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Abstract
The cutting effectiveness of the burs decreased with time. While the multivariate analysis of variance showed an overall difference among the three groups, these differences appeared to be due to the shape of the curves (the linear and quadratic components) rather than to their average location (the mean). Therefore there were no significant differences in cutting among the three types of burs tested. The SEM photomicrographs showed that there was no gross bur damage after the burs were used for cutting tooth structure. The cutting mechanism of a carbide bur on tooth structure needs further investigation.
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202
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Chan KC, Boyer DB, Reinhardt JW. Comparison of the retentive strength of two cast gold pin techniques. J Prosthet Dent 1979; 42:527-9. [PMID: 385851 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(79)90246-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The retention contributed by the use of pins with gold castings can be substantially increased by the technique of placing a threaded pin in the dentin and making a casting with a threaded receptacle to fit the pin. The basis for the improvement is the greater retention of threaded pins to dentin compared to that of smooth, cemented pins that are part of the casting. The limitation on the retention achieved with the new technique is the cohesive strength of the cement. Zinc phosphate cement provided the highest retention, and EBA and polycarboxylate cements provided lower and similar retention when threaded pins were cemented to threaded receptacles.
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203
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204
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Reinhardt JW, Denehy GE, Chan KC. Acid etch bonded cast orthodontic retainers. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS 1979; 75:138-42. [PMID: 369383 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9416(79)90182-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We have described a technique which involves the use of a cast orthodontic retaining appliance bonded by the acid etch technique and composite resin for semipermanent retention. The technique provides an alternative form of treatment which offers some unique advantages over previous retentive techniques.
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205
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Abstract
All three types of self-threading plus cause dentinal crazing. The frequency and degree of damage done to the dentin varies significantly between the three types of pins and depends upon the differences in the diameters of the drill and the pin. When two or more pins are placed in dentin, the potential for dentinal damage increases. Minikin pins (0.019-inch diameter) caused the least damage, in terms of both degree and frequency. The optimum and safe interpin distance using Minikin pins suggested by this study is 3 mm. Minim and Regular pins (0.023- and 0.031-inch diameters, respectively) caused more injury than Minikin pins. The Regular pins showed more damaging effects on dentin than Minim pins, both in terms of degree and frequency. On the basis of this study, the minimum interpin distance using Minim or Regular pins should be 5 mm. These minimum interpin distances are applicable only in situations where the dentin is not dehydrated or embrittled due to endodontic treatment. In teeth that have been endodontically treated, it would be advisable to use only the smallest self-threading pins and possibly increase the interpin distance if two or more pins are to be used.
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206
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207
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Boyer DB, Chan KC, Svare CW, Bramson JB. The effect of finishing on the anodic polarization of high-copper amalgams. J Oral Rehabil 1978; 5:223-8. [PMID: 279649 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2842.1978.tb01239.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The influence of surface finishing procedures on the corrodibility of high-copper amalgams was measured. Anodic polarization curves were determined in Ringer's solution for amalgam samples made from a dispersion and a ternary alloy. Three types of finishes were compared: as carved, burnished, and polished. The polarization curves of the burnished and polished specimens were statistically similar (P greater than 0.05) at all potentials investigated. The carved samples exhibited higher corrosion currents at most of the potentials investigated.
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208
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Boyer DB, Chan KC. The effect of surface finish on the anodic polarization of a conventional spherical amalgam. JOURNAL OF BIOMEDICAL MATERIALS RESEARCH 1978; 12:541-5. [PMID: 681373 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.820120409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The corrosion of carved, burnished, polished, and burnished--polished samples of a conventional spherical amalgam was studied by anodic polarization in Ringer's solution. The effect of the variation of the mercury content from 40 to 60 wt% on the corrosion of burnished or polished samples was also investigated. It was found that burnished and burnished--polished samples corrode the least and carved samples the most. The current-density peak associated with gamma2 was of greater magnitude in polished specimens than in burnished specimens throughout the range of mercury concentrations investigated. It is hypothesized that lower porosity and more ready passivation of the surface due to a high amount of gamma2 are the reasons that burnished samples corroded less than polished samples in this anodic polarization test.
