[A study of cefoperazone prostatic tissue levels: difference between the gland and capsule]

Prostatic tissue levels of Cefoperazone (CPZ) were determined in 34 patients with prostatic hypertrophy after the intravenous administration of 1 g of CPZ. Prostatic tissue levels of CPZ decreased slowly with time and the elimination half-life was 125 to 171 minutes. The CPZ concentration in the surgical capsule was higher than that in the gland. As compared with the minimal inhibitory concentrations of CPZ, the prostatic tissue levels were considered high enough for the treatment of post-prostatectomy and bacterial prostatitis. Neither the pathological type of prostatic hypertrophy, that of infiltrations, nor the weight of the removed tissue was correlated to the tissue levels of CPZ.

Mapping of the human gene for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the p13 leads to q22 region of chromosome 7

We previously reported that the structural gene for epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) can be mapped to the p22 leads to qter region of human chromosome 7 (Shimizu et al., 1979, 1980). In the present study, we produced two series of human-mouse cell hybrids by fusing mouse A9 cells that are deficient in EGFR with the human diploid fibroblast lines GM1356, 46,XX,t(1;7)(p34;p13), and GM2068, 46,XX,t(6;7)(q27;q22), both of which possess EGF receptors. Expression of EGF binding ability in the former series of cell hybrids was correlated with the retention of the human translocation chromosome containing the 7p13 leads to qter region, and in the latter series of cell hybrid it was correlated with the retention of the human translocation chromosome containing the 7pter leads to q22 region. Therefore, the EGFR gene can be localized in the p13 leads to q22 region of chromosome 7.

[Laboratory and clinical studies on latamoxef in the field of obstetrics and gynecology]

Latamoxef (LMOX) is a new antibiotic synthesized by Shionogi Research Laboratory. Chemically LMOX is especially unique with a sulfur atom replacing the oxygen atom in the 1 position of the conventional cephalosporin nucleus, and in addition, this antibiotic has a cephamycin-like structure. The antibacterial activity of LMOX shows high potency against Gram-negative bacteria, but tends to be weak against Gram-positive bacteria. The tissue levels of LMOX in humans after intravenous injection of 1 g were examined. The levels in uterine and adnexa uteri tissue at 1 hour after administration were 25.4 and 27.4 micrograms/g respectively. LMOX was administered to 147 cases in infections of obstetric and gynecological field. The clinical effect according to disease was 94.6% for intrauterine infections, 95.0% for adnexitis, 87.0% intrapelvic infections, and 100% for external genital organ infections, making a total of 92.5%. The rate of occurrence of side effects or abnormal laboratory findings was similar to or slightly less than that seen with other beta-lactam antibiotics.

Genetic analysis of human lymphocyte proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis: 4. Genetic polymorphism of cytosol 100k polypeptide

We describe a genetic polymorphism of a human cellular polypeptide with mol. wt. 100,000, detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes by high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis. Three different electrophoretic types (1-1, 2-1, and 2-2) of the polypeptide have been identified. Family and population studies indicate that the three phenotypes of the polypeptide are determined by two common alleles at a single autosomal locus. The polypeptide occurs in the cytosol and is one of the abundant polypeptides of B-lymphoblastoid cells, T-lymphoblastoid cells, fibroblasts, and HeLa cells. The data indicate that the cytosol polypeptide with mol. wt. 100,000 shows a genetic polymorphism determined by a new autosomal locus. It is proposed that the polypeptide and its locus be temporarily designated cytosol 100k polypeptide (C100k polypeptide) and C100P, respectively. In a Japanese population, the gene frequencies of C100P1 and C100P2 were 0.907 and 0.093, respectively.

Genetic analysis of human lymphocyte proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis: 3. Frequent occurrence of genetic variants in some abundant polypeptides of PHA-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes

The 100 or so most intensely Coomassie blue-stained polypeptides from PHA-stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis in combination with family and population studies. Besides polymorphic lymphocyte cytosol 64k polypeptide reported previously, genetic variants were frequently observed in three polypeptides with molecular weights of 100,000, 49,000, and 40,000. All of them occur in the cytosol. These variant polypeptides are charge variants, because they are separated in the isoelectric focusing dimension. It is indicated by family and population studies and cell distribution analysis that the polypeptide with a molecular weight of 100,000 shows a genetic polymorphism determined by two alleles at a new autosomal locus, as described in the following paper. Family and population studies also suggest that a genetic polymorphism defined by alleles at an autosomal locus is present in each of the polypeptides with molecular weights of 49,000 and 40,000. In contrast to the previous reports of the extremely restricted genetic variability of the 100 or so most abundant fibroblast polypeptides, the present data indicate that common genetic variants are present at least in four of the 100 or so most intensely Coomassie blue-stained lymphocyte polypeptides. The result also shows that careful side-by-side comparison of two-dimensional electrophoresis patterns among both parents and their children is an effective method to detect genetic variant polypeptides.

