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Lazos D, Pokhrel D, Su Z, Lu J, Williamson JF. TH-D-351-06: Comparison Between 2D Monte Carlo Modeled and Experimental Cone-Beam CT X-Ray Projections. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2962928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Su Z, Farukhi Y, Murphy M, Williamson J. SU-DD-A3-04: Analysis of Prostate Patient Setup Error and Organ Motion Error Using Calypso Setup Shift and Tracking Data. Med Phys 2008. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2961365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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203
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify the genes controlling body fat, we carried out a quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis using C57BL/6J (B6) and 129S1/SvImJ (129) mice, which differ in obesity susceptibility after consuming an atherogenic diet. METHODS Mice were fed chow until 8 weeks and an atherogenic diet from 8 to 16 weeks; body fatness was measured by X-ray absorptiometry in 528 (B6 x 129) F(2) at 8 and 16 weeks. A high-density genome scan was performed using 508 polymorphic markers. After identifying the genetic loci, we narrowed the QTL using comparative genomics and bioinformatics. RESULTS The percentage of body fat was significantly linked to loci on chromosomes (Chr) 1 (22, 68 and 173 Mb), 4 (74 Mb), 5 (73 Mb), 7 (88 Mb), 8 (43 and 80 Mb), 9 (55 Mb), 11 (115 Mb) and 12 (32 Mb); three suggestive loci on Chrs 6 (76 Mb), 9 (30 Mb) and 16 (26 Mb) and two pairs of interacting loci (Chr 2 at 99.8 Mb with Chr 7; Chr 1 at 68 Mb with Chr 11). Comparative genomics narrowed the QTL intervals by 20-57% depending on the chromosome; in most cases, haplotype analysis further narrowed them by about 90%. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis identified 15 QTL for percentage of body fat. We narrowed the QTL using comparative genomics and haplotype analysis and suggest several candidate genes: Apcs on Chr 1, Ppargc1a on Chr 5, Ucp1 on Chr 8, Angptl6 on Chr 9 and Lpin1 on Chr 12.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Su
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
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Liu Z, Li H, Liu J, Su Z. Effects of inoculation strategy and cultivation approach on the performance of microbial fuel cell using marine sediment as bio-matrix. J Appl Microbiol 2007; 104:1163-70. [PMID: 18005344 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03643.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the effects of inoculation strategy and cultivation approach on the performance of microbial fuel cell (MFC). METHODS AND RESULTS A dual-chamber sediment fuel cell was set up fed with glucose under batch condition. At day 30, the supernatant consortium was partly transferred and used as inoculum for the evaluation of cultivation approach. Power output gradually increased to 9.9 mW m(-2) over 180 days, corresponding to coulombic efficiency (CE) of 29.6%. Separated biofilms attached anode enabled power output and CE dramatically up to 100.9 mW m(-2) and over 50%, respectively, whereas the residual sediment catalysed MFC gave a poor performance. MFC catalysed by in situ supernatant consortium demonstrated more than twice higher power than MFC catalysed by the supernatant consortium after Fe(OH)(3) cultivation. However, the re-generation of biofilms from the latter largely enhanced the cell performance. CONCLUSIONS MFC exhibited a more efficient inducement of electroactive consortium than Fe(OH)(3) cultivation. MFC performance varied depending on different inoculation strategies. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This is the first time to study cultivation approach affecting electricity generation. In addition, anodic limitations of mass and electron transfer were discussed through MFC catalysed by sediment-based bio-matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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Wang J, Geng S, Su Z, Xu J, Xu S, Wang F, Mo X, Feng Z. Rearranged T-cell receptor gene and positive Epstein–Barr virus-encoded nuclear RNA in an extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma with cutaneous manifestation only: case study. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007; 32:744-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02465.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Hara W, Tran P, Su Z, Lin J, Norton J, Teng N, King C, Goffinet D, Kapp D. Intraoperative Radiation Therapy for Soft Tissue Sarcomas. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.2317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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207
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Getchell TV, Su Z, Getchell ML. Mucous domains: microchemical heterogeneity in the mucociliary complex of the olfactory epithelium. Ciba Found Symp 2007; 179:27-40; discussion 40-50. [PMID: 8168380 DOI: 10.1002/9780470514511.ch3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Access to and clearance of odorants from binding sites on olfactory cilia are regulated by a complex interplay of molecular, physical and cellular factors. These perireceptor events occur primarily in the mucociliary complex. The use of gold-labelled lectinoprobes, one from Limax flavus (LFA) which is specific for terminal sialic acid residues, and one from Datura stramonium (DSA) specific for N-acetylglucosamine residues, demonstrated intricate patterns of binding in mucous domains of the olfactory mucus and ectodomains of the glycocalyx of olfactory cilia. In electron micrographs of Lowicryl-embedded salamander olfactory mucosa, the mucus consisted of an electron-dense domain that lay superficial to an electron-lucent domain; the interface between the two was irregular. A significantly higher density of binding sites for both lectins was present in the superficial than in the deeper domain. The two domains were not homogeneous: there were small electron-lucent domains (hsL) within the superficial electron-dense domain (hsD) that bound a 4.8-fold lower density of gold-labelled DSA than the surrounding matrix, and the olfactory cilia, which project into hsD, were surrounded by an electron-lucent sheath that appeared to be continuous with the deeper domain. Ectodomains of the glycocalyx associated with olfactory cilia exhibited a higher density of binding sites for both LFA and DSA than did either microvilli of sustentacular cells or respiratory cilia. Specificity of the lectinoprobes was confirmed by inhibition of binding with specific sugars or enzymic removal of specific sugar residues. These results demonstrated microchemical heterogeneity of the non-homogeneous mucous domains in olfactory mucus and in the attendant glycocalyx of olfactory cilia based on the differential localization of sialic acid and N-acetylglucosamine sugar residues.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Getchell
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington 40536
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209
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Su Z, Dogan N, Wu Y, Stojadinovic S. SU-EE-A1-01: Dosimetric Comparisons of DMPO and Two-Step Approach Step-And-Shoot IMRT Plans. Med Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2760364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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210
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Hong
- Northeast Normal University, Jilin, China
- Jilin Agricultural University, Jilin, China
| | - Y. Chang
- Northeast Normal University, Jilin, China
| | - A. F. Jalbout
- University of Arizona, Tucson, USA
- National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Z. Su
- Northeast Normal University, Jilin, China
| | - R. Wang
- Northeast Normal University, Jilin, China
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211
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Zhu
- a Department of Chemistry , Institute of Functional Materials, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, Jilin, 130024, PR China
| | - Z. Su
- a Department of Chemistry , Institute of Functional Materials, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, Jilin, 130024, PR China
| | - Z. Mu
- a Department of Chemistry , Institute of Functional Materials, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, Jilin, 130024, PR China
| | - Y. Qiu
- a Department of Chemistry , Institute of Functional Materials, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, Jilin, 130024, PR China
| | - Y. Wang
- a Department of Chemistry , Institute of Functional Materials, Northeast Normal University , Changchun, Jilin, 130024, PR China
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213
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Kuebler HR, Dannull J, Tseng TY, Zhang A, Su Z, Dahm P, Vieweg J. Immature myeloid cell (ImC)- mediated immunosuppression in advanced renal cell cancer (RCC). J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.10042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
