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Ito T, Tanegashima K, Tanaka Y, Hashimoto H, Murata M, Oda Y, Kaku-Ito Y. Trop2 Expression in Extramammary Paget's Disease and Normal Skin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22147706. [PMID: 34299325 PMCID: PMC8304908 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22147706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Extramammary Paget's disease (EMPD) is a rare skin cancer arising in the apocrine gland-rich areas. Most EMPD tumors are dormant, but metastatic lesions are associated with poor outcomes owing to the lack of effective systemic therapies. Trophoblast cell surface antigen 2 (Trop2), a surface glycoprotein, has drawn attention as a potential therapeutic target for solid tumors. Sacituzumab govitecan, an antibody-drug conjugate of Trop2, has recently entered clinical use for the treatment of various solid cancers. However, little is known about the role of Trop2 in EMPD. In this study, we immunohistochemically examined Trop2 expression in 116 EMPD tissue samples and 10 normal skin tissues. In normal skin, Trop2 was expressed in the epidermal keratinocytes, inner root sheaths, and infundibulum/isthmus epithelium of hair follicles, eccrine/apocrine glands, and sebaceous glands. Most EMPD tissues exhibited homogeneous and strong Trop2 expression, and high Trop2 expression was significantly associated with worse disease-free survival (p = 0.0343). These results suggest the potential use of Trop2-targeted therapy for EMPD and improve our understanding of the skin-related adverse effects of current Trop2-targeted therapies such as sacituzumab govitecan.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized/pharmacology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/metabolism
- Apocrine Glands/metabolism
- Biomarkers, Tumor
- Camptothecin/analogs & derivatives
- Camptothecin/pharmacology
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/biosynthesis
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/genetics
- Cell Adhesion Molecules/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression/genetics
- Gene Expression Regulation/genetics
- Hair Follicle/metabolism
- Humans
- Immunoconjugates/pharmacology
- Keratinocytes/metabolism
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Paget Disease, Extramammary/drug therapy
- Paget Disease, Extramammary/genetics
- Paget Disease, Extramammary/metabolism
- Paget Disease, Extramammary/pathology
- Sebaceous Glands/metabolism
- Skin/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Skin Neoplasms/genetics
- Skin Neoplasms/metabolism
- Skin Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Takamichi Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (M.M.); (Y.K.-I.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-92-642-5585
| | - Keiko Tanegashima
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (M.M.); (Y.K.-I.)
| | - Yuka Tanaka
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (M.M.); (Y.K.-I.)
| | - Hiroki Hashimoto
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (M.M.); (Y.K.-I.)
| | - Maho Murata
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (M.M.); (Y.K.-I.)
| | - Yoshinao Oda
- Department of Anatomic Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan;
| | - Yumiko Kaku-Ito
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan; (K.T.); (Y.T.); (H.H.); (M.M.); (Y.K.-I.)
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2
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Haebe S, Shree T, Sathe A, Day G, Czerwinski DK, Grimes SM, Lee H, Binkley MS, Long SR, Martin B, Ji HP, Levy R. Single-cell analysis can define distinct evolution of tumor sites in follicular lymphoma. Blood 2021; 137:2869-2880. [PMID: 33728464 PMCID: PMC8160505 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020009855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor heterogeneity complicates biomarker development and fosters drug resistance in solid malignancies. In lymphoma, our knowledge of site-to-site heterogeneity and its clinical implications is still limited. Here, we profiled 2 nodal, synchronously acquired tumor samples from 10 patients with follicular lymphoma (FL) using single-cell RNA, B-cell receptor (BCR) and T-cell receptor sequencing, and flow cytometry. By following the rapidly mutating tumor immunoglobulin genes, we discovered that BCR subclones were shared between the 2 tumor sites in some patients, but in many patients, the disease had evolved separately with limited tumor cell migration between the sites. Patients exhibiting divergent BCR evolution also exhibited divergent tumor gene-expression and cell-surface protein profiles. While the overall composition of the tumor microenvironment did not differ significantly between sites, we did detect a specific correlation between site-to-site tumor heterogeneity and T follicular helper (Tfh) cell abundance. We further observed enrichment of particular ligand-receptor pairs between tumor and Tfh cells, including CD40 and CD40LG, and a significant correlation between tumor CD40 expression and Tfh proliferation. Our study may explain discordant responses to systemic therapies, underscores the difficulty of capturing a patient's disease with a single biopsy, and furthers our understanding of tumor-immune networks in FL.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Biopsy, Fine-Needle
- CD40 Antigens/biosynthesis
- CD40 Antigens/genetics
- CD40 Ligand/biosynthesis
- CD40 Ligand/genetics
- Clonal Evolution/genetics
- DNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Light Chain
- Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte
- Humans
- Lymph Nodes/chemistry
- Lymph Nodes/ultrastructure
- Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating/immunology
- Lymphoma, Follicular/chemistry
- Lymphoma, Follicular/genetics
- Lymphoma, Follicular/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/biosynthesis
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Phylogeny
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
- Single-Cell Analysis
- T Follicular Helper Cells/immunology
- T Follicular Helper Cells/metabolism
- Transcriptome
- Tumor Microenvironment
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Haebe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Tanaya Shree
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Anuja Sathe
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | - Grady Day
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | | | | | - HoJoon Lee
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
| | | | - Steven R Long
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Brock Martin
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Hanlee P Ji
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
- Stanford Genome Technology Center
| | - Ronald Levy
- Division of Oncology, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine
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3
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Yamada K, Masuda K, Ida S, Tada H, Bando M, Abe K, Tatematsu KI, Sezutsu H, Oyama T, Chikamatsu K, Takeda S. In vitro assessment of antitumor immune responses using tumor antigen proteins produced by transgenic silkworms. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2021; 32:58. [PMID: 33999320 PMCID: PMC8128804 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-021-06526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The evaluation of antitumor immune responses is essential for immune monitoring to predict clinical outcomes as well as treatment efficacies in cancer patients. In this study, we produced two tumor antigen (TA) proteins, melanoma antigen family A4 and wild type p53, using TG silkworm systems and evaluated anti-TA-specific immune responses by enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assays in patients with head and neck cancer. Eleven (61.1%) of 18 patients showed significant IFN-γ production in response to at least one TA; however, the presence of TA-specific immune responses did not significantly contribute to better prognosis (overall survival, p = 0.1768; progression-free survival, p = 0.4507). Further studies will need to be performed on a larger scale to better assess the clinical significance of these systems. The production of multiple TA proteins may provide new avenues for the development of immunotherapeutic strategies to stimulate a potent and specific immune response against tumor cells as well as precise assessment of antitumor immune responses in cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Yamada
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kei Masuda
- Department of Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Shota Ida
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroe Tada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Minori Bando
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Kanako Abe
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan
| | - Ken-Ichiro Tatematsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Hideki Sezutsu
- Transgenic Silkworm Research Unit, Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8634, Japan
| | - Tetsunari Oyama
- Department of Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Chikamatsu
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
| | - Shigeki Takeda
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Division of Molecular Science, Gunma University, Kiryu, Gunma, 376-8515, Japan.
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4
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Zhao Y, Aldoss I, Qu C, Crawford JC, Gu Z, Allen EK, Zamora AE, Alexander TB, Wang J, Goto H, Imamura T, Akahane K, Marcucci G, Stein AS, Bhatia R, Thomas PG, Forman SJ, Mullighan CG, Roberts KG. Tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic determinants of response to blinatumomab in adults with B-ALL. Blood 2021; 137:471-484. [PMID: 32881995 PMCID: PMC7845009 DOI: 10.1182/blood.2020006287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Blinatumomab, a bispecific antibody that directs CD3+ T cells to CD19+ tumor cells, shows variable efficacy in B-progenitor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). To determine tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic determinants of response, we studied 44 adults with relapsed or refractory B-ALL (including 2 minimal residual disease positive) treated with blinatumomab using bulk tumor and single-cell sequencing. The overall response rate in patients with hematological disease was 55%, with a high response rate in those with CRLF2-rearranged Philadelphia chromosome-like ALL (12 [75%] of 16). Pretreatment samples of responders exhibited a tumor-intrinsic transcriptomic signature of heightened immune response. Multiple mechanisms resulted in loss of CD19 expression, including CD19 mutations, CD19-mutant allele-specific expression, low CD19 RNA expression, and mutations in CD19 signaling complex member CD81. Patients with low hypodiploid ALL were prone to CD19- relapse resulting from aneuploidy-mediated loss of the nonmutated CD19 allele. Increased expression of a CD19 isoform with intraexonic splicing of exon 2, CD19 ex2part, at baseline or during therapy was associated with treatment failure. These analyses demonstrate both tumor-intrinsic and -extrinsic factors influence blinatumomab response. We show that CD19 mutations are commonly detected in CD19- relapse during blinatumomab treatment. Identification of the CD19 ex2part splice variant represents a new biomarker predictive of blinatumomab therapy failure.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Aneuploidy
- Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Bispecific/therapeutic use
- Antigens, CD19/biosynthesis
- Antigens, CD19/genetics
- Antigens, CD19/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Neoplasm/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/immunology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/pharmacology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Immunological/therapeutic use
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic/drug effects
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/physiology
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutation
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/drug therapy
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/genetics
- Protein Isoforms/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Isoforms/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- RNA, Neoplasm/genetics
- Recurrence
- Retrospective Studies
- Salvage Therapy
- Sequence Alignment
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Single-Cell Analysis
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/drug effects
- T-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaqi Zhao
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ibrahim Aldoss
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Chunxu Qu
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Zhaohui Gu
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Emma K Allen
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Anthony E Zamora
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | | | - Jeremy Wang
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC
| | - Hiroaki Goto
- Division of Hemato-Oncology/Regenerative Medicine, Kanagawa Children's Medical Center, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Imamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Koshi Akahane
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Yamanashi, Chuo, Japan; and
| | - Guido Marcucci
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Anthony S Stein
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | - Ravi Bhatia
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Paul G Thomas
- Department of Immunology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Stephen J Forman
- Department of Hematology and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA
| | | | - Kathryn G Roberts
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
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5
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Raghavan SS, Wang JY, Toland A, Bangs CD, Rieger KE, Novoa RA, Charville GW, Brown RA. Diffuse PRAME expression is highly specific for malignant melanoma in the distinction from clear cell sarcoma. J Cutan Pathol 2020; 47:1226-1228. [PMID: 32681554 DOI: 10.1111/cup.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shyam S Raghavan
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Y Wang
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Angus Toland
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Charles D Bangs
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kerri E Rieger
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Roberto A Novoa
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Gregory W Charville
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ryanne A Brown
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
- Department of Pathology, Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California, USA
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6
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Logozzi M, Mizzoni D, Capasso C, Del Prete S, Di Raimo R, Falchi M, Angelini DF, Sciarra A, Maggi M, Supuran CT, Fais S. Plasmatic exosomes from prostate cancer patients show increased carbonic anhydrase IX expression and activity and low pH. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2020; 35:280-288. [PMID: 31790614 PMCID: PMC6896418 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2019.1697249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Acidity, hypoxia and increased release of exosomes are severe phenotypes of tumours. The regulation of pH in tumours involves the interaction of several proteins, including the carbonic anhydrases which catalyze the formation of bicarbonate and protons from carbon dioxide and water. Among CA isoforms, CA IX is over-expressed in a large number of solid tumours, conferring to cancer cells a survival advantage in hypoxic and acidic microenvironment, but there isn't evidence that CA IX expression could have a real clinical impact. Therefore, in this study for the first time the expression and activity of CA IX have been investigated in the plasmatic exosomes obtained from patients with prostate carcinoma (PCa). For this purpose, the study was performed through different methodological approaches, such as NTA, western blot analysis, enzyme activity assay, Nanoscale flow cytometry, ELISA, confocal microscopy. The results showed that PCa exosomes significantly overexpressed CA IX levels and related activity as compared to healthy donors. Furthermore, CA IX expression and activity were correlated to the exosome intraluminal pH, demonstrating for the first time that PCa exosomes are acidic. Our data suggest the possible use of the exosomal CA IX expression and activity as a biomarker of cancer progression in PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariantonia Logozzi
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Davide Mizzoni
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Clemente Capasso
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Naples, Italy
| | - Sonia Del Prete
- National Research Council, Institute of Biosciences and BioResources, Naples, Italy
| | - Rossella Di Raimo
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Falchi
- National AIDS Center, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Alessandro Sciarra
- Department of Urology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Maggi
- Department of Urology, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- NEUROFARBA Department, University of Florence, Section of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Florence, Italy
| | - Stefano Fais
- Department of Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
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7
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Myoteri D, Dellaportas D, Gklavas A, Theodosopoulos T, Vassiliou I, Kondi-Pafiti A, Konstantoulakis MM, Contis J. Receptor-Binding Cancer Antigen Expression in Thyroid Neoplasms: A Retrospective Study. Chirurgia (Bucur) 2020; 115:441-447. [PMID: 32876017 DOI: 10.21614/chirurgia.115.4.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Background: Receptor-binding cancer antigen (RCAS1) is a membrane protein, regarded as a tumor-associated antigen. Cancer cells evade immune response with RCAS1 up-regulation, inducing apoptosis to tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Thyroid cancer incidence is rising and its accurate diagnosis in early stage is targeted. The aim of this study is to access RCAS1 expression in benign and malignant thyroid pathology. Methods: This is a retrospective study of 110 patients, who had thyroidectomy in a single tertiary referral centre between January 2008 until December 2014. Immunohistochemistry study for RCAS1 expression was carried out and correlation with clinical and histopathological data is attempted. Results: RCAS1 immunostaining was found positive in 81 out of 110 cases. Notably it was deemed positive in all malignant thyroid tissue samples (p 0.001). In thyroid malignancy, tumor size, thyroid capsule invasion and positive lymph nodes status were positively correlated with moderate and strong expression of RCAS1. For papillary thyroid carcinoma, the vast majority (35/37 cases, 94.6%) were also classified as having moderate or strong RCAS1 expression. Conclusions: RCAS1 expression can aid in differential diagnosis between benign and malignant thyroid pathology, while its strong expression correlates with worse oncological features.
