of molasses on the rheological properties and gene expression of WL gum were also investigated. The results showed that the pretreated beet molasses generated both high broth viscosity and WL gum production (12.94 Pa·s and 11.16 g/L). Heavy metal ions and ash were found to be the key factors in unpretreated and pretreated molasses affecting WL production. The cost-efficient production medium contained (g/L): sucrose 61.79, molasses 9.95, yeast extract 1.23, K2HPO4 1, MgSO4 0.1, ZnSO4 0.1 and the WL gum production reached 40.25 ± 1.15 g/L. The WL gum product WL-molasses showed the higher apparent viscosity, and viscous modulus and elastic modulus than WL-sucrose and WL-mix, which might be related to its highest molecular mass. The higher expressional level of genes such as pgm, ugp, ugd, rmlA, welS, and welG in WL gum synthesis in the mixed carbon source medium caused the high production and broth viscosity. This work provided a cost-efficient method for WL gum production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuanyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaohua Ma
- Petroleum Industry Training Center, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyu Zhu
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Jinan, Jinan, 250022, People's Republic of China
| | - Dong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Hu Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Science, Fujian-Taiwan Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Biomedical Materials and Tissue Engineering, Engineering Research Center of Industrial Biocatalysis, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
- College of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou, 362000, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jiqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing and Centre for Bioengineering and Biotechnology, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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Drożdżyńska A, Wawrzyniak J, Kubiak P, Przybylak M, Białas W, Czaczyk K. Optimization and Modeling of Citrobacter freundii AD119 Growth and 1,3-Propanediol Production Using Two-Step Statistical Experimental Design and Artificial Neural Networks. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:s23031266. [PMID: 36772306 PMCID: PMC9919890 DOI: 10.3390/s23031266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
1,3-propanediol (1,3-PD) has a wide range of industrial applications. The most studied natural producers capable of fermenting glycerol to 1,3-PD belong to the genera Klebsiella, Citrobacter, and Clostridium. In this study, the optimization of medium composition for the biosynthesis of 1,3-PD by Citrobacter freundii AD119 was performed using the one-factor-at-a-time method (OFAT) and a two-step statistical experimental design. Eleven mineral components were tested for their impact on the process using the Plackett-Burman design. MgSO4 and CoCl2 were found to have the most pronounced effect. Consequently, a central composite design was used to optimize the concentration of these mineral components. Besides minerals, carbon and nitrogen sources were also optimized. Partial glycerol substitution with other carbon sources was found not to improve the bioconversion process. Moreover, although yeast extract was found to be the best nitrogen source, it was possible to replace it in part with (NH4)2SO4 without a negative impact on 1,3-PD production. As a part of the optimization procedure, an artificial neural network model of the growth of C. freundii and 1,3-PD production was developed as a predictive tool supporting the design and control of the bioprocess under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Drożdżyńska
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Jolanta Wawrzyniak
- Department of Dairy and Process Engineering, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Piotr Kubiak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Martyna Przybylak
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Wojciech Białas
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Czaczyk
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Microbiology, Faculty of Food Science and Nutrition, Poznań University of Life Sciences, 60-624 Poznań, Poland
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183
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Krechetov SP, Vtorushina VV, Inviyaeva EV, Gorodnova EA, Kolesnik SV, Kudlay DA, Borovikov PI, Krechetova LV, Dolgushina NV, Sukhikh GT. T-Cell Immunity in COVID-19-Recovered Individuals and Individuals Vaccinated with the Combined Vector Vaccine Gam-COVID-Vac. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031930. [PMID: 36768254 PMCID: PMC9916700 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has required extensive research on the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and the creation of new highly effective vaccines. The presence of T-cells in the body that respond to virus antigens suggests adequate antiviral immunity. We investigated T-cell immunity in individuals who recovered from mild and moderate COVID-19 and in individuals vaccinated with the Gam-COVID-Vac combined vector vaccine. The ELISPOT method was used to determine the number of T-cells responding with IFN-γ synthesis to stimulation by peptides containing epitopes of the S-protein or N-, M-, ORF3, and ORF7 proteins, using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). At the same time, the multiplex method was used to determine the accumulation of IFN-γ and other cytokines in the culture medium. According to the data obtained, the proportion of positive conclusions about the T-cell immune response to SARS-CoV-2 antigens in control, recovered, and vaccinated individuals was 12%, 70%, and 52%, respectively. At the same time, more than half of the vaccinated individuals with a T-cell response were sensitized to the antigens of N-, M-, ORF3, and ORF7 proteins not produced by Gam-COVID-Vac, indicating a high likelihood of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection. Increased IFN-γ release by single sensitized T-cells in response to specific stimulation in recovered and vaccinated individuals did not result in the accumulation of this and other cytokines in the culture medium. These findings suggest a balance between cytokine production and utilization by immunocompetent cells as a prerequisite for providing a controlled cytokine signal and avoiding a "cytokine storm".
