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Pascalis O, Scott LS, Kelly DJ, Shannon RW, Nicholson E, Coleman M, Nelson CA. Plasticity of face processing in infancy. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:5297-300. [PMID: 15790676 PMCID: PMC555965 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0406627102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Experience plays a crucial role for the normal development of many perceptual and cognitive functions, such as speech perception. For example, between 6 and 10 months of age, the infant's ability to discriminate among native speech sounds improves, whereas the ability to discriminate among foreign speech sounds declines. However, a recent investigation suggests that some experience with non-native languages from 9 months of age facilitates the maintenance of this ability at 12 months. Nelson has suggested that the systems underlying face processing may be similarly sculpted by experience with different kinds of faces. In the current investigation, we demonstrate that, in human infants between 6 and 9 months of age, exposure to non-native faces, in this case, faces of Barbary macaques (Macaca sylvanus), facilitates the discrimination of monkey faces, an ability that is otherwise lost around 9 months of age. These data support, and further elucidate, the role of early experience in the development of face processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Pascalis
- LGF Group, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S10 2TP, United Kingdom.
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152
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Elliott L, Coleman M, Shiel A, Wilson BA, Badwan D, Menon D, Pickard J. Effect of posture on levels of arousal and awareness in vegetative and minimally conscious state patients: a preliminary investigation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005; 76:298-9. [PMID: 15654064 PMCID: PMC1739497 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2004.047357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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153
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Nordenström A, Ahmed S, Jones J, Coleman M, Price DA, Clayton PE, Hall CM. Female preponderance in congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to CYP21 deficiency in England: implications for neonatal screening. Horm Res 2004; 63:22-8. [PMID: 15627780 DOI: 10.1159/000082896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2004] [Accepted: 09/16/2004] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) due to 21-hydroxylase (CYP21) deficiency causes symptoms ranging from life-threatening neonatal adrenal crises to minimal virilization in adulthood. The relationship between CYP21 genotype and phenotypic markers in a non-screened population of 73 CAH children (44 female, 29 male; 54 white, 19 Asian) treated at the Royal Manchester Children's Hospital was investigated and ethnic and sex differences assessed. The patients were categorized according to the mutation on the mildest allele. The age at the time of diagnosis differed significantly between the groups (p = 0.02): all 25 Null and 25 of 26 of the I2 splice patients were diagnosed during the neonatal period, whereas 7 of 11 I172N patients were diagnosed late. Degree of female genital virilization, 17-hydroxyprogesterone level at diagnosis, and fludrocortisone requirement during the 1st year of treatment correlated with the genotype, although Asian Null patients required more fludrocortisone than their white counterparts (p = 0.055). There was an equal sex ratio in both the I2 splice (12 female/14 male) and I172N (5 female/6 male) groups. However, in the Null group, the ratio was 4.0 (20 female/5 male; p = 0.003), suggesting that some Null male infants perish before being clinically detected to have CYP21 deficiency. Our findings strongly support the need for implementation of a neonatal screening programme for CAH in the UK which may reduce the male infant mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nordenström
- Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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154
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Knox S, Meredith R, Coleman M, Kaminski M, Zelenetz A, Vose J. Tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab (BEXXAR® therapeutic regimen) produces long-term durable responses in heavily pretreated patients with relapsed, refractory, and transformed low-grade non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2004.06.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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155
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Ebel E, Schlosser W, Kause J, Orloski K, Roberts T, Narrod C, Malcolm S, Coleman M, Powell M. Draft risk assessment of the public health impact of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef. J Food Prot 2004; 67:1991-9. [PMID: 15453594 DOI: 10.4315/0362-028x-67.9.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An assessment of the risk of illness associated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef was drafted in 2001. The exposure assessment considers farm, slaughter, and preparation factors that influence the likelihood of humans consuming ground beef servings containing E. coli O157:H7 and the number of cells in a contaminated serving. Apparent seasonal differences in prevalence of cattle infected with E. coli O157:H7 corresponded to seasonal differences in human exposure. The model predicts that on average 0.018% of servings consumed during June through September and 0.007% of servings consumed during the remainder of the year are contaminated with one or more E. coli O157:H7 cells. This exposure risk is combined with the probability of illness given exposure (i.e., dose response) to estimate a U.S. population risk of illness of nearly one illness in each 1 million (9.6 x 10(-7)) servings of ground beef consumed. Uncertainty about this risk ranges from about 0.33 illness in every 1 million ground beef servings at the 5th percentile to about two illnesses in every 1 million ground beef servings at the 95th percentile.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ebel
- Office of Public Health Science, Food Safety and Inspection Service, US Department of Agriculture, Fort Collins, Colorado 80521, USA.
