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Ogino R, Hosono M, Ishii K, Tsutsumi S, Nakada R, Tatsumi D, Tada T, Takada Y, Kawai M, Miki Y. VOLUMETRIC MODULATED ARC THERAPY (VMAT) WITHOUT BODY-FRAME FOR PORTAL VEIN THROMBUS OF HEPATOCELLULAR CARCINOMA. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)73115-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Nishida S, Hagihara K, Shima Y, Kawai M, Kuwahara Y, Arimitsu J, Hirano T, Narazaki M, Ogata A, Yoshizaki K, Kawase I, Kishimoto T, Tanaka T. Rapid improvement of AA amyloidosis with humanised anti-interleukin 6 receptor antibody treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 2009; 68:1235-6. [PMID: 19525413 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2008.099267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Yamaue H, Miyazawa M, Ohsawa R, Tani M, Kawai M, Hirono S, Ina S, Tsunoda T, Nakamura Y. Phase I clinical trial with VEGFR2-epitope peptide and gemcitabine for patients with advanced pancreatic cancer. J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.2567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2567 Background: The prognosis of pancreatic cancer patients is one of the most dismal of all cancers. Gemcitabine is a potent anticancer drug for pancreatic cancer, however, one should consider that the clinical benefit of anticancer drugs is limited and other potent therapeutic tool is eagerly awaited. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a glycoprotein which is predominantly related to the neoplastic angiogenesis. VEGF-receptor 2 (VEGFR2; Flk-1 and KDR) is an essential target for tumor angiogenesis. We first identify the epitope peptides of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and confirmed that stimulation using these peptides induces CTLs with potent cytotoxicity in HLA class I-restricted fashion. Methods: We proceeded to Phase I clinical trial using gemcitabine and one of these peptides. Patients were sequentially allocated to cohorts of 6 patients per group receiving 0.5, 1.0, 2.0mg of peptides/body. No intra-patient dose escalation was permitted. The eligibility criteria are: being aged between 20- and 80- year old, expecting the survival more than 3 months after the initiation of this treatment, adequate organ function including bone marrow function, and having HLA-A*2402 (A24) genotype. The enrolled patients received 4 cycles of VEGFR2 peptide sc. and 3 cycles of 1,000 mg/m2 gemcitabine weekly. Results: No patients had grade 3 and 4 toxicity, and dose escalation was succeeded without any DLT. CTL response was observed in 50%, 67%, and 67% of 0.5mg, 1.0mg, and 2.0mg cohort, respectively. The delayed type hypersensitivity of the peptide-injection site was recognized in 83%, 67%, and 100% of 0.5mg, 1.0mg, and 2.0mg cohort, respectively. Therefore, we concluded that MTD should be 2.0mg of peptide. Disease control rate (>SD) was 67% (12/18 patients), and one patient had PR. The median survival time was 8.72 months. Conclusions: These results are promising to proceed the pivotal clinical trial, and the randomized phase II/III trial will start in 2009. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Honda O, Kawai M, Gyobu T, Kawata Y, Johkoh T, Sekiguchi J, Tomiyama N, Yoshida S, Sumikawa H, Inoue A, Yanagawa M, Daimon T, Nakamura H. Reproducibility of temporal volume change in CT of lung cancer: comparison of computer software and manual assessment. Br J Radiol 2009; 82:742-7. [PMID: 19332515 DOI: 10.1259/bjr/67746844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the reproducibility of volumetric software evaluation and manual evaluation of tumour growth. Three observers manually evaluated whether tumour volume was increasing, if it was unchanged, or if it had decreased in size in 2 serial CT examinations of 45 solid lung cancers. The tumour volumes were calculated 3 times using volumetric software and were evaluated using the same classifications as for manual evaluation. Both data sets were divided into three groups: growth or reduction with consistency among all three evaluations (group A), growth or reduction with consistency between only two evaluations (group B), and others (group C). The volume variation and relative volume variation were calculated from the median volumes measured by volumetric software. Although all 45 tumours were categorised in group A by volumetric software, only 21 tumours were categorised in group A by manual assessment. The relative volume variation of the manual assessment was 88.5 +/- 76.5%, 20.8 +/- 28.3% and 12.9 +/- 12.8% in group A, B and C, respectively. Significant differences were found between groups A and B (p<0.01) and between groups A and C (p<0.001). Inconsistency is often seen in manual assessment; in contrast, evaluation using volumetric software has good reproducibility, even when the relative change in tumour volume is small.