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey Petrovich Krechetov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Valentina Valentinovna Vtorushina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Evgenia Vladimirovna Inviyaeva
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Aleksandrovna Gorodnova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +7-(916)564-77-69
| | - Svetlana Vladimirovna Kolesnik
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dmitry Anatolievich Kudlay
- NRC Institute of Immunology FMBA of Russia, 115522 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Pharmacology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Pavel Igorevich Borovikov
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Liubov Valentinovna Krechetova
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
| | - Nataliya Vitalievna Dolgushina
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Gennady Tikhonovich Sukhikh
- National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology Named after Academician V.I., Kulakov of the Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, 117997 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, Perinatology and Reproductology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), 119991 Moscow, Russia
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184
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Straub H, Zuber F, Eberl L, Maniura-Weber K, Ren Q. In Situ Investigation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Biofilm Development: Interplay between Flow, Growth Medium, and Mechanical Properties of Substrate. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:2781-2791. [PMID: 36601891 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To better understand the impact of biomaterial mechanical properties and growth medium on bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation under flow, we investigated the biofilm formation ability of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in different media on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) of different stiffness in real time using a microfluidic platform. P. aeruginosa colonization was recorded with optical microscopy and automated image analysis. The bacterial intracellular level of cyclic diguanylate (c-di-GMP), which regulates biofilm formation, was monitored using the transcription of the putative adhesin gene (cdrA) as a proxy. Contrary to the previous supposition, we revealed that PDMS material stiffness within the tested range has negligible impact on biofilm development and biofilm structures, whereas culture media not only influence the kinetics of biofilm development but also affect the biofilm morphology and structure dramatically. Interestingly, magnesium rather than previously reported calcium was identified here to play a decisive role in the formation of dense P. aeruginosa aggregates and high levels of c-di-GMP. These results demonstrate that although short-term adhesion assays bring valuable insight into bacterial and material interactions, long-term evaluations are essential to better predict overall biofilm outcome. The microfluidic system developed here presents a valuable application potential for studying biofilm development in situ. .
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Affiliation(s)
- Hervé Straub
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen CH-9014, Switzerland
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - Flavia Zuber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen CH-9014, Switzerland
| | - Leo Eberl
- Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of Zürich, Zürich CH-8008, Switzerland
| | - Katharina Maniura-Weber
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen CH-9014, Switzerland
| | - Qun Ren
- Laboratory for Biointerfaces, Empa, Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology, St. Gallen CH-9014, Switzerland
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185
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Figueiredo G, Costa CP, Lourenço J, Caetano T, Rocha SM, Mendo S. Linking Pedobacter lusitanus NL19 volatile exometabolome with growth medium composition: what can we learn using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry? Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:2613-2627. [PMID: 36631573 PMCID: PMC10149447 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04505-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Microbial metabolomics allows understanding and to comprehensively analyse metabolites, and their related cellular and metabolic processes, that are produced and released to the extracellular environment under specific conditions. In that regard, the main objective of this research is to understand the impact of culture media changes in the metabolic profile of Pedobacter lusitanus NL19 (NL19) and Pedobacter himalayensis MTCC 6384 (MTCC6384) and respective influence on the production of biotechnologically relevant compounds. Solid-phase microextraction combined with comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled to time-of-flight mass spectrometry with time-of-flight analyser (GC × GC-ToFMS) was applied to comprehensively study the metabolites produced by NL19 and MTCC6384 both in tryptic soy broth 100% (TSB100) and tryptic soy broth with 25% casein peptone (PC25). A total of 320 metabolites were putatively identified, which belong to different chemical families: alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ethers, hydrocarbons, ketones, nitrogen compounds, sulphur compounds, monoterpenes, and sesquiterpenes. Metabolites that were statistically different from the control (sterile medium) were selected allowing for the construction of the metabolic profile of both strains. A set of 80 metabolites was tentatively associated to the metabolic pathways such as the metabolism of fatty acids, branched-chain aminoacids, phenylalanine, methionine, aromatic compounds, and monoterpene and sesquiterpene biosynthesis. This study allowed to better understand how slight changes of the culture media and thus the composition of nutrients impair the metabolic profile of bacteria, which may be further explored for metabolomics pipeline construction or biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Figueiredo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Carina Pedrosa Costa
- Department of Chemistry & LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Joana Lourenço
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Caetano
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Sílvia M Rocha
- Department of Chemistry & LAQV-REQUIMTE, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
| | - Sónia Mendo
- Department of Biology & CESAM, University of Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal.