10042 Background: RCC affects the immunsystem by inhibiting the process of differentiation of antigen-resenting cells from their myeloid precursors by secreting tumor-derived factors such as VEGF. ImC induce a profound state of immune suppression that foster tumor tolerance by inhibition of tumor specific T cells. In this study, we asked whether increased ImC frequencies can be found in peripheral blood from RCC patients and if ImC frequencies correlated positively with increased levels of tumor-derived serum markers. Methods: ImC frequencies from healthy volunteers and RCC patients were determined by FACS. ImC were isolated by magnetic bead separation techniques and their immunosuppressive activity was determined in IFN-γ ELISPOT analyses, CTL and T-cell proliferation assays. The production of reactive oxygen species by ImC was analyzed utilizing specific probes and inhibitors. Tumor-derived serum markers were quantified by ELISA, enzyme immune assays and cytometric bead arrays. Microarray analyses were performed to identify novel, highly specific ImC markers. Results: RCC patients demonstrate higher ImC frequencies (0.8 - 3.2% of total PBMC) compared to healthy donors. The increased ImC frequencies are positively correlated with serum levels of VEGF, PGE-2, IL-13 and M-CSF in RCC patients and the concentration of byproducts of oxidative burst, including iso-prostane and malondialdehyde, was significantly enhanced. Isolated ImC exhibited profound immunosuppressive effects on CTL and CD4+ T cell response in an antigen specific fashion. Immunosuppression by ImC was mediated by release of ROS, including peroxide and superoxide anions and by generation of nitric oxide radicals as evidenced in functional assays. Results from microarray analyses reveal EP-1, EphA5, and PEX-5 as novel ImC markers. Conclusions: These data suggest that RCC may induce the development of immunosuppressive ImC population through secretion of cytokines such as VEGF, IL-13, M-CSF and PGE-2. Inhibition of specific cytokine activity or the use of differentiating agents may represent strategies to decrease immunosuppressive ImC population. Results from a phase I clinical trial investigating the effects of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on differentiation of ImC in RCC patients will be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - J. Dannull
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | | | - A. Zhang
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Z. Su
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - P. Dahm
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - J. Vieweg
- Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
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214
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Su Z, Jin H, Fox C, Li H, Lynch B, Yang C, Li J, Liu C, Palta J, Kim S. TH-E-224A-02: A Systematic Analysis of Patient Specific IMRT QA Data. Med Phys 2006. [DOI: 10.1118/1.2241951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Abstract
Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is a homolog of ACE, which is not blocked by ACE inhibitors. High amounts of ACE2 are present in the proximal tubule, and ACE2 catalyzes generation of angiotensin 1-7 (Ang-(1-7)) by this segment. Ang-(1-7) binds to a receptor distinct from the AT1 or AT2 Ang II receptor, identified as the mas receptor. We studied the effects of Ang-(1-7) on Ang II-mediated cell signaling pathways in proximal tubule. In primary cultures of rat proximal tubular cells, activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) was detected by immunoblotting, in the presence or absence of agonists/antagonists. Transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Ang II (5 min, 10(-7) M) stimulated phosphorylation of the three MAPK (p38, extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK 1/2), and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK)). While incubation of proximal tubular cells with Ang-(1-7) alone did not significantly affect MAPK phosphorylation, Ang-(1-7) (10(-7) M) completely inhibited Ang II-stimulated phosphorylation of p38, ERK 1/2, and JNK. This inhibitory effect was reversed by the Ang-(1-7) receptor antagonist, D-Ala7-Ang-(1-7). Ang II significantly increased production of TGF-beta1 in proximal tubular cells, an effect that was partly inhibited by Ang-(1-7). Ang-(1-7) had no significant effect on cyclic 3',5'-adenosine monophosphate production in these cells. In summary, Ang-(1-7) inhibits Ang II-stimulated MAPK phosphorylation in proximal tubular cells. Generation of Ang-(1-7) by proximal tubular ACE2 could thereby serve a protective role by counteracting the effects of locally generated Ang II.
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MESH Headings
- Angiotensin I/metabolism
- Angiotensin I/pharmacology
- Angiotensin II/pharmacology
- Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2
- Animals
- Blotting, Western
- Cells, Cultured
- Cyclic AMP/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/analysis
- JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/cytology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/enzymology
- Kidney Tubules, Proximal/metabolism
- Male
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/analysis
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3/metabolism
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/analysis
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/pharmacology
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/analysis
- Peptidyl-Dipeptidase A/physiology
- Phosphorylation/drug effects
- Proto-Oncogene Mas
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics
- Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Signal Transduction/physiology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/analysis
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/metabolism
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/analysis
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Su
- Division of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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216
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Lin L, Su Z, Lebedeva IV, Gupta P, Boukerche H, Rai T, Barber GN, Dent P, Sarkar D, Fisher PB. Activation of Ras/Raf protects cells from melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5-induced apoptosis. Cell Death Differ 2006; 13:1982-93. [PMID: 16575407 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4401899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Melanoma differentiation-associated gene-5 (mda-5) was the first molecule identified in nature whose encoded protein embodied the unique structural combination of an N-terminal caspase recruitment domain and a C-terminal DExD/H RNA helicase domain. As suggested by its structure, cumulative evidences documented that ectopic expression of mda-5 leads to growth inhibition and/or apoptosis in various cell lines. However, the signaling pathways involved in mda-5-mediated killing have not been elucidated. In this study, we utilized either genetically modified cloned rat embryo fibroblast cells overexpressing different functionally and structurally distinct oncogenes or human pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma cells containing mutant active ras to resolve the role of the Ras/Raf signaling pathway in mda-5-mediated growth inhibition/apoptosis induction. Rodent and human tumor cells containing constitutively activated Raf/Raf/MEK/ERK pathways were resistant to mda-5-induced killing and this protection was antagonized by intervening in this signal transduction cascade either by directly inhibiting ras activity using an antisense strategy or by targeting ras-downstream factors, such as MEK1/2, with the pharmacological inhibitor PD98059. The present findings provide a further example of potential cross-talk between growth-inhibitory and growth-promoting pathways in which the ultimate balance of these factors defines cellular homeostasis, leading to survival or induction of programmed cell death.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lin
- Department of Pathology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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217
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Liu P, Pu Q, Su Z. Online Separation and Preconcentration of Gold and Palladium on Amidinothiourea Immobilized Glass Bead for Interference-Free Flame Atom Absorption Spectrometry Determination. J Anal Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10809-005-0208-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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218
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Bradney C, Dannull J, Su Z, Zhang Z, Vieweg J. Reversal of immature myeloid cell-mediated immunosuppression. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.2563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Z. Su
- Duke Univ Medcl Ctr, Durham, NC
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219
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Zhao Q, Antonuk LE, El-Mohri Y, Du H, Li Y, Sawant A, Su Z, Wang Y, Yamamoto J. WE-D-I-6B-02: High DQE Megavoltage Imaging Using Active Matrix Flat-Panel Imagers Incorporating Polycrystalline Mercuric Iodide. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.1998538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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220
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El-Mohri Y, Antonuk LE, Zhao Q, Su Z, Yamamoto J, Du H, Sawant A, Li Y, Wang Y. TH-C-I-611-09: Development of Direct Detection Active Matrix Flat-Panel Imagers Employing Mercuric Iodide for Diagnostic Imaging. Med Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1118/1.1998644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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221
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Abstract
ABSTRACT Meta-analysis is a set of statistical procedures for synthesizing research results from a number of different studies. An estimate of a statistical effect, such as the difference in disease severity for plants with or without a management treatment, is collected from each study along with a measure of the variance of the estimate of the effect. Combining results from different studies will generally result in increased statistical power so that it is easier to detect small effects. Combining results from different studies may also make it possible to compare the size of the effect as a function of other predictor variables such as geographic region or pathogen species. We present a review of the basic methodology for meta-analysis. We also present an example of meta-analysis of the relationship between disease severity and yield loss for foliar wheat diseases, based on data collected from a decade of fungicide and nematicide test results.
