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Frenkel D, Balass M, Solomon B. N-terminal EFRH sequence of Alzheimer's beta-amyloid peptide represents the epitope of its anti-aggregating antibodies. J Neuroimmunol 1998; 88:85-90. [PMID: 9688328 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-5728(98)00098-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Monoclonal antibodies 6C6 and 10D5 raised against the N-terminal of beta-amyloid peptide interfere with the formation of beta-amyloid and trigger reversal to its non-toxic components. The epitopes of these antibodies were localized employing a library composed of filamentous phage displaying random combinatorial hexapeptides. Among 44 positive phage-clones, selected from the library by both antibodies, 40 clones carried the consensus sequence EFRH. These EFRH phage-clones bind specifically mAbs 6C6 or 10D5 with an apparent binding constant of approximately 10(-9) M. The peptide EFRH inhibits binding of mAbs 6C6 or 10D5 to beta-amyloid peptide in affinities identical to those obtained. with the peptides corresponding to positions 1-9, 1-16 and 1-40 of beta-peptide. These findings confirm that the peptide EFRH which is located at positions 3-6 within beta-amyloid peptide represents the sequential epitope of mAbs 6C6 and 10D5.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Frenkel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, The George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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302
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Solomon B. Teens and sex. Natl J (Wash) 1998; 30:1566-8. [PMID: 10181255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
The rate of births to teenagers is down, but who gets the credit? While policy initiatives have been deemed largely ineffective, efforts to shape popular culture through the media are faring better.
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303
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Solomon B, Orel S, Reynolds C, Schnall M. Delayed development of enhancement in fat necrosis after breast conservation therapy: a potential pitfall of MR imaging of the breast. AJR Am J Roentgenol 1998; 170:966-8. [PMID: 9530045 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.170.4.9530045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- B Solomon
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania Medical Center, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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304
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Ivnitski D, Wolf T, Solomon B, Fleminger G, Rishpon J. An amperometric biosensor for real-time analysis of molecular recognition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0302-4598(98)00068-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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305
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Abstract
Anti-aluminium monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) were prepared using aluminium chloride-bovine serum albumin complex (Al-BSA) as immunogen. Competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA), using an Al-BSA coated immunoplate, demonstrated that mice immune sera showed stronger reactivity to AlCl3 than to BSA. Supernatants from hybridomas prepared from cloned anti-Al antibody-producing cells reacted in ELISA assays whether the metal was bound to proteins like calmodulin (CaM) and S100b protein or to immunogen BSA. Moreover, addition of citrate, a potent ligand for trivalent cations, resulted in a significant withdrawal in mAb recognition of aluminium which was previously bound to either CaM or S100b proteins. The anti-Al mAbs also reacted with aluminosilicate complexes formed from aluminium chloride and silicic acid. The results indicate that the monoclonal antibodies recognized aluminium alone, aluminium bound to silicate, or aluminium bound to a protein core and thus may be used as an immunologic tool for identifying aluminium in both in vitro and in vivo systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Levy
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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306
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Chen SC, Mullon C, Kahaku E, Watanabe F, Hewitt W, Eguchi S, Middleton Y, Arkadopoulos N, Rozga J, Solomon B, Demetriou AA. Treatment of severe liver failure with a bioartificial liver. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1997; 831:350-60. [PMID: 9616727 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1997.tb52210.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) is the definitive therapy for severe liver failure. However, many patients die before an organ becomes available, mostly from cerebral edema. To provide temporary liver support, we developed a bioartificial liver (BAL) based on porcine hepatocytes and a charcoal column. Fifty-four consecutive BAL treatments were carried out in three groups of patients: Group I (n = 15) patients presented with FHF were listed for emergent OLT, Group II (n = 3) patients with primary non-function (PNF) of their liver grafts required urgent re-transplantation and Group III (n = 10) patients with acute exacerbation of chronic liver disease were not candidates for OLT. Patients were managed in a critical care unit receiving maximal standard support. Each BAL treatment was conducted for 6 hours. In Group I, all patients showed significant neurologic improvement, intracranial pressure (ICP) decreased and cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) increased; other significant improvements, included lowered plasma ammonia and liver enzymes and increased glucose. One patient recovered spontaneously without OLT, all other patients were "bridged" to OLT, and recovered. Group II: PNF patients showed similar benefits. Group III: Chronic liver patients demonstrated transient beneficial effects after BAL treatment(s), however, most (n = 8) eventually succumbed to sepsis and multiple organ failure as they were not candidates for OLT; two patients, recovered, later were successfully transplanted and survived. Our clinical experience demonstrates that the BAL can serve as a bridge to OLT in patients with acute liver failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Chen
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine 90048, USA
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307
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Balass M, Frenkel D, Solomon B, Katchalski-Katzir E. Residues EFRH at the N-terminus of β-amyloid defined as an anti-aggregating epitope. Neurosci Lett 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0304-3940(97)90023-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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308
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Abstract
In this study we investigated the contribution of pH, phosphate anions and salt concentration to the catalytic and structural thermostability of the carboxypeptidase A (CPA). The concentration of 75-100 mM phosphate as well as neutral pH values were found to be optimal for stabilizing CPA at high temperatures. Although moderate concentrations of sodium chloride had no effect on thermal stability, high concentrations of the salt destabilized the enzyme. The experimental results and theoretical analysis suggested that the main contribution to heat stabilization of CPA is related to intramolecular electrostatic interactions and Arginine and/or Lysine are the putative groups able to bind phosphate and stabilize the enzyme molecule against thermal denaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Li