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8
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Tian R, Ke C, Rao L, Lau J, Chen X. Multimodal stratified imaging of nanovaccines in lymph nodes for improving cancer immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 161-162:145-160. [PMID: 32827558 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Vaccines hold enormous potential in cancer immunotherapy by stimulating the body's immune response; unfortunately, the clinical response rates of cancer vaccines are less than 30%. Nanovaccines show the potential to enhance the treatment efficacy of conventional vaccines due to their unique properties, such as efficient co-delivery of cocktail to the secondary lymphatic system, high tumor accumulation and penetration, and customizable delivery of antigens and adjuvants. Meanwhile, the non-invasive visualization of vaccines after their delivery can yield information about in vivo distribution and performance, and aid in their subsequent optimization and translational studies. In this review, we summarize the strategies for the spatiotemporal visualization of nanovaccines in lymph nodes, including whole-body in vivo imaging, intravital organ/cell imaging, and ex vivo tissue/cell imaging. The application of imaging modalities in nanovaccine development is discussed. Moreover, strategies to achieve different combinations of imaging modalities are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
| | - Chaomin Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, Center for Molecular Imaging and Translational Medicine School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China
| | - Lang Rao
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Joseph Lau
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine (LOMIN), National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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9
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Tio D, Willemsen M, Krebbers G, Kasiem FR, Hoekzema R, van Doorn R, Bekkenk MW, Luiten RM. Differential Expression of Cancer Testis Antigens on Lentigo Maligna and Lentigo Maligna Melanoma. Am J Dermatopathol 2020; 42:625-627. [PMID: 32701706 DOI: 10.1097/dad.0000000000001607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The cancer/testis antigens (CTA) are a group of antigens expressed on germ cells of healthy testis and malignant tumors. We studied whether CTA are present on lentigo maligna (LM) and LM melanoma (LMM) samples. Immunohistochemical expression of a panel of CTA (MAGE-A1, A2- A3, NY-ESO-1, PRAME, SSX-2, and a MAGE-A antibody reactive with -A1, -A2, -A3, -A4, -A6, -A10, and -A12) was investigated in formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples from LMM (n = 20), LM (n = 8), chronically sun-exposed skin (n = 7), and healthy skin (n = 7). In 4 LMM lesions, the MAGE-A marker was positive. Another 3 LMM lesions were positive for MAGE-A1, MAGE-A2, and MAGE-A3. PRAME was positive in 18/20 LMM and 6/8 LM. We did not find expression of MAGE, NY-ESO-1, or SSX-2 in LM, thereby excluding these CTA as diagnostic markers to discern malignant melanocytes in LM from normal melanocytes. LMM did express MAGE, NY-ESO-1, and SSX-2. If a biopsy from a lesion suspect for LM shows positivity for MAGE, NY-ESO-1, and SSX-2, the lesion may actually be LMM. In contrast, PRAME expression was found in LM at low levels and in LMM at much higher levels, and absent in normal melanocytes. PRAME can potentially be used to discern normal melanocytes from malignant melanocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darryl Tio
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Marcella Willemsen
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Gabrielle Krebbers
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Fazira R Kasiem
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Rick Hoekzema
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel W Bekkenk
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Rosalie M Luiten
- Department of Dermatology, Netherlands Institute for Pigment Disorders, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam Infection & Immunity Institute, Cancer Center Amsterdam, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; and
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Ren Y, Lv Q, Yue W, Liu B, Zou Z. The programmed cell death protein-1/programmed cell death ligand 1 expression, CD3+ T cell infiltration, NY-ESO-1 expression, and microsatellite instability phenotype in primary cutaneous melanoma and mucosal melanoma and their clinical significance and prognostic value: a study of 89 consecutive cases. Melanoma Res 2020; 30:85-101. [PMID: 31095042 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the expression of programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1), and NY-ESO-1 antigen; the infiltration of CD3+ T cells; and the microsatellite instability (MSI) phenotype, as well as the relationship of each factor to survival in malignant melanoma patients. Malignant melanoma samples from 89 patients were stained by immunohistochemistry to evaluate PD-1, PD-L1, CD3+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs), NY-ESO-1, and MSI. PD-1 and PD-L1 were expressed in 19.1 and 32.6% of the 89 samples, respectively. There was a significant correlation between PD-1 and PD-L1 expression (r = 0.207, P = 0.046). High infiltration of CD3+ T cells was observed in 41.6% of the samples, and increased cell infiltration was associated with increased PD-1 expression (P = 0.001). NY-ESO-1 antigen was detected in 13.5% of all samples, and the expression of NY-ESO-1 was positively correlated with the expression of PD-1 (P < 0.001). In our research, MSI was detected in 18 samples (20.2%). Survival analysis showed that a high infiltration of CD3+ T cells was related to longer progression-free survival (PFS) [24.0 months, 95% confidence interval (CI): 7.4-40.6 vs. 11.0 months, 95% CI: 7.1-12.9, P = 0.031], similarly, the median overall survival (OS) of the CD3+ T cell high-infiltration patients was also longer (53.0 vs. 38.0 months), but with no statistical significance (P = 0.200). The results for the immune markers mentioned above provide a theoretical basis for the prognosis and immunotherapy selection of malignant melanoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Ren
- Department of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Qing Lv
- Yi Xing Tumor Hospital, Yixing, China
| | - Wuheng Yue
- Department of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing
| | - Baorui Liu
- Department of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
| | - Zhengyun Zou
- Department of the Comprehensive Cancer Center, Drum Tower Hospital, the Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School
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Wu HT, Chen WJ, Xu Y, Shen JX, Chen WT, Liu J. The Tumor Suppressive Roles and Prognostic Values of STEAP Family Members in Breast Cancer. Biomed Res Int 2020; 2020:9578484. [PMID: 32802887 PMCID: PMC7421016 DOI: 10.1155/2020/9578484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression patterns and prognostic values of STEAP family members in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS The Human Protein Atlas was used to analyze the expression level of STEAPs in human normal tissues and malignant tumors. ONCOMINE datasets were analyzed for the comparison of the STEAPs levels between malignant cancers and corresponding normal tissues. Kaplan-Meier plotter was used to analyze the prognostic value of STEAPs in breast cancer patients. RESULTS STEAPs were widely distributed in human normal tissues with diverse levels. Normally, it is predicted that STEAP1 and STEAP2 were involved in the mineral absorption process, while STEAP3 participated in the TP53 signaling pathway and iron apoptosis. The results from ONCOMINE showed downregulation of STEAP1, STEAP2, and STEAP4 in breast cancers. Survival analysis revealed that breast cancer patients with high levels of STEAP1, STEAP2, and STEAP4 had a good prognosis, while those with low expression had high overall mortality. CONCLUSION STEAP1, STEAP2, and STEAP4 are predicted to be the potential prognostic biomarkers for breast cancer patients, providing novel therapeutic strategies for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Tao Wu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wen-Jia Chen
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Ya Xu
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jia-Xin Shen
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Wen-Tian Chen
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
| | - Jing Liu
- Changjiang Scholar's Laboratory/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
- Department of Physiology/Cancer Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou 515041, China
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12
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Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) participate in transcription and in epigenetic or post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression. They also have roles in epithelial to mesenchymal transition and in carcinogenesis. Because lncRNAs may also have a role in thyroid cancer progression, we examined a group of thyroid tumors which included papillary thyroid carcinomas and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas to determine the specific lncRNAs that were upregulated during thyroid tumor progression. An RT2 Profiler PCR Array Human Cancer Pathway Finder consisting of 84 lncRNAs (Qiagen) and fresh tissues of normal thyroid, PTCs, and ATCs with gene expression profiling was used to determine genes upregulated and downregulated in ATCs. Two of the most highly upregulated genes, prostate cancer antigen 3 (PCA3) and HOX antisense intergenic RNA myeloid 1 (HOTAIRM1 or HAM-1), were selected for further studies using a thyroid tissue microarray(TMA) with formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissues of normal thyroid (NT, n = 10), nodular goiters (NG, n = 10), follicular adenoma (FA, n = 32), follicular carcinoma (FCA, n = 28), papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC, n = 28), follicular variant of papillary thyroid carcinoma (FVPTC, n = 28), and anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC, n = 10). TMA sections were analyzed by in situ hybridization (ISH) using RNAscope technology. The results of ISH analyses were imaged with Vectra imaging technology and quantified with Nuance® and inForm® software. The TMA analysis was validated by qRT-PCR using FFPE tissues for RNA preparation. Cultured thyroid carcinoma cell lines (n = 7) were also used to analyze for lncRNAs by qRT-PCR. The results showed 11 lncRNAs upregulated and 7 downregulated lncRNAs more than twofold in the ATCS compared with PTCs. Two of the upregulated lncRNAs, PCA3 and HAM-1, were analyzed on a thyroid carcinoma TMA. There was increased expression of both lncRNAs in ATCs and PTCs compared with NT after TMA analysis. qRT-PCR analyses showed increased expression of both lncRNAs in ATCs compared with NT and PTCs. Analyses of these lncRNAs from cultured thyroid carcinoma cell lines by qRT-PCR showed the highest levels of lncRNA expression in ATCs. TGF-β treatment of cultured PTC and ATC cells for 21 days led to increased expression of PCA3 lncRNA in both cell lines by day 14. These results show that the lncRNAs PCA3 and HAM-1 are upregulated during thyroid tumor development and progression and may function as oncogenes during tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanping Wang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Heather Hardin
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Ying-Hsia Chu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Karla Esbona
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Ranran Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Ricardo V Lloyd
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, 53792, USA.
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Abstract
Endosialin, alternatively named tumor endothelial marker 1 (TEM1) or CD248, is a bulk transmembrane glycoprotein expressed both in developing and adult tissues undergoing active physiological or pathological angiogenesis. Endosialin is often overexpressed in tumors, particularly in stromal cells and in vessels-covering pericytes, and its transcription is induced by hypoxia via HIF-2 transcription factor. Based on the expression pattern, molecular characteristics and phenotypes of genetic models, endosialin has been proposed to function as a receptor implicated in sprouting angiogenesis, vasculogenesis and/or pruning of vessels. Here we provide an overview of the recent knowledge linking endosialin to diverse aspects of angiogenesis. Based on data-mining, our experimental data and available literature, we suggest that endosialin cross-talks with both pro- and anti-angiogenic signals and ECM components, and participates in dynamic vascular remodeling, which facilitates tumor growth. Tumor-selective targeting of endosialin may therefore contribute to improvement of existing anti-angiogenic therapies.
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Yang L, Yang Z, Li D, Liu Z, Zou Q, Yuan Y, Xu H. Overexpression of FZD1 and CAIX are Associated with Invasion, Metastasis, and Poor-Prognosis of the Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 24:899-906. [PMID: 28921449 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0284-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 80% of patients with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) have metastatic disease with poor prognosis, but clinically available biomarkers have not yet been identified. This study was to investigate the clinical significance of FZD1 and CAIX in PDACs. FZD1 and CAIX protein expression was measured using EnVision immunohistochemistry. Positive FZD1 or CAIX expression was significantly higher in PDAC than that in precursor lesions (p < 0.01). Positive FZD1 or CAIX expression was significantly lower in cases with well-differentiated adenocarcinoma, no-metastasis of the lymph node, no-invasion of regional tissues, and TNM I/II stage disease than in cases with poorly-differentiated adenocarcinoma, metastasis and invasion, and TNM stage III+ IV stage disease (p < 0.05 or p < 0.01). The expression of FZD1 positively correlated with CAIX in PDAC (P = 0.000). Univariate Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that FZD1 and/or CAIX expression (p < 0.001) was significantly associated with shorter overall survival (p < 0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that differentiation, tumor mass, lymph node metastasis, invasion, TNM stage, FZD1 and CAIX levels negatively correlated with overall survival. Positive FZD1 and CAIX expressions are poor prognostic factors in PDAC patients. FZD1 and CAIX might be important biological markers for the carcinogenesis, metastasis, invasion, and prognosis of PDAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangliang Yang
- Public Health College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China
| | - Zhulin Yang
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Daiqiang Li
- Department of Pathology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Ziru Liu
- Research Laboratory of Hepatobiliary Diseases, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Qiong Zou
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yuan Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Huilan Xu
- Public Health College, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, 410078, China.