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156
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Cho HJ, Jungbluth AA, Williamson B, Kolb D, Ely S, Cheng YT, Bhardwaj N, Coleman M, Niesvizky R, Old L. CT7 (MAGE-C1) is a widely expressed Cancer-Testis antigen in multiple myeloma. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H. J. Cho
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - A. A. Jungbluth
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - B. Williamson
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - D. Kolb
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - S. Ely
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Y.-T. Cheng
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - N. Bhardwaj
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - M. Coleman
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - R. Niesvizky
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
| | - L. Old
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY; New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY
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157
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Siegel AB, Fiore JM, Ketas JC, Furman RR, Sison CP, Ashe ML, Mathews LM, Lachs M, Coleman M, Leonard JP. Novel functional assessment techniques for geriatric lymphoma patients. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.8166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - M. Lachs
- Weill Medical College, New York, NY
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158
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Link B, Kaminiski MS, Coleman M, Leonard JP. Phase II study of CVP followed by tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab (Bexxar therapeutic regimen) in patients with untreated follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Link
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - M. S. Kaminiski
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - M. Coleman
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - J. P. Leonard
- University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA; University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, MI; Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
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159
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Leonard JP, Coleman M, Kostakoglu L, Chadburn A, Fiore JM, Furman RR, Schuster MW, Kroll SM, Goldsmith SJ. Durable remissions from fludarabine followed by the iodine I-131 tositumomab Bexxar therapeutic regimen for patients with previously untreated follicular non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Leonard
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, San Francisco, CA
| | - M. Coleman
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, San Francisco, CA
| | - L. Kostakoglu
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, San Francisco, CA
| | - A. Chadburn
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, San Francisco, CA
| | - J. M. Fiore
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, San Francisco, CA
| | - R. R. Furman
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, San Francisco, CA
| | - M. W. Schuster
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, San Francisco, CA
| | - S. M. Kroll
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, San Francisco, CA
| | - S. J. Goldsmith
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, San Francisco, CA
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160
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Mones J, Coleman M, Kostakoglu L, Fiore JM, Muss D, Furman R, Stewart P, Kroll S, Goldsmith SJ, Leonard JP. A dose-escalation study of tositumomab and iodine I 131 tositumomab (Bexxar) in pts with previously treated non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) with > 25% bone marrow involvement. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. Mones
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, S. San Francisco, CA
| | - M. Coleman
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, S. San Francisco, CA
| | - L. Kostakoglu
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, S. San Francisco, CA
| | - J. M. Fiore
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, S. San Francisco, CA
| | - D. Muss
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, S. San Francisco, CA
| | - R. Furman
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, S. San Francisco, CA
| | - P. Stewart
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, S. San Francisco, CA
| | - S. Kroll
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, S. San Francisco, CA
| | - S. J. Goldsmith
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, S. San Francisco, CA
| | - J. P. Leonard
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY; Corixa Corporation, S. San Francisco, CA
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161
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Shore T, Schuster MW, Roboz G, Leonard JP, Silver R, Coleman M, Feldman E. A study of a non-myeloablative conditioning regimen followed by allogeneic stem cell transplant (NMT) for patients with hematological malignancies using campath as part of a graft versus host disease (GVHD) strategy. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.6625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- T. Shore
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - M. W. Schuster
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - G. Roboz
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - J. P. Leonard
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - R. Silver
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - M. Coleman
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
| | - E. Feldman
- Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY
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162
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Smith MD, Wetherall M, Darby T, Esterman A, Slavotinek J, Roberts-Thomson P, Coleman M, Ahern MJ. A randomized placebo-controlled trial of arthroscopic lavage versus lavage plus intra-articular corticosteroids in the management of symptomatic osteoarthritis of the knee. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003; 42:1477-85. [PMID: 12867587 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keg398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of intra-articular steroid injections following arthroscopy and joint lavage in symptomatic OA of the knee. METHODS Seventy-seven patients with OA of the knee were randomized to receive either 120 mg methylprednisolone acetate (MPA) or placebo following arthroscopy. Clinical assessments included severity of pain on movement and at rest, stiffness, the presence of joint effusions, range of movement, WOMAC (Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index) score and Lequesne functional assessment. The outcome measures were evaluated at baseline and 2, 4, 8, 12 and 24 weeks. Further arthroscopies and synovial biopsies were performed at the time of clinical response and at relapse. RESULTS An intention-to-treat analysis was performed on 71 patients (38 MPA, 33 placebo). Using the OARSI (Osteoarthritis Research Society International) response criteria, 58% of the steroid group vs 33% of the placebo group (adjusted relative risk = 2.38) (P = 0.004) responded at 4 weeks. At other time points, there were no significant differences between the treatment groups. There were no significant differences between the two treatment groups for pain, stiffness or WOMAC or Lequesne assessments at any time point. CONCLUSIONS The response to intra-articular corticosteroids following joint lavage is short-lived (2-4 weeks), achievement of an OARSI response criterion being the only difference between the two groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Smith
- Rheumatology Unit, Repatriation General Hospital, Daw Park, South Australia
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163
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Micheli A, Capocaccia R, Martinez C, Mugno E, Coebergh JW, Baili P, Verdecchia A, Berrino F, Coleman M. Cancer control in Europe: A proposed set of European Cancer Health Indicators. Eur J Public Health 2003. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/13.suppl_3.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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164
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Phillips
- Forensic Explosives Laboratory, Dstl, Fort Halstead, Sevenoaks, Kent TN14 7BP, United Kingdom
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165
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Walker JG, Ahern MJ, Smith MD, Coleman M, Pile K, Rischmueller M, Cleland L, Roberts-Thomson PJ. Scleroderma renal crisis: poor outcome despite aggressive antihypertensive treatment. Intern Med J 2003; 33:216-20. [PMID: 12752889 DOI: 10.1046/j.1445-5994.2003.00358.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Scleroderma renal crisis (SRC) is a rare but feared complication of scleroderma. Angiotensin--converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition has significantly improved survival, but it is unknown whether prophylactic ACE inhibitors will prevent this complication. AIMS To determine: (i) the frequency of SRC in our cohort of well-characterized scleroderma patients resident in South Australia, (ii) any predisposing clinical and serological features, (iii) median disease duration at which SRC occurs, (iv) possible precipitants, (v) disease outcome, and (vi) whether patients were taking ACE inhibitors prior to onset of SRC. METHODS Systematic review of the clinical course of all patients registered on the South Australian Scleroderma Register. RESULTS SRC occurred in 16 patients. This constituted 2.8% of a total scleroderma cohort and 15% of the diffuse scleroderma cohort identified in South Australia. All 16 patients had diffuse cutaneous scleroderma. SRC occurred at a median disease duration of 15 months (range 1 week-11 years). Disease outcome was poor (five deaths, three requiring long-term dialysis and only two patients regaining a normal creatinine) despite aggressive antihypertensive treatment (including ACE inhibitors) in an intensive care or specialized renal unit. Two patients were later able to discontinue dialysis. Only two patients were taking small doses of ACE inhibitors prior to the onset of their SRC. The frequency of Scl-70 was decreased in the SRC group (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION SRC is a rare event occurring in a small proportion of patients with diffuse scleroderma. The outcome of SRC was poor despite aggressive antihypertensive treatment. It is hypothesized that prophylactic ACE inhibition in susceptible patients might prevent or ameliorate this complication.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Walker
- Department of Immunology, Allergy and Arthritis, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Adelaide, South Australia 5042, Australia
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166
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Smith MD, Barg E, Weedon H, Papengelis V, Smeets T, Tak PP, Kraan M, Coleman M, Ahern MJ. Microarchitecture and protective mechanisms in synovial tissue from clinically and arthroscopically normal knee joints. Ann Rheum Dis 2003; 62:303-7. [PMID: 12634226 PMCID: PMC1754505 DOI: 10.1136/ard.62.4.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synovial biopsies are used to study synovial immunopathology and are increasingly applied for the evaluation of new therapeutic strategies in chronic arthritis. Therefore, it is essential to be informed on the complete spectrum of synovial immunopathology. OBJECTIVE To describe the cellular content, cytokine and cell adhesion molecule expression in synovial tissue from clinically and arthroscopically normal knees. METHODS Synovial tissue was obtained from 20 normal subjects at the time of knee joint arthroscopy for unexplained knee pain. Tissue sections were studied for basic histopathology and for a range of cell surface markers, cytokines, and cell adhesion molecules by immunoperoxidase staining. Stained sections were evaluated by semiquantitative scoring and digital image analysis. RESULTS Normal synovial tissue is composed predominantly of fibrofatty areolar tissue, with a variable thickness of intimal lining, composed of both CD68 positive macrophages and CD55 positive fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Interleukin 1 receptor antagonist (IL1Ra) was frequently detected in the synovial membrane of normal subjects (mean (SD) integrated optical density (IOD)=3809.6 (3893.9)), but both tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin 1beta (IL1beta) were rarely detected. In addition, cell adhesion molecules were rarely detected in the normal synovial membrane, with the exception of intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1). Osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression was abundant on synovial lining macrophages (mean (SD) IOD=5276 (4716) as well as endothelial cells (mean (SD) IOD=557 (226)), but receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa ligand (RANKL) expression was rarely seen. CONCLUSIONS The normal synovial membrane has a variable architecture, including thickness of the lining and the subintimal cell infiltrate, with little inflammatory cytokine production or expression of cell adhesion molecules. The excess of OPG expression over RANKL and IL1Ra over IL1 may be important for protection against joint damage
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Smith
- Rheumatology Research Unit, Repatriation General Hospital and Department of Immunology, Allergy and Arthritis, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia.