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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309
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Abstract
Although the activity of telomerase, an enzyme which synthesizes telomeres de novo and stabilizes telomere length has been demonstrated in the testis, the precise expression of activity in different germ cell types is not known. We examined telomerase activity using a PCR-based telomeric repeat amplification protocol during development of the rat testis from birth to adulthood. Telomerase activity was relatively high from birth to the 4th week of age, and then low between the 5th to 10th week, suggesting that the type A spermatogonial stem cells may be the population which is expressing the highest levels of telomerase activity. To ascertain which germ cells expresses the telomerase activity, purified populations of type A spermatogonia from 9-day old rats, and pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids and epididymal spermatozoa from adult rats were isolated. While type A spermatogonia expressed very strong telomerase activity, the fractions containing pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids also expressed telomerase activity, but at comparatively lower levels. Telomerase activity was totally absent in epididymal spermatozoa. Thus, it appears that the telomerase activity is expressed at high levels in the type A spermatogonial stem cells, is down-regulated during spermatogenesis, and is absent in the differentiated spermatozoa.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Ravindranath
- Department of Cell Biology, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, DC 20007, USA
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310
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Watanabe FD, Mullon CJ, Hewitt WR, Arkadopoulos N, Kahaku E, Eguchi S, Khalili T, Arnaout W, Shackleton CR, Rozga J, Solomon B, Demetriou AA. Clinical experience with a bioartificial liver in the treatment of severe liver failure. A phase I clinical trial. Ann Surg 1997; 225:484-91; discussion 491-4. [PMID: 9193176 PMCID: PMC1190781 DOI: 10.1097/00000658-199705000-00005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 358] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to develop a bioartificial liver (BAL) to treat patients with severe liver failure until they can be either transplanted or recover spontaneously. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA Severe acute liver failure is associated with high mortality. Liver transplantation has emerged as an effective therapy for patients who did not respond to standard management. However, because of the donor organ shortage and urgent need for transplantation, many patients die before they can be transplanted and others do not survive after transplantation, primarily because of intracranial hypertension. METHODS Three groups of patients with severe acute liver failure were treated with the BAL. In group 1 (n = 18) were patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF), in group 2 (n = 3) were patients with primary nonfunction (PNF) of a transplanted liver, and in group 3 (n = 10) were patients with acute exacerbation of chronic liver disease. Patients in groups 1 and 2 were candidates for transplantation at the time they entered the study, whereas patients in group 3 were not. RESULTS In group 1, 16 patients were "bridged" successfully to transplantation, 1 patient was bridged to recovery without a transplant, and 1 patient died because of concomitant severe pancreatitis. In group 2, all patients were bridged successfully to retransplantation. In group 3, two patients were supported to recovery and successful transplants at later dates; the other eight patients, although supported temporarily with the BAL, later died because they were not candidates for transplantation. CONCLUSIONS The authors' clinical experience with the BAL has yielded encouraging results. A randomized, controlled, prospective trial (phase II-III) is being initiated to determine the efficacy of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Watanabe
- Department of Surgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, UCLA School of Medicine, USA
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311
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Abstract
In Alzheimer disease, beta-amyloid peptide accumulates in the brain as insoluble amyloid plaques. Amyloid filaments, similar to those found in amyloid plaques, can be assembled in vitro from chemically synthesized beta-peptides. In this study, we report that antibodies raised against the N-terminal region (1-28) of the beta-amyloid peptide bind to the in vitro-formed beta-amyloid assemblies, leading to disaggregation of the fibrils and partial restoration of the peptide's solubility. The concomitant addition of fibrillar beta-amyloid with these antibodies to PC 12 cells leads to the inhibition of the neurotoxic effects of beta-amyloid. Some of the mAbs raised against soluble beta-peptide (1-28) have been found to prevent in vitro fibrillar aggregation of beta-amyloid peptide. These experimental data suggest that site-directed mAbs interfere with the aggregation of beta-amyloid and trigger reversal to its nontoxic, normal components. The above findings give hints on how to convert in vivo senile plaques into nontoxic, diffuse components and may have therapeutic interest for those studying Alzheimer disease and other human diseases related to amyloidogenic properties of physiological peptides and proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Solomon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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312
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Solomon B. Slouching toward the Medicare fix. Natl J (Wash) 1997; 29:235. [PMID: 10164808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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313
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Solomon B. Ok, now what? Natl J (Wash) 1996; 28:2394-7. [PMID: 10162174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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314
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Katzav-Gozansky T, Hanan E, Solomon B. Effect of monoclonal antibodies in preventing carboxypeptidase A aggregation. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 1996; 23:227-30. [PMID: 8679109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
With an increase in temperature, carboxypeptidase A shows a decrease in solubility that is accompanied by loss of enzymic activity and conformational changes leading to its aggregation. In the present study we investigated the suppression of enzyme aggregation via its interaction with two monoclonal antibodies raised against the native protein. The protein aggregation process was monitored by ELISA measurements and determination of residual enzymic activity. As previously found, selected monoclonal antibodies which do not inhibit the biological activity of the antigen and bind with a similar affinity constant to their epitopes on the molecule exhibit a chaperone-like activity in the refolding of their antigen. These antibodies have an inhibitory effect on the aggregation of the enzyme which seems to be related to the location of the antigenic site recognized by each antibody. Identifying the aggregating epitopes' as sequences that are related to the sites where protein aggregation is initiated and preparing monoclonal antibodies against these regions may facilitate the understanding and prevention of protein-aggregation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Katzav-Gozansky