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186
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Asada R, Yamada Y, Sakamoto JJ, Furuta M, Tsuchido T. Theory and application of growth delay analysis of colony formation for evaluation of injured population of the stressed fungal conidia. J Microorg Control 2023; 28:93-100. [PMID: 37866901 DOI: 10.4265/jmc.28.3_93] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
A new concept of injured population assessment is proposed, in which the size of the injured population in stressed mold spores is evaluated by analyzing the colony formation process on a solid agar medium. In this method, a small paper disc containing mold spores is placed on a subculture agar plate, and the linear increase in the radius of the colony formed by development from the spore is measured over time. Then, the principle of the previously reported growth delay analysis (GDA) method originally using a liquid medium is applied to obtain the integrated viable ratio (IV) of the stressed population from the delay time relative to the growth of the unstressed population. On the other hand, the viable ratio (V) to the initial value as the colony count obtained with the stressed culture is obtained; the difference between the logarithms of V and IV is determined as the log number of the injured population. Applying this analysis method to heated spores of Cladosporium sphaerospermum, we determined the size of the injured population that occurred. This method was considered to be effective as a new method for quantifying injured populations using a solid medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryoko Asada
- Research Center of Microorganism Control, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University
- Department of Quantum and Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Yoshie Yamada
- Research Center of Microorganism Control, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Jin J Sakamoto
- Research Center of Microorganism Control, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University
- MPES-3U and Faculty of Materials, Chemistry and Biotechnology, Kansai University
| | - Masakazu Furuta
- Research Center of Microorganism Control, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University
- Department of Quantum and Radiation Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University
| | - Tetsuaki Tsuchido
- Research Center of Microorganism Control, Organization for Research Promotion, Osaka Prefecture University
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187
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Muto H, Miyazaki J, Sawayama S, Takai K, Nakagawa S. A Simple and Effective Method for Solid Medium Cultivation of Strictly Hydrogen- and Sulfur-oxidizing Chemolithoautotrophs Predominant in Deep-sea Hydrothermal Fields. Microbes Environ 2023; 38:ME23072. [PMID: 38104970 PMCID: PMC10728628 DOI: 10.1264/jsme2.me23072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Strictly hydrogen- and sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophic bacteria, particularly members of the phyla Campylobacterota and Aquificota, have a cosmopolitan distribution in deep-sea hydrothermal fields. The successful cultivation of these microorganisms in liquid media has provided insights into their physiological, evolutionary, and ecological characteristics. Notably, recent population genetic studies on Sulfurimonas (Campylobacterota) and Persephonella (Aquificota) revealed geographic separation in their populations. Advances in this field of research are largely dependent on the availability of pure cultures, which demand labor-intensive liquid cultivation procedures, such as dilution-to-extinction, given the longstanding assumption that many strictly or facultatively anaerobic chemolithoautotrophs cannot easily form colonies on solid media. We herein describe a simple and cost-effective approach for cultivating these chemolithoautotrophs on solid media. The results obtained suggest that not only the choice of gelling agent, but also the gas phase composition significantly affect the colony-forming ratio of diverse laboratory strains. The use of gellan gum as a gelling agent combined with high concentrations of H2 and CO2 in a pouch bag promoted the formation of colonies. This contrasted with the absence of colony formation on an agar-solidified medium, in which thiosulfate served as an electron donor, nitrate as an electron acceptor, and bicarbonate as a carbon source, placed in anaerobic jars under an N2 atmosphere. Our method efficiently isolated chemolithoautotrophs from a deep-sea vent sample, underscoring its potential value in research requiring pure cultures of hydrogen- and sulfur-oxidizing chemolithoautotrophs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Muto
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Microbiology, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan
| | - Junichi Miyazaki
- Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC), 2–15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237–0061, Japan
| | - Shigeki Sawayama
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Microbiology, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan
| | - Ken Takai
- Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC), 2–15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237–0061, Japan
- Deep-Sea and Deep Subsurface Life Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), 5–1 Higashiyama Myodaiji, Okazaki 444–8787, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Marine Environmental Microbiology, Division of Applied Biosciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Oiwake-cho, Kitashirakawa, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606–8502, Japan
- Institute for Extra-cutting-edge Science and Technology Avant-garde Research (X-star), Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC), 2–15 Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka 237–0061, Japan
- Deep-Sea and Deep Subsurface Life Research Group, Exploratory Research Center on Life and Living Systems (ExCELLS), National Institutes of Natural Sciences (NINS), 5–1 Higashiyama Myodaiji, Okazaki 444–8787, Japan
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188
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Le SB, Nordborg A, Josefsen KD, Olsen SM, Sletta H. Cultivation of Mycolicibacterium spp. Mutants in Miniaturized and High-Throughput Format to Characterize Their Growth, Phytosterol Conversion Ability, and Resistance to the Steroid Products. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2704:185-200. [PMID: 37642845 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3385-4_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
This chapter describes methods for cultivation and characterization of the growth of Mycolicibacterium spp. mutants in a microbioreactor system in the presence of steroids and/or phytosterols followed by high-throughput mass spectrometry analysis to describe their ability to convert phytosterols into the target steroid androstenedione (AD). We focus on Mycolicibacterium neoaurum NRRL B-3805 ΔkstD which can convert phytosterol into androstenedione (AD) as one of its major steroid products, and mutants thereof with increased tolerance towards this end-product. By using BioLector 48-well plates with optodes at the bottom of each well, bacterial growth can be monitored online despite the turbidity of the growth medium resulting from non-dissolved phytosterol and steroid particles. To cope with the large number of samples that accumulate during growth experiments in microbioreactors and similar formats (e.g., microtiter plates), protocols for extraction and subsequent RapidFire-MS analysis are presented. This reduces the analysis time per sample to 10 s from 10 min required for regular LC-MS analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Balzer Le
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna Nordborg
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway.