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167
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Haynes DR, Barg E, Crotti TN, Holding C, Weedon H, Atkins GJ, Zannetino A, Ahern MJ, Coleman M, Roberts-Thomson PJ, Kraan M, Tak PP, Smith MD. Osteoprotegerin expression in synovial tissue from patients with rheumatoid arthritis, spondyloarthropathies and osteoarthritis and normal controls. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2003; 42:123-34. [PMID: 12509625 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/keg047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To demonstrate the expression of osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor kappaB ligand (RANKL) in synovial tissue from rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, establish the cell lineage expressing OPG and compare the expression of OPG in RA, spondyloarthropathies, osteoarthritis and normal synovial tissue. METHODS Synovial biopsy specimens were obtained at arthroscopy from 16 RA and 12 spondyloarthropathy patients with active synovitis of a knee joint, six RA patients with no evidence of active synovitis, 10 patients with osteoarthritis and 18 normal subjects. Immunohistological analysis was performed using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) to detect OPG and RANKL expression. In addition, dual immunohistochemical evaluation was performed with lineage-specific monoclonal antibodies (macrophages, fibroblasts and endothelial cells) and OPG to determine the cell lineages expressing OPG. The sections were evaluated by computer-assisted image analysis and semiquantitative analysis. RESULTS Two patterns of OPG expression were seen, one exclusively in endothelial cells and one expressed predominantly in macrophages in the synovial lining layer. Both patterns of OPG staining could be blocked with excess recombinant OPG. Endothelial and synovial lining expression of OPG was seen in all synovial tissues except those from patients with active RA. In contrast, RANKL expression was seen predominantly in synovial tissue from patients with active disease, mainly in sublining regions, particularly within areas of lymphocyte infiltration. CONCLUSIONS OPG expression on macrophage type synovial lining cells as well as endothelial cells is deficient in RA patients with active synovitis, in contrast to that seen in spondyloarthropathy patients with active synovitis. This deficiency in OPG expression in the inflamed joint of RA patients may be important in the development of radiologically defined joint erosions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D R Haynes
- Department of Pathology, University of Adelaide, Repatriation General Hospital, Daws Road, Daw Park, South Australia 5041, Australia
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168
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DiFranza JR, Savageau JA, Rigotti NA, Fletcher K, Ockene JK, McNeill AD, Coleman M, Wood C. Development of symptoms of tobacco dependence in youths: 30 month follow up data from the DANDY study. Tob Control 2002; 11:228-35. [PMID: 12198274 PMCID: PMC1759001 DOI: 10.1136/tc.11.3.228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 322] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine if there is a minimum duration, frequency or quantity of tobacco use required to develop symptoms of dependence. DESIGN AND SETTING A retrospective/prospective longitudinal study of the natural history of tobacco dependence employing individual interviews conducted three times annually in two urban school systems over 30 months. Detailed histories of tobacco use were obtained including dates, duration, frequency, quantity, patterns of use, types of tobacco, and symptoms of dependence. PARTICIPANTS A cohort of 679 seventh grade students (age 12-13 years). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The report of any of 11 symptoms of dependence. RESULTS Among 332 subjects who had used tobacco, 40% reported symptoms, with a median latency from the onset of monthly smoking of 21 days for girls and 183 days for boys. The median frequency of use at the onset of symptoms was two cigarettes, one day per week. The report of one or more symptoms predicted continued smoking through the end of follow up (odds ratio (OR) 44, 95% confidence interval (CI) 17 to 114, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Symptoms of tobacco dependence commonly develop rapidly after the onset of intermittent smoking, although individuals differ widely in this regard. Girls tend to develop symptoms faster. There does not appear to be a minimum nicotine dose or duration of use as a prerequisite for symptoms to appear. The development of a single symptom strongly predicted continued use, supporting the theory that the loss of autonomy over tobacco use begins with the first symptom of dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R DiFranza
- University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, USA Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, USA University of London, London, UK.
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169
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on cancer prevalence is of major importance for health planning and resource allocation. However, systematic information on cancer prevalence is largely unavailable. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-eight population-based cancer registries from 17 European countries, participating in EUROPREVAL, provided data on almost 3 million cancer patients diagnosed from 1970 to 1992. Standardised data collection and validation procedures were used and the whole data set was analysed using proven methodology. The prevalence of stomach, colon, rectum, lung, breast, cervix uteri, corpus uteri and prostate cancer, as well as of melanoma of skin, Hodgkin's disease, leukaemia and all malignant neoplasms combined, were estimated for the end of 1992. RESULTS There were large differences between countries in the prevalence of all cancers combined; estimates ranged from 1170 per 100000 in the Polish cancer registration areas to 3050 per 100000 in southern Sweden. For most cancers, the Swedish, Swiss, German and Italian areas had high prevalence, and the Polish, Estonian, Slovakian and Slovenian areas had low prevalence. Of the total prevalent cases, 61% were women and 57% were 65 years of age or older. Cases diagnosed within 2 years of the reference date formed 22% of all prevalent cases. Breast cancer accounted for 34% of all prevalent cancers in females and colorectal cancer for 15% in males. Prevalence tended to be high where cancer incidence was high, but the prevalence was highest in countries where survival was also high. Prevalence was low where general mortality was high (correlation between general mortality and the prevalence of all cancers = -0.64) and high where gross domestic product was high (correlation = +0.79). Thus, the richer areas of Europe had higher prevalence, suggesting that prevalence will increase with economic development. CONCLUSIONS EUROPREVAL is the largest project on prevalence conducted to date. It has provided complete and accurate estimates of cancer prevalence in Europe, constituting essential information for cancer management. The expected increases in prevalence with economic development will require more resources; allocation to primary prevention should therefore be prioritised.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Micheli
- Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori, Milano, Italy.