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Tagami T, Kushimoto S, Masuno T, Tosa R, Yonezawa K, Hirama H, Imazu Y, Matsuda K, Yamamoto Y, Kawai M, Yokota H. Validation of the extravascular lung water by single transpulmonary thermodilution in the clinical setting. Crit Care 2009. [PMCID: PMC4084112 DOI: 10.1186/cc7390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Kawai M, Yamamura H, Tanaka R, Umemoto H, Ohmizo C, Higuchi S, Katsu T. Proline residue-modified polycationic analogs of gramicidin S with high antibacterial activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and low hemolytic activity*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 65:98-104. [PMID: 15686540 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.2004.00204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Novel polycationic analogs of the cyclic decapeptide antibiotic, gramicidin S, possessing NH(2), D/L-Phe-NH or L-Lys-NH groups at the 4alpha- or 4beta-positions of the L-Pro residues, were synthesized. While L-Pro(4alpha/beta-NH(2))-containing analogs exhibited much weaker antibacterial activity, the D/L-Phe and L-Lys-substituted analogs exhibited higher antibacterial activity against Gram-negative bacteria than the parent gramicidin S. All of these additional amino group-containing analogs showed substantially reduced toxicity against human blood cells.
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Kawai M, Hagihara K, Hirano T, Shima Y, Kuwahara Y, Arimitsu J, Narazaki M, Ogata A, Kawase I, Kishimoto T, Tanaka T. Sustained response to tocilizumab, anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody, in two patients with refractory relapsing polychondritis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 48:318-9. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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108
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Kobayashi M, Hiruma M, Matsushita A, Kawai M, Ogawa H, Udagawa S. Cutaneous zygomycosis: a case report and review of Japanese reports. Mycoses 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0507.2001.00642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Matsumura T, Tamura T, Kuru S, Kikuchi Y, Kawai M. T.P.5.09 Carvedilol can reduce cardiac events in Duchenne muscular dystrophy. Neuromuscul Disord 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2008.06.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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110
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Iwata Y, Tsuchiya KJ, Mikawa S, Nakamura K, Takai Y, Suda S, Sekine Y, Suzuki K, Kawai M, Sugihara G, Matsuzaki H, Hashimoto K, Tsujii M, Sugiyama T, Takei N, Mori N. Serum levels of P-selectin in men with high-functioning autism. Br J Psychiatry 2008; 193:338-9. [PMID: 18827301 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.043497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Immune dysfunction has been proposed as a mechanism for the pathophysiology of autistic-spectrum disorders. The selectin family of adhesion molecules plays a prominent role in immune/inflammatory responses. We determined the serum levels of three types of soluble-form selectin (sP, sL and sE) in 15 men with high-functioning autism and 22 age-matched healthy controls by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Levels of sP-selectin and sL-selectin were significantly lower in patients than in controls. Furthermore, sP-selectin levels were negatively correlated with impaired social development during early childhood.