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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315
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Solomon B, Koppel R, Hanan E, Katzav T. Monoclonal antibodies inhibit in vitro fibrillar aggregation of the Alzheimer beta-amyloid peptide. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1996; 93:452-5. [PMID: 8552659 PMCID: PMC40256 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.93.1.452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The beta-amyloid peptide, the hallmark of Alzheimer disease, forms fibrillar toxic aggregates in brain tissue that can be dissolved only by strong denaturing agents. To study beta-amyloid formation and its inhibition, we prepared immune complexes with two monoclonal antibodies (mAbs), AMY-33 and 6F/3D, raised against beta-amyloid fragments spanning amino acid residues 1-28 and 8-17 of the beta-amyloid peptide chain, respectively. In vitro aggregation of beta-amyloid peptide was induced by incubation for 3 h at 37 degrees C and monitored by ELISA, negative staining electron microscopy, and fluorimetric studies. We found that the mAs prevent the aggregation of beta-amyloid peptide and that the inhibitory effect appears to be related to the localization of the antibody-binding sites and the nature of the aggregating agents. Preparation of mAbs against "aggregating epitopes," defined as sequences related to the sites where protein aggregation is initiated, may lead to the understanding and prevention of protein aggregation. The results of this study may provide a foundation for using mAbs in vivo to prevent the beta-amyloid peptide aggregation that is associated with Alzheimer disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Solomon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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316
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Choi TS, Solomon B, Nowakowski M, Lee WL, Geen S, Suntharalingam K, Fikrig S, Shalita AR. Effect of naftifine on neutrophil adhesion. Skin Pharmacol 1996; 9:190-6. [PMID: 8737916 DOI: 10.1159/000211415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Effective methods of fungal treatment involve reduction in fungal infections and host inflammatory responses. Naftifine (NF), a topical antifungal agent, is highly active in vitro and in vivo against a wide range of pathogenic fungi. Additionally NF has been shown to inhibit polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis and respiratory burst activity in an irreversible dose-dependent and time-dependent manner. Since leukocyte adherence to endothelia is believed to be one of the initial crucial events in the recruitment of circulating leukocytes to the site of inflammation, we have investigated the in vitro effect of NF on PMN adherence to nylon fiber, BSA-coated glass chamber or polystyrene, and endothelial monolayers via three adherence assays. All three assays demonstrated a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.01-0.001) in PMN adherence to the respective media. In particular, NF (at 30-60 micrograms/ml) significantly inhibited PMN adherence to endothelial monolayers (p < 0.01) as measured spectrophotometrically by the uptake of rose bengal stain. Therefore, NF inhibits PMN adherence to endothelia in our in vitro model system. This inhibition may constitute part of the anti-inflammatory effect of NF.
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Affiliation(s)
- T S Choi
- Department of Dermatology, State University of New York Health Science Center at Brooklyn 11203, USA
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317
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Solomon B, Koppel R, Hanan E. 610 Monoclonal antibodies restore and maintain the soluble conformation of β-amyloid peptide. Neurobiol Aging 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(96)80612-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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318
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Abstract
A two step simple procedure for antibody stabilization in soluble form was developed. The antibody is first treated with low molecular weight polyaldehyde (polyglutaraldehyde). Following removal of non-bound polyaldehyde the antibody-polyaldehyde conjugate is crosslinked by polyamine (alkyl amine derivative of polyglutaraldehyde). Feasibility studies were successfully conducted employing monoclonal antibody raised against horseradish peroxidase as model system. The stabilized antibody preparation exhibited improved thermal stability, enhanced resistance to proteolytic digestion and higher 'specific binding activity' in ELISA test, without losing its capability to bind large antigen (enzyme) or being recognized by another antibody (goat anti-mouse IgG).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ron
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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319
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Wolf T, Fleminger G, Solomon B. Functional conformations of calmodulin: I. Preparation and characterization of a conformational specific anti-bovine calmodulin monoclonal antibody. J Mol Recognit 1995; 8:67-71. [PMID: 7541230 DOI: 10.1002/jmr.300080112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Calmodulin, similarly to many other Ca(2+)-activated proteins, undergoes considerable conformational changes in the presence of Ca2+ ions. These changes were followed using specific monoclonal antibodies against calmodulin. Since calmodulin is a poor immunogen due to its high phylogenetic conservancy, glutaraldehyde-crosslinked bovine brain extract, which contains a considerable amount of functionally active calmodulin complexed with its target proteins, was used as an antigen. Out of nine anti-calmodulin mAbs isolated, three (namely, CAM1, CAM2 and CAM4) were purified and characterized. MAb CAM1 was identified as an IgG1 while mAbs CAM2 and CAM4 belong to IgM class. Additivity ELISA showed that mAb CAM1 binds to an epitope located remote from the epitopes recognized by the other two mAbs, while mAbs CAM2 and CAM4 recognize close epitopes. MAb CAM1 was found to be especially sensitive to the conformational state of calmodulin in the presence of Ca2+ ions. The interactions of mAbs CAM2 and CAM4 with calmodulin are only slightly affected by Ca2+ removal. In addition mAb CAM1 failed to recognize other calmodulin molecules, such as spinach and various plant recombinant calmodulins, while mAbs CAM1 and CAM4 share common epitopes with the above molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wolf
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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320
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Abstract