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170
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Affiliation(s)
- F. Day
- The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - M. Coleman
- The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
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171
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Day F, Coleman M. An unexpectedly shallow epidural space. Anaesthesia 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2044.1998.00527.x-i1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Day
- The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
| | - M. Coleman
- The Toronto Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 2C4, Canada
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172
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Pearce EIF, Sissons CH, Coleman M, Wang X, Anderson SA, Wong L. The effect of sucrose application frequency and basal nutrient conditions on the calcium and phosphate content of experimental dental plaque. Caries Res 2002; 36:87-92. [PMID: 12037364 DOI: 10.1159/000057865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
A reduced pool of calcium in dental plaque would be expected to increase the ability of plaque fluid to dissolve the underlying enamel when the pH falls during sugar exposure. We have examined the relationship between frequency of sugar application and Ca and P(i) concentrations in artificial mouth plaque microcosm biofilms. Ten plaques were grown simultaneously from a human saliva inoculum using a continuous flow of simulated saliva, DMM, supplemented with either urea or glucose to modulate the resting pH. In addition the plaques received sucrose applications of varying frequency: 12-, 8-, 6-, or 4-hourly, or not at all. After 15 days the plaques were sampled by taking 4 full-thickness specimens of each, and acid-extractable Ca and P(i), and alkali-soluble protein and carbohydrate were determined. Ca and P(i) concentrations were in a range comparable with those in human plaque, except in the DMM + urea plaque receiving no sucrose, when concentrations were higher. Plaque Ca concentration decreased significantly as sucrose application frequency increased. Increasing sucrose application frequency also reduced the protein, i.e. the cell biomass, content of the plaques and, in the case of DMM + urea plaques, increased the water-insoluble hexose content, presumably extracellular polysaccharide. Reduced biomass was partly due to the bulking of plaque with extracellular polysaccharide, but the marked effect of urea on polysaccharide formation is not understood. This study shows that increasing frequency of sugar application alters dental plaque by reducing its mineral protection capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- E I F Pearce
- Wellington School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Wellington South, New Zealand.
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173
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Quezada A, Horner MJ, Loera D, French M, Pericle F, Johnson R, Perrard J, Jenkins M, Coleman M. Safety toxicity study of plasmid-based IL-12 therapy in Cynomolgus monkeys. J Pharm Pharmacol 2002; 54:241-8. [PMID: 11848288 DOI: 10.1211/0022357021778439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
We have investigated the potential toxicity of hlL-12 DNA plasmid formulated with 5% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) administered twice weekly via subcutaneous injections to Cynomolgus monkeys for four weeks, and have evaluated recovery from any effects of the test article over a four-week treatment-free period. Doses of the formulated hIL-12 plasmid were selected based on anti-tumour efficacy studies previously conducted in mice. The duration of the study and the frequency of dosing were designed to support clinical trials. No clinical signs indicative of an adverse effect of administration of formulated hIL-12 plasmid were observed. There were no apparent effects of the formulated hIL-12 plasmid on body weights or on serum chemistry, haematology, coagulation or urinalysis parameters. No treatment-elated ocular abnormalities were evident. In addition, examination of the electrocardiograms from all monkeys at the pre-study, week-4, and week-8 time points did not reveal any treatment-related effects. No treatment-related gross lesions were noted at days 28 or 57. Slight histopathological changes associated with high doses of PVP vehicle were observed at both time points. These results suggested that the administration of formulated hIL-12 plasmid at a dose level up to 18 mg kg(-1) dose twice per week for four weeks to experimentally naïve Cynomolgus monkeys did not result in significant toxicity. These results support further testing of this gene therapy in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Quezada
- Valentis, Inc, The Woodlands, TX 77381-4248, USA.
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174
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Abstract
AIM To determine how youths obtain tobacco in communities with strong enforcement of tobacco sales laws. SETTING Ten communities in Massachusetts with merchant compliance rates at or above 90%. METHODS Paper surveys and focus group discussions with 68 adolescent smokers. RESULTS Parents and friends are the primary sources of tobacco for new smokers. When stealing from parents can no longer satisfy the need for cigarettes, young adolescents ask strangers to buy them tobacco. For high school age smokers, teenage store clerks are a major source. Teenage clerks sell to other teenagers, steal tobacco, and help their friends steal from their employers. Friends who are 18 years of age or over are a second major source for older adolescents. Parents often purchase tobacco for older adolescents. CONCLUSION Recommended actions include raising the minimum age for the purchase of tobacco to 21 years, and prohibiting individuals less than 21 years of age from selling tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R DiFranza
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 55 Lake Avenue, Worcester, MA 01655, USA.
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175
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Monturo CA, Rogers PD, Coleman M, Robinson JP, Pickett M. Beyond sexual assessment: lessons learned from couples post radical prostatectomy. J Am Acad Nurse Pract 2001; 13:511-6. [PMID: 11930516 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-7599.2001.tb00017.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To share selected experiences of advanced practice nurses (APNs) who implemented a home-based nursing protocol related to psychosexual function for couples following radical surgery for prostate cancer. DATA SOURCES Selected research-based articles, the PLISSIT Model for sexual rehabilitation counseling, and the authors' experiences. CONCLUSIONS Five lessons related to communicating about sexuality and intimacy were synthesized from the experience, including examining knowledge and self-awareness regularly, using a structured interview guide to facilitate the process, developing a trusting relationship with the couple, attending to verbal and nonverbal cues, and providing information about the full range of sexual expression. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Include an assessment of sexual health as an integral part of a general health assessment. Patients do not generally volunteer information about their sexual concerns unless the subject is introduced by the APN.