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Pérez MÁ, Gandolfo MS, Masquijo Bisio P, Paparella ML, Itoiz ME. Different expression patterns of carbonic anhydrase IX in oral lichen planus and leukoplakia. Acta Odontol Latinoam 2018; 31:77-81. [PMID: 30383070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tumor hypoxia is an important indicator of cancer prognosis. Among the different genes that are upregulated by hypoxia is carbonic anhydrase IX, which combines carbon dioxide and water to form bicarbonate and hydrogen. Although expression of this enzyme is very low in normal tissues, carbonic anhydrase IX is overexpressed in several types of cancer. The aim of the present work was to analyze carbonic anhydrase IX expression in the two most frequent potentially malignant oral disorders: oral lichen planus and oral leukoplakia. Immunohistochemical analysis of oral lichen planus and oral leukoplakia biopsies was performed using anticarbonic anhydrase IX antibody. Samples of normal mucosa served as controls. Statistical analysis was performed by Fischer's exact test. The enzyme was detected in the epithelium of both lesions. The staining was more intense in the basal layer and decreased towards the surface in oral lichen planus. Conversely, the most intense reaction was observed in the superficial layers in leukoplakia, and staining intensity decreased towards the basal membrane. No carbonic anhydrase IX expression was seen in normal mucosa samples. Carbon anhydrase IX expression in lichen and leukoplakia epithelia shows that hypoxia plays a role in the pathogenesis of both lesions. The different distribution patterns provides further evidence of the different biological behavior of these two entities, which under certain circumstances can have similar clinical and histological features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Ángel Pérez
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica, Argentina.
| | - Mariana Silvia Gandolfo
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Clínica Estomatológica, Argentina
| | - Patricia Masquijo Bisio
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica, Argentina
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Clínica Estomatológica, Argentina
| | - María Luisa Paparella
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica, Argentina
| | - María Elina Itoiz
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Odontología, Cátedra de Anatomía Patológica, Argentina
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Kim JY, Lee SH, An S, Kim SJ, Sung YN, Song KB, Hwang DW, Kim SC, Hong SM. Carbonic anhydrase 9 expression in well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms might be associated with aggressive behavior and poor survival. Virchows Arch 2018; 472:739-748. [PMID: 29666945 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2353-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms/tumors (PanNETs) are rare neoplasms with diverse clinical behavior. Biomarker discovery is important for predicting clinical course and prognosis of PanNET patients. Carbonic anhydrase 9 (CA9) and vimentin are hypoxia and epithelial-mesenchymal transition-related proteins of which expression in many carcinomas has been associated with poor prognosis, but their significance in PanNET has yet to be determined. We assessed CA9 and vimentin expression in 164 PanNETs and compared this with clinicopathologic characteristics. CA9 expression was observed in normal islets, while neuroendocrine microadenomas and small (< 1 cm) PanNETs showed loss of CA9 expression. CA9 and vimentin expression was observed in 38 (23%) and 36 (22%) of PanNETs, respectively. CA9 expression was associated with larger size (p = 0.001), higher grade (p < 0.001), higher pT category (p < 0.001), lymph node (p = 0.003) and distant (p = 0.047) metastases, higher AJCC stage (p < 0.001), and lymphovascular (p < 0.001) and perineural (p = 0.002) invasion. PanNET patients with CA9 expression had a shorter recurrence-free survival (5-year survival rate 47%) than those without CA9 expression (76%) by univariate (p = 0.001) but not multivariate analysis. Vimentin expression correlated with CA9 expression (p < 0.001) but not with other clinicopathologic factors. In conclusion, CA9 expression was observed in normal islets, while neuroendocrine microadenomas and small (< 1 cm) PanNETs showed CA9 expression loss. CA9 expression gradually reappeared in larger PanNETs, and this was associated with clinical progression and decreased patient survival by univariate but not multivariate analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joo Young Kim
- Department of Pathology, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - Soyeon An
- Department of Pathology, Incheon St. Mary's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Sung Joo Kim
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - You-Na Sung
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Ki-Byung Song
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Wook Hwang
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Song Cheol Kim
- Department of Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Mo Hong
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
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17
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Zombori T, Cserni G. Immunohistochemical Analysis of the Expression of Breast Markers in Basal-like Breast Carcinomas Defined as Triple Negative Cancers Expressing Keratin 5. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 24:259-267. [PMID: 28470571 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-017-0246-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen and progesterone receptors are possible markers for suggesting a mammary origin of metastatic carcinoma, but are useless in cases of triple negative breast cancers (TNBC). Five other potential markers of breast origin were investigated on tissue microarrays in a series of TNBCs showing keratin 5 expression, consistent with a basal-like phenotype. GATA-3 staining was observed in 82 of 115 triple negative cases (71.3%) including 23 cases with >5% staining. Mammaglobin staining was detected in 30 cases (26.0%) including 12 with >5% staining. GCDFP-15 was seen in 23 cases (20.0%) including 9 with >5% staining. NY-BR-1 positivity was present in 7 cases (6.0%) including 3 patients with >5% staining. BCA-225 staining was observed in 74 cases (64.3%); however this latter marker lacks also specificity owing to the reported widespread staining in other malignancies. GATA-3, mammaglobin and GCDFP-15 coexpression was seen in one case (0.9%), whereas GATA-3 and mammaglobin or mammaglobin and GCDFP-15 coexpression was present in 2 and 2 cases (1.7%), respectively. Using at least 5% staining as cut-off, the expression of any of the last 4 markers was 34.7%. The expression of GATA-3, mammaglobin, GCDFP-15 and NY-BR-1 is lower in TNBC-s than in breast carcinomas in general, and this may be even lower in basal-like carcinomas. Although these markers are not fully specific, by using them, a subset of basal-like TNBC-s can be identified as of mammary origin. However, a substantial proportion will not show any staining with any of these markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamás Zombori
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Állomás u. 1, Szeged, 6725, Hungary.
| | - Gábor Cserni
- Department of Pathology, University of Szeged, Faculty of Medicine, Állomás u. 1, Szeged, 6725, Hungary
- Department of Pathology, Bács-Kiskun County Teaching Hospital, Kecskemét, Hungary
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Rivoltini L, Cattoretti G, Arienti F, Mastroianni A, Parmiani G. CEA and NCA Expressed by Colon Carcinoma Cells Affect their Interaction with and Lysability by Activated Lymphocytes. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 7:143-7. [PMID: 1431336 DOI: 10.1177/172460089200700304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Heterogeneous lysability by interleukin-2 activated lymphocytes (LAK) and other immune effectors was observed in the human colon-carcinoma lines LoVo/Dx, LoVo/H and HT29. The tumor cells with high susceptibility to LAK (LoVo/Dx, HT29) expressed higher amounts of the adhesion molecules ICAMl, LFA3 and NCA/CEA than cells with low LAK sensitivity (LoVo/H). Monoclonal antibodies against these molecules caused a marked reduction of lysis by LAK of LoVo/Dx and HT29. A pool of these antibodies induced a nearly complete inhibition of the LAK lysis of both lines. Treatment of LoVo/Dx with differentiating agents (dimethylformamide and retinoic acid) led to a decreased expression of the adhesion molecules, including NCA, accompanied by increased resistance to LAK-mediated lysis. Moreover, the presence of CEA soluble antigen drastically inhibited the cytotoxic activity of LAK effectors against HT29 and LoVo/Dx cells, in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that sensitivity of colon-carcinoma cells to activated lymphocytes depends on the level of expression of adhesion molecules, including CEA and NCA. Given the role of CEA-related antigens in tumor/lymphocyte interaction, soluble CEA, frequently released by colon-carcinoma, may be involved in immunosuppressive effects induced in vivo by tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Rivoltini
- Division of Experimental Oncology D, Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milan, Italy
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Biserni GB, Di Oto E, Moskovszky LE, Foschini MP, Varga Z. Preferential expression of NY-BR-1 and GATA-3 in male breast cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2018; 144:199-204. [PMID: 29116378 PMCID: PMC5794829 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2542-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Male breast cancer is an uncommon disease often discovered in advanced stage; thus, in the setting of metastatic adenocarcinoma, breast origin must be taken to account. Breast markers as NY-BR-1, GATA-3, mammaglobin, and BRST-2 are established tools for labelling primary and metastatic female breast cancer; however, none of them has been sufficiently studied in male breast cancer. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of these markers in male breast cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty consecutive cases of male breast cancer and eight loco-regional metastases were re-revaluated, assembled in tissue micro array (TMA), and stained with immunohistochemistry (IHC) for NY-BR-1, GATA-3, mammaglobin, and BRST-2. The IHC stains were scored either positive or negative. In addition, concordant expression patterns of primary tumors and matched metastasis were noted. RESULTS 30 of 30 (100%) primary tumors and 8 of 8 (100%) metastases were positive for NY-BR-1. 30 of 30 (100%) primary tumors and 6 of 8 (75%) metastases were positive for GATA-3. 22 of 30 (73.3%) primary tumors and 6 of 8 (75%) metastases were positive for Mammaglobin. 18 of 30 (60%) primary tumors and 5 of 8 (62.5%) metastases were positive for BRST-2. Differences in staining percentage were not significant with Fisher's exact test. CONCLUSION We found a high sensitivity for all the markers analyzed. Moreover, the expression of NY-BR-1 and GATA-3 seemed the most effective for labelling male breast cancer in primary and metastatic setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Battista Biserni
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology "M. Malpighi", Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, at Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Enrico Di Oto
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology "M. Malpighi", Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, at Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Linda Eszter Moskovszky
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maria Pia Foschini
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology "M. Malpighi", Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, at Bellaria Hospital, Bologna, Italy
| | - Zsuzsanna Varga
- Department of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Schmelzbergstrasse 12, 8091, Zurich, Switzerland.