The availability of monoclonal antibodies which bind to a specific antigen at distinct and well-defined sites has led to a better understanding of the effects of highly specific enzyme-antibody interactions on enzyme behaviour. By appropriate selection it has been possible to isolate those antibodies that are non-inhibitory to biological activity of the enzyme and bind at strategic locations on the antigen molecule, resulting in a considerable stabilization effect on the enzyme conformation. Moreover, such monoclonal antibodies proved to have a chaperone activity leading to a considerable refolding effect on the enzyme which was already partially heat denatured. Renaturation of carboxypeptidase A after heat denaturation in the presence of selected monoclonal antibodies, was followed by recovery of its enzymatic activity. The refolding effect of anti-CPA monoclonal antibodies on heat-denatured enzyme depends on the degree of denaturation of the enzyme and on the location of the antigenic site of each antibody. The additivity effect of the pairs of monoclonal antibodies on the refolding process of CPA proved to be dependent on the localization of the antigenic sites of the monoclonal antibodies studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Solomon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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321
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Guth B, Hudelson J, Higbie J, Solomon B, Polley S, Thomas S, Gentry WL. Predictive value of hCG level 14 days after embryo transfer. J Assist Reprod Genet 1995; 12:13-4. [PMID: 7580002 DOI: 10.1007/bf02214122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been reported that the quantitative serum hCG level 14 days after embryo transfer (ET) correlated with pregnancy outcome as well as a likelihood of a multiple gestation pregnancy. This prospective study was designed to assess the predictive value of a 14-day post-ET hCG level with pregnancy outcome and multiple gestation pregnancies. METHODS Patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) and ET were monitored by serum quantitative hCG levels 14 days after ET. If positive, serial values of hCG were obtained and transvaginal ultrasound was performed 3 weeks after ET and weekly until fetal cardiac activity was seen. Ongoing pregnancies were defined as greater than 20 weeks. RESULTS One hundred eleven patients had positive serum quantitative hCG levels 14 days post-ET; 89/111, or 80.2%, had ongoing pregnancies. The spontaneous miscarriage rate was, therefore, 19.8% (22/111). If the level was less than 300, the ongoing multiple pregnancy rate was 9% (5/57). If the level was between 300 and 600, the ongoing pregnancy rate was 40% (10/25). If the hCG level was greater than 600, the multiple pregnancy rate was 100% (7/7). CONCLUSIONS These data support the hypothesis that hCG levels greater than 200 mIU/ml on 14 days post-ET are more likely to have ongoing pregnancies; hCG levels greater than 600 have a high likelihood of a multiple gestation pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Guth
- Advanced Fertility Institute, Methodist Hospital of Indiana, Inc., Indianapolis 46202, USA
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322
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Koppel R, Litvak M, Solomon B. Affinity purification of a mannose-binding protein, a sensitive tool in the diagnostics of IgM, via site-directed phosphorylated mannan bound to alumina. J Chromatogr B Biomed Appl 1994; 662:191-6. [PMID: 7719475 DOI: 10.1016/0378-4347(94)00205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Ca2+ -dependent mannose-binding proteins (MBPs) belong to the family of animal lectins. They perform in vivo as defence molecules that act as opsonins by enhancing the clearance of mannose rich pathogens and have been used in vitro for the purification of IgM. MBPs have been previously isolated by methods based on binding the protein moiety of various mannan species to different matrices. However, the mannan-protein complexes did not have a constant protein content and the yield of the isolated MBPs was variable. In the present study we describe a new approach for the affinity purification of MBPs based on the main polysaccharide moiety of the complex. After removal of residual phosphate groups naturally occurring at the C-3 position of the sugar, which interfere with MBP recognition, the mannan was phosphorylated enzymatically at C-6, at which position the OH group is not required for lectin binding. The enzymatically phosphorylated mannan bound to an alumina column was used successfully for MBP separation from rabbit serum. The mannose-binding protein obtained was used in our study for diagnostic purposes in the identification and determination of very low concentrations of IgM.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Koppel
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat-Aviv, Israel
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323
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Solomon B. Code blue for health care reform. Natl J (Wash) 1994; 26:1702. [PMID: 10136919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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324
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Solomon B. Clinton's demographic bedevilment. Natl J (Wash) 1994; 26:436. [PMID: 10132968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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325
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Duncan WE, Chang A, Solomon B, Wartofsky L. Influence of clinical characteristics and parameters associated with thyroid hormone therapy on the bone mineral density of women treated with thyroid hormone. Thyroid 1994; 4:183-90. [PMID: 7920001 DOI: 10.1089/thy.1994.4.183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Reports of reduced bone mineral density (BMD) in patients receiving long-term replacement and suppression therapy with L-thyroxine have generated considerable interest and controversy. A substantial literature has evolved, with interpretation of conflicting results obscured by a variety of confounding factors. We examined the BMD measurements of 202 white women who were taking thyroid hormone to determine the contribution to BMD of a number of clinical characteristics and parameters associated with thyroid hormone therapy. Measurements of BMD (N = 335 over 2.6 +/- 1.6 years) of the spine (L2-L4) were performed in 195 subjects. The BMD of three sites of the hip was measured (N = 247 over 1.8 +/- 1.1 years) in 157 subjects. The BMD of the proximal radius was also measured (N = 172 over 1.8 +/- 1.2 years) in 124 subjects. Increasing age and a history of previous thyrotoxicosis had a deleterious effect on spine BMD. Body mass index (BMI) was positively correlated with spine BMD. Dose of thyroid hormone, duration of therapy, type of underlying thyroid disease, history of thyroidectomy, or serum-free thyroxine index did not influence either the initial BMD or the change in spine BMD over time. In the hip, age correlated with a decrease, and BMI with an increase in BMD. A history of previous thyrotoxicosis was associated with a decrease in hip BMD at all three sites (0.05 < p < 0.10). No other clinical parameters significantly influenced either the initial BMD or the change in hip BMD over time. Increasing age and dose of thyroid hormone, and a prior history of thyrotoxicosis had a deleterious effect on the BMD at the proximal radius. In summary, thyroid hormone therapy was not associated with a significant effect on BMD of the spine or hip, but a decreased BMD of the proximal radius was related to both previous thyrotoxicosis and to dose of thyroid hormone.