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222
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Su Z, Vieweg JW, Dannull J, Dahm P. Vaccination of metastatic prostate cancer patients using mature dendritic cells transfected with mRNA encoding hTERT or an MHC class II targeted hTERT/LAMP fusion protein: Results from a phase I clinical trial. J Clin Oncol 2004. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2004.22.90140.2507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z. Su
- Duke University Medical Ctr, Durham, NC
| | | | | | - P. Dahm
- Duke University Medical Ctr, Durham, NC
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223
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Vieweg
- Duke University Medical Ctr, Durham, NC
| | - Z. Su
- Duke University Medical Ctr, Durham, NC
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224
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Chen X, Su Z, Dam P, Palenik B, Xu Y, Jiang T. Operon prediction by comparative genomics: an application to the Synechococcus sp. WH8102 genome. Nucleic Acids Res 2004; 32:2147-57. [PMID: 15096577 PMCID: PMC407844 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkh510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2003] [Revised: 01/30/2004] [Accepted: 03/08/2004] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a computational method for operon prediction based on a comparative genomics approach. A group of consecutive genes is considered as a candidate operon if both their gene sequences and functions are conserved across several phylogenetically related genomes. In addition, various supporting data for operons are also collected through the application of public domain computer programs, and used in our prediction method. These include the prediction of conserved gene functions, promoter motifs and terminators. An apparent advantage of our approach over other operon prediction methods is that it does not require many experimental data (such as gene expression data and pathway data) as input. This feature makes it applicable to many newly sequenced genomes that do not have extensive experimental information. In order to validate our prediction, we have tested the method on Escherichia coli K12, in which operon structures have been extensively studied, through a comparative analysis against Haemophilus influenzae Rd and Salmonella typhimurium LT2. Our method successfully predicted most of the 237 known operons. After this initial validation, we then applied the method to a newly sequenced and annotated microbial genome, Synechococcus sp. WH8102, through a comparative genome analysis with two other cyanobacterial genomes, Prochlorococcus marinus sp. MED4 and P.marinus sp. MIT9313. Our results are consistent with previously reported results and statistics on operons in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of California at Riverside, 900 University Avenue, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.
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225
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Shi J, Zhang S, Ma C, Liu X, Li T, Tang M, Han H, Guo Y, Zhao J, Zheng K, Kong X, Zhang K, Su Z, Zhao Z. Association between apolipoprotein CI HpaI polymorphism and sporadic Alzheimer's disease in Chinese. Acta Neurol Scand 2004; 109:140-5. [PMID: 14705977 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0404.2003.00193.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate into the relationship of apolipoprotein CI (ApoCI) polymorphism with sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD) in Chinese. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 257 AD patients and 242 age-matched elderly individuals were genotyped for the ApoCI HpaI and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) HhaI polymorphisms. RESULTS The ApoCI A allele was associated with AD of moderate to severe dementia when patients were divided into two subgroups according to Clinical Dementia Rating scale, and the AA genotype was strongly associated with moderate to severe AD in ApoE epsilon4 allele carriers [odds ratio (OR) = 8.19, 95% confidential interval: 1.28-52.30, after adjusting for age and gender by logistic regression analysis], although in total no significant differences of allele or genotype frequency between patients and controls were found. CONCLUSION The present study partially confirmed the previous findings, suggesting that the ApoCI A allele might contribute to the susceptibility to moderate to severe sporadic AD in Chinese.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shi
- Department of Medical Genetics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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226
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Abstract
We previously reported that 17beta-estradiol (betaE2) inhibits the rise in [Ca(2+)](i) and [Na(+)](i) during metabolic inhibition (MI) in mouse cardiomyocytes, but the mechanism has not yet been clarified. Estrogen has been reported to have anti-oxidant properties. We, therefore, have investigated whether interaction with the estrogen receptor (ER) is involved, or whether estrogen reduces free-radical-induced impairment of Na(+)-K(+) ATPase in cardiac myocytes, and whether this effect reduces [Ca(2+)](i) rise. Male mouse ventricular myocytes were studied. Flow cytometry was used with fluo-3 for [Ca(2+)](i) measurement. Dead cells were excluded from analysis by propidium iodide fluorescence. betaE2 reduced the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) during MI even in the presence of the ER blocker tamoxifen. A similar effect on [Ca(2+)](i) was produced by its non-estrogenic isomer, betaE2-estradiol. Other hormones (estrone and estriol) with a phenolic structure also inhibited Ca(2+) overload during MI, but testosterone without the structure did not. The betaE2 effect was attenuated by inhibition of Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (KB-R7943) or Na(+)-K(+) ATPase (low K(+) or ouabain), but not by block of L-type Ca(2+) channel (nifedipine). Tiron (4,5-dihydroxy-1,3-benzenedisulfonic acid), a superoxide scavenger, decreased the rise in [Ca(2+)](i) and abolished the betaE2 effect during MI. We conclude that the acute cardioprotective effect of estrogen during MI may be mediated by an ER-independent anti-oxidant action, which results in improved function of Na(+)-K(+) ATPase.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sugishita
- Division of Cardiology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 50 N Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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Liu X, Mao J, Chen X, Wang Z, Jin Y, Wu X, Li H, Zhang J, Zhu H, Su Z. The safety of Sino-implant -- 3-year clinical observation. Reprod Contracept 2002; 10:234-41. [PMID: 12349660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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228