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Ruibal A, Nuñez MI, Rodríguez J, Jiménez L, del Rio MC, Zapatero J. Cytosolic Levels of Neuron-Specific Enolase in Squamous Cell Carcinomas of the Lung. Int J Biol Markers 2018; 18:188-94. [PMID: 14535589 DOI: 10.1177/172460080301800306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
To study the behavior and possible correlations of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) with other clinicobiological parameters, we measured the cytosolic levels of this marker by means of an immunoradiometric assay (IRMA) in 95 squamous cell lung carcinoma samples. We also analyzed the levels of pS2, tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA), hyaluronic acid (HA), free beta subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG), CYFRA 21.1 and CA 125 in cytosol. On the cell surface we analyzed the concentrations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), HA, erbB-2 oncoprotein, CD44s, CD44v5 and CD44v6. Other parameters considered were clinical stage, lymph node involvement, histological grade (HG), ploidy and the cellular S-phase fraction measured by flow cytometry on nuclei obtained from fresh tissues. In the 95 squamous cell carcinomas the cytosolic levels of NSE varied from 4.5 to 2235 ng/mg protein (median: 267) and were significantly higher (p<0.001) than those observed in 38 samples of normal pulmonary tissue obtained from the same patients (range: 56–657; median: 141.5). When classifying tumors according to the different parameters analyzed, we observed that the levels of NSE were higher in aneuploid than in diploid cases (p=0.046) and in those that were HG3 than in those that were HG2 (p<0.001). Tumors with high NSE levels (>422 ng/mg protein; 75th percentile) were more likely to have high S-phase values (p=0.012) and were more frequently aneuploid (p=0.038) and HG3 (p<0.001) than those with low levels of NSE (<180 ng/mg protein; 25th percentile). These results lead us to the following conclusions: 1) the cytosolic concentrations of NSE are significantly higher in squamous cell carcinomas than in healthy pulmonary tissue, and 2) the cytosolic concentrations of NSE are not correlated with clinical stage or nodal involvement. However, in our study higher levels of the enzyme were statistically correlated with aneuploidy, histological grade 3 and S-phase. This may explain its association with poorer outcome and progression, but also the more favorable response of tumors with elevated NSE to chemotherapy, as suggested by other groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ruibal
- Nuclear Medicine Service, University Hospital, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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Wang R, Yu Z, Chen F, Liao C, Wang Q, Huang X. Overexpression of ARID4B predicts poor survival in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. Hum Pathol 2017; 73:114-121. [PMID: 29288040 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2017.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AT-rich interaction domain 4B (ARID4B), which belongs to the ARID family, is heavily involved in cell growth and differentiation and is closely associated with many types of tumors. However, the role of this protein in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unknown. In this study, we used data from The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus to analyze ARID4B expression in HCC. We subjected 15 pairs of fresh-frozen tissue samples to quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting analyses to investigate ARID4B expression. We also subjected 157 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded HCC tissue samples to immunohistochemical analysis to detect ARID4B expression and to determine the clinical significance of ARID4B expression in HCC. The bioinformatics analysis, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and Western blotting results showed that ARID4B was highly expressed in HCC tissues compared with adjacent normal liver tissues. High ARID4B expression was strongly correlated with tumor number (P = .02), vascular invasion (P = .004), Edmondson-Steiner grades (P = .000), and tumor-node-metastasis stages (P = .001). Moreover, Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional-hazards analyses indicated that high ARID4B expression was significantly associated with poor survival in patients with HCC and that ARID4B was an independent prognostic factor for overall survival and disease-free survival in patients with HCC. In conclusion, our results suggest that ARID4B acts as an oncogene in HCC and can therefore serve as a biomarker for the prognoses of patients with HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rongchang Wang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Zheng Yu
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Fan Chen
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China
| | - Chunlian Liao
- Anesthesia Operation Department, Jiangxi Provincial People Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xiaohui Huang
- General Surgical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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Qi W, Shao F, Huang Q. Expression of Coiled-Coil Domain Containing 34 (CCDC34) and its Prognostic Significance in Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2017; 23:6012-6018. [PMID: 29257799 PMCID: PMC5745713 DOI: 10.12659/msm.907951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coiled-coil domain containing 34 (CCDC34) promotes cell proliferation and invasive properties in human cancer. The aim of this study was to compare the expression of CCDC34 in pancreatic adenocarcinoma with normal pancreatic tissue, and to evaluate the prognostic significance of CCDC34 expression in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, using bioinformatics. MATERIAL AND METHODS The expression and prognostic value of CCDC34 were initially predicted using Oncomine and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. Pancreatic adenocarcinoma tissue samples (N=90) and matched normal pancreatic tissues (N=90) were studied using immunohistochemistry to measure CCDC34 protein expression levels. Univariate Kaplan-Meier, and multivariate Cox analysis were used to determine the prognostic role of CCDC34 expression. RESULTS Oncomine and TCGA databases predicted that CCDC34 mRNA expression levels were significantly increased in pancreatic adenocarcinoma compared with normal pancreatic tissues (P<0.05), and that patients with increased CCDC34 mRNA expression levels had significantly lower overall survival (OS) (P=0.031). Immunohistochemistry showed that expression levels of CCDC34 protein in pancreatic adenocarcinoma were significantly increased, compared with normal pancreas (P=0.000). Patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma with increased expression of tissue CCDC34 had significantly reduced OS compared with patients with low expression (P=0.000). Univariate and multivariate survival analysis showed that increased expression of CCDC34 was an independent predictor of poor prognosis in patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (all, P=0.000). CONCLUSIONS Compared with normal pancreas, CCDC34 expression was significantly increased in pancreatic adenocarcinoma, and increased CCDC34 expression was an independent predictor of poor patient prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Qi
- Medical College of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P.R. China
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Feng Shao
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
| | - Qiang Huang
- Department of General Surgery, Anhui Provincial Hospital, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R. China
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Li E, Liu L, Li F, Luo L, Zhao S, Wang J, Kang R, Luo J, Zhao Z. PSCA promotes prostate cancer proliferation and cell-cycle progression by up-regulating c-Myc. Prostate 2017; 77:1563-1572. [PMID: 28971496 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored protein. Increasing evidence has indicated PSCA plays an important role in tumorigenesis. However, its function and the underlying molecular mechanisms in prostate cancer (PCa) are still not fully elucidated. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of PSCA on cell cycle of PCa cells and its mechanism research. METHODS Immunohistochemistry, quantitative reverse transcription-PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting were used to quantify PSCA expression pattern in PCa tissues and cell lines. The association of PSCA expression with the biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival and overall survival (OS) of PCa patients were analyzed using Kaplan-Meier method. The roles of PSCA in PCa were confirmed based on both in vitro and in vivo systems. RESULTS Immunohistochemistry results showed that PSCA was upregulated in PCa tissue. PSCA overexpression were significantly associated with high Gleason score (GS) (P = 0.028), positive BCR (P = 0.002), and poor OS (P = 0.032) and high c-Myc expression (P = 0.019). PSCA promoted PCa cell cycle progression and tumor growth via increased c-Myc expression. Additional, PI3K/AKT signaling pathways was involved in PSCA-mediated c-Myc expression and cell proliferation. CONCLUSIONS PSCA is a novel cell cycle regulator with a key role in mediating c-Myc-induced proliferation. PSCA may be a potential diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for patients with PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ermao Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology and Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Luhao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology and Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Organ Transplantation, The Section Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Futian Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology and Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Lianmin Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology and Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shankun Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology and Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology and Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ran Kang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, China
| | - Jintai Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology and Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhigang Zhao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Urology, Department of Urology and Andrology, Minimally Invasive Surgery Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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Siebenkäs C, Chiappinelli KB, Guzzetta AA, Sharma A, Jeschke J, Vatapalli R, Baylin SB, Ahuja N. Inhibiting DNA methylation activates cancer testis antigens and expression of the antigen processing and presentation machinery in colon and ovarian cancer cells. PLoS One 2017. [PMID: 28622390 PMCID: PMC5473589 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Innovative therapies for solid tumors are urgently needed. Recently, therapies that harness the host immune system to fight cancer cells have successfully treated a subset of patients with solid tumors. These responses have been strong and durable but observed in subsets of patients. Work from our group and others has shown that epigenetic therapy, specifically inhibiting the silencing DNA methylation mark, activates immune signaling in tumor cells and can sensitize to immune therapy in murine models. Here we show that colon and ovarian cancer cell lines exhibit lower expression of transcripts involved in antigen processing and presentation to immune cells compared to normal tissues. In addition, treatment with clinically relevant low doses of DNMT inhibitors (that remove DNA methylation) increases expression of both antigen processing and presentation and Cancer Testis Antigens in these cell lines. We confirm that treatment with DNMT inhibitors upregulates expression of the antigen processing and presentation molecules B2M, CALR, CD58, PSMB8, PSMB9 at the RNA and protein level in a wider range of colon and ovarian cancer cell lines and treatment time points than had been described previously. In addition, we show that DNMTi treatment upregulates many Cancer Testis Antigens common to both colon and ovarian cancer. This increase of both antigens and antigen presentation by epigenetic therapy may be one mechanism to sensitize patients to immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Siebenkäs
- Department of Surgery, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Katherine B. Chiappinelli
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology, & Tropical Medicine, The George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NA); (KBC)
| | - Angela A. Guzzetta
- Department of Surgery, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Surgery, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Anup Sharma
- Department of Surgery, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jana Jeschke
- Department of Surgery, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rajita Vatapalli
- Department of Surgery, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- Department of Urology, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Stephen B. Baylin
- Department of Oncology, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nita Ahuja
- Department of Surgery, The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail: (NA); (KBC)
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Pett L, Kiakos K, Satam V, Patil P, Laughlin-Toth S, Gregory M, Bowerman M, Olson K, Savagian M, Lee M, Lee M, Wilson WD, Hochhauser D, Hartley JA. Modulation of topoisomerase IIα expression and chemosensitivity through targeted inhibition of NF-Y:DNA binding by a diamino p-anisyl-benzimidazole (Hx) polyamide. Biochim Biophys Acta Gene Regul Mech 2017; 1860:617-629. [PMID: 27750031 PMCID: PMC5757371 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2016] [Revised: 10/11/2016] [Accepted: 10/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sequence specific polyamide HxIP 1, targeted to the inverted CCAAT Box 2 (ICB2) on the topoisomerase IIα (topo IIα) promoter can inhibit NF-Y binding, re-induce gene expression and increase sensitivity to etoposide. To enhance biological activity, diamino-containing derivatives (HxI*P 2 and HxIP* 3) were synthesised incorporating an alkyl amino group at the N1-heterocyclic position of the imidazole/pyrrole. METHODS DNase I footprinting was used to evaluate DNA binding of the diamino Hx-polyamides, and their ability to disrupt the NF-Y:ICB2 interaction assessed using EMSAs. Topo IIα mRNA (RT-PCR) and protein (Immunoblotting) levels were measured following 18h polyamide treatment of confluent A549 cells. γH2AX was used as a marker for etoposide-induced DNA damage after pre-treatment with HxIP* 3 and cell viability was measured using Cell-Titer Glo®. RESULTS Introduction of the N1-alkyl amino group reduced selectivity for the target sequence 5'-TACGAT-3' on the topo IIα promoter, but increased DNA binding affinity. Confocal microscopy revealed both fluorescent diamino polyamides localised in the nucleus, yet HxI*P 2 was unable to disrupt the NF-Y:ICB2 interaction and showed no effect against the downregulation of topo IIα. In contrast, inhibition of NF-Y binding by HxIP* 3 stimulated dose-dependent (0.1-2μM) re-induction of topo IIα and potentiated cytotoxicity of topo II poisons by enhancing DNA damage. CONCLUSIONS Polyamide functionalisation at the N1-position offers a design strategy to improve drug-like properties. Dicationic HxIP* 3 increased topo IIα expression and chemosensitivity to topo II-targeting agents. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Pharmacological modulation of topo IIα expression has the potential to enhance cellular sensitivity to clinically-used anticancer therapeutics. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Nuclear Factor Y in Development and Disease, edited by Prof. Roberto Mantovani.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Pett
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Konstantinos Kiakos
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Vijay Satam
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States
| | - Pravin Patil
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States
| | - Sarah Laughlin-Toth
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Matthew Gregory
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States
| | - Michael Bowerman
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States
| | - Kevin Olson
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States
| | - Mia Savagian
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States
| | - Megan Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States
| | - Moses Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Hope College, Holland, MI 49423, United States; Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - W David Wilson
- Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, United States
| | - Daniel Hochhauser
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - John A Hartley
- Cancer Research UK Drug-DNA Interactions Research Group, UCL Cancer Institute, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.
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Su S, Parris AB, Grossman G, Mohler JL, Wang Z, Wilson EM. Up-Regulation of Follistatin-Like 1 By the Androgen Receptor and Melanoma Antigen-A11 in Prostate Cancer. Prostate 2017; 77:505-516. [PMID: 27976415 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High affinity androgen binding to the androgen receptor (AR) activates genes required for male sex differentiation and promotes the development and progression of prostate cancer. Human AR transcriptional activity involves interactions with coregulatory proteins that include primate-specific melanoma antigen-A11 (MAGE-A11), a coactivator that increases AR transcriptional activity during prostate cancer progression to castration-resistant/recurrent prostate cancer (CRPC). METHODS Microarray analysis and quantitative RT-PCR were performed to identify androgen-regulated MAGE-A11-dependent genes in LAPC-4 prostate cancer cells after lentivirus shRNA knockdown of MAGE-A11. Chromatin immunoprecipitation was used to assess androgen-dependent AR recruitment, and immunocytochemistry to localize an androgen-dependent protein in prostate cancer cells and tissue and in the CWR22 human prostate cancer xenograft. RESULTS Microarray analysis of androgen-treated LAPC-4 prostate cancer cells indicated follistatin-like 1 (FSTL1) is up-regulated by MAGE-A11. Androgen-dependent up-regulation of FSTL1 was inhibited in LAPC-4 cells by lentivirus shRNA knockdown of AR or MAGE-A11. Chromatin immunoprecipitation demonstrated AR recruitment to intron 10 of the FSTL1 gene that contains a classical consensus androgen response element. Increased levels of FSTL1 protein in LAPC-4 cells correlated with higher levels of MAGE-A11 relative to other prostate cancer cells. FSTL1 mRNA levels increased in CRPC and castration-recurrent CWR22 xenografts in association with predominantly nuclear FSTL1. Increased nuclear localization of FSTL1 in prostate cancer was suggested by predominantly cytoplasmic FSTL1 in benign prostate epithelial cells and predominantly nuclear FSTL1 in epithelial cells in CRPC tissue and the castration-recurrent CWR22 xenograft. AR expression studies showed nuclear colocalization of AR and endogenous FSTL1 in response to androgen. CONCLUSION AR and MAGE-A11 cooperate in the up-regulation of FSTL1 to promote growth and progression of CRPC. Prostate 77:505-516, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Su
- Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Amanda B Parris
- Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gail Grossman
- Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - James L Mohler
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
- Department of Urology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Urology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Zengjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Urology, First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Elizabeth M Wilson
- Laboratories for Reproductive Biology, Department of Pediatrics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Sini S, Deepa D, Harikrishnan S, Jayakumari N. High-density lipoprotein from subjects with coronary artery disease promotes macrophage foam cell formation: role of scavenger receptor CD36 and ERK/MAPK signaling. Mol Cell Biochem 2016; 427:23-34. [PMID: 27995417 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-016-2895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Although high-density lipoprotein is atheroprotective, it can become dysfunctional in chronic inflammatory conditions and increase cardiovascular risk. We previously demonstrated that HDL from subjects with documented coronary artery disease is dysfunctional and is pro-oxidant/proinflammatory in macrophages. Here we examined the influence of dysfunctional/proinflammatory HDL (piHDL) on lipid accumulation in human macrophages, in comparison to functional HDL (nHDL). Exposure of macrophages to piHDL, in contrast to nHDL, resulted in oxidative stress and marked uptake of lipids from piHDL, leading to the formation of foam cell phenotype as noted by oil red O staining with concomitant increase in total cellular cholesterol content. Using western blotting, we identified that piHDL profoundly upregulated the expression of scavenger receptor CD36 and suppressed the expression of ABCG1 and SRB1 in macrophages, thereby facilitating cholesterol influx capacity of macrophages. We then identified that CD36 did not act alone, indeed it was activated in macrophages along with ERK/MAPK, in response to piHDL, which in turn led to lipid accumulation as well as proinflammatory response via activation of NFkB and subsequent release of proinflammatory markers-TNF-ά and MMP-9. These effects were confirmed using pharmacological inhibitors for either CD36 or ERK/MAPK. Furthermore, piHDL treatment moderately activated PPAR-γ and Nrf2, the known regulators of CD36 in macrophages, suggesting that the two forms of HDL differentially regulate CD36 expression. Taken together, the results demonstrate that a novel CD36-ERK/MAPK-dependent mechanism is involved in macrophage lipid accumulation by piHDL, there by revealing the importance of functional deficiency in HDL and its potential link to atherogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sini
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - D Deepa
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - S Harikrishnan
- Department of Cardiology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India
| | - N Jayakumari
- Department of Biochemistry, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, 695011, India.