| | | | - Silje Malene Olsen
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Sletta
- Department of Biotechnology and Nanomedicine, SINTEF Industry, Trondheim, Norway
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189
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Zahija I, Jeršek B, Demšar L, Polak ML, Polak T. Production of Aflatoxin B1 by Aspergillus parasiticus Grown on a Novel Meat-Based Media. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 15:25. [PMID: 36668845 PMCID: PMC9866511 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15010025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop meat-based media with compositions similar to those of dry-fermented meat products and to evaluate their use in studying the growth of Aspergillus parasiticus and the kinetics of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) production. In our previous experiments, we found that the strain A. parasiticus ŽMJ7 produced a high amount of AFB1. Cooked meat agar (CMA2) was used as a novel complex meat-based medium with four variations: CMA2G (CMA2 supplemented with 1% glucose), CMA2YE (CMA2 supplemented with 0.2% yeast extract), and CMA2GYE (CMA2 supplemented with 1% glucose and 0.2% yeast extract). Media were inoculated with an A. parasiticus spore suspension (105 spores/mL) and incubated at 25 °C for up to 15 days. The A. parasiticus lag phase lasted less than 1 day, irrespective of the growth medium, with the exception of control medium CMA1 (cooked meat agar) as an already known meat-based medium. The highest mean colony growth rate was observed on CMA2 and CMA2G. Reversed-phase UPLC-MS/MS analysis was performed to determine the AFB1 concentration in combination with solid phase extraction (SPE). The highest AFB1 concentration in meat-based media was detected in CMA2GYE after 15 days of incubation (13,502 ± 2367 ng/mL media). The results showed that for studying AFB1 production in dry-fermented meat products, novel suitable media such as CMA2-based media are required. This finding could represent a potential concern with regard to the production of dry-fermented meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Tomaž Polak
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Jamnikarjeva 101, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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190
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Zhang X, Wang X, Bao Y, Shen Z, Xu Y, Wang B, Zhang H, Guan T, He Y. Phase Contrast Image-Based Rapid Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing of Bacteria in Liquid Culture Media. Sensors (Basel) 2022; 23:59. [PMID: 36616654 PMCID: PMC9824109 DOI: 10.3390/s23010059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the world is facing the problem of bacterial resistance, which threatens public health, and bacterial antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) plays an important role in biomedicine, dietary safety and aquaculture. Traditional AST methods take a long time, usually 16-24 h, and cannot meet the demand for rapid diagnosis in the clinic, so rapid AST methods are needed to shorten the detection time. In this study, by using an in-house built centrifuge to centrifuge bacteria in a liquid medium onto the inner wall of the bottom surface of a counting plate, and using a phase contrast microscope to track bacterial growth under the effect of different antibiotic concentrations, the results of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of bacteria under the effect of antibiotics can be obtained in as early as 4 h. We used a combination of E. coli and tigecycline and obtained MIC results that were consistent with those obtained using the gold standard broth micro-dilution method, demonstrating the validity of our method; due to the time advantage, the complete set can be used in the future for point of care and clinical applications, helping physicians to quickly obtain the MIC used to inhibit bacterial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Zhang
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Xuenian Wang
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yaqing Bao
- GBA Center for Medical Device Evaluation and Inspection, National Medical Products Administration, Shenzhen 518045, China
| | - Zhiyuan Shen
- Medical Optical Technology R&D Center, Research Institute of Tsinghua, Pearl River Delta, Guangzhou 510700, China
| | - Yang Xu
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Bei Wang
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Haowei Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Tian Guan
- School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yonghong He
- Institute of Optical Imaging and Sensing, Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Minimal Invasive Medical Technologies, Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Department of Physics, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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191
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Watanabe M, Igarashi K, Kato S, Kamagata Y, Kitagawa W. Critical Effect of H 2O 2 in the Agar Plate on the Growth of Laboratory and Environmental Strains. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0333622. [PMID: 36321925 PMCID: PMC9769597 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03336-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously showed that autoclaving in preparing agar media is one of the sources of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in the medium. This medium-embedded H2O2 was shown to lower the total colony count of environmental microorganisms. However, the critical concentrations of H2O2 detrimental to colony formation on the agar plate remain largely undetermined. Herein, we elucidated the specific effect of H2O2 on microbial colony formation on solid agar medium by external supplementation of varying amounts of H2O2. While common laboratory strains (often called domesticated microbes) formed colonies in the presence of high H2O2 concentrations (48.8 μM or higher), microbes from a freshwater sample demonstrated greatly decreased colony counts in the presence of 8.3 μM H2O2. This implies that environmental microbes are susceptible to much lower concentrations of H2O2 than laboratory strains. Among the emergent colonies on agar plates supplemented with different H2O2 concentrations, the relative abundance of betaproteobacterial colonies was found to be lower on plates containing higher amounts of H2O2. Further, the growth of the representative betaproteobacterial isolates was completely inhibited in the presence of 7.2 μM H2O2. Therefore, our study clearly demonstrates that low micromolar levels of H2O2 in agar plates critically affect growth of environmental microbes, and large portions of those are far more susceptible to the same than laboratory strains. IMPORTANCE It is well-known that most of environmental microorganisms do not form colonies on agar medium despite that agar medium is the commonly used solidified medium. We previously demonstrated the negative effects of H2O2 generation during agar medium preparation on colony formation. In the present study, we investigated the independent effect of H2O2 on microbial growth by adding different concentrations of H2O2 to agar medium. Our results demonstrate for the first time that even low micromolar levels of H2O2 in agar plates, that are far lower than previously recognized as significant, adversely affect colony number obtained from freshwater inoculum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Motoyuki Watanabe