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Li M, Su Z. Refolding human lysozyme produced as an inclusion body by urea concentration and pH gradient ion exchange chromatography. Chromatographia 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02490243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Su Z, Braun PJ, Klemp KF, Baker KR, Thames EH, Ortel TL. Abnormal optical waveform profiles in coagulation assays from patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2002; 13:7-17. [PMID: 11994562 DOI: 10.1097/00001721-200201000-00002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Transmittance waveforms are the optical data generated during clot formation on photo-optical coagulation analyzers and are used to define specific events of the clotting reactions. Thus, a prothrombin time (PT) or an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) can be divided into a pre-coagulation phase, a coagulation phase, and a post-coagulation phase. These phases are further characterized by parameters that define the timing, the rate, the 'slope', and the magnitude of the signal change of the reactions. We investigated the transmittance waveform parameters obtained during PT and aPTT of patients with antiphospholipid antibodies (APLA) who were or were not taking warfarin, normal donors, and non-APLA patients taking warfarin. An abnormal deflection in the pre-coagulation phase of the PT (called slope 1) was observed in 61.5% of the patients with APLA, in contrast to 5.9% of non-APLA patients taking warfarin (P= 0.0015). The presence of an abnormal PT slope 1 was reagent specific and was inversely correlated with the anticardiolipin antibody immunoglobulin G (IgG) level, which suggests that the abnormal PT slope 1 may reflect interactions between patient IgG and components from the thromboplastin, possibly phospholipids. The abnormal PT slope 1 values may be of diagnostic utility in the identification of patients with antiphospholipid syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Su
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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Li F, Sugishita K, Su Z, Ueda I, Barry WH. Activation of connexin-43 hemichannels can elevate [Ca(2+)]i and [Na(+)]i in rabbit ventricular myocytes during metabolic inhibition. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2001; 33:2145-55. [PMID: 11735261 DOI: 10.1006/jmcc.2001.1477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
ATP depletion due to ischemia or metabolic inhibition (MI) causes Na(+) and Ca(2+) accumulation in myocytes, which may be in part due to opening of connexin-43 hemichannels. Halothane (H) has been shown to reduce conductance of connexin-43 hemichannels and to protect the heart against ischemic injury. We therefore investigated the effect of halothane on [Ca(2+)]i and [Na(+)]i in myocytes during MI. Isolated rabbit left ventricular myocytes were loaded with 4 microM fluo-3 AM for 30 min, or with 5 microM sodium green AM for 60 min at 37 degrees C. After washing, the myocytes were exposed to: (1) Normal HEPES solution; (2) MI solution (2 mM NaCN, 20 mM 2-deoxy-D-glucose and 0-glucose); or (3) MI+H (0.95 mM, 4.7 mM) for 60 min. Propidium iodide (PI, 25 microM) was added to all samples before data acquisition. The fluorescence intensity was measured by flow cytometry with 488 nm excitation and 530 nm emission for fluo-3 or sodium green, and 670 nm for PI. The [Ca(2+)]i and [Na(+)]i were then calculated by calibration. In some experiments, the effect of 10 microM tetrodotoxin (TTX) and 20 microM nifedipine (NIF) were studied. Metabolic inhibition for 60 min caused a significant increase in [Ca(2+)]i and [Na(+)]i in myocytes when compared to controls, which was significantly reduced by halothane in a dose-dependent fashion. In the presence of TTX and NIF, halothane also significantly reduced the rise in the [Ca(2+)]i and [Na(+)]i in myocytes subjected to MI. 1-heptanol, another gap junction blocker, had similar effects. Thus, halothane reduced [Ca(2+)]i and [Na(+)]i overload produced by MI in myocytes. This effect is not solely due to block of voltage-gated Na(+) and Ca(2+) channels, and is likely mediated by inhibiting the opening of connexin-43 hemichannels.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Cardiology Division, University of Utah School of Medicine, 50 N Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
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231
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies from our laboratory have demonstrated that in vivo contractile function of rejecting mouse heterotopic abdominal heart allografts 5 days after transplantation is depressed to 40% of that of syngenic controls, and that this depression of function is prevented by the nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitor NG-monomethyl-l-arginine. However, the mechanisms of altered myocyte function caused by nitric oxide production in this setting are not established. METHODS We measured intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) transients (fluo-3, confocal microscopy), fractional shortening (video motion), and L-type Ca2+ currents (whole-cell patch clamp) 5 days after transplantation in ventricular myocytes freshly isolated from syngenic (Balb/C into Balb/C) and allogenic (Balb/C into C3H) transplants. RESULTS L-type Ca2+ currents, [Ca2+]i transient amplitudes, and fractional shortening did not differ between nonrejecting, syngenic and rejecting, allogenic transplants. Catecholamine responsiveness as analyzed by the change in the peak [Ca2+]i transient induced by 100 nM isoproterenol was also similar. Superfusion with l-arginine, an NOS substrate, caused decreased shortening with no change in [Ca2+]i transients in allogenic myocytes, but had no effect in syngenic myocytes. CONCLUSIONS Depressed contractile function of rejecting allogenic heart transplants in vivo appears to be caused in part by an NOS-dependent decrease in myofilament Ca2+ sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ritter
- Division of Cardiology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, 50 North Medical Drive, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
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232
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Hou Z, Xu Z, Su Z. Experiences and lessons about soft-tissue flaps covering of severe open tibial fracture. Chin J Traumatol 2001; 4:245-7. [PMID: 11835743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To sum up experiences and lessons ab out management of soft-tissue reconstruction in open tibial fracture over a 6-year period. METHODS Twenty-two flap reconstructions were performed to tre at soft-tissue defect of 22 patients with open tibial fracture Type IIIB (Gustilo) from 1993 to 1998. The cases were analyzed and discussed retrospectively aft er follow up of 12-61 months. RESULTS The size of the flap ranged from 6.6 cm(2) to 28.18 cm(2) and the rate of flap failure was 13.6%. Besides, 3 partial necrosis and 2 postoperative infections occurred in this series. CONCLUSIONS For soft tissue defect of delayed open tibial fracture Type IIIB, flap reconstruction is still an optimal option. The experiences we obtained are 1) to design a triangular skin extension or a small Z-plasty over the pedicle to reduce the flap tension; 2) to select a unilateral external fixation to provide convenience for any secondary manipulation; and 3) to use serial debridement to diminish flap failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Hou
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, First People's Hospital, Guangzhou 510180, China
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233
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Huang EY, Madireddi MT, Gopalkrishnan RV, Leszczyniecka M, Su Z, Lebedeva IV, Kang D, Jiang H, Lin JJ, Alexandre D, Chen Y, Vozhilla N, Mei MX, Christiansen KA, Sivo F, Goldstein NI, Mhashilkar AB, Chada S, Huberman E, Pestka S, Fisher PB. Genomic structure, chromosomal localization and expression profile of a novel melanoma differentiation associated (mda-7) gene with cancer specific growth suppressing and apoptosis inducing properties. Oncogene 2001; 20:7051-63. [PMID: 11704829 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1204897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2001] [Revised: 08/01/2001] [Accepted: 08/07/2001] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abnormalities in cellular differentiation are frequent occurrences in human cancers. Treatment of human melanoma cells with recombinant fibroblast interferon (IFN-beta) and the protein kinase C activator mezerein (MEZ) results in an irreversible loss in growth potential, suppression of tumorigenic properties and induction of terminal cell differentiation. Subtraction hybridization identified melanoma differentiation associated gene-7 (mda-7), as a gene induced during these physiological changes in