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Pour AM, Masir N, Rose IM. Glypican-3 is useful but not superior to Hep Par 1 in differentiating hepatocellular carcinoma from other liver tumours. Malays J Pathol 2016; 38:229-233. [PMID: 28028292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
To assess the diagnostic utility of glypican-3 (GPC-3) in comparison to Hep Par 1 in the diagnosis of liver tumours, a cross-sectional study involving 66 resected liver tumours were tested for the protein expression of these markers by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibodies. Of the 66 cases, 26 (39.4%) were hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), 4 (6.1%) were intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma and 36 (54.5%) were metastatic tumours. Hep Par 1 and GPC-3 expressions in HCC were 24/26 (92.3%) and 19/26 (73.1%) respectively. In contrast, of non-HCC cases, only 2/40 cases (5.0%) expressed Hep Par 1, including a metastatic colorectal adenocarcinoma and a metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma. GPC-3 was expressed in 3/40 cases (7.5%), i.e. a metastatic adenocarcinoma of unknown origin, a metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma and an intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The sensitivity and specificity for Hep Par 1 were 92.3% and 95% respectively while that of GPC-3 was 73.1% and 92.5% respectively. GPC-3 is a useful marker in the diagnosis of HCC. However it is not superior to Hep Par 1 in its sensitivity and specificity. We recommend that it is utilized together with Hep Par 1 as a panel in the diagnosis of HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Pour
- UKM Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center, Jalan Yaacob Latif, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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Lennard KS, Goosen RW, Blackburn JM. Bacterially-Associated Transcriptional Remodelling in a Distinct Genomic Subtype of Colorectal Cancer Provides a Plausible Molecular Basis for Disease Development. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166282. [PMID: 27846243 PMCID: PMC5112903 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The relevance of specific microbial colonisation to colorectal cancer (CRC) disease pathogenesis is increasingly recognised, but our understanding of possible underlying molecular mechanisms that may link colonisation to disease in vivo remains limited. Here, we investigate the relationships between the most commonly studied CRC-associated bacteria (Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis, pks+ Escherichia coli, Fusobacterium spp., afaC+ E. coli, Enterococcus faecalis & Enteropathogenic E. coli) and altered transcriptomic and methylation profiles of CRC patients, in order to gain insight into the potential contribution of these bacteria in the aetiopathogenesis of CRC. We show that colonisation by E. faecalis and high levels of Fusobacterium is associated with a specific transcriptomic subtype of CRC that is characterised by CpG island methylation, microsatellite instability and a significant increase in inflammatory and DNA damage pathways. Analysis of the significant, bacterially-associated changes in host gene expression, both at the level of individual genes as well as pathways, revealed a transcriptional remodeling that provides a plausible mechanistic link between specific bacterial colonisation and colorectal cancer disease development and progression in this subtype; these included upregulation of REG3A, REG1A and REG1P in the case of high-level colonization by Fusobacterium, and CXCL10 and BMI1 in the case of colonisation by E. faecalis. The enrichment of both E. faecalis and Fusobacterium in this CRC subtype suggests that polymicrobial colonisation of the colonic epithelium may well be an important aspect of colonic tumourigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie S. Lennard
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Ryan W. Goosen
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Jonathan M. Blackburn
- Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine & Department of Integrative Biomedical Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- * E-mail:
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Abstract
Sun-exposure is a key environmental variable in the study of human evolution. Several skin-pigmentation genes serve as classical examples of positive selection, suggesting that sun-exposure has significantly shaped worldwide genomic variation. Here we investigate the interaction between genetic variation and sun-exposure, and how this impacts gene expression regulation. Using RNA-Seq data from 607 human skin samples, we identified thousands of transcripts that are differentially expressed between sun-exposed skin and non-sun-exposed skin. We then tested whether genetic variants may influence each individual’s gene expression response to sun-exposure. Our analysis revealed 10 sun-exposure-dependent gene expression quantitative trait loci (se-eQTLs), including genes involved in skin pigmentation (SLC45A2) and epidermal differentiation (RASSF9). The allele frequencies of the RASSF9 se-eQTL across diverse populations correlate with the magnitude of solar radiation experienced by these populations, suggesting local adaptation to varying levels of sunlight. These results provide the first examples of sun-exposure-dependent regulatory variation and suggest that this variation has contributed to recent human adaptation. Varying levels of sun-exposure across the world have significantly shaped human evolution. Previous analyses have found several skin pigmentation genes with evidence of strong evolutionary pressures throughout human history, manifesting as large differences in the frequency of genomic variants across populations. But even within populations, individuals respond differently to sun-exposure, suggesting variation in addition to the major differences in skin pigmentation across populations. Here we investigated whether genetic variants associate with response to sun-exposure within Europeans. To measure the response we analyzed gene expression in sun-exposed and non-sun-exposed skin, and identified ten genetic variants that associated with the sun-exposure response of nearby genes. One of these genetic variants, which associated with the sun-exposure response of the gene RASSF9, showed evidence of adaptation in humans in response to solar radiation. Together this evidence suggests that the regulation of gene expression is influenced by sun-exposure and that the sun-exposure dependent effect on RASSF9 expression may have had an effect on human fitness. To our knowledge, this is the first example of an environment-dependent regulatory variant with evidence of adaptation in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Kita
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford California
| | - Hunter B. Fraser
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford California
- * E-mail:
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Akimoto Y, Kato H, Matsumoto K, Harada R, Oda S, Fushimi S, Mizukawa S, Yabe S, Uchida D, Seki H, Tomoda T, Yamamoto N, Horiguchi S, Tsutsumi K, Yagi T, Okada H. Pancreatic Hepatoid Carcinoma Mimicking a Solid Pseudopapillary Neoplasm: A Challenging Case on Endoscopic Ultrasound-guided Fine-needle Aspiration. Intern Med 2016; 55:2405-11. [PMID: 27580541 DOI: 10.2169/internalmedicine.55.6741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
A 59-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for treatment of a 45 mm pancreatic mass found during a medical examination. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration cytology showed polygonal cells with pseudopapillary structures. The tumor cells were positive for nuclear/cytoplasmic β-catenin and CD10, and negative for chromogranin A. After a tentative diagnosis of a solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, middle pancreatectomy was performed. Histologically, polygonal cells with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm formed in the trabeculae and were immunohistochemically positive for HepPar1 and protein induced by vitamin K absence or antagonist-II. The tumor was finally diagnosed to be pancreatic hepatoid carcinoma. No recurrence occurred for 12 months, even without adjuvant chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Akimoto
- Department of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Japan
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Shires K, Wienand K. Cancer testis antigen MAGE C1 can be used to monitor levels of circulating malignant stem cells in the peripheral blood of multiple myeloma patients. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2016; 142:2383-96. [PMID: 27581737 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-016-2231-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Monitoring the levels of malignant disease-causing cells in multiple myeloma, as opposed to the clinical symptoms alone, is an important move forward in the management of this disease. While current methods including multiparametric flow cytometry and PCR analysis of the clonal plasma cells can be used in a patient-specific manner, their use is limited and the fundamental malignant progenitor cell is not being monitored. The expression of cancer testis antigen MAGE C1 has been linked to the malignant stem cell in this disease, and thus, we investigated the use of both flow cytometric and qRTPCR approaches to monitor its expression as an alternative monitoring methodology in this pilot study. METHODS We compared the levels of MAGE C1 in the peripheral blood to serum M protein and serum beta 2 microglobulin levels at 3-monthly intervals over a 2-year period, for 12 patients on chemotherapy regimens and 4 patients undergoing stem cell transplantation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The analysis indicated that the novel flow cytometric analysis of MAGE C1 expression in the peripheral blood was extremely relevant as a potential minimal residual disease-monitoring tool. Expression of this cancer testis antigen was detectable in all patients throughout treatment, with comparable increases and decreases to serum M protein and/or serum beta 2 microglobulin, but with the advantage of being able to detect disease at a more sensitive level. Furthermore, due to the increased sensitivity, the ability to pre-empt disease relapse before clinical changes were evident, was preliminarily indicated. The qRTPCR approach showed potential as a monitoring tool in the chemotherapy patient cohort, with the mRNA MAGE C1 levels following a similar pattern of expression observed in the flow cytometry analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Shires
- 6th Floor Chris Barnard Building, Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7221, South Africa.
- National Health Laboratory Service, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa.