Postoperative prophylactic use of progesterone in renal cell carcinoma

Medroxyprogesterone acetate has been used prophylactically in 35 patients with stages I and IIIA renal cell carcinoma who had undergone radical nephrectomy. Metastasis was noted in 26 per cent (9 of 35) of the patients who had received the drug and in 44 per cent (20 of 45) of those who had not (controls). The incidence of metastasis in patients who had undergone nephrectomy more than 3 years previously was 10 per cent (3 of 31) for patients who received medroxyprogesterone acetate and 35 per cent (15 of 43) for the control group, the difference being statistically significant. Prognosis tended to be better in patients who had received medroxyprogesterone acetate than in the controls, and relative 3 and 5-year survival rates being 99.3 and 87.2 per cent, respectively, in the former group, and 86.8 and 75.0 per cent, respectively, in the latter group. There was no significant difference between these 2 groups. However, it may be concluded that prophylactic medroxyprogesterone acetate seems to be beneficial in the prevention of postoperative metastasis of renal cell carcinoma.

Genetics of receptors for bioactive polypeptides: expression of the human EGF receptor gene and internalization and processing of the receptor-bound EGF in human-mouse cell hybrids

We previously postulated that the structural gene for epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor is located on human chromosome 7 (1,2). In this study, EGF receptor and certain postreceptor functions were further analyzed in a unique cell hybrid line, C2B5, that retains only one human chromosome of an X;7 translocation besides a nearly complete mouse parental genome. Kinetics and Scatchard analysis of [125I]EGF binding to the C2B5 hybrid cells indicated that they carry a single class of EGF receptors with a dissociation constant of 4 x 10(-10) M. The receptors expressed in the hybrids are proven to be immunologically of human nature. The human EGF receptors now embedded in essentially mouse plasma membrane are subject to "down regulation" mediated by the ligand EGF. Analysis of the cell-bound EGF indicated that internalization and processing take place in the human-mouse cell hybrids. The degradation of EGF appears to be through a lysosomal pathway since it was substantially delayed or inhibited by lysosomotropic agents.

Morphologic study of intermediate filaments in rat hepatocytes

Rat liver perfused with 0.5% Triton X-100 for 15 to 90 min followed by 1% sodium dodecyl sulfate for 30 min were studied by electron microscopy and polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After 15 min of perfusion, a rich network of intermediate filaments and microtubules was visualized in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes. Using stereopairs, branching was visualized. Connections of filaments were noted with nuclei, centrioles, microtubules, vesicles, and rough endoplasmic reticulum. The existence of connections supported the concept that intermediate filaments may function to integrate mechanically the cytoplasmic space as postulated by Lazarides.

Genetic analysis of human lymphocyte proteins by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis: 2. Genetic polymorphism of lymphocyte cytosol 64K polypeptide

We describe a genetic polymorphism of human lymphocyte cytosol major polypeptide with mol. wt. 64,000, detected in peripheral blood lymphocytes by high resolution two-dimensional electrophoresis. Three different electrophoretic types (1-1, 2-1, 2-2) of the polypeptide have been identified. Family and population studies indicate that the three phenotypes of the polypeptide are determined by two common alleles at a single autosomal locus. The polypeptide occurs in the cytosol and is predominant in peripheral blood lymphocytes, B-lymphoblastoid cells, T-lymphoblastoid cells, lymph node, and spleen. The polypeptide has not been detected HeLa cells, fibroblasts, erythrocytes, serum, and cerebrum. Traces of the polypeptide exist in liver, kidney, and skeletal muscle. It is proposed that the polypeptide and its locus be temporarily designated lymphocyte cytosol 64K polypeptide (LC64K polypeptide) and LC64P, respectively. In a Japanese population, the gene frequencies of LC64P1 and LC64P2 were 0.936 and 0.064, respectively. The data suggest that LC64P is a new locus, product of which shows genetic polymorphism and is associated with the function and/or the structure of lymphocytes.

Clinical evaluation of intraoperative radiotherapy for carcinoma of the urinary bladder

Intraoperative radiotherapy using one shot high dose electron irradiation was performed for 116 bladder cancer patients as a radical means of treatment for superficial bladder cancer. Additional fractionated external supervoltage irradiation covering the whole bladder was given in most of the cases. The one-, three-, and five-year survival rates were 100%, 100%, and 96.3% for T1 cases and 100%, 87.2%, and 61.6% for T2 cases, respectively. Heterotropic recurrences in the bladder were 5.3% within one year, 9.4% within two years, and 19.3% within five years, respectively. Normal vesical function was well preserved except in five patients who underwent total cystectomy subsequently because of multiple recurrences after radiotherapy and one patient who underwent urinary diversion because of contracted bladder and progressive bilateral hydronephrosis. Intraoperative radiotherapy was established as a reliable and superior method for the treatment of superficial bladder cancer because of the low recurrence rate and good preservation of vesical functions after treatment.

