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Leonard P, Sharp T, Henderson S, Hewitt D, Pringle J, Sandison A, Goodship A, Whelan J, Boshoff C. Gene expression array profile of human osteosarcoma. Br J Cancer 2004; 89:2284-8. [PMID: 14676807 PMCID: PMC2395284 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The aims of this pilot study were to determine whether needle and open biopsies from osteosarcoma (OS) provide sufficient quality of mRNA for cDNA array analyses to gain insights into the expression profile of OS. A total of 22 samples collected from OS were used for array analyses. A primary cell culture was also established from one of the OS biopsies. Total RNA was extracted and probes were generated for cDNA arrays. cDNA probes were made for all the 22 samples. Two of these samples were needle core bone biopsies. Statistical analysis confirmed the reliability of array data obtained in 16 of the 22 samples. Known genes involved in bone metabolism and osteosarcoma were identified as highly expressed, and the putative new marker Ezrin was also identified. Confirmatory immunohistochemical staining using the Ezrin antibody was performed in a selection of samples.
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Leonard P, Kröschel R, Seela F. Oligonucleotides incorporating N7-(2'-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)isoguanine. NUCLEOSIDES NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2003; 22:1235-7. [PMID: 14565388 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-120022844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The H-phosphonate and the phosphoramidite of N7-2'-deoxyisoguanosine (2) were prepared and incorporated into oligonucleotide duplexes. Their base pairing properties were investigated and compared with those of the parent purine nucleosides.
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Leonard P, Beattie TF. How do blood cultures sent from a paediatric accident and emergency department influence subsequent clinical management? Emerg Med J 2003; 20:347-8. [PMID: 12835345 PMCID: PMC1726132 DOI: 10.1136/emj.20.4.347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the clinical impact of positive results from blood cultures sent from a busy paediatric accident and emergency department. METHODS All children who attended the department over a seven month period and had blood culture investigations were identified. Case notes of patients who had any growth on blood culture were reviewed to determine whether the organism was felt to be pathogenic and how the result affected clinical management. RESULTS 1159 children had blood cultures sent, 26 of these grew an organism that was felt to be pathogenic. However, only five significantly influenced clinical management. CONCLUSIONS Blood cultures sent from an accident and emergency department rarely influence clinical management. A more focused approach to bacteriological investigation is recommended.
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Leonard P, Stafford S, Calhoun K, Buckingham E, Decherd M, Grant J, Sur S, Alam R. Phosphoproteomic analyses of upper airway mucosa reveal activation of select signaling pathways in patients with allergic rhinitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0091-6749(03)81049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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80
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Leonard P, Hearty S, Brennan J, Dunne L, Quinn J, Chakraborty T, O’Kennedy R. Advances in biosensors for detection of pathogens in food and water. Enzyme Microb Technol 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0141-0229(02)00232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 431] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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81
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Leonard P, Seymour MT, James R, Hochhauser D, Ledermann JA. Phase II study of irinotecan with bolus and high dose infusional 5-FU and folinic acid (modified de Gramont) for first or second line treatment of advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2002; 87:1216-20. [PMID: 12439708 PMCID: PMC2408897 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2002] [Revised: 08/09/2002] [Accepted: 09/09/2002] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the activity of irinotecan given with a more convenient modified bimonthly de Gramont regimen of bolus and infusional 5-fluorouracil [IrMdG] in advanced or metastatic colorectal cancer in the first and second line setting. Irinotecan 180 mg m(-2) was infused over 90 min. L-folinic acid 175 mg or d,l folinic acid 350 mg was given over 2 h followed by a bolus of 5-fluorouracil (400 mg m(-2)) and a 46 h continuous infusion of 5-fluorouracil (2.4-2.8 g m(-2)). Forty-six previously untreated patients (Group A) and 36 who had received 5-fluorouracil for metastatic disease (Group B) were recruited. Seventy-eight patients were evaluable for response. A partial response was seen in 13 out of 43 (30% [95%CI 28.1-31.9%]) in Group A and 8/35 (23% [95% CI 17.9-28.1%]) in Group B. 40% (95%CI 38.1-41.9%) of Group A and 26% (95% CI 20.9-31.1%) of Group B patients achieved disease stabilisation. The median progression free survival from the start of this treatment was 7 months (95% CI 4.4-9.6 months) in Group A and 5 months (95% CI 2.8-7.2 months) in Group B. Median overall survival was 14 months (95% CI 9.0-18.9) in Group A and 11 months (95% CI 5.9-16.1) in Group B. Grade 3-4 toxicity in both treatment groups were similar; leucopenia 17% and diarrhoea 7-8%. Grade 3-4 mucositis was not seen and severe alopecia affected only three patients. IrMdG is an active and well-tolerated regimen for both the first and second line treatment of advanced colorectal cancer.