human melanoma cells. Ectopic expression of mda-7 by means of a replication defective adenovirus results in growth suppression and induction of apoptosis in a broad spectrum of additional cancers, including melanoma, glioblastoma multiforme, osteosarcoma and carcinomas of the breast, cervix, colon, lung, nasopharynx and prostate. In contrast, no apparent harmful effects occur when mda-7 is expressed in normal epithelial or fibroblast cells. Human clones of mda-7 were isolated and its organization resolved in terms of intron/exon structure and chromosomal localization. Hu-mda-7 encompasses seven exons and six introns and encodes a protein with a predicted size of 23.8 kDa, consisting of 206 amino acids. Hu-mda-7 mRNA is stably expressed in the thymus, spleen and peripheral blood leukocytes. De novo mda-7 mRNA expression is also detected in human melanocytes and expression is inducible in cells of melanocyte/melanoma lineage and in certain normal and cancer cell types following treatment with a combination of IFN-beta plus MEZ. Mda-7 expression is also induced during megakaryocyte differentiation induced in human hematopoietic cells by treatment with TPA (12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate). In contrast, de novo expression of mda-7 is not detected nor is it inducible by IFN-beta+MEZ in a spectrum of additional normal and cancer cells. No correlation was observed between induction of mda-7 mRNA expression and growth suppression following treatment with IFN-beta+MEZ and induction of endogenous mda-7 mRNA by combination treatment did not result in significant intracellular MDA-7 protein. Radiation hybrid mapping assigned the mda-7 gene to human chromosome 1q, at 1q 32.2 to 1q41, an area containing a cluster of genes associated with the IL-10 family of cytokines. Mda-7 represents a differentiation, growth and apoptosis associated gene with potential utility for the gene-based therapy of diverse human cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/isolation & purification
- Apoptosis/genetics
- Base Sequence
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/genetics
- Cell Division/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 1/genetics
- Cloning, Molecular
- Dimethyl Sulfoxide/pharmacology
- Diterpenes
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/drug effects
- Genes
- Genes, Tumor Suppressor
- Glioblastoma/pathology
- Growth Substances/biosynthesis
- Growth Substances/genetics
- Growth Substances/isolation & purification
- HL-60 Cells/metabolism
- HL-60 Cells/pathology
- Humans
- Interferon Type I/pharmacology
- Interleukins
- K562 Cells/metabolism
- K562 Cells/pathology
- Male
- Melanocytes/metabolism
- Melanoma/chemistry
- Melanoma/genetics
- Melanoma/pathology
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Molecular Weight
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/isolation & purification
- Neoplasms/genetics
- Organ Specificity
- Osteosarcoma/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Recombinant Fusion Proteins/physiology
- Recombinant Proteins
- Terpenes/pharmacology
- Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate/pharmacology
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Huang
- Department of Urology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY 10032, USA
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234
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The Na(+)-Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) may contribute to Ca(2+) overload and injury in ischemic cardiomyocytes. Recently, NCX overexpression was reported to increase ischemia/reperfusion injury in male and oophorectomized female but not in female mice. We therefore measured the effects of gender and estrogen on [Ca(2+)](i) and [Na(+)](i) during metabolic inhibition (MI) in myocytes from wild-type (WT) and transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing NCX. METHODS AND RESULTS Flow cytometry was used with fluo 3 for [Ca(2+)](i) and sodium green for [Na(+)](i) measurements. Male TG mouse myocytes had higher [Ca(2+)](i) after 30 minutes of MI (1086+/-160 nmol/L, n=8) than male WT (688+/-104 nmol/L, n=9, P=0.01). The increase in [Ca(2+)](i) during MI induced by NCX overexpression in female myocytes was not significant, however (TG 552+/-62 nmol/L, n=9; WT 426+/-44 nmol/L, n=7). The magnitude of rise in [Ca(2+)](i) during MI was greater in male than female myocytes. KB-R7943, an NCX inhibitor, abolished the effect of NCX overexpression but did not totally eliminate the effect of gender on [Ca(2+)](i) during MI. NCX current density and basal Na(+) pump function were not influenced by gender. The rise in [Na(+)](i) during MI was greater in male than in female myocytes. Estrogen attenuated the increase in [Ca(2+)](i) and [Na(+)](i) in male myocytes during MI and abolished the gender difference in [Na(+)](i) during MI. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of NCX results in a more marked rise in [Ca(2+)](i) during MI in male than in female mouse myocytes. This gender difference appears to be mediated in part by an inhibitory effect of estrogen on the rise in [Na(+)](i), an NCX modifier, during MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sugishita
- Division of Cardiology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
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235
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Li X, Yang C, Su Z, Song Y. [The correlation of multidrug resistance phenotype with clinical response to chemotherapy in laryngeal cancer]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2001; 15:401-2, 404. [PMID: 12541888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The correlation of multidrug resistance(MDR) phenotype with clinical response to chemotherapy was investigated in patients with laryngeal cancer. METHOD Tumor specimens prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy from 36 cases of laryngeal cancer were collected for detection of P-glycoprotein (P-gp) with anti-Pgp monoclonal antibodies (JSB-I). Immunohistochemical assays were used for P-gp detection on 5 microns thick frozen section. Anti-Pgp monoclonal antibodies(JSB-I) as primary antibodies and goat anti-mouse IgG monoclonal antibodies as second antibodies were applied. All patients received preoperative induction chemotherapy with a regimen of cisplatin, 5-fluorouracil and pingyangmycin. Evaluation for tumor response was scored as follows: Response to chemotherapy was graded as good for complete response or partial response; as poor for stable disease or progressive disease. RESULT Of the 36 pretreatment specimens, 12(33.3%) were P-gp positive and 24 (66.7%) were P-gp negative. Among the 12 patients with P-gp positive, 3(25%) had a good response and 9(75%) had a poor response. Of the 24 patients with P-gp negative, 21(87.5%) had a good response and 3(12.5%) had a poor response (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These preliminary data suggest that a significant correlation between MDR phenotype, Pgp-mediated and chemotherapy resistance existed.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Department of Otolaryngology, Baoan People's Hospital, Shenzhen 518101
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236
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Zhang Y, Li W, Su Z. [Trends in the pharmaceutical research of ribonucleases and their therapeutic uses]. Sheng Wu Yi Xue Gong Cheng Xue Za Zhi 2001; 18:456-60. [PMID: 11605516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
As one of the most popular model enzymes, the structure and evolution of ribonucleases (RNases) have been studied thoroughly. But until recently, scientists found out that RNases demonstrated a series of important biological functions, such as controlling blood vessel formation, killing tumor cells and inhibiting virus. Now immunotoxin, the antibody-toxin conjugate, becomes a research hot spot. RNases with cytotoxicity are the candidates for the toxin moiety of the immunotoxins. In this paper, the newly found cytotoxic functions of RNases are discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080