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Affiliation(s)
- W E Duncan
- Department of Medicine, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C
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326
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Solomon B. Clinton's inscrutable health plan ... may be no one's fault but his own. Natl J (Wash) 1993; 25:2260-1. [PMID: 10128339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
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327
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Solomon B, Schmitt S, Schwartz F, Levi A, Fleminger G. Eupergit C-coated membranes as solid support for a sensitive immunoassay of human albumin. J Immunol Methods 1993; 157:209-15. [PMID: 8423365 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(93)90089-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
A number of commercially available membranes preactivated by coating with oxirane-containing Eupergit C beads were used for diagnostic immunoassay applications. These membranes possess a higher capacity for protein binding than the respective unmodified membranes as measured with fluorescently labelled antibodies. Immobilization of antigens or antibodies as the first step of the assay was achieved by covalent binding of amino groups of proteins to the oxirane moieties introduced onto the membranes. The high performance of the newly developed membranes bearing covalently bound antibodies, was demonstrated by a dot enzyme-linked microalbuminuria immunoassay as compared to unmodified membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Solomon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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328
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a reliable, simple, and sensitive assay for microalbuminuria, based on covalent attachment of anti-HSA to oxirane-bearing polymethylmethacrylate beads (Eupergit CB6200). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Anti-HSA antibodies were coupled to CB6200 beads by reaction of their amino groups with the oxirane groups of the matrix. The capability of the beads to bind HSA from standard solutions or urine was evaluated and compared with the state of the art ELISA test. RESULTS The new bead immunoassay is sensitive and linear in the range of 1-25 mg/L, which is considered the low microalbuminuria range. When HSA levels in urine were tested, the intra- and interassay CV values ranged between 2.7 and 3.9% and between 5.6 and 6.6%, respectively. The long-term storage stability of the antibodies covalently bound on the beads was higher than of the same antibodies adsorbed on ELISA plates. After 16 wk of storage, the CV was about 7.3% with the bead assay, compared with 14% obtained for the ELISA test under the same experimental conditions. CONCLUSIONS A new procedure for microalbuminuria assay was developed, with Eupergit CB6200 beads as a solid support for covalent binding of the first antibody. Accuracy, sensitivity, reproducibility, and precision of the bead immunoassay were similar to those of commonly used immunoassays, as exemplified by the analysis of HSA in 53 clinical urine samples. The bead assay retains a low degree of variability over long storage periods, and the beads may be reapplied after a simple acid-washing procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Solomon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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329
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Abstract
A continuous method for the efficient digestion of protein A into active fragments (FB, Mr = 7000) using immobilized trypsin was developed. These fragments originate from almost identical five-repeated monovalent Fc-binding units of 58 residues each. The fragments obtained were found to be similar to the recently described genetically engineered fragment B. Antibody-binding characteristics of the FB domain and also of intact protein A, immobilized on to adipic dihydrazide-modified Eupergit CB6200 beads, were investigated. Based on the experimental data obtained, a high-performance liquid chromatographic column containing C30N Eupergit C-immobilized FB domain was prepared and its performance in antibody purification was compared with that of Eupergit C-immobilized intact protein A.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Solomon
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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330
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Fleminger G, Neufeld T, Star-Weinstock M, Litvak M, Solomon B. Calcium-modulated conformational affinity chromatography. Application to the purification of calmodulin and S100 proteins. J Chromatogr A 1992; 597:263-70. [PMID: 1517326 DOI: 10.1016/0021-9673(92)80119-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The purification of proteins by affinity chromatography is based on their highly specific interaction with an immobilized ligand followed by elution under conditions where their affinity towards the ligand is markedly reduced. Thus, a high-degree purification by a single chromatographic step is achieved. However, when several proteins in the crude mixture share affinity to a common immobilized ligand, they may not be resolved by affinity chromatography and subsequent "real" chromatographic purification steps may be required. It is shown that by using properly selected gradient elution conditions, the affinities of the various proteins towards the immobilized ligand may be gradually modulated and their separation may be achieved. This is exemplified by the isolation and separation of a group of Ca(2+)-activated proteins, Calmodulin, S100a and S100b, from bovine brain extract, using a melittin-Eupergit C affinity column which is developed with Ca(2+)-chelator gradients. As expected, separation of the three proteins into individual peaks, eluted in order of increasing affinity to the matrix, was obtained. Sigmoid selectivity curves calculated from the elution volumes under different elution conditions for each of the proteins were obtained, illustrating the chromatographic behaviour of the gradient affinity separation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fleminger
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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331
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Solomon B, Balas N. Thermostabilization of carboxypeptidase A by interaction with its monoclonal antibodies. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 1991; 14:202-11. [PMID: 1760132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The effect of interaction of carboxypeptidase A (CPA) with three monoclonal antibodies, each with a different epitope (CP 10, CP 9, and CP 8), on the heat stabilization of enzymes is described. These monoclonal antibodies bind to CPA with a relatively high binding constant (approximately 10(8) M-1) and do not affect its catalytic properties. Intact carboxypeptidase A lost more than 95 and 90% of its esterase and peptidase activities within 120 min at 50 degrees C. The monoclonal antibodies increased the thermal stability of the enzyme by 90 and 60%, as compared with the peptidase and esterase initial activities, respectively. Binding of these monoclonal antibodies, alone or in pairs, to the enzyme epitopes that are supposedly involved in heat denaturation of CPA result in stabilization of the conformation of the enzyme. The effect of thermostabilization by monoclonal antibodies was more pronounced with respect to peptidase activity than to esterase activity, indicating that these activities follow different reaction mechanisms. Since properly selected monoclonal antibodies can be prepared against virtually any enzyme, their immunocomplexation may provide a general and convenient method for stabilization of the enzyme conformation to heat denaturation, without affecting the catalytic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Solomon
- Department of Biotechnology and Microbiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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332