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Leonard P. The role of biological research in supporting policy needs. MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2002; 54:209-213. [PMID: 12408564 DOI: 10.1016/s0141-1136(02)00158-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Within the UK, the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (DEFRA) is one of several government departments which undertakes research in support of its policy aims. For example, DEFRA has responsibility for licensing the deposit of materials in the sea in order to protect the environment, public health and prevent interference with other uses of the sea. This includes assessment of pollutant responses in marine organisms. The objectives include assessment of the sub-lethal effect that pollutants have at the cellular, organ and individual level, for example in normal genetic, behavioural and reproductive activity and extrapolation of the potential impact of pollutants to populations. This work helps DEFRA to establish whether individually or in combination, pollutants have an adverse effect on the environment. This paper gives some examples of the research undertaken and demonstrates how biological research can provide cost effective solutions to analytical problems and an opportunity to predict the way in which proposed disposal operations may have an impact on the marine environment. The way such research may influence policy is also discussed.
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83
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Leonard P, Halley A, Browne S. Prevalence of obesity, lipid and glucose abnormalities in outpatients prescribed clozapine. IRISH MEDICAL JOURNAL 2002; 95:119-20. [PMID: 12090443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with schizophrenia have standardised mortality rates which are double that of the general population. In addition to suicide, high rates of cardiovascular and respiratory disease contribute to this raised mortality rate. Although clozapine has been reported to improve psychotic symptoms and decrease suicide rates, attention has recently focussed on its potential to increase cardiovascular risk factors including obesity, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus. This study aimed to ascertain the prevalence of these risk factors in a cohort of Irish outpatients treated with clozapine.
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Debruyn X, Nkoghe D, Leonard P, Moutschen M, Demonty J. [Morphological and metabolic abnormalities related to antiretroviral therapy]. REVUE MEDICALE DE LIEGE 2002; 57:23-8. [PMID: 11899493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
The long term use of antiretroviral therapy is associated with metabolic and morphological abnormalities named lipodystrophy. The understanding of its epidemiology is in progress. NRTIs and Pls are involved in the origin of these abnormalities. So, NRTIs inhibit mitochondrial gamma polymerase and induce body fat distribution disorders. PIs interfere with lipid metabolism, leading to hyperlipidaemia and insulin resistance symptomatology. The diagnosis is made by clinical (far wasting or accumulation, or mixed syndrome) and biological signs (hyperlipidaemia, hyperglycaemia, hyperlactacidaemia). Radiological exams can quantify morphological abnormalities. The management consists in drug substitution, diet and exercise, and corrective drugs. Plastic surgery can be useful.
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Leonard P, Oglesby A, Beattie T. Re: Davies et al. Irreducible anterior shoulder dislocation: the greater tuberosity Hill-Sachs lesion. Injury 2000;31:470-1. Injury 2002; 33:95. [PMID: 11879851 DOI: 10.1016/s0020-1383(01)00148-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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86
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Ledermann JA, Leonard P, Seymour M. Recommendation for caution with irinotecan, fluorouracil, and leucovorin for colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med 2001; 345:145-6. [PMID: 11450667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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87
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Leonard P, Wiglenda T, Seela F. Synthesis and base pairing properties of 9-deazapurine N7-nucleosides in oligonucleotide duplexes and triplexes. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2001; 20:1279-82. [PMID: 11563003 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The 9-deazaguanine N7-2'-deoxyribofuranoside (3) as well as the bromo and iodo derivatives 4a,b were synthesized and incorporated in oligonucleotide duplexes and triplexes. Their base pairing properties were investigated and compared with those of the parent purine N7-2'-deoxyribofuanosides.