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Fujita Y, Hiramatsu M, Kawai M, Sumiyoshi K, Nishimura H, Tanigawa N. Evaluation of combined docetaxel and nedaplatin chemotherapy for recurrent esophageal cancer compared with conventional chemotherapy using cisplatin and 5-fluorouracil: a retrospective study. Dis Esophagus 2008; 21:496-501. [PMID: 18840134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-2050.2007.00806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
This retrospective study evaluated the safety and efficacy of combination chemotherapy using docetaxel and nedaplatin in an outpatient setting compared with those of chemotherapy using cisplatin (CDDP) and 5-Fu under hospitalization. Subjects comprised 21 patients who had been diagnosed with recurrent esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), with 10 patients receiving combination chemotherapy comprising CDDP and 5-fluorouracil (5-Fu) under hospitalization (FP group; n = 10), and 11 patients receiving combination chemotherapy comprising docetaxel and nedaplatin in an outpatient setting (Doc/Ned group; n = 11). In the Doc/Ned group, patients received 30 mg/m(2) of docetaxel over a 1-h infusion on day 1, followed by 40 mg/m(2) of nedaplatin over a 2-h infusion on day 1 in an outpatient setting. In the Doc/Ned group, complete response was observed in two patients (18.1%), one with liver metastasis and one with abdominal lymph node metastasis, and two (18.1%) achieved partial response. In contrast, no complete responses were obtained in the FP group, and partial response was observed in only one patient (10.0%) with local recurrence. Response rates were thus 36.3% for the Doc/Ned group and 10.0% for the FP group. With a median follow-up of 234 days in the Doc/Ned group and 279 days in the FP group, median survival time (MST) was 234 days in the Doc/Ned group and 378 days in the FP group. No significant differences in MST were identified between groups. Thus regimen based on docetaxel and nedaplatin allows administration on an outpatient basis and appears feasible for recurrent ESCC as a second-line chemotherapy.
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Fujita Y, Hiramatsu M, Kawai M, Tashiro K, Umegaki E, Tokioka S, Egashira Y, Higuchi K, Tanigawa N. Successful treatment for hypopharyngeal cancer in a patient with superficial esophageal cancer by endoscopic submucosal dissection. Endoscopy 2008; 40 Suppl 2:E189-90. [PMID: 18709610 DOI: 10.1055/s-2007-995570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
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113
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Suzuki S, Satoh T, Sato S, Otomo M, Hirayama Y, Sato H, Kawai M, Ishihara T, Suzuki N, Kuwana M. Clinical utility of anti-signal recognition particle antibody in the differential diagnosis of myopathies. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 47:1539-42. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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114
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Suzuki S, Kajiyama H, Shibata K, Ino K, Nawa A, Sakakibara K, Matsuzawa K, Takeda A, Kinoshita Y, Kawai M, Nagasaka T, Kikkawa F. Is there any association between retroperitoneal lymphadenectomy and survival benefit in ovarian clear cell carcinoma patients? Ann Oncol 2008; 19:1284-1287. [PMID: 18356137 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdn059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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115
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Mao XQ, Shirakawa T, Kawai M, Enomoto T, Sasaki S, Dake Y, Kitano H, Hagihara A, Hopkin JM, Morimoto K. Association between asthma and an intragenic variant of CC16 on chromosome 11q13. Clin Genet 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.1998.tb02582.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kuwahara Y, Shima Y, Shirayama D, Kawai M, Hagihara K, Hirano T, Arimitsu J, Ogata A, Tanaka T, Kawase I. Quantification of hardness, elasticity and viscosity of the skin of patients with systemic sclerosis using a novel sensing device (Vesmeter): a proposal for a new outcome measurement procedure. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2008; 47:1018-24. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ken145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Kitamura E, Miki Y, Kawai M, Itoh H, Yura S, Mori N, Sugimura K, Togashi K. T1 signal intensity and height of the anterior pituitary in neonates: correlation with postnatal time. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2008; 29:1257-60. [PMID: 18417600 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The anterior pituitary of a term neonate is usually hyperintense on T1-weighted MR images, which may represent histologic changes of the gland due to the effect of high estrogen levels during the fetal period; however, MR findings of a preterm neonate have not been fully evaluated. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether intensity and size of the neonatal anterior pituitary on MR images obtained near term of corrected age correlates with the gestational age at birth or postnatal time. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data of 88 consecutive neonates (gestational age, 24-41 weeks; mean, 31.5 weeks) were analyzed. All of the neonates underwent MR imaging at a corrected age of 0 months +/- 4 weeks. Relative signal intensity of the anterior pituitary compared with that of the pons on T1-weighted sagittal images was calculated. Height of the pituitary was also measured. Stepwise regression analysis was performed to evaluate the effects of gestational age at birth and postnatal time on the relative signal intensity and on the pituitary height. RESULTS The relative signal intensity significantly negatively correlated with postnatal time (P = .001) but not with gestational age at birth (P = .42). Pituitary height significantly negatively correlated with postnatal time (P = .049) but not with gestational age at birth (P = .071). CONCLUSION A significant negative correlation exists between postnatal time and signal intensity on T1-weighted MR images of the anterior pituitary obtained near term. A nonhyperintense anterior pituitary is a normal MR finding of preterm neonates when imaged near term.