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237
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Abstract
Muscle LIM protein (MLP) may serve as a scaffold protein on the actin-based cytoskeleton, and mice deficient in this protein (MLPKO) have been recently reported to develop dilated cardiomyopathy. To determine the causes of depressed contractility in this model, we measured intracellular Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) transients (fluo 3), cell shortening, L-type Ca2+ channel current ( I Ca,L), Na/Ca exchanger current ( I Na/Ca), and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca content in left ventricular MLPKO myocytes. I Ca,L-voltage relationships, I Na/Ca density, and membrane capacitance did not differ between wild-type (WT) and MLPKO myocytes. The peak systolic [Ca2+]i was significantly increased in MLPKO myocytes (603 ± 54 vs. 349 ± 18 nM in WT myocytes). The decline of [Ca2+]i transients was accelerated in MLPKO myocytes, and SR Ca2+ content was increased by 21%, indicating that SR Ca2+-ATPase function is normal or enhanced in MLPKO myocytes. Confocal imaging of actin filaments stained with tetramethylrhodamine isothiocyanate-labeled phalloidin showed disorganization of myofibrils and abnormal alignment of Z bands, and fractional shortening was significantly diminished in MLPKO myocytes compared with that in WT myocytes at comparable peak [Ca2+]i. Thus a reduced [Ca2+]-induced shortening may be involved in the pathogenesis of myocardial dysfunction in this genetic model of heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Su
- Division of Cardiology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
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238
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Abstract
Protein refolding is still a bottleneck for large-scale production of valuable proteins expressed as inclusion bodies in Escherichia coli. Usually biologically active proteins cannot be obtained with high yield at a high concentration after refolding. In order to meet the challenge of protein refolding a urea gradient gel filtration-refolding system was developed in this article. A Superdex 75 column was pre-equilibrated with a linear decreased urea gradient, the denatured protein experienced the gradual decrease in urea concentration as it went through the column. The refolding of denatured lysozyme showed this method could significantly increase the activity recovery of denatured lysozyme at high protein concentration. The activity recovery of 90% was obtained from the initial protein concentration up to 17 mg/ml within 40 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Institute of Chemical Metallurgy, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing.
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239
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Su Z, Csutora P, Hunton D, Shoemaker RL, Marchase RB, Blalock JE. A store-operated nonselective cation channel in lymphocytes is activated directly by Ca(2+) influx factor and diacylglycerol. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2001; 280:C1284-92. [PMID: 11287342 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.2001.280.5.c1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Agonist-receptor interactions at the plasma membrane often lead to activation of store-operated channels (SOCs) in the plasma membrane, allowing for sustained Ca(2+) influx. While Ca(2+) influx is important for many biological processes, little is known about the types of SOCs, the nature of the depletion signal, or how the SOCs are activated. We recently showed that in addition to the Ca(2+) release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channel, both Jurkat T cells and human peripheral blood mononuclear cells express novel store-operated nonselective cation channels that we termed Ca(2+) release-activated nonselective cation (CRANC) channels. Here we demonstrate that activation of both CRAC and CRANC channels is accelerated by a soluble Ca(2+) influx factor (CIF). In addition, CRANC channels in inside-out plasma membrane patches are directly activated upon exposure of their cytoplasmic side to highly purified CIF preparations. Furthermore, CRANC channels are also directly activated by diacylglycerol. These results strongly suggest that the Ca(2+) store-depletion signal is a diffusible molecule and that at least some SOCs may have dual activation mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Su
- Departments of Physiology and Biophysics, Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama 35294, USA
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240
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Simm M, Su Z, Huang EY, Chen Y, Jiang H, Volsky DJ, Fisher PB. Cloning of differentially expressed genes in an HIV-1 resistant T cell clone by rapid subtraction hybridization, RaSH. Gene 2001; 269:93-101. [PMID: 11376941 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-1119(01)00456-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
An HIV-1 resistant T cell clone R1c2 has been generated that carries mutant, latent HIV-1 in a minority of the cell population. Resistant cells express HIV-1 receptors CD4 and CXCR4 and display resistance to infection by wild type (wt) HIV-1 at the level of virus transcription. To begin to define the repertoire of genes modulated in R1c2 cells that correlate with and potentially control expression of the HIV-1 resistance phenotype we have employed a rapid subtraction hybridization (RaSH) technique. For this approach, cDNA libraries were prepared from double-stranded cDNAs that were enzymatically digested into small fragments, ligated to adapters, PCR amplified followed by incubation of tester and driver PCR fragments. The RaSH scheme resulted in the cloning of genes displaying differential expression between HIV-1 resistant (R1c2) and susceptible (SupT1) cells, including known genes and those not described in current DNA databases. Analysis of the pattern of expression of the differentially expressed genes documented eleven genes with enhanced (HR clones) and six genes with reduced (HS clones) expression in HIV-1 resistant versus HIV-1 susceptible T-cell clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Simm
- Molecular Virology Laboratory, St. Luke's-Roosevelt Hospital Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10019, USA
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241
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Su Z, Shi Y, Friedman R, Qiao L, McKinstry R, Hinman D, Dent P, Fisher PB. PEA3 sites within the progression elevated gene-3 (PEG-3) promoter and mitogen-activated protein kinase contribute to differential PEG-3 expression in Ha-ras and v-raf oncogene transformed rat embryo cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2001; 29:1661-71. [PMID: 11292838 PMCID: PMC31320 DOI: 10.1093/nar/29.8.1661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2001] [Revised: 02/19/2001] [Accepted: 03/01/2001] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transformation of normal cloned rat embryo fibroblast (CREF) cells with cellular oncogenes results in acquisition of anchorage-independent growth and oncogenic potential in nude mice. These cellular changes correlate with an induction in the expression of a cancer progression-promoting gene, progression elevated gene-3 (PEG-3). To define the mechanism of activation of PEG-3 as a function of transformation by the Ha-ras and v-raf oncogenes, evaluations of the signaling and transcriptional regulation of the approximately 2.0 kb promoter region of the PEG-3 gene, PEG-Prom, was undertaken. The full-length and various mutated regions of the PEG-Prom were linked to a luciferase reporter construct and tested