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88
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Seela F, Ramzaeva N, Leonard P, Chen Y, Debelak H, Feiling E, Kröschel R, Zulauf M, Wenzel T, Fröhlich T, Kostrzewa M. Phosphoramidites and oligonucleotides containing 7-deazapurines and pyrimidines carrying aminopropargyl side chains. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2001; 20:1421-4. [PMID: 11563035 DOI: 10.1081/ncn-100002568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis of phosphoramidites containing 7-deazaguanine, 7-deazaadenine, uracil and cytosine carrying aminopropargyl chains is described. The corresponding oligonucleotides are stabilized in duplexes thermally as well as against degradation by exonucleases.
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Shankar A, Leonard P, Renaut AJ, Lederman J, Lees WR, Gillams AR, Harrison E, Taylor I. Neo-adjuvant therapy improves resectability rates for colorectal liver metastases. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2001; 83:85-8. [PMID: 11320935 PMCID: PMC2503337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Liver resection improves survival in selected patients with colorectal liver metastases. However, the majority of patients with colorectal liver metastases have inoperable disease at presentation. Neo-adjuvant therapy (systemic or regional chemotherapy and interstitial laser therapy) used singly or in combination may convert a selected group of patients with irresectable liver metastases into an operable state. PATIENTS AND METHODS We report a series of patients with initially inoperable multiple colorectal liver metastases who became operable after neo-adjuvant therapy. Operability was defined as unilateral disease limited to the liver. Twelve patients (7 female, 5 male, median age 57 years, range 38-69 years) with multiple inoperable colorectal liver metastases (8 synchronous, 4 metachronous) were initially treated with systemic chemotherapy (n = 7), hepatic arterial chemotherapy (n = 2) and chemotherapy plus interstitial laser therapy (n = 3). RESULTS In all cases, a significant response was achieved which enabled subsequent liver resection to be undertaken. There was only one postoperative complication (8%) and no peri-operative deaths. 3 patients were operated on within the last 12 months and are still alive. Of the remainder, 1 died within 1 year with recurrent disease. The remaining patients have a median survival of 2.5 years, range 1.39-4 years. CONCLUSIONS These results are similar to those reported for patients undergoing resection for operable metastases without neo-adjuvant therapy. Aggressive multimodality treatment of colorectal liver metastases in specialised centres may improve the resectability rates and survival in a selected group of patients.
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Leonard P. Energy bands, densities of states and X-ray spectra of Al with superposed self-consistent potentials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1088/0305-4608/8/3/015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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91
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Brasseur E, Lemineur T, Leonard P, Richardy M, Lambermont B. [Clinical case of the month. Acute methanol intoxication]. REVUE MEDICALE DE LIEGE 2001; 56:7-10. [PMID: 11256142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
We report a fatal methanol intoxication and discuss its physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment.
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92
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Anwer K, Meaney C, Kao G, Hussain N, Shelvin R, Earls RM, Leonard P, Quezada A, Rolland AP, Sullivan SM. Cationic lipid-based delivery system for systemic cancer gene therapy. Cancer Gene Ther 2000; 7:1156-64. [PMID: 10975676 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cgt.7700218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A cationic lipid-based gene delivery system composed of N-[(1-(2,3-dioleyloxy)propyl)]-N-N-N-trimethylammonium chloride and cholesterol, at a 4:1 molar ratio, was developed for systemic administration. Plasmid biodistribution and expression were characterized in syngeneic mouse tumor model squamous cell carcinoma VII cells. A reporter gene expression plasmid was used for biodistribution of plasmid and expression. The results showed that lungs and primary tumors were transfected. Fluorescence microscopy showed that fluorescent-labeled transfection complexes were passively targeted to the tumor vasculature and that the endothelial cells internalized the plasmid. Transgene expression was characterized based on duration of expression and dosing schedule. In vivo gene transfer with an interleukin-12 expression plasmid yielded protein levels in blood, lungs, and primary tumor after intravenous administration. Efficacy studies showed that 15 microg of interleukin-12 plasmid was sufficient to produce a gene-specific inhibition of primary tumor growth. These results characterize the vascularity of the tumor model, characterize the in vivo gene transfer properties of the plasmid-based gene delivery system, and show that the transgene expression level was sufficient to elicit a biological response by inhibiting tumor growth.