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209
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Abstract
Cavity preparations that are finished with hand instruments allow significantly less marginal leakage than those which are completed only with rotary instruments. This does not mean that hand-instruments walls are perfectly smooth; it only means that these walls allow less marginal leakage. Cavity preparations restored with composite resin showed more marginal leakage than those restored with amalgam. Also, the degree of marginal leakage was greater in cavity preparations restored with composite resin than in those restored with amalgam. Cavity preparations are more prone to marginal leakage at sharply defined cavosurface acute angles than at the smooth or straight surfaces of the cavity. This pattern of marginal leakage was true for both amalgam restorations and composite restorations, but the degree of marginal leakage was greater when composite resin was used as a restorative material. Since less marginal leakage was found in the finished cavity preparations, it is obvious that all cavity preparations must be finished with hand instruments. This may not completely eliminate the problem of marginal leakage, but it will reduce the potential secondary caries both in degree and frequency. Also, since sharply defined acute angles did exhibit more marginal leakage, this part of the cavity preparation needs special attention. With amalgam and composite restorations at least, these angles should not be sharply defined but should be slightly round, so that better condensation of restorative materials can be obtained. This may reduce the degree of marginal leakage.
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210
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Edie JW, Boyer DB, Chan KC. Estimation of the phase distribution in dental amalgam with the electron microprobe. J Dent Res 1978; 57:277-82. [PMID: 277523 DOI: 10.1177/00220345780570022301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The phase distributions of several dental amalgams have been determined by two methods: calculation from elemental analysis data obtained with the microprobe, and measurement of phase areas on backscattered electron photographs with the image analyzer. The results of these methods agree, in general, with the distributions predicted by the stoichiometric equations.
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211
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Boyer DB, Edie JW, Chan KC. Effect of surface preparation on phase distribution of amalgam surfaces. J Dent Res 1978; 57:271-6. [PMID: 277522 DOI: 10.1177/00220345780570022201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several types of amalgams were prepared with carved, burnished, or polished surfaces. Elemental analyses were made of these surfaces with the electron microprobe and the phase fractions were calculated from these data. The phase distributions were found to vary with the technique of finishing.
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212
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Abstract
Composite resin surfaces that formed against a plastic matrix or that polymerized while exposed to air were excellent substrates for the adhesion of new resin. Samples formed by the addition of composite resin to a cut surface had a tensile strength of one half of the cohesive strength of the resin. Coating the cut surface with a thin layer of unfilled resin enhanced bonding of the second composite resin layer. The use of a thin layer of unfilled catalyst resin as a bonding agent caused the most rapid development of strength and the greatest strength in samples tested after 7 days.
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213
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214
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Chan KC, Fuller JL, Khowassah MA. The adaptation of new amalgam and composite resins to pins. J Prosthet Dent 1977; 38:392-5. [PMID: 269277 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(77)90091-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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215
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Chan KC, Edie JW, Svare CW. Scanning electron microscope study of marginal adaptation of amalgam in restoration finishing techniques. J Prosthet Dent 1977; 38:165-8. [PMID: 268427 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(77)90283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Voids and gaps between the surfaces of the amalgam and the cavity preparation were apparent in the carved and the polished samples. These spaces in the burnished specimens were filled with an amorphous bulk of amalgam apparently caused by the burnishing process. Since the margins of burnished amalgam restorations have been shown to leak less than those of carved and polished specimens, it is hypothesized that this is due to the improved marginal adaptation attained through the burnishing process.
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216
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Chan KC, Fuller JL. Simplified soldering of cast gold contacts. DENTAL SURVEY 1977; 53:31-2. [PMID: 38151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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217
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Abstract
The polished amalgam surface was smoother than the burnished and the carved surfaces. The burnished surface was smoother than the carved surface. The granular structures on the burnished amalgam surface were found to be of tin-mercury alloy. Polishing appears to be the best finishing technique for amalgam restorations, and there is no substitute for it.