| | - Kirsty Wienand
- 6th Floor Chris Barnard Building, Division of Haematology, Department of Pathology, University of Cape Town Medical School, Anzio Road, Observatory, Cape Town, 7221, South Africa
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Theodoraki MN, Lorenz KJ, Schneider J, Thierauf JC, Spagnoli G, Schuler PJ, Hoffmann TK, Laban S. Influence of Photodynamic Therapy on the Expression of Cancer/Testis Antigens in Squamous Cell Carcinoma of the Head and Neck. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:3973-3982. [PMID: 27466502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a palliative treatment resulting in induction of inflammatory reactions with importance for the development of an antitumor immunity. Cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) have been associated with poor prognosis in different types of cancer, including head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS Tumor tissue samples before and after PDT were evaluated for the expression of four different CTAs by immunohistochemistry. Expression intensity and subcellular expression pattern were assessed. RESULTS Before PDT, expression of any CTA was detectable in 91%. Comparing the overall expression of CTAs, a decreased expression of all melanoma-associated antigens (MAGEs) post-treatment and a slightly increased expression of New York esophageal squamous cell carcinoma 1 (NY-ESO-1) was visible. The simultaneous cytoplasmic and nuclear expression of pan-MAGE or MAGE-A3/A4 correlated with reduced treatment-failure-free-survival (TFFS). CONCLUSION This study investigated the impact of PDT on CTA expression in HNSCC, detecting modified expression patterns after PDT. These changes may have been caused by immunological pressure or epigenetic regulation of CTA expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Nicole Theodoraki
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Kai J Lorenz
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Hospital of German Armed Forces, Ulm, Germany
| | - Juliane Schneider
- Department of Pathology, Hospital of German Armed Forces, Ulm, Germany
| | - Julia C Thierauf
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Giulio Spagnoli
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick J Schuler
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Thomas K Hoffmann
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Simon Laban
- Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
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Yao Z, Allen T, Oakley M, Samons C, Garrison D, Jansen B. Analytical Characteristics of a Noninvasive Gene Expression Assay for Pigmented Skin Lesions. Assay Drug Dev Technol 2016; 14:355-63. [PMID: 27505074 DOI: 10.1089/adt.2016.724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously reported clinical performance of a novel noninvasive and quantitative PCR (qPCR)-based molecular diagnostic assay (the pigmented lesion assay; PLA) that differentiates primary cutaneous melanoma from benign pigmented skin lesions through two target gene signatures, LINC00518 (LINC) and preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME). This study focuses on analytical characterization of this PLA, including qPCR specificity and sensitivity, optimization of RNA input in qPCR to achieve a desired diagnostic sensitivity and specificity, and analytical performance (repeatability and reproducibility) of this two-gene PLA. All target qPCRs demonstrated a good specificity (100%) and sensitivity (with a limit of detection of 1-2 copies), which allows reliable detection of gene expression changes of LINC and PRAME between melanomas and nonmelanomas. Through normalizing RNA input in qPCR, we converted the traditional gene expression analyses to a binomial detection of gene transcripts (i.e., detected or not detected). By combining the binomial qPCR results of the two genes, an improved diagnostic sensitivity (raised from 52%- 65% to 71% at 1 pg of total RNA input, and to 91% at 3 pg of total RNA input) was achieved. This two-gene PLA demonstrates a high repeatability and reproducibility (coefficient of variation <3%) and all required analytical performance characteristics for the commercial processing of clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuxu Yao
- DermTech, Inc. , La Jolla, California
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35
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Lui G, Wong CK, Ip M, Chu YJ, Yung IMH, Cheung CSK, Zheng L, Lam JSY, Wong KT, Sin WWY, Choi KW, Lee N. HMGB1/RAGE Signaling and Pro-Inflammatory Cytokine Responses in Non-HIV Adults with Active Pulmonary Tuberculosis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0159132. [PMID: 27434276 PMCID: PMC4951129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We aimed to study the pathogenic roles of High-Mobility Group Box 1 (HMGB1) / Receptor-for-Advanced-Glycation-End-products (RAGE) signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokines in patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB). METHODS A prospective study was conducted among non-HIV adults newly-diagnosed with active PTB at two acute-care hospitals (n = 80); age-and-sex matched asymptomatic individuals (tested for latent TB) were used for comparison (n = 45). Plasma concentrations of 8 cytokines/chemokines, HMGB1, soluble-RAGE, and transmembrane-RAGE expressed on monocytes/dendritic cells, were measured. Gene expression (mRNA) of HMGB1, RAGE, and inflammasome-NALP3 was quantified. Patients' PBMCs were stimulated with recombinant-HMGB1 and MTB-antigen (lipoarabinomannan) for cytokine induction ex vivo. RESULTS In active PTB, plasma IL-8/CXCL8 [median(IQR), 6.0(3.6-15.1) vs 3.6(3.6-3.6) pg/ml, P<0.001] and IL-6 were elevated, which significantly correlated with mycobacterial load, extent of lung consolidation (rs +0.509, P<0.001), severity-score (rs +0.317, P = 0.004), and fever and hospitalization durations (rs +0.407, P<0.001). IL-18 and sTNFR1 also increased. Plasma IL-8/CXCL8 (adjusted OR 1.12, 95%CI 1.02-1.23 per unit increase, P = 0.021) and HMGB1 (adjusted OR 1.42 per unit increase, 95%CI 1.08-1.87, P = 0.012) concentrations were independent predictors for respiratory failure, as well as for ICU admission/death. Gene expression of HMGB1, RAGE, and inflammasome-NALP3 were upregulated (1.2-2.8 fold). Transmembrane-RAGE was increased, whereas the decoy soluble-RAGE was significantly depleted. RAGE and HMGB1 gene expressions positively correlated with cytokine levels (IL-8/CXCL8, IL-6, sTNFR1) and clinico-/radiographical severity (e.g. extent of consolidation rs +0.240, P = 0.034). Ex vivo, recombinant-HMGB1 potentiated cytokine release (e.g. TNF-α) when combined with lipoarabinomannan. CONCLUSION In patients with active PTB, HMGB1/RAGE signaling and pro-inflammatory cytokines may play important roles in pathogenesis and disease manifestations. Our clinico-immunological data can provide basis for the development of new strategies for disease monitoring, management and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace Lui
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chun Kwok Wong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Margaret Ip
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yi Jun Chu
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Irene M. H. Yung
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Lin Zheng
- Department of Microbiology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Judy S. Y. Lam
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ka Tak Wong
- Department of Imaging and Interventional Radiology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Winnie W. Y. Sin
- Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin Wing Choi
- Department of Medicine, Alice Ho Miu Ling Nethersole Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Nelson Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Stanley Ho Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
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Sanguineti R, Monacelli F, Parodi A, Furfaro AL, Borghi R, Pacini D, Pronzato MA, Odetti P, Molfetta L, Traverso N. Vitamins D3 and K2 may partially counterbalance the detrimental effects of pentosidine in ex vivo human osteoblasts. J BIOL REG HOMEOS AG 2016; 30:713-726. [PMID: 27655488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Osteoporosis is a metabolic multifaceted disorder, characterized by insufficient bone strength. It has been recently shown that advanced glycation end products (AGEs) play a role in senile osteoporosis, through bone cell impairment and altered biomechanical properties. Pentosidine (PENT), a wellcharacterized AGE, is also considered a biomarker of bone fracture. Adequate responses to various hormones, such as 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3, are prerequisites for optimal osteoblasts functioning. Vitamin K2 is known to enhance in vitro and in vitro vitamin D-induced bone formation. The aim of the study was to assess the effects of Vitamins D3 and K2 and PENT on in vitro osteoblast activity, to convey a possible translational clinical message. Ex vivo human osteoblasts cultured, for 3 weeks, with vitamin D3 and vitamin K2 were exposed to PENT, a well-known advanced glycoxidation end product for the last 72 hours. Experiments with PENT alone were also carried out. Gene expression of specific markers of bone osteoblast maturation [alkaline phosphatase, ALP; collagen I, COL Iα1; and osteocalcin (bone-Gla-protein) BGP] was measured, together with the receptor activator of nuclear factor kappa-B ligand/osteoproteregin (RANKL/OPG) ratio to assess bone remodeling. Expression of RAGE, a well-characterized receptor of AGEs, was also assessed. PENT+vitamins slightly inhibited ALP secretion while not affecting gene expression, indicating hampered osteoblast functional activity. PENT+vitamins up-regulated collagen gene expression, while protein secretion was unchanged. Intracellular collagen levels were partially decreased, and a significant reduction in BGP gene expression and intracellular protein concentration were both reported after PENT exposure. The RANKL/OPG ratio was increased, favouring bone reabsorption. RAGE gene expression significantly decreased. These results were confirmed by a lower mineralization rate. We provided in vitro evidence that glycoxidation might interfere with the maturation of osteoblasts, leading to morphological modifications, cellular malfunctioning, and inhibition of the calcification process. However, these processes may be all partially counterbalanced by vitamins D3 and K2. Therefore, detrimental AGE accumulation in bone might be attenuated and/or reversed by the presence or supplementation of vitamins D3 and K2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A Parodi
- DIMES, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - R Borghi
- DIMI, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - D Pacini
- DIMI, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | | | - P Odetti
- DIMI, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - L Molfetta
- DINOGMI, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
| | - N Traverso
- DIMES, University of Genova, Genoa, Italy
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Loskog A, Ninalga C, Hedlund T, Alimohammadi M, Malmström PU, Tötterman TH. Optimization of the MB49 mouse bladder cancer model for adenoviral gene therapy. Lab Anim 2016; 39:384-93. [PMID: 16197705 DOI: 10.1258/002367705774286475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Bladder cancer is regarded as a promising candidate for innovative therapies in the field of immune and gene therapy. In this paper, we present the subcutaneous, metastatic and a novel orthotopic model of murine MB49 bladder cancer in C57BL/6 mice. We further show the potential of using adenoviral vectors together with different transduction enhancers to augment in vivo gene delivery. Finally, we present candidate genes for tumour detection, therapy or targeting. The MB49 tumour grew rapidly in mice. The subcutaneous model allowed for tumour detection within a week and the possibility to monitor growth rate on a day-by-day basis. Injection of MB49 cells intravenously into the tail vein gave rise to lung metastases within 16 days, while instillation of tumour cells into pretreated bladders led to a survival time of 20–40 days. Adenoviral vectors can be used as a vehicle for gene transfer to the bladder. By far, the most potent transduction enhancer was Clorpactin, also known as oxychlorosene. Last, we show that MB49 cells express tumour-associated antigens like bladder cancer-4, prostate stem cell antigen and six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate. Given the possibility for efficient genetic modification of the bladder and the presence of known tumour antigens, the MB49 models can be used in innovative ways to explore immunogene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Loskog
- Clinical Immunology Division, Rudbeck Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden.
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38
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Ercolak V, Paydas S, Bagir E, Ergin M, Seydaoglu G, Celik H, Yavu B, Tanriverdi K, Gunaldi M, Afsar CU, Duman BB. PRAME Expression and Its Clinical Relevance in Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Acta Haematol 2016; 134:199-207. [PMID: 26044287 DOI: 10.1159/000381533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Although Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) is one of the most curable cancers in adult patients, new targets have to be defined in cases resistant to traditional chemotherapy. The preferentially expressed antigen of melanoma (PRAME) is a cancer testis antigen and its expression is very scarce or absent in normal tissues. For this reason PRAME is a promising candidate for tumor immunotherapy. The aim of this study is to understand the correlation of PRAME expression with prognostic factors in HL, to determine the utility of PRAME as a targeted molecule for immunotherapy and to compare real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the detection of PRAME. METHODS In 82 patients, PRAME was studied using real-time PCR and IHC. Data analyses were performed using statistical methods such as t test, Mann-Whitney U test, χ 2 test, Kaplan-Meier method, log-rank test and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS PRAME was detected in 15 (18.3%) patients using IHC and in 8 (9.8%) patients using real-time PCR. A correlation was found between PRAME positivity and higher International Prognostic Score (p = 0.039). PRAME positivity detected using real-time PCR was found to be correlated with shorter disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS, p = 0.0005). DISCUSSION The demonstration of PRAME especially in histiocytes and Reed-Sternberg cells may provide guidance for immunotherapy. Although PRAME positivity increases the risk for death (3.56), independent risk factors that affected DFS and OS occurred in advanced age and high-risk groups. CONCLUSION Although real-time PCR is sensitive in the detection of PRAME, IHC can be another useful method. Despite the need for studies conducted on larger patient samples, PRAME expression is considered as a poor prognostic parameter in HL.
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Zhao Z, He J, Kang R, Zhao S, Liu L, Li F. RNA interference targeting PSCA suppresses primary tumor growth and metastasis formation of human prostate cancer xenografts in SCID mice. Prostate 2016; 76:184-98. [PMID: 26477693 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Prostate stem cell antigen (PSCA) is a cell surface, glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored glycoprotein. Its overexpression has been detected in both local and metastatic prostate cancer (PCa), making it a potential therapeutic target. We previously reported that silencing PSCA by small interfering RNA targeting human PSCA (siRNA-PSCA) inhibited biological activity of PSCA-positive PCa cells leading to reduced proliferation, motility and invasion in vitro. In this study, we extended this in vitro findings to in vivo settings in order to investigate the effects of this specific siRNA on the tumor growth and metastasis development of PCa in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS The siRNA-PSCA and ectopically overexpressed-PSCA vector were constructed and transfected into human PCa PC-3M and LNCaP cells, respectively, and were subcutaneously inoculated into the male SCID mice. Tumor growth was measured with a caliper, and formation of metastasis in mice bearing xenograft tumors was studied by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and autopsy analysis. Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expression levels of PSCA protein in tumor tissues from xenograft and distant metastases. RESULTS Consistent with our previous in vitro findings, the subcutaneous xenografts of PC-3M-siPSCA exhibited the almost completely inhibited expression of PSCA protein in their tumors tissues (P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively), and consequently had a significant reduction in tumor growth volumes (P < 0.05 for all), and metastasis onset and sites (P < 0.001 for all) compared to those of PC-3M and PC-3M-siScrm. Conversely, LNCaP-PSCA showed significantly enhanced primary tumor growth and metastasis formation of xenografts compared to LNCaP-vehicle and LNCaP cells (P < 0.001 for all). Moreover, the up-regulated expression of PSCA protein was detected in the distant metastases of xenograft tumors from all groups. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, these observations suggest that PSCA has a promoting role in the growth and metastasis of PCa and siRNA-PSCA may be a potential therapeutic strategy for PSCA-positive PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhigang Zhao
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ran Kang
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Shankun Zhao
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Luhao Liu
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Futian Li
- Department of Urology and Andrology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
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Xu Y, Rong LJ, Meng SL, Hou FL, Zhang JH, Pan G. PRAME promotes in vitro leukemia cells death by regulating S100A4/p53 signaling. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2016; 20:1057-1063. [PMID: 27049257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE PRAME (Preferentially Expressed Antigen in Melanoma) is a tumor-associated antigen recognized by immunocytes, and it induces cytotoxic T cell-mediated responses in melanoma. PRAME is expressed in a wide variety of tumors, but in contrast with most other tumor-associated antigens, it is also expressed in leukemias. The physiologic role of PRAME remains elusive. Recently, it has found PRAME could be involved in the regulation of cell death in leukemias, but the mechanism of the function is unclear. Here, we confirm that PRAME induces leukemias cell death by regulation of S100A4/p53 signaling. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pCDNA3-PRAME plasmid and its control were transfected with the KG-1 cells. The pCDNA3-PRAME transfected KG-1 cells were then transiently transfected with S100A4 cDNA or wt-p53 siRNA. The PRAME siRNA and its control were transfected with the K562 cells. The PRAME siRNA transfected K562 cells were then transiently transfected with S100A4 siRNA or pGMp53-Lu. PRAME, S100A4 and P53 were detected by Western blot assay in different time point. Annexin V/propidium iodide and MTT methods were used to detect apoptosis and cell survival rate. RESULTS KG-1 cells overexpressing the PRAME gene significantly induces apoptosis and decreases proliferation in vitro, followed by down-regulation of S100A4 and up-regulation of p53. Up-regulation of S100A4 by S100A4 transfection inhibits PRAME-induced p53 up-regulation. Furthermore, up-regulation of S100A4 by S100A4 transfection or down-regulation of p53 by p53 siRNA transfection reduces apoptosis and increases proliferation in vitro. Knockdown of PRAME in K562 cells significantly increases proliferation in vitro, followed by up-regulation of S100A4 and down-regulation of p53. The downregulation of S100A4 by S100A4 siRNA transfection increased p53 expression. Furthermore, downregulation of S100A4 by S100A4 siRNA transfection or up-regulation of p53 by p53 transfection decreases proliferation in vitro. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that the leukemias expressing high levels of PRAME has a favorable prognosis. PRAME promotes in vitro leukemia cells death by regulating S100A4/p53 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Xu
- Department of Haematology, People's Hospital of Linyi, Shandong, China.