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Wartofsky L, Glinoer D, Solomon B, Lagasse R. Differences and similarities in the treatment of diffuse goiter in Europe and the United States. Exp Clin Endocrinol 1991; 97:243-51. [PMID: 1717298 DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1211072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In two separate studies, members of the American Thyroid Association (ATA), and the European Thyroid Association (ETA) were surveyed by questionnaire on their management of Graves' disease. The aim was to determine how expert clinical thyroidologists employ three different therapies which are available for this disorder. Herein we summarize, compare and contrast similarities and differences in the results of these surveys. For the index patient, radioiodine (RAI) was the therapy of choice for 69% of ATA respondents but only 22% of ETA respondents. In contrast, only 30.5% of ATA respondents chose antithyroid drugs as first line therapy compared to 77% of ETA respondents. There was consensus on the relative lack of a role for thyroidectomy. The implications of these differing approaches to the treatment of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wartofsky
- Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington D.C
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333
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334
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Wartofsky L, Glinoer D, Solomon B, Nagataki S, Lagasse R, Nagayama Y, Izumi M. Differences and similarities in the diagnosis and treatment of Graves' disease in Europe, Japan, and the United States. Thyroid 1991; 1:129-35. [PMID: 1688014 DOI: 10.1089/thy.1991.1.129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 213] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
In three separate studies, members of the American Thyroid Association (ATA), the European Thyroid Association (ETA), and the Japan Thyroid Association (JTA) were surveyed by questionnaire on their management of Graves' disease. The aim was to determine how expert clinical thyroidologists employ diagnostic procedures and the three different therapies that are available for this disorder. In this report, we identify, summarize, compare, and contrast similarities and differences in the results of these surveys in these three different regions of the world. In general, ATA members used fewer diagnostic tests than did their European or Japanese colleagues. For the index patient, radioiodine was the therapy of choice for 69% of ATA respondents but only 22% and 11% of ETA and JTA respondents, respectively. In contrast, only 30.5% of ATA respondents chose antithyroid drugs as first-line therapy compared to 77% of ETA and 88% of JTA respondents. There was consensus on the relative lack of a role for thyroidectomy except for narrow indications. The implications of these differing approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of hyperthyroidism due to Graves' disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wartofsky
- Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, DC
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335
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Solomon B, Larsen K, Riordan JF. A neoisoform of carboxypeptidase A produced by a single proteolytic cleavage. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1990; 613:594-9. [PMID: 2076008 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1990.tb18228.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Solomon
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel Aviv University, Israel
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336
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Harrison LB, Solomon B, Miller S, Fass DE, Armstrong J, Sessions RB. Prospective computer-assisted voice analysis for patients with early stage glottic cancer: a preliminary report of the functional result of laryngeal irradiation. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1990; 19:123-7. [PMID: 2380077 DOI: 10.1016/0360-3016(90)90144-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
In January 1987 we began a prospective study aimed at evaluating objective parameters of vocal function for all patients treated with RT for early glottic cancer. All patients underwent vocal analysis using a voice analyzer interfaced with a computer. This allowed for the determination of percent voicing (%V) (normal = presence of phonation = 90-100%V). Other parameters such as breathiness (air turbulence or hoarseness) and strain (vocal cord tension) were also measured. Patients were recorded before RT, weekly during RT, and at set intervals after RT. There have been 25 patients studied. Eighteen (18) are evaluable at 9 months after treatment. All patients were male and ranged from 45-84 years old. Fourteen (14) and T1 lesions and received 66 GY/33 fractions to their larynx and 4 had T2 tumors and received 66-70 Gy/33-35 fractions. To date, all patients are locally controlled. Three distinct patterns of %V changes have been encountered. However, all patients demonstrated normal phonation pattern by 3 months after RT, and this is sustained at 9 months follow-up. In addition, 94% of patients have had significant decrease in breathiness after RT, which objectively documents diminished hoarseness. In 83%, breathiness is normal after RT. Most patients have had increased strain after RT, which documents increased vocal cord tension. However, strain remained within normal limits in 89%. Our preliminary analysis suggests that the majority of patients irradiated for early glottic cancer demonstrate a decrease in breathiness and an increase in strain after RT, and enjoy a resultant voice that has normal phonation maintained at 9 months after RT. Our data also demonstrate three distinct phonation patterns. Further follow-up will allow us to determine the prognostic significance, if any, of these patterns, and to continue to follow objective vocal parameters on larger numbers of patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Harrison
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021
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337
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Fleminger G, Wolf T, Hadas E, Solomon B. Eupergit C as a carrier for high-performance liquid chromatographic-based immunopurification of antigens and antibodies. J Chromatogr A 1990; 510:311-9. [PMID: 2401703 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)93765-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
An immunoaffinity purification system using C30N and C1Z Eupergit C beads was developed and optimized. Poly- and monoclonal antibodies were purified using immobilized antigens and antigens were purified using immobilized antibodies. Antigens were used that possess enzymic activities and the efficiency of antigen binding was determined from the enzymic activity of the matrix-bound immunocomplexes. High-performance immunoaffinity purification using Eupergit C beads proved to be highly specific, reproducible, free from protein leakage and possessed a low degree of non-specific adsorption of tissue proteins. These characteristics of the system were illustrated by the isolation of immunoglobulin G from serum and of human decidua proteins from the decidua tissue and from seminal plasma. These proteins were obtained at high purity in a single purification step, as shown by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fleminger
- Department of Biotechnology, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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338
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Fleminger G, Solomon B, Wolf T, Hadas E. Effect of polyethylene glycol on the non-specific adsorption of proteins to Eupergit C and agarose. J Chromatogr A 1990; 510:271-9. [PMID: 2401699 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(01)93761-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Non-specific adsorption of serum proteins to Eupergit C (EC) and agarose during the process of immunoaffinity chromatography often leads to contamination of the specifically eluted antigens to be purified. This effect was studied by application of serum samples to a beta-mercaptoethanol-blocked EC (EC-beta ME) column followed by analysis of proteins eluted with various elution buffers. Inclusion of polyethylene glycol (PEG 400 or 1500) in the loading buffer reduced the non-specific adsorption of proteins to EC but had an adverse effect on agarose. Covalent attachment of amino-PEG to EC and to epoxy-activated Sepharose mimicked the effect of PEG in solution with EC and resulted in a marked reduction in non-specific adsorption of serum proteins. Inclusion of PEG in the loading buffer during immunopurification of a serum protein (immunoglobulin G) or seminal plasma protein (human decidua protein hDP71) resulted in a marked improvement in the purity of these proteins eluted from the respective columns by ammonium acetate (pH 10).