for promoter activity in CREF and oncogene-transformed CREF cells. An analysis was also performed using CREF cells doubly transformed with Ha-ras and the Ha-ras specific suppressor gene Krev-1, which inhibits the transformed phenotype in vitro. These assays document an association between expression of the transcription regulator PEA3 and PEG-3. The levels of PEA3 and PEG-3 RNA and proteins are elevated in the oncogenically transformed CREF cells, and reduced in transformation and tumorigenic suppressed Ha-ras/Krev-1 doubly transformed CREF cells. Enhanced tumorigenic behavior, PEG-3 promoter function and PEG-3 expression in Ha-ras transformed cells were all dependent upon increased activity within the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays and DNase I footprinting experiments indicate that PEA3 binds to sites within the PEG-Prom in transformed rodent cells in an area adjacent to the TATA box in a MAPK-dependent fashion. These findings demonstrate an association between Ha-ras and v-raf transformation of CREF cells with elevated PEA3 and PEG-3 expression, and they implicate MAPK signaling via PEA3 as a signaling cascade involved in activation of the PEG-Prom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Su
- Department of Urology, Department of Pathology and Department of Neurosurgery, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, 630 West 168th Street, New York, NY 10032, USA
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242
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Su Z, Kiehart DP. Protein kinase C phosphorylates nonmuscle myosin-II heavy chain from Drosophila but regulation of myosin function by this enzyme is not required for viability in flies. Biochemistry 2001; 40:3606-14. [PMID: 11297427 DOI: 10.1021/bi010082j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Conventional myosins (myosin-IIs) generate forces for cell shape change and cell motility. Myosin heavy chain phosphorylation regulates myosin function in simple eukaryotes and may also be important in metazoans. To investigate this regulation in a complex eukaryote, we purified the Drosophila myosin-II tail expressed in Escherichia coli and showed that it was phosphorylated in vitro by protein kinase C(PKC) at serines 1936 and 1944, which are located in the nonhelical globular tail piece. These sites are close to a conserved serine that is phosphorylated in vertebrate, nonmuscle myosin-IIs. If the two serines are mutagenized to alanine or aspartic acid, phosphorylation no longer occurs. Using a 341 amino acid tail fragment, we show that there is no difference in the salt-dependent assembly of wild-type phosphorylated and mutagenized polypeptides. Thus, the nonmuscle myosin heavy chain in Drosophila, which is encoded by the zipper gene, appears to be similar to rabbit nonmuscle myosin-IIA. In vivo, we generated transgenic flies that expressed the various myosin heavy chain variants in a zipper null or near-null genetic background. Like their wild-type counterparts, such variants are able to completely rescue the lethal phenotype due to severe zipper mutations. These results suggest that while the myosin-II heavy chain can be phosphorylated by PKC, regulation by this enzyme is not required for viability in Drosophila. Conservation during 530-1000 million years of evolution suggests that regulation by heavy chain phosphorylation may contribute to nonmuscle myosin-II function in some real, but minor, way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Su
- Developmental, Cell and Molecular Biology Group, Department of Biology, Duke University Medical Center, and University Programs in Genetics and Cellular and Molecular Biology, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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243
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Crawford JM, Su Z, Varlamova O, Bresnick AR, Kiehart DP. Role of myosin-II phosphorylation in V12Cdc42-mediated disruption of Drosophila cellularization. Eur J Cell Biol 2001; 80:240-4. [PMID: 11322388 DOI: 10.1078/0171-9335-00156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Microinjection of constitutively active Cdc42 (V12Cdc42) disrupts the actomyosin cytoskeleton during cellularization (Crawford et al., Dev. Biol., 204, 151-164 (1998)). The p21-activated kinase (PAK) family of Ser/Thr kinases are effectors of GTP-bound forms of the small GTPases, Cdc42 and Rac. Drosophila PAK, which colocalizes with actin and myosin-II during cellularization, concentrates at sites of V12Cdc42-induced actomyosin disruption. In vitro biochemical analyses demonstrate that PAK phosphorylates the regulatory light chain (RLC) of Drosophila nonmuscle myosin-II on Ser21, a site known to activate myosin-II function. Although activated PAK does not disrupt the actomyosin cytoskeleton, it induces increased levels of Ser21 phosphorylated RLC. These findings suggest that increased levels of RLC phosphorylation do not contribute to disruption of the actomyosin hexagonal array.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Crawford
- Department of Cell Biology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27708-1000, USA
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Su Z, Sugishita K, Ritter M, Li F, Spitzer KW, Barry WH. The sodium pump modulates the influence of I(Na) on [Ca2+]i transients in mouse ventricular myocytes. Biophys J 2001; 80:1230-7. [PMID: 11222287 PMCID: PMC1301318 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(01)76099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate whether activity of the sarcolemmal Na pump modulates the influence of sodium current on excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling, we measured [Ca(2+)](i) transients (fluo-3) in single voltage-clamped mouse ventricular myocytes ([Na+](pip) = 15 or 0 mM) when the Na pump was activated (4.4 mM K(+)(o)) and during abrupt inhibition of the pump by exposure to 0 K with a rapid solution-switcher device. After induction of steady state [Ca2+](i) transients by conditioning voltage pulses (0.25 Hz), inhibition of the Na pump for 1.5 s immediately before and continuing during a voltage pulse (200 ms, -80 to 0 mV) caused a significant increase (15 +/- 2%; n = 16; p < 0.01) in peak systolic [Ca2+](i) when [Na+](pip) was 15 mM. In the absence of sodium current (I(Na), which was blocked by 60 microM tetrodotoxin (TTX)), inhibition of the Na pump immediately before and during a voltage pulse did not result in an increase in peak systolic [Ca2+](i). Abrupt blockade of I(Na) during a single test pulse with TTX caused a slight decrease in peak [Ca2+](i), whether the pump was active (9%) or inhibited (10%). With the reverse-mode Na/Ca exchange inhibited by KB-R 7943, inhibition of the Na pump failed to increase the magnitude of the peak systolic [Ca2+](i) (4 +/- 1%; p = NS) when [Na+](pip) was 15 mM. When [Na+](pip) was 0 mM, the amplitude of the peak systolic [Ca2+](i) was not altered by abrupt inhibition of the Na pump immediately before and during a voltage pulse. These findings in adult mouse ventricular myocytes indicate the Na pump can modulate the influence of I(Na) on E-C coupling in a single beat and provide additional evidence for the existence of Na fuzzy space, where [Na+] can significantly modulate Ca2+ influx via reverse Na/Ca exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Su
- Cardiology Division, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah 84132, USA