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176
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Coleman M, Horn R, Goral S. An uncommon disease in a patient with a solitary kidney. Am J Kidney Dis 2001; 38:896-900. [PMID: 11576899 DOI: 10.1053/ajkd.2001.27724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Coleman
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232-2372, USA
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177
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Armstrong B, Coleman M, Davies C, Elbourne D, Fletcher A, Grundy E, Haines A, Hall A, Kirkwood B, Lamping D, Miles M, Roberts I, Sondorp E. Plight of Afghan people must not be forgotten. BMJ 2001; 323:755. [PMID: 11576993 PMCID: PMC1121306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
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178
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Armstrong B, Coleman M, Davies C, Elbourne D, Fletcher A, Grundy E, Haines A, Hall A, Kirkwood B, Lamping D, Miles M, Roberts I, Sondorp E. Plight of Afghan people must not be forgotten. West J Med 2001. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.323.7315.755b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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179
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Smith MD, Slavotinek J, Au V, Weedon H, Parker A, Coleman M, Roberts-Thomson PJ, Ahern MJ. Successful treatment of rheumatoid arthritis is associated with a reduction in synovial membrane cytokines and cell adhesion molecule expression. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40:965-77. [PMID: 11561106 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/40.9.965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the change in synovial membrane cytokine content and cell adhesion molecule expression in sequential biopsies from the same knee joint of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, before and following anti-rheumatic drug treatment and to assess the relationship of these changes with clinical responses to the drug treatment. METHODS A selected group of patients with rheumatoid arthritis, some of whom had achieved a disease remission based on American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria, were included in this study. Sequential synovial biopsies obtained before and throughout the treatment period were studied by immunohistochemical labelling techniques for the cellular content, production of a range of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and the expression of cell adhesion molecules. The staining was quantitated using computer-assisted digital image analysis. RESULTS There was a decrease in tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha) and interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) production in the synovial membrane lining and sublining of all patients who responded to treatment. The changes in IL-1 receptor antagonist production were variable. Paradoxically, there was a trend to decreased synovial membrane production of the anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-10 and transforming growth factor-beta (TGFbeta), while IL-4 was not detectable in any of the synovial membrane biopsies. A significant reduction in the density and total amount of E-selectin expression in the synovial membrane was seen. Similarly, intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) expression in the lining and sublining was decreased in those patients who had a significant clinical response to drug treatment or attained disease remission. There were no consistent or significant changes seen in the expression of other cell adhesion molecules in the synovial membranes of these patients. CONCLUSIONS Successful drug treatment of rheumatoid arthritis patients is characterized at the synovial membrane level by a decrease in TNFalpha, IL-10 and TGFbeta production. Some (E-selectin and ICAM-1) but not all (P-selectin, VCAM-1, PECAM-1) cell adhesion molecules are modulated in patients who respond clinically to drug treatment. E-selectin and ICAM-1 may be important targets for the development of future drug treatments for rheumatoid arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Smith
- Department of Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre and. Repatriation General Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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180
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Abstract
Mantle cell lymphoma is a distinct subtype and accounts for approximately 5 to 10% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. The malignant cells express pan B-cell markers, including CD19, CD20 and CD22, and the T-cell marker CD5, whereas CD10 and CD23 expression are usually absent. By cytogenetic analysis, the t(11;14)(q13;q32) translocation is commonly observed, resulting in overexpression of cyclin D1. This entity often combines some unfavorable clinical features of the indolent and aggressive lymphoma subtypes, as it is generally incurable and relatively aggressive. It is most commonly observed in men 50 to 70 years of age and is characterized by disseminated disease, usually involving lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen. Frequently, there is extranodal involvement including the gastrointestinal tract. These tumors are incurable with the currently available therapeutic options, with usual time to progression after chemotherapy of approximately 1 year. Newer chemotherapy regimens (including stem cell transplantation) and monoclonal antibody-based therapies have shown limited evidence of additional benefit. Overall, the prognosis for patients with mantle cell lymphoma remains poor, and novel strategies are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Leonard
- Center for Lymphoma and Myeloma, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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181
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Coleman M, Leonard J, Shuster MW, Kaufman TP. DICE (dexamethasone, ifosfamide, cisplatin, etoposide) infusional chemotherapy for refractory or relapsed non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL). Eur J Haematol Suppl 2001; 64:41-5. [PMID: 11486401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Continuous exposure to naturally-derived chemotherapy agents such as etoposide may theoretically override drug resistance due to overexpression of the multidrug resistance gene product, p-glycoprotein. Dexamethasone in high dose may have a similar overriding effect. Data also suggest that ifosfamide both by continuous infusion and when combined with a platinum compound may be more effective. Forty-four chemotherapy-refractory/relapsed lymphoma patients received the DICE infusional regimen. The programme consisted of dexamethasone 40 mg i.v. daily for 4 days, ifosfamide 1500 mg mixed with equal dosing of mesna continuously infused i.v. daily for 4 days, cisplatin 25 mg i.v. each day for 4 days and etoposide 150 mg continuously infused i.v. daily for 4 days, all administered every 3 weeks. Doses of ifosfamide and etoposide were escalated by 250 mg and 25 mg, respectively, based on patient tolerance, usually lack of myelosuppression. Special hydration was not required. G-CSF support was provided to patients as required. All patients had disease that had relapsed from or was resistant to CHOP or a similar anthracycline-containing combination regimen. A majority had previously received at least two regimens and 27% had received three or more. Of 44 patients, 32 (73%) achieved a significant response consisting of 18 complete remissions (CR) (41%) and 14 (32%) partial remissions (PR). There were 81% objective responses in large cell lymphoma comprised of 50% CR and 31% PR. Previous response to chemotherapy predicted response to DICE: 83% (25/30) of prior responders vs 50% (7/14) of non-responders had a response to the treatment regimen (p = 0.031, Fisher's exact test). Patients not undergoing transplantation had a median time of 8 months on therapy and a mean of 10 months. Toxicity was haematological (36% developing grade III-IV toxicity) and neurological (9%). There were only three episodes of clinical cystitis or gross haematuria. Infusional DICE is an easily administered and well tolerated programme with significant activity in refractory or relapsed NHL and may be useful as a tumour-reductive therapy prior to high-dose chemotherapy and autologous stem cell transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coleman
- Centre for Lymphoma and Myeloma and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York-Presbyterian Hospital, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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182
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Abstract
UNLABELLED AIMS OF THE STUDY/PAPER: This paper reports the results of a survey of forensic community mental health nurses (FCMHNs) in England and Wales which aimed to ascertain the level of stress and burnout experienced by this group. BACKGROUND/RATIONALE Several studies have identified that mental health nursing is a stressful activity and the relationship between factors such as age, experience, support, caseload size and perceived stress have been explored. However, until recently, no studies have examined the situation of FCMHNs and this paper extends the analysis of studies completed by the main author, considering issues related to coping abilities and support systems. DESIGN/METHODS The survey involved respondents completing a demographic questionnaire and a range of standardized validated measures (Maslach Burnout Inventory, General Health Questionnaire and Community Psychiatric Nurse Stress Questionnaire). The population for the study was all identified FCMHNs attached to the 26 National Health Service (NHS) Medium Secure Units in England and Wales (n=104). RESULTS/FINDINGS A high response rate of 77% (n=80) was achieved. The results identified that a number of respondents were experiencing burnout. Statistically significant associations were found between caseload size and level of stress. The results also suggest that support from managers and colleagues were an important factor in ameliorating the experience of stress and show that individuals in this study experiencing high levels of stress adopted palliative behaviours such as use of alcohol. CONCLUSIONS The paper concludes by suggesting that such findings should be considered when delivering stress management programmes and reinforce the potential benefit of effective clinical supervision as a means of staff support.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coffey
- School of Health Science, University of Wales Swansea, Swansea, UK.