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fleminger
- Department of Biotechnology, George S. Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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339
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Abstract
Site-specific modification of monoclonal antibodies was achieved by oxidation of the carbohydrate moieties of antibodies which are located remote from the antigen binding sites. Sialic acid and galactose are terminal sugars of these carbohydrate chains. Concomitant treatment of the antibodies with neuraminidase and galactose oxidase generated aldehyde groups in the oligosaccharide moieties of immunoglobulins which reacted selectively with amino or hydrazide groups of the matrix. Subsequent immobilization of neuraminidase and galactose oxidase on Eupergit C-adipic dihydrazide proved to be an efficient and selective system for the enzymic oxidation of the monoclonal antibodies without impairing their immunological activity. Oriented immobilization of enzymically oxidized monoclonal antibodies on hydrazide or amino Eupergit C derivatives thus leads to the formation of antibody matrix conjugates which possess high antigen-binding activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Solomon
- Department of Biotechnology, George Wise Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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340
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Abstract
A prospective evaluation of vocal changes in patients receiving radiation therapy for T1 and T2 (AJC) glottic carcinoma was undertaken in January 1987. Vocal analysis was performed prior to radiotherapy and at specific intervals throughout the radiation treatment program. The voicing ratio was extrapolated from a sustained vowel phonation using the Visipitch interfaced with the IBM-PC. Preliminary observations suggested three distinct patterns of vocal behavior: 1. reduced voicing ratio with precipitous improvement within the course of treatment, 2. high initial voicing ratio with reduction secondary to radiation induced edema, with rapid improvement in the voicing component after the edema subsided, and 3. fluctuating voicing ratio during and following treatment. Enrollment of new patients and a 2-year follow-up of current patients was undertaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Miller
- Speech and Hearing Center, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York
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341
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Schwartz F, Hadas E, Harnik M, Solomon B. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for determination of plasma aldosterone using highly specific polyclonal antibodies. J Immunoassay 1990; 11:215-34. [PMID: 2347927 DOI: 10.1080/01971529008053270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Two enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were established and compared for the estimation of plasma aldosterone. In the first method immobilized aldosterone-protein complexes on the ELISA plates compete with aldosterone to be determined for the binding of certain amount of anti-aldosterone antibodies. The sensitivity of this method depends on the protein carrier used to conjugate with aldosterone. In the second method, anti-aldosterone antibodies adsorbed on ELISA plates compete for binding of known amount of the enzyme-labeled aldosterone and aldosterone to be determined. The highly specific rabbit anti-aldosterone antibodies were obtained by injection of aldosterone-oxime thyroglobulin. The detection limit of aldosterone in both methods ranged between 2-20 pg. The proposed assays are suitable for the determination of aldosterone in biological fluids compared with other reported ELISA assays, as well as with RIA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Schwartz
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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342
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Abstract
Members of the American Thyroid Association were invited to participate in a survey of the management of Graves' disease. One primary case and several variations were provided, which differed in respect to age, sex, goiter size, severity, etc. The questionnaire was based on the format used in a similar survey of members of the European Thyroid Association. The aim of the survey was to determine 1) how expert thyroidologist employ diagnostic procedures for this disorder, and 2) the choice of therapy of the three treatment options and its manner of implementation. Questionnaires were sent only to clinically active members. The overall response rate was 62%. Data analysis was possible on 52% of members surveyed and was performed using SPSS and a specific Fortran program. In the laboratory evaluation of the primary case a radioiodine uptake, scan, serum total T4, and basal TSH were requested by 92%, 47%, 83%, and 66%, respectively, with 84% of respondents using an ultrasensitive TSH assay. For management of the primary case, radioiodine treatment was the first choice of 69% of the respondents. Antithyroid drugs were used briefly (3-7 days) before 131I by 28%, whereas 41% said they would employ thioureas after 131I. Of those using 131I, 66% tailored the dose to achieve euthyroidism as the goal of therapy, while 34% aimed for hypothyroidism requiring T4 replacement. Only 30% of respondents chose thioureas as a first line of treatment (72% propylthiouracil; 28% tapazole). The duration of drug therapy was a predetermined fixed interval for 80% of the respondents, with 90% treating for 1-2 yr. Other specific trends in diagnostic approach and therapeutic preferences were identified for the eight variations on the primary case problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Solomon
- Department of Clinical Investigation, Walter Reed Army Medical Center, Washington, D.C. 20307
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343
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Strasser S, Solomon B. What is your diagnosis? Tendinitis of the superficial digital flexor tendon. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1990; 196:1671-2. [PMID: 2189851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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344
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Fleminger G, Hadas E, Wolf T, Solomon B. Oriented immobilization of periodate-oxidized monoclonal antibodies on amino and hydrazide derivatives of Eupergit C. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 1990; 23:123-37. [PMID: 2159262 DOI: 10.1007/bf02798382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Amino and hydrazyno derivatives of Eupergit C were prepared by reaction of the beads with hexamethylene diamine (HMD) and adipic acid dihydrazide (ADH), respectively. Monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against carboxypeptidase A (CPA) and horse radish peroxidase (HRP) were prepared, and those that did not inhibit the respective enzymatic activities were selected. The carbohydrate moieties of these antibodies were oxidized by reaction with sodium periodate and then coupled onto the modified beads. The oxidation and coupling reactions were optimized to achieve highly active matrix-conjugated antibodies. Thus, antibody-matrix conjugates that possessed antigen-binding activities close to the theoretical value of 2 mol antigen bound/mol immobilized antibody were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Fleminger