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218
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Chan KC. The role of the Family Planning Association in Hong Kong's fertility decline. Stud Fam Plann 1976; 7:284-9. [PMID: 973243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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219
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Chan KC, Svare CW, Horton DJ. The effect of varnish on dentinal bonding strength of five dental cements. J Prosthet Dent 1976; 35:403-6. [PMID: 768463 DOI: 10.1016/0022-3913(76)90007-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
1. The following dental cements are listed in order of decreasing mean bonding strenghts on varnish-free dentin: polycarboxylate, zinc phosphate, EBA, Fynal, and CBA. 2. The application of either Copalite or Varnal decreased the dentinal bonding strength of polycarboxylate and zinc phosphate cements. There was no change for CBA cement. 3. The application of Copalite and Varnal increased the dentinal bonding strength for Fynal to the level of zinc phosphate cement on varnish-free dentin. 4. The dentinal bonding strength of EBA cement increased with the application of Varnal but not with Copalite.
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220
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Goh SH, Chan KC, Chong HL. Dicarbenes. Dicarbenoid species from the reaction of 1,3-Bis(diazomethyl)benzene with zinc halides. Aust J Chem 1976. [DOI: 10.1071/ch9761699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of
1,3-bis(diazomethy1)benzene with zinc halides in diethyl ether and
tetrahydrofuran gave dicarbenoid intermediates which could be trapped by
olefins to give moderate yields of dicyclopropylderivatives. Insertion into
a-C-H bonds of the ethereal solvents occurs in the absence of olefins. The
dicarbenoid species m-C6H4(CHIZnI)2 in
tetrahydrofuran was found to have a half-life of about 4h at 0�C.
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221
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Guccione P, Frank CW, Svare CW, Karlsson U, Chan KC. Distribution of mercury in the rat after long-term exposure to vapors. J Dent Res 1975; 54:1235. [PMID: 1059666 DOI: 10.1177/00220345750540062501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
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222
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Chan KC, Andreasen GF. Conservative retention for spaced maxillary central incisors. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF ORTHODONTICS 1975; 67:324-9. [PMID: 1092180 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9416(75)90054-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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223
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224
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Chan KC, Svare CW, Williams RH, Khowassah MA. Comparison of the retentive property and dentinal crazing ability of retention pins and machinist's taps. J Dent Res 1974; 53:1425-7. [PMID: 4529932 DOI: 10.1177/00220345740530062201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
A comparison was made of the dentinal crazing formation and pull-out strength of conventional retention pins and modified machinist's taps. Modified machinist's taps produced less dentinal crazing in wet, fresh, and dried dentin than the conventional retention pins. Modified taps have sufficient pull-out strength to retain restorations on teeth with fresh dentin, in clinical situations.
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225
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Chan KC, Denehy GE, Ivey DM. Effect of various retention pin insertion techniques on dentinal crazing. J Dent Res 1974; 53:941. [PMID: 4526333 DOI: 10.1177/00220345740530043401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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226
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Chan KC, Goh SH, Teoh SE, Wong WH. Radical nature of the reaction of 4-nitrobenzal chloride with sodium hydroxide. Aust J Chem 1974. [DOI: 10.1071/ch9740421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of
4-nitrobenzal chloride with sodium hydroxide in aqueous methanol gave products which
can be accounted for as arising from the dimerization and cross-coupling of the
radicals 4-O2NC6H4CCl2 and 4-O2NC6H4CHCl.
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227
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Chan KC, Svare CW, Williams BH. A report of the dentinal crazing producing rate between TMS pins and machinist's taps. IOWA DENTAL BULLETIN 1973; 59:30-1. [PMID: 4519880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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228
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Aw SE, Chan KC. A trophoblastic antigen present in the sera of pregnant women. Med J Aust 1973; 2:119-21. [PMID: 4125842 DOI: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1973.tb128695.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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229
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Svare CW, Frank CW, Chan KC. Quantitative measure of mercury vapor emission from setting dental amalgam. J Dent Res 1973; 52:740-3. [PMID: 4515854 DOI: 10.1177/00220345730520041601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rate of mercury vapor emission from setting dental amalgam was measured by use of an ultraviolet light absorption technique under nondiffusion-controlled conditions. An average of 0.3 X 10-6 gm mercury per square centimeter was emitted at the experimental temperature. At 37 C, this amount was estimated to be 1.2 × 10 -6 gm/ cm2.