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183
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Myers MF, Blumenfield M, Newman R, Coleman M, Wentworth GC. How to get help for your troubled patients. Med Econ 2001; 78:87-8, 91-3. [PMID: 11338243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
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184
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Lipton H, Coleman M. Bereavement practice guidelines for health care professionals in the emergency department. Int J Emerg Ment Health 2001; 2:19-31. [PMID: 11232101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A panel of multidisciplinary experts in the field of emergency services was convened by the National Association of Social Workers in 1999 to develop Bereavement Practice Guidelines. Funded by the Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau, this paper discusses the best practices in supporting the family and staff when a child dies suddenly in the Emergency Department. Critical stages ranging from preparation to follow-up are discussed that help to enhance the quality of care provided to the family. A final stage addresses the support needs of staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Lipton
- National Association of Social Workers, 750 First Street, NE, Suite 700, Washington, DC 20002, USA
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185
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Smith MD, Kraan MC, Slavotinek J, Au V, Weedon H, Parker A, Coleman M, Roberts-Thomson PJ, Ahern MJ. Treatment-induced remission in rheumatoid arthritis patients is characterized by a reduction in macrophage content of synovial biopsies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2001; 40:367-74. [PMID: 11312372 DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/40.4.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To document the change in synovial membrane macrophage and T-lymphocyte content in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients who achieve remission induced by disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs (DMARDs). METHODS Arthroscopic synovial biopsies were taken from four to seven sites around a knee joint in 13 patients with RA before and at regular intervals after commencing treatment with a DMARD. The cellular content of synovial membrane biopsies taken at regular intervals for a period of up to 3 yr after commencing treatment was quantitated by routine histopathology and immunohistochemical labelling with anti-macrophage (CD68) and anti-T lymphocyte (UCHL-1) antibodies. Synovial biopsies were quantitated with a validated semiquantitative scoring system and video image analysis. RESULTS Nine patients obtained clinical remission, as defined by American College of Rheumatology (ACR) criteria. The changes that occurred in the synovial biopsies included a reduction in lining layer thickness, reduced vascularity and cellular infiltrate. The most significant reduction in cellular infiltrate was in the lining layer macrophages, with less dramatic change in the subintimal macrophage infiltrate. Although there was a reduction in CD45 Ro-positive T lymphocytes in the synovial membranes of patients who attained ACR-defined disease remission, it was less significant than the reduction in macrophage content of the synovial membranes and tended to plateau at a reduced level of T-cell infiltration. CONCLUSIONS Remission in RA patients is characterized by a predominant reduction in macrophage content of the synovial membrane, suggesting that current DMARDs may target this cell and its inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Smith
- Department of Medicine, Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, South Australia
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186
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Abstract
The hemoglobin molecule of the commercially important brine shrimp Artemia sp. has been used extensively as a model for the study of molecular evolution. It consists of nine globin domains joined by short linker sequences, and these domains are believed to have originated through a series of duplications from an original globin gene. In addition, in Artemia, two different polymers of hemoglobin, called C and T, are found which differ by 11.7% at the amino acid level and are believed to have diverged about 60 MYA. This provides a set of data of 18 globin domain sequences that have evolved in the same organism. The pattern of amino acid substitution between these two polymers is unusual, with pairs of equivalent domains displaying differences of up to 2.7-fold in total amino acid substitution. Such differences would reflect a similar range of molecular-clock rates in what appear to be duplicate, structurally equivalent domains. In order to provide a reference outgroup, we sequenced the cDNA for a nine-domain hemoglobin (P) from another genus of brine shrimp, Parartemia zietziana, which differs morphologically and ecologically from Artemia and is endemic to Australia. Parartemia produces only one hundredth the amount of hemoglobin that Artemia produces and does not upregulate production in response to low oxygen partial pressure. Comparison of the globin domains at the amino acid and DNA levels suggests that the Artemia globin T gene has accumulated substitutions differently from the Parartemia P and Artemia C globin genes. We discuss the questions of accelerated evolution after duplication and possible functions for the Parartemia globin.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coleman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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187
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Bowler N, Moss S, Winston M, Coleman M. An audit of psychiatric case notes in relation to antipsychotic medication and information giving. Clin Perform Qual Health Care 2001; 8:212-6. [PMID: 11189083 DOI: 10.1108/14664100010361773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper reports upon a Welsh Office funded "clinical effectiveness" project. The project aimed to produce evidence-based practice guidelines for depot neuroleptic medication. An audit was conducted to establish current practice regarding the provision of illness and treatment specific information to out-patients and their informal carers. Sixty-five patients' case-notes, under the care of a single community mental health team were examined for evidence of the type, nature and frequency of information given to patients receiving typical depot neuroleptic medications. Service guidelines were produced and are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bowler
- School of Health Science, University of Wales, Swansea, UK
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188
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Abstract
Plant disease resistance (R) genes control the recognition of specific pathogens and activate subsequent defense responses. We show that the Arabidopsis thaliana locus RESISTANCE TO POWDERY MILDEW8 (RPW8) contains two naturally polymorphic, dominant R genes, RPW8.1 and RPW8.2, which individually control resistance to a broad range of powdery mildew pathogens. Although the predicted RPW8.1 and RPW8.2 proteins are different from the previously characterized R proteins, they induce localized, salicylic acid-dependent defenses similar to those induced by R genes that control specific resistance. Apparently, broad-spectrum resistance mediated by RPW8 uses the same mechanisms as specific resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xiao
- School of Biological Sciences, University of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK
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189
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Dijkstra A, Coleman M, Dassen TW, Romoren TI, Välimäki M, Zanotti R. [Care dependency of nursing home patients with dementia: assessment from European perspective]. Tijdschr Gerontol Geriatr 2000; 31:245-51. [PMID: 11155498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
In an international, study psychometric properties of the Care Dependency Scale (in Dutch shortened as: ZAS) were examined by analysing data gathered in nursing homes in Germany, Finland, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway and Wales (UK). For that purpose, from these countries a convenience sample was developed consisting of 832 patients with dementia. The English, Finnish, German, Italian and Norwegian research instruments were translations of the original Dutch ZAS. Psychometric evaluations of the ZAS were carried out for each country separately as well as for the countries combined. High alpha coefficients between 0.93 and 0.97 were calculated. Subsequent interrater and test-retest reliability revealed moderate to substantial kappa values. Factor analysis resulted in a one-factor solution. One of the main outcomes of the cross-cultural comparison was that the findings in the six countries show more similarities than differences, so that the scale can be used appropriately in nursing home practice and for international comparison of care dependency.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Dijkstra
- Noordelijk Centrum voor Gezondheidsvraagstukken, Rijksuniversiteit Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen.