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kensuke Igarashi
- Graduate School of Global Food Resources, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Souichiro Kato
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yoichi Kamagata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Wataru Kitagawa
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Bioproduction Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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192
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Langsdorf A, Drommershausen AL, Volkmar M, Ulber R, Holtmann D. Fermentative α-Humulene Production from Homogenized Grass Clippings as a Growth Medium. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248684. [PMID: 36557817 PMCID: PMC9788380 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Green waste, e.g., grass clippings, is currently insufficiently recycled and has untapped potential as a valuable resource. Our aim was to use juice from grass clippings as a growth medium for microorganisms. Herein, we demonstrate the production of the sesquiterpene α-humulene with the versatile organism Cupriavidus necator pKR-hum on a growth medium from grass clippings. The medium was compared with established media in terms of microbial growth and terpene production. C. necator pKR-hum shows a maximum growth rate of 0.43 h-1 in the grass medium and 0.50 h-1 in a lysogeny broth (LB) medium. With the grass medium, 2 mg/L of α-humulene were produced compared to 10 mg/L with the LB medium. By concentrating the grass medium and using a controlled bioreactor in combination with an optimized in situ product removal, comparable product concentrations could likely be achieved. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that juice from grass clippings has been used as a growth medium without any further additives for microbial product synthesis. This use of green waste as a material represents a new bioeconomic utilization option of waste materials and could contribute to improving the economics of grass biorefineries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Langsdorf
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Anna-Lena Drommershausen
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - Marianne Volkmar
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Strasse 49, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Roland Ulber
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering, University of Kaiserslautern, Gottlieb-Daimler-Strasse 49, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Dirk Holtmann
- Institute of Bioprocess Engineering and Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Applied Sciences Mittelhessen, Wiesenstrasse 14, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
- Correspondence:
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193
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Espejo L, Hull B, Chang LM, DeNicola D, Freitas S, Silbar V, Haskins A, Turner EA, Sutphin GL. Long-Term Culture of Individual Caenorhabditis elegans on Solid Media for Longitudinal Fluorescence Monitoring and Aversive Interventions. J Vis Exp 2022:10.3791/64682. [PMID: 36533827 PMCID: PMC10368144 DOI: 10.3791/64682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans are widely used to study aging biology. The standard practice in C. elegans aging studies is to culture groups of worms on solid nematode growth media (NGM), allowing the efficient collection of population-level data for survival and other physiological phenotypes, and periodic sampling of subpopulations for fluorescent biomarker quantification. Limitations to this approach are the inability to (1) follow individual worms over time to develop age trajectories for phenotypes of interest and (2) monitor fluorescent biomarkers directly in the context of the culture environment. Alternative culture approaches use liquid culture or microfluidics to monitor individual animals over time, in some cases including fluorescence quantification, with the tradeoff that the culture environment is contextually distinct from solid NGM. The WorMotel is a previously described microfabricated multi-well device for culturing isolated worms on solid NGM. Each worm is maintained in a well containing solid NGM surrounded by a moat filled with copper sulfate, a contact repellent for C. elegans, allowing longitudinal monitoring of individual animals. We find copper sulfate insufficient to prevent worms from fleeing when subjected to aversive interventions common in aging research, including dietary restriction, pathogenic bacteria, and chemical agents that induce cellular stress. The multi-well devices are also molded from polydimethylsiloxane, which produces high background artifacts in fluorescence imaging. This protocol describes a new approach for culturing isolated roundworms on solid NGM using commercially available polystyrene microtrays, originally designed for human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing, allowing the measurement of survival, physiological phenotypes, and fluorescence across the lifespan. A palmitic acid barrier prevents worms from fleeing, even in the presence of aversive conditions. Each plate can culture up to 96 animals and easily adapts to a variety of conditions, including dietary restriction, RNAi, and chemical additives, and is compatible with automated systems for collecting lifespan and activity data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Espejo
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Bradford Hull
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Leah M Chang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Destiny DeNicola
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Samuel Freitas
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Vanessa Silbar
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Anne Haskins
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - Emily A Turner
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson
| | - George L Sutphin
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson;
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194