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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345
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Solomon B, Koppel R, Kenett D, Fleminger G. Localization of a highly immunogenic region of carboxypeptidase A recognized by three different monoclonal antibodies and their use in the detection of subtle conformational alterations in this enzyme region. Biochemistry 1989; 28:1235-41. [PMID: 2469466 DOI: 10.1021/bi00429a042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Three murine monoclonal antibodies (mAb 100, 104, and 121) elicited against carboxypeptidase A (CPA) were prepared and characterized. All three mAbs recognize the same or partially overlapping sites of CPA. This is corroborated by the lack of antibody additivity in the ELISA assay carried out in the presence of pairs of mAbs, the similarity in molecular weight of the immunocomplex formed between CPA and one of the mAbs in the presence of another, and also a competition experiment in which one of the mAbs was labeled enzymatically. The three mAbs do not affect the enzymatic activity of CPA. Even at high concentrations, they do not recognize carboxypeptidase B (CPB) in spite of the similar tertiary structure and the 50% homology in amino acid sequence with CPA. This antigenic determinant is located on one of the four cyanogen bromide fragments of CPA. On the basis of the known sequences of the two enzymes, criteria which predict high antigenicity, and experimental data using synthetic peptides, such a determinant was found to be located within the amino acid sequence from residues 209 to 218 of the CPA molecule. The mAbs prepared detect conformational alterations in the above enzyme epitope when the enzyme is exposed to various conditions. The binding of the mAbs to CPA adsorbed onto a polystyrene plate is characterized by apparent binding constants higher by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude than those characterizing the interaction of the mAbs with CPA in solution. The mAbs also readily detect both conformational alterations of CPA on treatment with urea and subtle, reversible conformational alterations on removal of zinc from the active site of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Solomon
- Department of Biotechnology, Tel-Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel
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346
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347
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Elsenhans V, Romans H, Solomon B. Fellowships: considering the options. J Health Adm Educ 1988; 5:635-41. [PMID: 10284994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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348
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Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) status was assessed in subjects to evaluate the effects of thyroid diseases on Mg and Zn metabolism. Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) concentration and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (MNC) content of Mg and Zn, and 24-hour urinary excretion of Mg, Zn, creatinine (Cr), calcium (Ca), sodium (Na), and potassium (K) were measured in 11 thyrotoxic, 29 hypothyroid, and 25 euthyroid control subjects. Serum albumin, alpha 2-macroglobulin, and the binding of Zn to albumin were also determined. Plasma and RBC Mg concentrations were low in half of the hyperthyroid subjects, but mean values were not significantly different from controls. Urinary excretion and clearance of Mg were lower in hypothyroid subjects, but differences were removed when expressed relative to Cr excretion and clearance. Similar patterns were noted for urinary Ca, Na, and K, suggesting that their reduced excretion reflects alterations in renal hemodynamics. Plasma Zn was lower in hypothyroid subjects and correlated with serum albumin; MNC Zn and urinary Zn were also low. Plasma Zn concentration was normal and serum albumin significantly lower in the hyperthyroid group than in the control group. Further, RBC Zn content was significantly lower in hyperthyroid subjects, and inversely related to plasma thyroxine concentration. The hyperthyroid group also excreted significantly greater amounts of Zn than controls, indicative of a catabolic process. This increased urinary loss may reflect a shift in the distribution of plasma Zn between ultrafilterable and Zn-albumin complexes. In summary, this study provides evidence for marked alterations in Zn homeostasis in persons with thyroid disease. Whether the observations indicate deficiency states and have clinical implications will require further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Dolev
- Department of Military Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Bethesda, MD 20814-4799
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349
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Solomon B, Koppel R. Enzyme immobilization via monoclonal antibodies. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1987; 501:463-7. [PMID: 3475024 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1987.tb45755.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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350
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Abstract
This paper examines the results of health surveys among 544 randomly selected households (2829 people) in seven kebele (urban dwellers' associations) in Addis Ababa and Kaliti, an industrial suburb of Addis Ababa, and in four rural villages in two peasant associations. The major objective was to study illness distribution and health behaviour among different socioeconomic and cultural groups in urban and rural communities within the context of available health resources, national health policy and planning. Results show that in spite of the rapid expansion of health services since the Ethiopian revolution serious problems of allocation and access persist. Higher illness prevalance rates were found in rural areas (23.2%), Kaliti (25.5%) and in the low socioeconomic kebele in Addis Ababa (23.9%) than in the high socioeconomic kebele (16.5%), but rural/urban and intraurban differences were greater than reported here due to underreporting. One-third of all illnesses were treated by modern services, 19.9% by self care and 26.0% by traditional medicine and transitional healers, with 21.5% of all illnesses not being treated. Utilization rates varied with type and duration of illness, socioeconomic level, age, sex and place of residence. The role of distance and other contact barriers, treatment outcome and availability of private clinics and alternative health resources in utilization is also evaluated. Coverage of the modern health services was associated with socioeconomic status and mobility of patients as well as availability of health services.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kloos
- Department of Geography, Addis Ababa University, Ethiopia
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