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Su Z, Peluso MV, Raffegerst SH, Schendel DJ, Roskrow MA. The generation of LMP2a-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes for the treatment of patients with Epstein-Barr virus-positive Hodgkin disease. Eur J Immunol 2001; 31:947-58. [PMID: 11241300 DOI: 10.1002/1521-4141(200103)31:3<947::aid-immu947>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Based upon the success of using polyclonal, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-specific CTL lines for the prophylaxis and treatment of patients with post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease (PTLPD), there is now considerable incentive to develop CTL directed against the sub-dominant EBV antigens EBNA1, LMP1 and LMP2, which are expressed by the tumor cells of Hodgkin disease and nasopharyngeal carcinoma. To develop a system for generating LMP2a-specific CTL in vitro, we transfected autologous immature dendritic cells (DC), which had been grown in the absence of serum, with LMP2a RNA in the presence of the cationic lipid DOTAP. This transfection method did not adversely affect the DC in terms of immunophenotyping and they expressed high levels of HLA class I and II and critical costimulatory molecules. These LMP2a(+) DC, as compared to DC which had been transfected with irrelevant RNA, were shown to be highly immunostimulatory in autologous mixed lymphocyte reactions and, importantly, could stimulate the generation of CD8(+) and CD4(+) CTL which exclusively recognized LMP2a-expressing targets. This specific cytotoxicity was confirmed using antibody blocking experiments and cytotoxicity assays of the separated T cell subsets. Using this DC-based system we could also reactivate LMP2a-specific memory in EBV-seropositive donors whose polyclonal CTL response to LCL stimulation did not contain a LMP2a-specific component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Su
- Klinische Kooperationsgruppe Hämatopoetische Zelltransplantation, Medizinische Klinik III, Klinikum Grosshadern, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
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246
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Abstract
A new program to characterize polyethylene glycol-modified (PEGylated) proteins is outlined using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE). PEGylated ribonuclease A and lysozyme were selected as examples. Five separation procedures were compared to select out the mixed buffer of acetonitrile-water (1:1, v/v) at pH 2.5 as the best to characterize the PEGylated proteins without sample pretreatment. Polyethylene oxide (PEO) with a high molecular mass of 8 x 10(6) was applied to rinse the capillary to form a dynamic coating which would decrease the undesirable proteins adsorbed to the inner wall of the silica. The electroosmotic flow (EOF) mobility of the five procedures was determined, respectively. It is found that acetonitrile is mainly responsible for the good resolution of PEGylated proteins with the help of PEO coating in the semi-aqueous system. The low EOF mobility and current in the semi-aqueous system might also have some responsibility for the high resolution. The semi-aqueous procedure described in this paper also demonstrates higher resolution of natural proteins than aqueous ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biochemical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing
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Guo Y, Su Z, Yang W, Jiang S. [Isolation of outer hair cells from varying turns of the guinea-pig cochlea]. Lin Chuang Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2001; 15:26-7. [PMID: 12541880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To probe the method of isolating outer hair cells (OHC) from each of four turns of the guinea-pig cochlea. METHOD From eight guinea pigs the organ of Corti from each of four turns of the cochlea were dissected, and then treated using enzyme. RESULT A fair amount of living OHCs from each of four turns were obtained. The length of OHCs from each of four turns were 23.81, 34.50, 60.48 and 71.37 microns. CONCLUSION The key to success in isolating OHCs from each of four turns of the cochlea is to know very well the anatomical characteristics of each of four turns of the cochlea and be operated in accordance with normal rules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Guo
- Institute of Otolaryngology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100853
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Abstract
This review focuses on the role of interleukin (IL)-12, a proinflammatory cytokine with pleiotropic effects as a potent immunoregulatory molecule and hematopoietic growth factor, in infection with Plasmodium parasites, the causative agents of malaria. IL-12 has been demonstrated to have profound effects on the immune response to blood-stage malaria, to induce protection, and to alleviate malarial anemia. In combination with an anti-malarial drug, IL-12 is effective in an established malaria infection. This cytokine also has potent immune effects as a malaria vaccine adjuvant. However, IL-12 can also mediate pathology during blood-stage malaria.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Stevenson
- Centre for the Study of Host Resistance, McGill University and The Montreal General Hospital Research Institute, 1650 Cedar Avenue, Quebec H3G 1A4, Montreal, Canada.
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Wang F, Su Z, Wang L. [Effects of nitric oxide on ciliary beat frequency in the human nasal mucosa]. Zhonghua Er Bi Yan Hou Ke Za Zhi 2000; 35:432-4. [PMID: 12768753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of nitric oxide on ciliary beat frequency in human nasal mucosa. METHOD A primary culture model of human nasal mucosa epithelial cells was established and the effect of nitric oxide on ciliary beat frequency was observed by videomicroscopy method. The data were statistically analyzed using t-test. RESULT L-arginine significantly increased ciliary beat frequency from (400 +/- 48) beats/min to (793 +/- 68) beats/min (n = 9, P < 0.001), D-arginine had no similar effect, while NOS blocker L-NAME inhibited the effect of L-arginine. CONCLUSION Cells cultured by our method could synthesize NOS that made L-arginine produce NO that could increase ciliary beat frequency in the human nasal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wang
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, General Hospital of PLA, Beijing 100853, China.
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Zhou J, Yang D, Zhang L, Wang J, Yao Q, Su Z, Fan Y. [Study on the relationship of alteration and expression of p16 gene to pancreatic carcinoma]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Yi Chuan Xue Za Zhi 2000; 17:399-403. [PMID: 11110976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To directly investigate the effect of genetic alteration(homozygous deletion and point mutation) and expression of p16 gene on pancreatic carcinomas. METHODS Thirty-five cases were analyzed for genetic alteration and expression of p16 gene by polymerase chain reaction(PCR), single strand conformation polymorphism(SSCP), DNA sequencing and immunohistochemical method. RESULTS The analysis of pancreatic carcinoma for p16 gene revealed alteration in 19 of 35 cases, among which 12 pancreatic carcinomas had 522 bp homozygous deletion at least and 7 cases had two point mutations at the same site. One of them is 126th codon GTC --> AAT (Val126Asn); the other is 127th codon GCA --> GCG (A127A). The 3D (three-dimensional) structure of P16 protein determined by computer techniques according to PDB indicated that Val126Asn influenced the space structure of P16 protein and affected the function of P16 protein. Twelve cases revealed no P16 protein and 9 cases showed low level expression of P16 protein. CONCLUSION The alteration of p16 gene and abnormal expression of P16 protein are significantly correlated with the biological behavior and clinical staging of pancreatic carcinoma and may hence be helpful to prognostication
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhou
- Department of Bile-pancreatic Surgery, the Genetic Centre, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Railway Medical College, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210009 P.R. China.
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