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190
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Coleman M, Toledo C, Wallinga C. Stress responses of child care providers to classroom activities and childhood behaviors involving HIV/AIDS. J Pediatr Nurs 2000; 15:356-63. [PMID: 11151473 DOI: 10.1053/jpdn.2000.16711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Child care providers in a southeastern state were asked to indicate their level of stress when responding to classroom activities and childhood behaviors involving a child who tests positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). No significant correlations were found between the providers' stress responses and their professional background. Significant correlations were found between the providers' stress responses and their knowledge of HIV transmission and agreement with HIV child care policies. Follow up chi-square analysis revealed that a majority of providers reported low to slight stress when considering individual classroom activities in association with an HIV-positive (HIV+) child. Likewise, a significant majority of the providers reported low to slight stress when considering low-threat behaviors associated with an HIV+ child. In contrast, a significant majority of the providers reported moderate to great stress when considering high-threat behaviors associated with an HIV+ child. Implications of these findings are addressed for nurse educators who provide training to child care providers regarding young children who are HIV+.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Coleman
- Department of Child and Family Development, Dawson Hall, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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191
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Lyons MJ, Campbell R, Plante A, Coleman M, Kamachi M, Akamatsu S. The Noh mask effect: vertical viewpoint dependence of facial expression perception. Proc Biol Sci 2000; 267:2239-45. [PMID: 11413638 PMCID: PMC1690807 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2000.1274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Full-face masks, worn by skilled actors in the Noh tradition, can induce a variety of perceived expressions with changes in head orientation. Out-of-plane rotation of the head changes the two-dimensional image characteristics of the face which viewers may misinterpret as non-rigid changes due to muscle action. Three experiments with Japanese and British viewers explored this effect. Experiment 1 confirmed a systematic relationship between vertical angle of view of a Noh mask and judged affect. A forward tilted mask was more often judged happy, and one backward tilted more often judged sad. This effect was moderated by culture. Japanese viewers ascribed happiness to the mask at greater degrees of backward tilt with a reversal towards sadness at extreme forward angles. Cropping the facial image of chin and upper head contour reduced the forward-tilt reversal. Finally, the relationship between head tilt and affect was replicated with a laser-scanned human face image, but with no cultural effect. Vertical orientation of the head changes the apparent disposition of facial features and viewers respond systematically to these changes. Culture moderates this effect, and we discuss how perceptual strategies for ascribing expression to familiar and unfamiliar images may account for the differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lyons
- Advanced Telecommunications Research International Media Integration and Communications Research Laboratories, 2-2-2 Hikari-dai, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto 619-0288, Japan.
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192
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Abstract
This paper describes the results of an evaluation of a multidisciplinary liaison service based in an A&E department of a district general hospital in South Wales. The aims of the services were to increase the rate of referral for psychosocial assessment of individuals who presented at the department following acts of deliberate self-harm and to increase the number of such assessments completed within 24 h. The paper describes the context in which such a service was developed and outlines how this preliminary evaluation was completed. Data were collected from hospital records, over two corresponding five-month time-periods, in the year before the implementation of the service and the year following implementation of the service. The results show that the implementation of the service led to a statistically significant increase in the rate of referral for assessment by accident and emergency staff. Amongst other positive outcomes, the rate of repeat presentations was reduced for the period of one year following initial presentation. The implications of these results are discussed in relation to other research in the area and the suggestion is made that nursing staff may be more clinically and cost effective in completing psychosocial assessments in A&E departments than medical staff.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Morgan
- Gwent NHS Community Trust, Gwent, UK
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193
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES It has been assumed that nicotine dependence has a slow onset and occurs only after prolonged daily use of tobacco. A cohort of young adolescents was followed to determine when the first symptoms of nicotine dependence occur with respect to the duration and frequency of tobacco use. DESIGN A cohort of 681 seventh grade students (age 12-13 years) from seven schools in two small cities in central Massachusetts was followed over one year. Detailed information regarding tobacco use was obtained in individual confidential interviews conducted in school three times over the year. The latency time to the onset of symptoms of nicotine dependence was measured from the time a subject first smoked at a frequency of at least once per month. RESULTS 22% of the 95 subjects who had initiated occasional smoking reported a symptom of nicotine dependence within four weeks of initiating monthly smoking. One or more symptoms were reported by 60 (63%) of these 95 subjects. Of the 60 symptomatic subjects, 62% had reported experiencing their first symptom before smoking daily or began smoking daily only upon experiencing their first symptom. DISCUSSION The first symptoms of nicotine dependence can appear within days to weeks of the onset of occasional use, often before the onset of daily smoking. The existence of three groups of individuals-rapid onset, slower onset, and resistant-distinguishable from one another by their susceptibility to nicotine dependence, is postulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R DiFranza
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01655, USA.
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194
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Abstract
Transdermal extraction of clinically relevant analytes offers a potentially noninvasive method of diagnostics. However, development of such a method is limited by the low permeability of skin. In this paper, we present a potential method for noninvasive diagnostics based on ultrasonic skin permeabilization and subsequent extraction of interstitial fluid (ISF) across the skin using vacuum. ISF extracted by this method was collected and analyzed for glucose and other analytes. Glucose concentration in the extracted fluid correlates well with blood glucose concentration over a range of 50-250 mg/dl. A mathematical model describing vacuum-induced transport of ISF through ultrasonically permeabilized skin is presented as well. The model accounts for convective, as well as diffusive, transport processes across blood capillaries, epidermis, and the stratum corneum. The overall predictions of the model compare favorably with the experimental observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara, California 93106, USA.