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Anwer K, Logan M, Tagliaferri F, Wadhwa M, Monera O, Tung CH, Chen W, Leonard P, French M, Proctor B, Wilson E, Singhal A, Rolland A. Synthetic glycopeptide-based delivery systems for systemic gene targeting to hepatocytes. Pharm Res 2000; 17:451-9. [PMID: 10870990 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007533121682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To design, synthesize, and test synthetic glycopeptide-based delivery systems for gene targeting to hepatocytes by systemic administration. METHODS All peptides were synthesized by the solid phase method developed using Fmoc chemistry on a peptide synthesizer. The binding of galactosylated peptides to HepG2 cells and accessibility of the galactose residues on particle surface was demonstrated by a competition assay using 125I-labeled asialoorosomucoid and RCA lectin agglutination assay, respectively. DNA plasmid encoding chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) gene was complexed with a tri-galactosylated peptide (GM245.3) or tri-galactosylated lipopeptide (GM246.3) in the presence of an endosomolytic peptide (GM225.1) or endosomolytic lipopeptide (GM227.3) to obtain DNA particles of 100-150 nm in size. The plasmid/peptide complexes were added to HepG2 cell cultures or intravenously administered by tail vein injection into normal mice or rats. Plasmid uptake and expression was quantified by qPCR and ELISA, respectively. RESULTS Multiple antennary glycopeptides that have the ability to condense and deliver DNA plasmid to hepatocytes were synthesized and complexed with DNA plasmid to obtain colloidally stable DNA/peptide complexes. Addition of DNA/GM245.3/GM225.1 peptide complexes (1:3:1 (-/+/-)) to HepG2 cell cultures yielded CAT expression in transfected cells. The transfection efficiency was significantly reduced in the absence of galactose ligand or removal of endosomolytic peptide. Intravenous administration of DNA/GM245.3 peptide complexes (1:0.5 (-/+)) into the tail vein of normal rats yielded DNA uptake in the liver. Substitution of GM245.3 by galactosylated lipopeptide GM246.3 resulted in more stable DNA particles, and a 10-fold enhancement in liver plasmid uptake. CAT expression was detectable in liver following intravenous administration of DNA/GM246.3 complexes. Addition of endosomolytic lipopeptide GM227.3 into the complexes (DNA/ GM246.3/GM227.3 (1:0.5:1 (-/+/-))) yielded a 5-fold increase in CAT expression. Liver expression was 8-fold and 40-fold higher than lung and spleen, respectively, and localized in the hepatocytes only. The transfection efficiency in liver was enhanced by increasing DNA dose and injection volume. The plasmid uptake and expression in liver using DNA/GM246.3/GM227.3 complexes was 100-200-fold higher than DNA formulated in glucose. Tissue examination and serum biochemistry did not show any adverse effect of the DNA/GM246.3/ GM227.3 (1:0.5:1 (-/+/-)) complexes after intravenous delivery. CONCLUSIONS Gene targeting to hepatocytes was achieved by systemic administration of a well-tolerated synthetic glycopeptide-based delivery system. The transfection efficiency of this glycopeptide delivery system was dependent on peptide structure, endosomolytic activity, colloidal particle stability, and injection volume.
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Seela F, Wei C, Becher G, Zulauf M, Leonard P. The influence of modified purine bases on the stability of parallel DNA. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2000; 10:289-92. [PMID: 10698456 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(99)00679-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The stability of the parallel-stranded (ps) DNA duplexes is increased when the dA-residues are replaced by the 7-substituted 7-deaza-2'-deoxyadenosine derivatives 3a,b or the dG-residues by the 8-aza-7-deazapurine 2'-deoxynucleosides 6 and 7a,b. Also the N-7-glycosylated adenine 5 forms stable base pairs in ps-DNA while it destabilizes oligonucleotide duplexes with antiparallel chain orientation. The presence of a 2-amino group as in compound 4b is critical for the DNA-structure, leading to a much greater destabilization of the ps-hybrids than of aps-DNA.