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230
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Svare CW, Hunt RJ, Chan KC. Effect of retainer margin and distribution of mercury on dental amalgem mercury vaporization patterns. J Dent Res 1973; 52:217-20. [PMID: 4511301 DOI: 10.1177/00220345730520020501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The results of this study showed that mercury vaporization patterns were not related directly to specimen postset mercury distribution. During the setting process, amalgam specimen retainer configurations affected these patterns significantly.
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231
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Chan KC, Svare CW. Comparison of the dentinal crazing ability of retention pins and machinist's taps. J Dent Res 1973; 52:178. [PMID: 4509494 DOI: 10.1177/00220345730520011601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
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232
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Chan KC. [Effects of cardiovascular responses of intravenous anesthetic agents on hemodynamics anesthesia for cardioversion]. MASUI. THE JAPANESE JOURNAL OF ANESTHESIOLOGY 1972; 21:1091-102. [PMID: 4674736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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233
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Denehy GE, Chan KC. Better amalgams through burnishing. DENTAL DIGEST 1972; 78:410-3. [PMID: 4504921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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234
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Hilker DM, Fujikawa M, Chan KC. Composition and digestibility of long rice. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN DIETETIC ASSOCIATION 1972; 60:315-6. [PMID: 5060690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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235
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Abstract
The patterns of mercury vapor emission from carved, burnished, and polished surfaces made from four commonly used dental amalgam alloys were determined with the use of a selenium sulfide detection method. Mercury vapor was emitted more intensely from the marginal region; carved and burnished surfaces emitted the same amount. There was a difference in the amounts emitted from the different alloys tested.
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236
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Svare CW, Chan KC, Lowery BC. Relationship between dental amalgam mercury content and emission. J Dent Res 1972; 51:202. [PMID: 4500423 DOI: 10.1177/00220345720510011601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
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237
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Abstract
Potentiostatic anodic polarization data for unfinished, burnished, and polished amalgam surfaces were taken. From the standpoint of corrodibility, these tests indicated that physically improved amalgam restorations can be obtained by burnishing rather than by polishing or leaving amalgam carved and unfinished.
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238
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Chan KC. Hong Kong: report of the IUD reassurance project. Stud Fam Plann 1971; 2:225-33. [PMID: 5164398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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239
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Chan KC. Hong Kong: oral contraceptive follow-up study. Stud Fam Plann 1971; 2:70-4. [PMID: 5113347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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240
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Khowassah MA, Chan KC. A preliminary report on the adaptation of conventional and spherical dental alloys to the self threading retaining pins. THE IOWA DENTAL JOURNAL 1969; 55:42-3. [PMID: 5254763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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241
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Chan KC, Teo LE. A new phytochemical survey of Malaya. II. Chemical screening. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 1969; 17:1284-9. [PMID: 5804471 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.17.1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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242
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243
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Chan KC, Evans MT, Hassall CH, Sangster AM. Biosynthesis of phenols. 13. Structural relationships of alkaloids of Demerara greenheart. JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 1 1967; 23:2479-88. [PMID: 5624753 DOI: 10.1039/j39670002479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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244
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Chan KC, Sahs EA. Tests of the use of epoxy resins as adhesives in dentistry. THE IOWA DENTAL JOURNAL 1966; 54:30-2. [PMID: 5221510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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245
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Chan KC, Morsingh F, Yeoh GB. Alkaloids of Uncaria pteropoda. Isolation and structures of pteropodine and isopteropodine. JOURNAL OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY. PERKIN TRANSACTIONS 1 1966; 24:2245-9. [PMID: 5951109 DOI: 10.1039/j39660002245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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