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Kato Y, Lim AY, Sakolish C, Valdiviezo A, Moyer HL, Hewitt P, Bajaj P, Han G, Rusyn I. Analysis of reproducibility and robustness of OrganoPlate® 2-lane 96, a liver microphysiological system for studies of pharmacokinetics and toxicological assessment of drugs. Toxicol In Vitro 2022; 85:105464. [PMID: 36057418 PMCID: PMC10015056 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2022.105464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Establishing the functionality, reproducibility, robustness, and reliability of microphysiological systems is a critical need for adoption of these technologies. A high throughput microphysiological system for liver studies was recently proposed in which induced pluripotent stem cell-derived hepatocytes (iHeps) and non-parenchymal cells (endothelial cells and THP-1 cells differentiated with phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate into macrophage-like cells) were co-cultured in OrganoPlate® 2-lane 96 devices. The goal of this study was to evaluate this platform using additional cell types and conditions and characterize its utility and reproducibility. Primary human hepatocytes or iHeps, with and without non-parenchymal cells, were cultured for up to 17 days. Image-based cell viability, albumin and urea secretion into culture media, CYP3A4 activity and drug metabolism were assessed. The iHeps co-cultured with non-parenchymal cells demonstrated stable cell viability and function up to 17 days; however, variability was appreciable both within and among studies. The iHeps in monoculture did not form clusters and lost viability and function over time. The primary human hepatocytes in monoculture also exhibited low cell viability and hepatic function. Metabolism of various drugs was most efficient when iHeps were co-cultured with non-parenchymal cells. Overall, we found that the OrganoPlate® 2-lane 96 device, when used with iHeps and non-parenchymal cells, is a functional liver microphysiological model; however, the high-throughput nature of this model is somewhat dampened by the need for replicates to compensate for high variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kato
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA; Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Development, Shionogi Pharmaceutical Research Center, Shionogi & Co., Ltd., Osaka 561-0825, Japan
| | - Alicia Y Lim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Courtney Sakolish
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alan Valdiviezo
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Haley L Moyer
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Philip Hewitt
- Chemical and Preclinical Safety, Merck Healthcare KGaA, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Piyush Bajaj
- Global Investigative Toxicology, Preclinical Safety, Sanofi USA, MA 01701, USA
| | - Gang Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Ivan Rusyn
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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Faria MGI, Avelino KV, Philadelpho BO, Dos Santos Bomfim R, do Valle JS, Júnior ACG, Dragunski DC, de Souza Ferreira E, de Souza CO, Ribeiro CDF, Colauto NB, Linde GA. Lithium bioaccumulation in Lentinus crinitus mycelia grown in media with different lithium sources and pH values. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:87519-87526. [PMID: 35804234 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21893-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lentinus crinitus bioaccumulates lithium in mycelia, but bioaccumulation may be affected by pH of the culture medium. Lithium is used in clinical practice as a mood stabilizer and antidepressant. This study aimed to assess the effect of culture medium pH and lithium source (LiCl or Li2CO3) on lithium bioaccumulation in vegetative mycelia of L. crinitus grown in malt extract broth. Lentinus crinitus U9-1 was cultured in malt extract broth supplemented with Li2CO3 or LiCl (50 mg L-1 lithium) in the pH range of 3.0 to 6.0. The pH was adjusted using HCl solution. The results showed that medium pH affected mycelial biomass production, lithium bioaccumulation in mycelial biomass, and lithium transfer from the culture medium to mycelial biomass. The effect of lithium source on the bioaccumulation capacity of mycelial biomass varied according to pH. At pH 4.0, both lithium sources stimulated mycelial biomass production compared to the control without the addition of lithium. At pH 5.5, Li2CO3 provided the highest lithium bioaccumulation in mycelial biomass. Lithium transfer from the culture medium to mycelia was highest in Li2CO3-supplemented cultures at pH 4.5. LiCl reduced hyphal width compared with Li2CO3 and the control. However, pH and lithium sources did not affect the formation of clamp connections in hyphae. For the first time, the influence of the pH of the culture medium on lithium bioaccumulation by Lentinus crinitus is reported. Finally, we conclude that the culture medium pH affected lithium transfer and bioaccumulation in mycelial biomass differently depending on the lithium source. Additionally, we report the presence of clamp connections in the hyphae of L. crinitus as an indicator of even growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Graciela Iecher Faria
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Umuarama, Paraná, CEP 87502-210, Brazil.
| | - Katielle Vieira Avelino
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Umuarama, Paraná, CEP 87502-210, Brazil
| | - Biane Oliveira Philadelpho
- Federal University of Bahia, School of Pharmacy, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Rafaela Dos Santos Bomfim
- Federal University of Bahia, Nutrition School, Basílio da Gama Street, w/n, Campus Canela, Salvador, BA, 40110-907, Brazil
| | - Juliana Silveira do Valle
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Umuarama, Paraná, CEP 87502-210, Brazil
| | | | | | - Ederlan de Souza Ferreira
- Federal University of Bahia, School of Pharmacy, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Carolina Oliveira de Souza
- Federal University of Bahia, School of Pharmacy, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Camila Duarte Ferreira Ribeiro
- Federal University of Bahia, School of Pharmacy, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia, Nutrition School, Basílio da Gama Street, w/n, Campus Canela, Salvador, BA, 40110-907, Brazil
| | - Nelson Barros Colauto
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Umuarama, Paraná, CEP 87502-210, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia, School of Pharmacy, Barão de Jeremoabo Street, Salvador, BA, 40170-115, Brazil
| | - Giani Andrea Linde
- Graduate Program in Biotechnology Applied to Agriculture, Paranaense University (UNIPAR), Praça Mascarenhas de Moraes, 4282, Umuarama, Paraná, CEP 87502-210, Brazil
- Federal University of Bahia, Nutrition School, Basílio da Gama Street, w/n, Campus Canela, Salvador, BA, 40110-907, Brazil
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196
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Lee SK, Cho EJ, Hyun J, Jung EJ, Woo H, Shin SH, Kim HS. Comparison of Four Swab and Transport Media Combinations for the Detection of Respiratory Viruses. Clin Lab 2022; 68. [PMID: 36546743 DOI: 10.7754/clin.lab.2022.220305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We compared four combinations of nasopharyngeal swabs and transport media for their ability to transfer and recover viruses under different storage conditions. METHODS Each swab was immersed in culture supernatants of influenza A virus (IAV), respiratory syncytial virus, and adenovirus, placed in transport medium, and stored at -20℃, +4℃, +20 to 25℃, and +37℃ for 5 days. On each day, virus culture and real-time PCR were performed for each virus. RESULTS All samples under different storage conditions showed positive results up to 5 days using both virus culture and real-time PCR. Real-time PCR showed that samples stored at -20℃, 4℃, and 20 - 25℃ were within two cycle thresholds (Cts) up to 5 days, but IAV at 37℃ showed that viral titer decreased after 3 days. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that these swab and transport media maintained the stability of the above viruses for 5 days at room temperature, refrigerated, and frozen storage conditions.