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Zhou N, Wang H, Liu H, Xue H, Lin F, Meng X, Liang A, Zhao Z, Liu Y, Qian H. MTA1-upregulated EpCAM is associated with metastatic behaviors and poor prognosis in lung cancer. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2015; 34:157. [PMID: 26698569 PMCID: PMC4690245 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-015-0263-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overexpression of Metastasis-associated protein 1 (MTA1) in various cancer cells promotes tumor invasion and migration and predicts cancer patients' poor prognosis. The pilot RNA-Seq data from our laboratory indicated that Epithelial cell adhesion molecule (EpCAM) was statistically reduced in MTA1-silencing cells. EpCAM has been recognized as more than a mere cell adhesion molecule and recent findings have revealed its causal role in mediating migratory and invasive capacity. Thus, this study was aimed to explore whether MTA1 was able to upregulate EpCAM expression and, consequently, modulate its effects on invasion and migration of the lung cancer cells as well as patients' prognosis. METHODS We checked the EpCAM expression by overexpressing or silencing MTA1 in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, these lung cancer cells with stably overexpressed or silenced MTA1 were transfected with siEpCAM or EpCAM-expressing plasmids and then subjected to western blot, invasion and migration assays. In addition, patients (n = 118) with early-stage lung cancer were enrolled in this study to confirm the correlations between MTA1 and EpCAM and pathoclinical parameters by using immunohistochemistry (IHC). All statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 20.0 statistical software. RESULTS MTA1 upregulated EpCAM expression in lung cancer cell lines, and EpCAM overexpression rescued the inhibitory effects by silencing MTA1 on cell invasion and migration in vitro. What's more, both MTA1 and EpCAM, correlated to each other, were overexpressed in lung cancer tissues and significantly correlated with their clinical stages, tumor diameters, lymph node metastasis. Multivariate analysis indicated that local advancement (p = 0.03), MTA1 overexpression (p = 0.001) and EpCAM overexpression (p = 0.045) of the lung cancer tissues remained significant in predicting unfavorable overall survival. CONCLUSIONS We revealed a new molecular mechanism of MTA1-mediated invasion and metastasis in lung cancer through downstream target EpCAM, and interfering with EpCAM function may be a novel therapeutic strategy for treatment of MTA1-overexpressing lung carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Molecular Diagnostics Key Laboratory of Guangdong, Guangdong Medical University, 1 New Town Road, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Haijuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Hongxu Liu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110001, China
| | - Hongsheng Xue
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jie Fang Road, Dalian, 116001, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Xiting Meng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China
| | - Ailing Liang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Medical Molecular Diagnostics Key Laboratory of Guangdong, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, 523808, China
| | - Zhilong Zhao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, the Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, 6 Jie Fang Road, Dalian, 116001, China.
| | - YongJun Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical Molecular Diagnostics Key Laboratory of Guangdong, Guangdong Medical University, 1 New Town Road, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Haili Qian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute and Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 17 Panjiayuan Nanli, Beijing, 100021, China.
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Makino A, Dai A, Han Y, Youssef KD, Wang W, Donthamsetty R, Scott BT, Wang H, Dillmann WH. O-GlcNAcase overexpression reverses coronary endothelial cell dysfunction in type 1 diabetic mice. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2015; 309:C593-9. [PMID: 26269457 PMCID: PMC4628934 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00069.2015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in diabetes, and endothelial dysfunction is commonly seen in these patients. Increased O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) protein modification is one of the central pathogenic features of diabetes. Modification of proteins by O-GlcNAc (O-GlcNAcylation) is regulated by two key enzymes: β-N-acetylglucosaminidase [O-GlcNAcase (OGA)], which catalyzes the reduction of protein O-GlcNAcylation, and O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which induces O-GlcNAcylation. However, it is not known whether reducing O-GlcNAcylation can improve endothelial dysfunction in diabetes. To examine the effect of endothelium-specific OGA overexpression on protein O-GlcNAcylation and coronary endothelial function in diabetic mice, we generated tetracycline-inducible, endothelium-specific OGA transgenic mice, and induced OGA by doxycycline administration in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic mice. OGA protein expression was significantly decreased in mouse coronary endothelial cells (MCECs) isolated from diabetic mice compared with control MCECs, whereas OGT protein level was markedly increased. The level of protein O-GlcNAcylation was increased in diabetic compared with control mice, and OGA overexpression significantly decreased the level of protein O-GlcNAcylation in MCECs from diabetic mice. Capillary density in the left ventricle and endothelium-dependent relaxation in coronary arteries were significantly decreased in diabetes, while OGA overexpression increased capillary density to the control level and restored endothelium-dependent relaxation without changing endothelium-independent relaxation. We found that connexin 40 could be the potential target of O-GlcNAcylation that regulates the endothelial functions in diabetes. These data suggest that OGA overexpression in endothelial cells improves endothelial function and may have a beneficial effect on coronary vascular complications in diabetes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Neoplasm/biosynthesis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Cells, Cultured
- Connexins/metabolism
- Coronary Artery Disease/enzymology
- Coronary Artery Disease/genetics
- Coronary Artery Disease/physiopathology
- Coronary Vessels/drug effects
- Coronary Vessels/enzymology
- Coronary Vessels/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/physiopathology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/enzymology
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/genetics
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1/physiopathology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/enzymology
- Diabetic Angiopathies/genetics
- Diabetic Angiopathies/physiopathology
- Endothelial Cells/drug effects
- Endothelial Cells/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/enzymology
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiopathology
- Enzyme Induction
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Glycosylation
- Histone Acetyltransferases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Histone Acetyltransferases/biosynthesis
- Histone Acetyltransferases/genetics
- Humans
- Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/antagonists & inhibitors
- Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/biosynthesis
- Hyaluronoglucosaminidase/genetics
- Male
- Mice, Transgenic
- N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferases/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Physiologic
- Protein Processing, Post-Translational
- Signal Transduction
- Vasodilation
- beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/antagonists & inhibitors
- beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/biosynthesis
- beta-N-Acetylhexosaminidases/genetics
- Gap Junction alpha-5 Protein
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Makino
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Anzhi Dai
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Ying Han
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona; Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Katia D Youssef
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Weihua Wang
- Department of Physiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Reshma Donthamsetty
- Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; and
| | - Brian T Scott
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Hong Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Wolfgang H Dillmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California
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Oliveira LH, Schiavinato JL, Fráguas MS, Lucena-Araujo AR, Haddad R, Araújo AG, Dalmazzo LF, Rego EM, Covas DT, Zago MA, Panepucci RA. Potential roles of microRNA-29a in the molecular pathophysiology of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Cancer Sci 2015; 106:1264-77. [PMID: 26251039 PMCID: PMC4637998 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 07/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has shown that deregulated expression of members of the microRNA-29 (miR-29) family may play a critical role in human cancer, including hematological malignancies. However, the roles of miR-29 in the molecular pathophysiology of T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) has not been investigated. Here, we show that lower levels of miR-29a were significantly associated with higher blast counts in the bone marrow and with increased disease-free survival in T-ALL patients. Furthermore, miR-29a levels are extremely reduced in T-ALL cells compared to normal T cells. Microarray analysis following introduction of synthetic miR-29a mimics into Jurkat cells revealed the downregulation of several predicted targets (CDK6, PXDN, MCL1, PIK3R1, and CXXC6), including targets with roles in active and passive DNA demethylation (such as DNMT3a, DNMT3b, and members of the TET family and TDG). Restoring miR-29a levels in Jurkat and Molt-4 T-ALL cells led to the demethylation of many genes commonly methylated in T-ALL. Overall, our results suggest that reduced miR-29a levels may contribute to the altered epigenetic status of T-ALL, highlighting its relevance in the physiopathology of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucila H Oliveira
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, Regional Blood CenterRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Josiane L Schiavinato
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, Regional Blood CenterRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Mariane S Fráguas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, Regional Blood CenterRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | | | - Rodrigo Haddad
- School of Ceilandia, University of BrasiliaBrasilia, Brazil
| | - Amélia G Araújo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, Regional Blood CenterRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Leandro F Dalmazzo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo M Rego
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, Regional Blood CenterRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Dimas T Covas
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, Regional Blood CenterRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Marco A Zago
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, Regional Blood CenterRibeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A Panepucci
- Department of Internal Medicine, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Medical School of Ribeirão Preto, University of São PauloSão Paulo, Brazil
- Center for Cell Based Therapy, Regional Blood CenterRibeirão Preto, Brazil
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Kurbacher CM, Horn O, Kurbacher JA, Herz S, Kurbacher AT, Hildenbrand R, Bollmann R. Outpatient Intraperitoneal Catumaxomab Therapy for Malignant Ascites Related to Advanced Gynecologic Neoplasms. Oncologist 2015; 20:1333-41. [PMID: 26417039 DOI: 10.1634/theoncologist.2015-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 07/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Catumaxomab (CATU) is a trifunctional antibody approved for intraperitoneal (i.p.) treatment of malignant ascites (MA) related to carcinomas expressing the epithelial cell-adhesion molecule (EpCAM). CATU is mostly given to hospitalized patients, although outpatient treatment seems appropriate in selected individuals. This observational trial sought to obtain more detailed information regarding the feasibility of CATU in outpatients with MA related to various gynecologic tumors, including epithelial ovarian (EOC) and metastatic breast cancer (MBC). MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 30 patients were included, 17 with EOC, 7 with MBC, and 6 with other malignancies. The patients had failed a median of 5 (range 1-12) previous systemic treatments. CATU was administered via an indwelling i.p. catheter at four increasing doses (i.e., 10, 20, 50, and 150 µg) given at 4-day intervals over 2 weeks. Toxicities were scored according to the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events, version 4.03. Puncture-free survival (PuFS) was calculated from the start of CATU until the next puncture for MA, death, or loss to follow-up. Overall survival (OS) was calculated from the start of CATU to death from any reason or loss to follow-up. We also investigated various clinical parameters to predict PuFS and OS. These included age, tumor type, performance status, intensity of pretreatment, presence of extraperitoneal metastases, relative lymphocyte count at baseline, patient adherence to therapy, and the patients' ability to undergo systemic treatment after CATU. RESULTS CATU was exclusively given on an outpatient basis, and 19 patients (63.3%) received all four planned i.p. instillations. Toxicity was the reason for discontinuation in only 2 patients. Toxicity was generally manageable, with abdominal pain, nausea/vomiting, fatigue, and fever the predominant adverse effects. Secondary hospitalization was necessary for 7 patients (23.3%), with a general deteriorated condition in 5 and fever/infection or abdominal pain in 1 patient each. Subsequent systemic treatment was possible in 11 patients (36.7%). Only 5 patients (16.7%) required a second puncture after i.p. CATU. The median PuFS was 56 days, and the median OS was 79.5 days. Positive predictors of both PuFS and OS were performance status, absence of extraperitoneal tumor, the capability to receive all four CATU infusions, and the ability to undergo subsequent systemic treatment. CONCLUSION Outpatient i.p. CATU therapy for MA related to various gynecologic carcinomas is safe and effective in producing good ascites control in most individuals, allowing for subsequent systemic therapy in a substantial proportion of patients. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Intraperitoneal treatment with the trifunctional antibody catumaxomab (CATU) was possible in a selected population of 30 outpatients with malignant ascites due to epithelial female genital tract or breast carcinoma. Toxicity was largely manageable. Patients in good condition at baseline, without extraperitoneal tumor and/or liver metastases, and with the ability to complete all four planned CATU instillations and the capability of undergoing subsequent systemic therapy benefited the most in terms of both puncture-free and overall survival. Outpatient i.p. CATU is safe and effective in a selected group of patients with malignant ascites due to various gynecologic malignancies and could be cost-saving compared with an inpatient approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Martin Kurbacher
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics I (Gynecologic Oncology), Gynecologic Center Bonn-Friedensplatz, Bonn, Germany Faculty of Medicine, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Olympia Horn
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics I (Gynecologic Oncology), Gynecologic Center Bonn-Friedensplatz, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jutta Anna Kurbacher
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics II (General Gynecology and Obstetrics), Gynecologic Center Bonn-Friedensplatz, Bonn, Germany
| | - Susanne Herz
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics I (Gynecologic Oncology), Gynecologic Center Bonn-Friedensplatz, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ann Tabea Kurbacher
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics I (Gynecologic Oncology), Gynecologic Center Bonn-Friedensplatz, Bonn, Germany
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Mikhaylenko DS, Perepechin DV, Grigoryeva MV, Zhinzhilo TA, Safronova NY, Efremov GD, Sivkov AV. [PCA3 AND TMPRSS2:ERG GENES EXPRESSION IN BIOPSIES OF BENIGN PROSTATE HYPERPLASIA, INTRAEPITHELIAL NEOPLASIA, AND PROSTATE CANCER]. Urologiia 2015:46-50. [PMID: 26859937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Morphological analysis of the biopsies for prostate cancer (PCa) often is a difficult task due to heterogeneity and multifocality of tumors. At the same time, a lot of data exist about the potential molecular genetic markers of PCa. The aim of our study is to determine of PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG genes expression in benign hyperplasia (BPH), low and high grade intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN), PCa for revealing of diagnostic value of those genes expression in benign and precancerous changes in prostate. Total RNA was isolated from 53 biopsies, reverse transcription was performed, gene expression was determined by real time PCR (RT-PCR) then deltaCt index was determined as Ct(PCA3)--Ct(KLK3). Average deltaCt and its SD in BPH were 8.28 ± 3.13, low PIN--8.56 ± 2.64, high PIN--8.98 ±1.69, PCa--1.08 ± 2.36. We have demonstarted that deltaCt did not differ in patients with BPH, low and high grade PIN, whereas significantly increased in PCa relative to any of the three groups listed above (p < 0.0001). Expression of TMPRSS2:ERG was absent in BPH, PIN, but it was detected in 40% (4/10) of PCa cases. ROC-analysis showed that the AUC (area under ROC-curve with 95% CI, p < 0.0001) was 0.98 ± 0.02 in the analysis of a combination of overexpression of PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG. Thus, the expression analysis of the PCA3 and chimeric oncogene TMPRSS2:ERG in biopsy cannot be used for differential diagnosis of BPH, low and high grade PIN. However, overexpression of PCA3 and expression of TMPRSS2:ERG are characteristic in PCa. Expression analysis of these genes by the proposed RT-PCR modification at the threshold level deltaCt 3,22 has diagnostic accuracy 90% to detect PCa in biopsy specimens.