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Hanada M, Kamada M, Akino N, Ebisawa N, Honda A, Kawai M, Kazawa M, Kikuchi K, Komata M, Mogaki K, Noto K, Ohshima K, Takenouchi T, Tanai Y, Usui K, Yamazaki H, Ikeda Y, Grisham LR. Long pulse production of high current D(-) ion beams in the JT-60 negative ion source. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2008; 79:02A519. [PMID: 18315140 DOI: 10.1063/1.2821508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The first long pulse production of high power D(-) ion beams has been demonstrated in the JT-60 U negative ion sources, each of which was designed to produce 22 A, 500 keV D(-) ion beams. Voltage holding capability and the grid power loading were examined for long pulse production of high power D(-) ion beams. From the correlation between voltage holding and the light intensity of cathodoluminescence from the Fiber Reinforced Plastic insulators, the acceleration voltage for stable voltage holding capability was found to be less than 320-340 kV where the light was sufficiently suppressed. By tuning the extraction voltage, the grid power loadings in the ion sources were decreased to the allowable levels for long pulse injection without a significant reduction of the beam power. After tuning the acceleration and extraction voltages, D(-) ion beams of 12.5 and 9.8 A were produced at 340 keV with cesium seeding at a rate of approximately 14 microg/s into the ion sources. The pulse duration of these D(-) ion beams was extended step by step, and then was successfully extended up to 18 s without degradation of the negative ion production. The D(-) ion beams were neutralized to yield 3.6 MW D(0) beams by a gas cell, and then injected into the JT-60 U plasma. Further, a slight reduction of D(-) ion beam power allowed the longer injection duration of 21 s at a D(0) beam power of 3.2 MW. The success in the long pulse production of a high power D(-) ion beam shows that negative ion beams can be produced during a few tens of seconds without degradations of negative ion production and the voltage holding in a large Cs-seeded negative ion source.
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Pirenne J, Kawai M, Kitade H, Koshiba T, Takahashi K, Aerts R, Monbaliu D, Coosemans W, Waer M. Intestinal transplantation: from the laboratory to the clinics. Acta Chir Belg 2008; 108:52-57. [PMID: 18411573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The intestine has long been seen as a "forbidden" organ to transplant. This is because the first attempts at Intestinal Transplantation (ITx) were defeated by rejection, technical problems, infection and graft versus host disease. Results of ITx have improved in the short-term (70 to 80% 1-year patient survival) but remain inferior to other solid organ transplants in the long-term (5 years patient survival of 50% or less). Reasons for this difference between intestine and other organ transplants are reviewed. Development of immunomodulatory protocols--e.g. protocols aiming at reducing the rejection response and facilitating engraftment--are described. Our center experience with a consecutive series of five intestinal transplants utilizing a new protolerogenic protocol and low immunosuppression is described. At time of writing, these five patients are rejection-free, nutritionally independent and lead a normal life.