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Fitzpatrick J, Fanning L, Hearty S, Leonard P, Manning BM, Quinn JG, O'Kennedy R. Applications and Recent Developments in the use of Antibodies for Analysis. ANAL LETT 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710008543210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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96
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Whelan J, Hoare D, Leonard P. Omeprazole does not alter plasma methotrexate clearance. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1999; 44:88-9. [PMID: 10367754 DOI: 10.1007/s002800050949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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97
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Mahato RI, Anwer K, Tagliaferri F, Meaney C, Leonard P, Wadhwa MS, Logan M, French M, Rolland A. Biodistribution and gene expression of lipid/plasmid complexes after systemic administration. Hum Gene Ther 1998; 9:2083-99. [PMID: 9759935 DOI: 10.1089/hum.1998.9.14-2083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to investigate the influence of physicochemical properties of lipid/plasmid complexes on in vivo gene transfer and biodistribution characteristics. Formulations based on 1,2-di-O-octadecenyl-3-trimethylammonium propane (DOTMA) and novel biodegradable cationic lipids, such as ethyl dioleoyl phosphatidylcholine (EDOPC), ethyl palmitoyl myristyl phosphatidylcholine (EPMPC), myristyl myristoyl carnitine ester (MMCE), and oleyl oleoyl L-carnitine ester (DOLCE), were assessed for gene expression after tail vein injection of lipid/plasmid complexes in mice. Gene expression was influenced by cationic lipid structure, cationic lipid-to-colipid molar ratios, plasmid-to-lipid charge ratios, and precondensation liposome size. Detectable levels of human growth hormone (hGH) in serum, human factor IX (hFIX) in plasma, and chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) in the lung and liver were observed with positively charged lipid/plasmid complexes prepared from 400-nm extruded liposomes with a cationic lipid-to-colipid ratio of 4:1 (mol/mol). Intravenous administration of lipid/CAT plasmid complexes resulted in distribution of plasmid DNA mainly to the lung at 15 min after injection. Plasmid DNA accumulation in the liver increased with time up to 24 hr postinjection. There was a 10-fold decrease in the amount of plasmid DNA in the lung at 15 min after injection, when the lipid/plasmid complex charge ratio was decreased from 3:1 to 0.5:1 (+/-). Bright fluorescent aggregates were evident in in vivo-transfected lung with the positively charged pCMV-CAT/DOLCE:dioleyl phosphatidylethanolamine (DOPE) (1:1, mol/mol) complexes, while more discrete punctate fluorescence was observed with a 4:1 molar ratio of cationic lipid:colipid formulations. Preinjection of polyanions such as plasmid, dextran sulfate, polycytidic acid, and polyinosinic acid decreased hGH expression, whereas the preinjection of both positively charged and neutral liposomes had no effect on hGH serum levels. Of the cationic lipids tested, DOLCE was found to be the most effective potentially biodegradable cationic lipid. A correlation between gene expression and cationic lipid:colipid ratios and lipid-to-plasmid charge ratio was also observed for DOTMA- and DOLCE-based formulations.
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98
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Seela F, Wei C, Melenewski A, Leonard P. Parallel-stranded duplexes and quartet assemblies formed by oligonucleotides containing isoguanine. NUCLEIC ACIDS SYMPOSIUM SERIES 1998:149-50. [PMID: 9586043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Oligonucleotides with isoguanine-cytosine base pairs form duplexes with parallel chain orientation. This strong base pair dictates the strand polarity when additional dA-dT or N7Ad-dT pairs are present. The same is observed for the isocytosine-guanine pair. Quartet structures are built by the self-assembly of oligonucleotides containing short runs of isoguanine or 7-deazaisoguanine. New base pairs between isoguanine or guanine and 5-aza-7-deazaguanine are presented.
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Bretaudeau MM, Viard P, Leonard P, Mamoudy P, Ziza JM, Olivero de Rubiana JP. [Heterozygote beta-thalassemia: a contraindication for peroperative blood recovery?]. Presse Med 1996; 25:1563. [PMID: 8975236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
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100
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Bretaudeau MM, Ducroquet F, Desplaces N, Leonard P, Olivero de Rubiana JP. [Protected distal bronchial lavage: a rapid diagnostic method for fat embolism]. Presse Med 1996; 25:215. [PMID: 8729389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
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