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Ledaki I, McIntyre A, Wigfield S, Buffa F, McGowan S, Baban D, Li JL, Harris AL. Carbonic anhydrase IX induction defines a heterogeneous cancer cell response to hypoxia and mediates stem cell-like properties and sensitivity to HDAC inhibition. Oncotarget 2015; 6:19413-27. [PMID: 26305601 PMCID: PMC4637295 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbonic anhydrase IX (CAIX) is strongly induced by hypoxia and its overexpression is associated with poor therapeutic outcome in cancer. Here, we report that hypoxia promotes tumour heterogeneity through the epigenetic regulation of CAIX. Based on hypoxic CAIX expression we identify and characterize two distinct populations of tumour cells, one that has inducible expression of CAIX and one that does not. The CAIX+ve population is enriched with cells expressing cancer stem cell markers and which have high self-renewal capacity. We show that differential CAIX expression is due to differences in chromatin structure. To further investigate the relationship between chromatin organization and hypoxic induction of CAIX expression we investigated the effect of JQ1 an inhibitor of BET bromodomain proteins and A366 a selective inhibitor of the H3K9 methyltransferase G9a/GLP. We identified that these drugs were able to modulate hypoxic CAIX expression induction. This further highlights the role of epigenetic modification in adaption to hypoxia and also in regulation of heterogeneity of cells within tumours. Interestingly, we identified that the two subpopulations show a differential sensitivity to HDAC inhibitors, NaBu or SAHA, with the CAIX positive showing greater sensitivity to treatment. We propose that drugs modulating chromatin regulation of expression may be used to reduce heterogeneity induced by hypoxia and could in combination have significant clinical consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Ledaki
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Alan McIntyre
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon Wigfield
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Francesca Buffa
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Simon McGowan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Dilair Baban
- High Throughput Genomics, Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ji-liang Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
| | - Adrian L. Harris
- Molecular Oncology Laboratories, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Oxford, UK
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Lerut E, Van Poppel H, Joniau S, Gruselle O, Coche T, Therasse P. Rates of MAGE-A3 and PRAME expressing tumors in FFPE tissue specimens from bladder cancer patients: potential targets for antigen-specific cancer immunotherapeutics. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2015; 8:9522-9532. [PMID: 26464715 PMCID: PMC4583947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Antigen-specific active immunotherapy is an investigational therapeutic approach of potential interest for bladder cancer regardless of disease stage. Clinical development of antigen-specific immunotherapeutics against bladder cancer must be preceded by assessment of the expression of relevant genes in bladder tumors. The objectives of this study (NCT01706185) were to assess the rate of expression of the MAGE-A3 and PRAME genes in bladder tumors and to investigate the feasibility of using formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tumor tissues for testing. MATERIALS AND METHODS Archived FFPE bladder tumor specimens (any stage) were tested for mRNA expression of MAGE-A3 and PRAME using antigen-specific quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction assays. Data on patients and tumor characteristics were obtained from hospital records to investigate these characteristics' possible association with the antigen expression. RESULTS Over 92% of the 156 tumors examined gave valid antigen test results. Of the tumors with a valid test, 46.5% were MAGE-A3-positive, 32.2% were PRAME-positive and 59.7% positive for at least one of them. Exploratory analyses of possible associations between antigen expression and patient or tumor characteristics did not identify clear associations between antigen expression and any of the variables investigated. CONCLUSIONS Assessment of tumor antigen mRNA expression by using FFPE bladder tissues was feasible. The rates of MAGE-A3-positive and PRAME-positive tumors indicate that both antigens may be interesting targets for immunotherapeutics against bladder cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelyne Lerut
- Department of Pathology, University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
| | | | - Steven Joniau
- Department of Urology, University Hospitals LeuvenLeuven, Belgium
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Ryu H, Yoshida MM, Sridharan V, Kumagai A, Dunphy WG, Dasso M, Azuma Y. SUMOylation of the C-terminal domain of DNA topoisomerase IIα regulates the centromeric localization of Claspin. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:2777-84. [PMID: 26131587 PMCID: PMC4614044 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1066537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2015] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase II (TopoII) regulates DNA topology by its strand passaging reaction, which is required for genome maintenance by resolving tangled genomic DNA. In addition, TopoII contributes to the structural integrity of mitotic chromosomes and to the activation of cell cycle checkpoints in mitosis. Post-translational modification of TopoII is one of the key mechanisms by which its broad functions are regulated during mitosis. SUMOylation of TopoII is conserved in eukaryotes and plays a critical role in chromosome segregation. Using Xenopus laevis egg extract, we demonstrated previously that TopoIIα is modified by SUMO on mitotic chromosomes and that its activity is modulated via SUMOylation of its lysine at 660. However, both biochemical and genetic analyses indicated that TopoII has multiple SUMOylation sites in addition to Lys660, and the functions of the other SUMOylation sites were not clearly determined. In this study, we identified the SUMOylation sites on the C-terminal domain (CTD) of TopoIIα. CTD SUMOylation did not affect TopoIIα activity, indicating that its function is distinct from that of Lys660 SUMOylation. We found that CTD SUMOylation promotes protein binding and that Claspin, a well-established cell cycle checkpoint mediator, is one of the SUMOylation-dependent binding proteins. Claspin harbors 2 SUMO-interacting motifs (SIMs), and its robust association to mitotic chromosomes requires both the SIMs and TopoIIα-CTD SUMOylation. Claspin localizes to the mitotic centromeres depending on mitotic SUMOylation, suggesting that TopoIIα-CTD SUMOylation regulates the centromeric localization of Claspin. Our findings provide a novel mechanistic insight regarding how TopoIIα-CTD SUMOylation contributes to mitotic centromere activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyunju Ryu
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; University of Kansas; Lawrence, KS USA
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development; NICHD, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
- Current affiliation: Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology; Johns Hopkins University; Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Makoto M Yoshida
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; University of Kansas; Lawrence, KS USA
| | - Vinidhra Sridharan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; University of Kansas; Lawrence, KS USA
| | - Akiko Kumagai
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA USA
| | - William G Dunphy
- Division of Biology and Biological Engineering; California Institute of Technology; Pasadena, CA USA
| | - Mary Dasso
- Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Development; NICHD, National Institutes of Health; Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Yoshiaki Azuma
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; University of Kansas; Lawrence, KS USA
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Shida A, Futawatari N, Fukuyama T, Ichiki Y, Takahashi Y, Nishi Y, Kobayashi N, Yamazaki H, Watanabe M. Frequent High Expression of Kita-Kyushu Lung Cancer Antigen-1 (KK-LC-1) in Gastric Cancer. Anticancer Res 2015; 35:3575-3579. [PMID: 26026129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tumor-associated antigen Kita-Kyushu lung cancer antigen-1 (KK-LC-1) has been reported as not being expressed in normal tissues, except for the testis, and in the setting of non-small cell lung cancer. The present study demonstrated that KK-LC-1 is expressed in gastric cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the expression of KK-LC-1 and cancer/testis antigens (CTAs) in surgical specimens of 49 gastric carcinomas. The expression of KK-LC-1 and CTAs was assessed using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS KK-LC-1 expression was observed in gastric carcinomas. The number of lesions with expression of KK-LC-1, Melanoma antigen gene encoding-A1 (MAGE-A1), MAGE-A3 and New York Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma-1 (NY-ESO-1) was 40 (81.6%), 17 (34.7%), 22 (44.9%) and 8 (16.3%) out of the 49 specimens, respectively. CONCLUSION KK-LC-1 should be categorized as a CTA. The frequency of KK-LC-1 expression was higher than that of the other CTAs. KK-LC-1 might be a useful target for immunotherapy and in diagnosis of gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akiko Shida
- Division of Surgery, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan Division of Surgery, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Nobue Futawatari
- Division of Surgery, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan Division of Surgery, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Fukuyama
- Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yoshinobu Ichiki
- Second Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Occupational and Environmental Health, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Takahashi
- Division of Surgery, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yatsushi Nishi
- Division of Surgery, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan
| | - Noritada Kobayashi
- Division of Biomedical Research, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamazaki
- Division of Pathology, Kitasato University Medical Center, Kitamoto, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masahiko Watanabe
- Division of Surgery, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
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50
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de Winde CM, Zuidscherwoude M, Vasaturo A, van der Schaaf A, Figdor CG, van Spriel AB. Multispectral imaging reveals the tissue distribution of tetraspanins in human lymphoid organs. Histochem Cell Biol 2015; 144:133-46. [PMID: 25952155 PMCID: PMC4522275 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-015-1326-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Multispectral imaging is a novel microscopy technique that combines imaging with spectroscopy to obtain both quantitative expression data and tissue distribution of different cellular markers. Tetraspanins CD37 and CD53 are four-transmembrane proteins involved in cellular and humoral immune responses. However, comprehensive immunohistochemical analyses of CD37 and CD53 in human lymphoid organs have not been performed so far. We investigated CD37 and CD53 protein expression on primary human immune cell subsets in blood and in primary and secondary lymphoid organs. Both tetraspanins were prominently expressed on antigen-presenting cells, with highest expression of CD37 on B lymphocytes. Analysis of subcellular distribution showed presence of both tetraspanins on the plasma membrane and on endosomes. In addition, CD53 was also present on lysosomes. Quantitative analysis of expression and localization of CD37 and CD53 on lymphocytes within lymphoid tissues by multispectral imaging revealed high expression of both tetraspanins on CD20+ cells in B cell follicles in human spleen and appendix. CD3+ T cells within splenic T cell zones expressed lower levels of CD37 and CD53 compared to T cells in the red pulp of human spleen. B cells in human bone marrow highly expressed CD37, whereas the expression of CD53 was low. In conclusion, we demonstrate differential expression of CD37 and CD53 on primary human immune cells, their subcellular localization and their quantitative distribution in human lymphoid organs. This study provides a solid basis for better insight into the function of tetraspanins in the human immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte M. de Winde
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Malou Zuidscherwoude
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Vasaturo
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alie van der Schaaf
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Carl G. Figdor
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Annemiek B. van Spriel
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Geert Grooteplein-Zuid 26, 6525 GA Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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