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Wang Y, Ogawa Y, Dogru M, Kawai M, Tatematsu Y, Uchino M, Okada N, Igarashi A, Kujira A, Fujishima H, Okamoto S, Shimazaki J, Tsubota K. Ocular surface and tear functions after topical cyclosporine treatment in dry eye patients with chronic graft-versus-host disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 2007; 41:293-302. [DOI: 10.1038/sj.bmt.1705900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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121
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Kawai M, Kempsford R, Pullerits T, Takaori S, Hashimoto K, Takemoto Y, Lötvall J. Comparison of the efficacy of salmeterol/fluticasone propionate combination in Japanese and Caucasian asthmatics. Respir Med 2007; 101:2488-94. [PMID: 17900887 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2007.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2007] [Revised: 06/29/2007] [Accepted: 07/04/2007] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The effect of ethnicity on the efficacy of salmeterol (S)+fluticasone propionate (FP) has not been examined in Japanese and Caucasian asthmatics. In this study, the efficacy of combination treatment with S and FP from a single inhaler (SFC) was compared with concurrent treatment with S and FP administration from separate inhalers (S+FP) in Japanese and Caucasian asthmatics. METHODS This was a randomised, double-blind, crossover study in male and female Japanese (n=18) and Caucasian (n=17) asthmatics (50-100% predicted FEV(1); >35% reversibility in sGaw). Subjects received SFC (S 50 mcg/FP 250 mcg b.i.d.) and S+FP (S 50 mcg b.i.d.+FP 250 mcg b.i.d.) for 14 days. sGaw and FEV(1) were determined 0-12h after the first and last doses. RESULTS Treatment with both SFC and S+FP produced marked bronchodilation, which was maintained 0-12h after the first dose. Baseline sGaw and FEV(1) increased up to 51% and 180 mL, respectively, in Japanese subjects over 2 weeks of treatment, with similar improvements in Caucasian subjects. On Day 14 the 0-12h S+FP:SFC treatment ratios (90% CI) for sGaw AUC and peak were 1.05 (0.98, 1.12) and 1.05 (0.97, 1.14), respectively, in Japanese subjects, and 0.99 (0.92, 1.07) and 0.98 (0.89, 1.07), respectively, in Caucasian subjects, with no difference between the two ethnic groups. CONCLUSIONS The finding of a similar significant bronchodilator response in Japanese and Caucasian asthmatics following concurrent and combination treatment with salmeterol and FP suggests that the therapeutic response to these agents is comparable and independent of ethnicity in Japanese and Caucasian asthma patients.
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Noda S, Kitade O, Inoue T, Kawai M, Kanuka M, Hiroshima K, Hongoh Y, Constantino R, Uys V, Zhong J, Kudo T, Ohkuma M. Cospeciation in the triplex symbiosis of termite gut protists (Pseudotrichonympha spp.), their hosts, and their bacterial endosymbionts. Mol Ecol 2007; 16:1257-66. [PMID: 17391411 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2006.03219.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
A number of cophylogenetic relationships between two organisms namely a host and a symbiont or parasite have been studied to date; however, organismal interactions in nature usually involve multiple members. Here, we investigated the cospeciation of a triplex symbiotic system comprising a hierarchy of three organisms -- termites of the family Rhinotermitidae, cellulolytic protists of the genus Pseudotrichonympha in the guts of these termites, and intracellular bacterial symbionts of the protists. The molecular phylogeny was inferred based on two mitochondrial genes for the termites and nuclear small-subunit rRNA genes for the protists and their endosymbionts, and these were compared. Although intestinal microorganisms are generally considered to have looser associations with the host than intracellular symbionts, the Pseudotrichonympha protists showed almost complete codivergence with the host termites, probably due to strict transmissions by proctodeal trophallaxis or coprophagy based on the social behaviour of the termites. Except for one case, the endosymbiotic bacteria of the protists formed a monophyletic lineage in the order Bacteroidales, and the branching pattern was almost identical to those of the protists and the termites. However, some non-codivergent evolutionary events were evident. The members of this triplex symbiotic system appear to have cospeciated during their evolution with minor exceptions; the evolutionary relationships were probably established by termite sociality and the complex microbial community in the gut.
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Imada T, Zai H, Kusano M, Fujita S, Kawai M, Okiyama A, Shimoyama Y, Maeda M, Nagoshi A, Higuchi T, Kuribayashi S, Kawamura O, Mori M, Tanaka T, Uneyama H. Effect of dietary-free glutamate on gastric emptying rate and postprandial sensation for protein-rich liquid diet. Appetite 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2007.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Aze T, Fujimura M, Matsumura H, Masumoto K, Nakao N, Matsuzaki H, Nagai H, Kawai M. Measurement of the production rates of 36Cl from Cl, K, and Ca in concrete at the 500 MeV neutron irradiation facility at KENS. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-007-0609-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Imokawa G, Akasaki S, Kuno O, Zama M, Kawai M, Minematsu Y, Hattori M, Yoshizuka N, Kawamata A, Yano S, Takaishi N. FUNCTIONS OF LIPIDS ON HUMAN SKIN. J DISPER SCI TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/01932698908943190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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