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197
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Liady MND, Adande R, Virgile Akowanou OA, Adjahouinou DC, Cécilia A, Goussanou BK, Zouhir F, Kouadio LA, Aïna MP, Fiogbe ED. Growth kinetics and purifying performance of A. Platensis in stirring-free culture based on brewery effluent's supernatant. Water Sci Technol 2022; 86:3153-3162. [PMID: 36579875 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2022.385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Due to costs of setting up and operating electrical stirring systems to keep algae in suspension and exposed to light, cultivation of monospecific algae is poorly expanded in developing countries. However, some algal species, such as Arthrospira platensis, are equipped with gaseous vesicles that allow them to stay afloat and increase their exposure to light. In this study, we investigated in an unstirred outdoor environment, its growth kinetic and purifying performance in a brewery effluent-based media. Batch cultures were carried out in three experimental treatments and evolution of physicochemical and growth parameters were monitored. Then its contribution to depollution was determined. Results show that optimal conditions for producing A. platensis include the culture tank transparency, the effluent dilution (i.e. 10%), and the culture media amendment with sodium bicarbonate and sodium nitrate. The average productivity recorded reached 0.55 g DW·L-1·d-1 during the exponential growth phase, while preserving culture from contamination. COD and total nitrogen concentrations were reduced to 32.5 and 64.91%. Such results open up prospects for low-cost production of certain algae, in transparent and relatively high barrels, thus breaking the classic barriers related to shallow basin depth and mechanical agitation traditionally considered as critical to the success of algal production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mouhamadou Nourou Dine Liady
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Zones Humide (LRZH), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou BP 526, Bénin E-mail:
| | - Richard Adande
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Zones Humide (LRZH), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou BP 526, Bénin E-mail:
| | - Onésime Akuemaho Virgile Akowanou
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l'Eau et de l'Environnement, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Institut National de l'Eau, Cotonou 01 BP 2009, Bénin
| | | | - Ahondokpè Cécilia
- Laboratoire National des Stupéfiants et Toxicologie, Centre Béninois de la Recherche Scientifique et de l'innovation, Cotonou, République Du Bénin
| | - Baruc Kpèhouénou Goussanou
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l'Eau et de l'Environnement, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Institut National de l'Eau, Cotonou 01 BP 2009, Bénin
| | - Fouad Zouhir
- Département Sciences et Gestion de l'Environnement, Unité Assainissement et Environnement, Université de Liège, Avenue de Longwy, Arlon 185. BE-6700, Belgique
| | - Louis Amani Kouadio
- Centre for Applied Climate Sciences, University of Southern Queensland, West Street, Toowoomba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Martin Pépin Aïna
- Laboratoire des Sciences et Techniques de l'Eau et de l'Environnement, Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Institut National de l'Eau, Cotonou 01 BP 2009, Bénin
| | - Emile Didier Fiogbe
- Faculté des Sciences et Techniques, Laboratoire de Recherche sur les Zones Humide (LRZH), Université d'Abomey-Calavi, Cotonou BP 526, Bénin E-mail:
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Williams S, Cleary I, Thomas D. Anaerobic conditions are a major influence on Candida albicans chlamydospore formation. Folia Microbiol (Praha) 2022; 68:321-324. [PMID: 36418845 DOI: 10.1007/s12223-022-01018-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Candidiasis now represents the fourth most frequent nosocomial infection both in the USA and worldwide. Candida albicans is an increasingly common threat to human health as a consequence of AIDS, steroid therapy, organ and tissue transplantation, cancer therapy, broad-spectrum antibiotics, and other immune defects. Unfortunately, these infections carry unacceptably high morbidity, mortality rates and important economic repercussions (estimated total direct cost of approximately 2 billion dollars in 1998 in US hospitals alone). This pathogen can grow both in yeast and filamentous forms and the pathogenic potential of C. albicans is intimately related to certain key processes including filamentation. Chlamydospores are considered to be a dormant form of C. albicans that remain understudied. Chlamydospores have been widely used as a diagnostic tool to separate C. albicans and C. dubliniensis from other Candida species. More recently, media have been developed that use chlamydopsore formation to separate C. albicans and C. dubliniensis from each other. Chlamydospore formation can be stimulated by hypoxic conditions but only on limited specific media types. Here, we show that anaerobic conditions are enough to drive chlamydospore formation in C. albicans on the surface of nutrient-rich agar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon Williams
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401-9401, USA
| | - Ian Cleary
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401-9401, USA
| | - Derek Thomas
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Grand Valley State University, 1 Campus Drive, Allendale, MI, 49401-9401, USA.