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195
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Abruzzese RV, Godin D, Mehta V, Perrard JL, French M, Nelson W, Howell G, Coleman M, O'Malley BW, Nordstrom JL. Ligand-dependent regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor and erythropoietin expression by a plasmid-based autoinducible GeneSwitch system. Mol Ther 2000; 2:276-87. [PMID: 10985958 DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2000.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the ability of an improved mifepristone-dependent GeneSwitch system to regulate the expression of genes for two therapeutic proteins: vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin. The GeneSwitch system consisted of two plasmids, one encoding the chimeric GeneSwitch protein, the other an inducible transgene. When the constitutive CMV promoter of the GeneSwitch plasmid was replaced by an autoinducible promoter consisting of four copies of GAL4 DNA binding sites linked to a minimal thymidine kinase promoter, the tightness of transgene regulation was improved by an order of magnitude. Quantitative RT-PCR analysis of GeneSwitch mRNA confirmed that the autoinducible promoter was responsive to mifepristone. We demonstrated the ability of the improved GeneSwitch system to regulate the expression of VEGF or erythropoietin in a biologically relevant manner after delivery of plasmids to the hind-limb muscle of adult mice. This ability of the autoinducible GeneSwitch system to regulate the expression of therapeutic proteins in mice indicates its potential for use in human gene therapy applications.
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196
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Covey DF, Han M, Kumar AS, de La Cruz MA, Meadows ES, Hu Y, Tonnies A, Nathan D, Coleman M, Benz A, Evers AS, Zorumski CF, Mennerick S. Neurosteroid analogues. 8. Structure-activity studies of N-acylated 17a-aza-D-homosteroid analogues of the anesthetic steroids (3alpha, 5alpha)- and (3alpha,5beta)-3-hydroxypregnan-20-one. J Med Chem 2000; 43:3201-4. [PMID: 10966737 DOI: 10.1021/jm0002477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D F Covey
- Departments of Molecular Biology and Pharmacology, Anesthesiology, Psychiatry, and Anatomy and Neurobiology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, Missouri 63110, USA
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197
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Abstract
This research based article confronts fundamental questions which concern every theatre nurse. The questions are not new; they have been asked since the 1960s, and on the basis of evidence presented here, answers are still elusive. As with any piece of research, readers should not accept what is offered at face value. Indeed, the authors point out that the views presented are those of a small sample of theatre managers. Give this article the benefit of your open mind and constructive critical opinion. Open Forum and letters to the editor are your avenues for expressing agreement or argument with what you read in the British Journal of Perioperative Nursing - read on and let us know what you think.
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Affiliation(s)
- J White
- School of Health Science, University of Wales, Swansea
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198
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Abstract
PURPOSE Transdermal extraction of clinically relevant analytes offers a potentially non-invasive method of diagnostics. However, development of such a method is limited by the low skin permeability. In this paper, we report a potential method for non-invasive diagnostics based on ultrasonic skin permeabilization and subsequent extraction of interstitial fluid (ISF) across the skin. METHODS In vivo experiments were performed using Sprague Dawley rats to assess ultrasound-induced skin permeabilization and subsequent extraction of various analytes. Serum and ISF concentrations of various analytes were measured. RESULTS Application of low-frequency ultrasound rapidly increased skin permeability. Skin remained in a state of high permeability for at least three hours. During this period, application of vacuum extracted ISF across rat skin in vivo at a rate of 25.7 microl/cm2/hr. We measured concentrations of various analytes including glucose, albumin, calcium, urea, triglycerides, lactate, and dextran in transdermally extracted fluid. The composition of the fluid extracted transdermally is similar to that of ISF. CONCLUSIONS Application of low-frequency ultrasound allows skin permeabilization and extraction of ISF across the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Mitragotri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of California, Santa Barbara 93106, USA.
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199
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient knowledge of perioperative care, particularly the role of the anaesthetist, appears limited. AIM This study investigated patients' knowledge of common medical terms, of their surgical care, of the role of the anaesthetist, and their preoperative fears and concerns about postoperative pain. We examined the changes in their knowledge base as a result of the pre-anaesthetic visit and their inpatient stay. METHODS Three hundred patients were surveyed on three separate occasions, before a routine pre-anaesthetic visit, two to three hours after this visit and on the day of discharge from hospital. RESULTS Patients' knowledge of medical terms, their surgical procedure, and the role of the anaesthetist in their perioperative care were limited. There was little change following either the pre-anaesthetic visit or postoperative convalescence. Misconceptions, about such issues as postoperative pain, appeared to increase by the end of their hospital stay. Male patients, older patients and patients in lower socio-economic groups had poorer knowledge. A significant proportion of patients remained unaware that the anaesthetist was medically qualified. CONCLUSIONS Patients' knowledge of perioperative care is limited, with very little change during hospital stay. Novel educational approaches may be required to increase basic medical knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Laffey
- Department of Anaesthesia, Intensive Care and Pain Medicine, St. Vincent's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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200
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Abstract
A subclass of patients with classic infantile autism have uric acid excretion which is >2 S.D.s above the normal mean. These hyperuricosuric autistic individuals may comprise approx. 20% of the autistic population. In order to determine the metabolic basis for urate overexcretion in these patients, de novo purine synthesis was measured in the cultured skin fibroblasts of these patients by quantification of the radiolabeled purine compounds produced by incubation with radiolabeled sodium formate. For comparison, de novo purine synthesis in normal controls, in normouricosuric autistic patients, and cells from patients with other disorders in which excessive uric acid excretion is seen was also measured. These experiments showed that de novo purine synthesis is increased approx. 4-fold in the hyperuricosuric autistic patients. This increase was less than that found in other hyperuricosuric disorders. No unusual radiolabeled compounds (such as adenylosuccinate) were detected in these experiments, and no gross deficiencies of radiolabeled nucleotides were seen. However, the ratio of adenine to guanine nucleotides produced by de novo synthesis was found to be lower in the cells of the hyperuricosuric autistic patients than in the normal controls or the cells from patients with other disorders. These results indicate that the hyperuricosuric subclass of autistic patients have increased de novo purine synthesis, and that the increase is approximately that expected for the degree of urate overexcretion when compared to other hyperuricosuric disorders. No particular enzyme defect was suggested by either gross deficiency of a radiolabeled compound or the appearance of an unusual radiolabeled compound, and no potentially neurotoxic metabolites were seen. Although an enzyme defect responsible for the accelerated purine synthesis was not identified, the abnormal ratio of adenine to guanine nucleotides suggests a defect in purine nucleotide interconversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Page
- Department of Neurosciences, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0624, USA
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