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199
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Hogenson TL, Xie H, Phillips WJ, Toruner MD, Li JJ, Horn IP, Kennedy DJ, Almada LL, Marks DL, Carr RM, Toruner M, Sigafoos AN, Koenig-Kappes AN, Olson RL, Tolosa EJ, Zhang C, Li H, Doles JD, Bleeker J, Barrett MT, Boyum JH, Kipp BR, Mahipal A, Hubbard JM, Scheffler Hanson TJ, Petersen GM, Dasari S, Oberg AL, Truty MJ, Graham RP, Levy MJ, Zhu M, Billadeau DD, Adjei AA, Dusetti N, Iovanna JL, Bekaii-Saab TS, Ma WW, Fernandez-Zapico ME. Culture media composition influences patient-derived organoid ability to predict therapeutic responses in gastrointestinal cancers. JCI Insight 2022; 7:e158060. [PMID: 36256477 PMCID: PMC9746806 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.158060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUNDA patient-derived organoid (PDO) platform may serve as a promising tool for translational cancer research. In this study, we evaluated PDO's ability to predict clinical response to gastrointestinal (GI) cancers.METHODSWe generated PDOs from primary and metastatic lesions of patients with GI cancers, including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, colorectal adenocarcinoma, and cholangiocarcinoma. We compared PDO response with the observed clinical response for donor patients to the same treatments.RESULTSWe report an approximately 80% concordance rate between PDO and donor tumor response. Importantly, we found a profound influence of culture media on PDO phenotype, where we showed a significant difference in response to standard-of-care chemotherapies, distinct morphologies, and transcriptomes between media within the same PDO cultures.CONCLUSIONWhile we demonstrate a high concordance rate between donor tumor and PDO, these studies also showed the important role of culture media when using PDOs to inform treatment selection and predict response across a spectrum of GI cancers.TRIAL REGISTRATIONNot applicable.FUNDINGThe Joan F. & Richard A. Abdoo Family Fund in Colorectal Cancer Research, GI Cancer program of the Mayo Clinic Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic SPORE in Pancreatic Cancer, Center of Individualized Medicine (Mayo Clinic), Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology (Mayo Clinic), Incyte Pharmaceuticals and Mayo Clinic Hepatobiliary SPORE, University of Minnesota-Mayo Clinic Partnership, and the Early Therapeutic program (Department of Oncology, Mayo Clinic).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara L. Hogenson
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hao Xie
- Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology
| | - William J. Phillips
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Merih D. Toruner
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jenny J. Li
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology
| | - Isaac P. Horn
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Devin J. Kennedy
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Luciana L. Almada
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David L. Marks
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ryan M. Carr
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Murat Toruner
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ashley N. Sigafoos
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Amanda N. Koenig-Kappes
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rachel L.O. Olson
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ezequiel J. Tolosa
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | | | - Hu Li
- Department of Pharmacology, and
| | - Jason D. Doles
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Jonathan Bleeker
- Sanford Research, Oncology, Sanford Health, Sioux Falls, South Dakota, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amit Mahipal
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology
| | | | | | | | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, and
| | - Ann L. Oberg
- Division of Computational Biology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, and
| | - Mark J. Truty
- Department of Surgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rondell P. Graham
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Michael J. Levy
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Mojun Zhu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology
| | - Daniel D. Billadeau
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Alex A. Adjei
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology
| | - Nelson Dusetti
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | - Juan L. Iovanna
- Cancer Research Center of Marseille (CRCM), INSERM U1068, CNRS UMR 7258, Aix-Marseille Université and Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Parc Scientifique et Technologique de Luminy, Marseille, France
| | | | - Wen Wee Ma
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology
| | - Martin E. Fernandez-Zapico
- Schulze Center for Novel Therapeutics, Division of Oncology Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
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200
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Roncero-Ramos B, Román JR, Acién G, Cantón Y. Towards large scale biocrust restoration: Producing an efficient and low-cost inoculum of N-fixing cyanobacteria. Sci Total Environ 2022; 848:157704. [PMID: 35908695 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.157704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dryland soil degradation is increasing due to global change and traditional restoration methods are not successful due to water scarcity. Thus, an alternative technology based on inoculating biocrust-forming cyanobacteria on degraded soils has emerged. Biocrusts are communities of mosses, lichens, cyanobacteria or fungi that colonize soil surface forming a stable and fertile layer. Previous studies have shown the benefits of inoculating cyanobacteria to restore soils at a small scale. However, to face field restoration projects, it is necessary to produce high quantities of biomass at an affordable cost. In this work, we analyze if the previously tested cyanobacteria Scytonema hyalinum, Tolypothrix distorta (heterocystous strains) and Trichocoleus desertorum (a bundle-forming one) can be produced with agricultural fertilizers. Different culture media were used: two containing pure chemicals (BG11 and BG110, this N-free medium was used just for heterocystous strains) and two containing fertilizers (BG11-F and MM-F). The performance of the cultures was monitored by measuring the biomass concentration and photosynthetic stress. Afterwards, we analyzed their capacity to induce biocrusts and improve soil properties by inoculating the biomass on a mine substrate indoors and measuring, three months later, the albedo, chlorophyll a and organic carbon content. Results show that the bundle-forming cyanobacterium was unable to grow in the media tested, whereas both heterocystous cyanobacteria grew in all of them and induced the formation of biocrusts improving the organic carbon substrate content. The best results for S. hyalinum were found using the MM-F medium, and for T. distorta using a medium containing pure chemicals (BG11). However, results were also positive when using a medium containing fertilizers (BG11-F). Thus, agricultural fertilizers can be used to undertake the production of heterocystous cyanobacteria for large scale restoration in drylands. On the other hand, more research is needed to find sustainable techniques to produce biomass of bundle-forming cyanobacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Roncero-Ramos
- Department of Life Sciences, InBios-Center for Protein Engineering, University of Liège, Belgium; Agronomy Department, University of Almería, Spain.
| | - José Raúl Román
- Agronomy Department, University of Almería, Spain; Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, USA
| | - Gabriel Acién
- Chemical Engineering Department, University of Almería, Spain
| | - Yolanda Cantón
- Agronomy Department, University of Almería, Spain; Research Centre for Scientific Collections from the University of Almeria (CECOUAL), Spain
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