The bovine genes for phosphoglycerate kinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, alpha-galactosidase, and hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase are linked to the X chromosome in cattle-mouse cell hybrids

Bovine embryonic trachea cells were hybridized with mouse A9 cells deficient in hypoxanthine phosphoribosyltransferase, and cattle-mouse hybrid cells clones were isolated after HAT/ouabain selection. In these interspecific cell hybrids, bovine glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, alpha-galactosidase, and phosphoglycerate kinase were expressed concordantly with bovine HPRT. Their expression depended on the presence of bovine X chromosome. These data indicated that the genes for G6PD, PGK, and HPRT are linked and can be assigned to the bovine X chromosome.

Prominent increase in the amount of a cytosol protein in transformed fibroblasts and ascites hepatoma cells

Analysis of cytosol proteins by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis revealed a prominent increase in the amount of a cytosol protein with molecular weight of 88 000 in transformed human adult, human embryo, mouse adult, and hamster embryo fibroblasts as compared with normal fibroblasts. The cytosol protein with Mr 88 000 is also increased in the cytosol of four kinds of rat ascites hepatoma cell as compared to normal and regenerating liver. The protein with Mr 88 000 exists as one of the major cytosol proteins in transformed fibroblasts hepatoma cells and HeLa cells, constituting 7--10% of total cytosol proteins. The data suggest that the cytosol protein with Mr 88 000 is associated with certain growth characteristics of cells.

A case of Turner's syndrome with familial balanced translocation t(1;2)(q32;q21)mat

The first case of Turner's syndrome with the familial translocation not involving the X chromosome is described. The patient had a number of clinical signs of Turner's syndrome and her karyotype was 45,X,t(1;2)(q32;q2)mat. Though it is speculated that the altered structure of a chromosome may influence meiotic disjunction of a non-homologous chromosome, our case suggests that there may be no relationship between the two chromosomal abnormalities.

A case of trisomy 3q21 leads to qter syndrome

An infant with karyotype 46,XY,der(8),t(3;8)(q21;p23) is presented. The presence of trisomy 3q21 leads to qter syndrome is suspected on the basis of comparison of the clinical and laboratory findings of this patient with those of cases that have been reported as partial 3q trisomy. The common phenotypic features of this syndrome include growth failure and mental or developmental retardation, hypotonia, persistent lanugo, distorted head, congenital glaucoma, short and upturned nose, prominent maxilla, micrognathia, short, webbed neck, short limbs, retroflexed third and fourth toes, cutaneous syndactyly of the second, third and fourth toes, and elevated galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase activity in the red blood cells.

Trisomy 12p syndrome: de novo occurrence of mosaic trisomy 12p in a mentally retarded boy

The first case of trisomy of probable 12p mosaicism originated de novo is presented. Comparison of the clinical findings of this patient with those of previously described cases of 12p trisomy derived from translocated chromosomes indicates that the symptoms of 12p trisomy are: (1) normal birth weight and physical development, (2) severe psychomotor retardation and generalized hypotonia, (3) peculiarly round face with prominent cheeks, hypertelorism, epicanthus, broad, flat nasal bridge, short nose with anteverted nostrils, large philtrum, broad, prominent lower lip, and (4) poly(syn)dactyly of feet.

A case of Turner's syndrome with hyperthyroidism

A female patient with classical gonadal dysgenesis associated with Graves' disease is reported. The karyotype was mosaicism of 45,X/46,X,i(Xq). The relationship among Graves' disease, Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Turner's syndrome is discussed along with a review of the reported cases.

Survey of resistance to metals and antibiotics in clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae in Japan

Clinical isolates of K. pneumoniae (746 isolates) were studied for the resistance to four metals and four drugs. The distribution patterns of their susceptibility to Hg, Cd and As clearly revealed two peaks, but only a single peak of resistance to Pb. It can be seen that resistance was demonstrable in media containing the following concentrations of the metals (micrograms/ml): HgCl2, 10; CdCl2, 400; and Na2HAsO4, 400. In K. pneumoniae, the frequency fo resistance to these concentrations of Hg, Cd and As were 65,8%, 98,3% and 83,8%, respectively. On the other hand, the frequency to antibiotic resistance of K. pneumoniae were 68,1% of SM, 51,2% of TC, 49,7% of CP and 36,7% of KM. Furthermore, many isolates (99,6%) were metal-resistant. Most of these metal-reisitant strains were multiple-metal-resistant and also multiple-drug-resistance. And about 30% of total isolates were metal-resistant but drug-sensitive, whereas the frequency of the metal-sensitive and drug-resistant strains was 0%.

Serotype B staphylococcal bacteriophage singly converting staphylokinase

A new staphylococcal phage, Pphi-2, which could convert the capability of producing staphylokinase, was isolated. The phage is different from the phage reported by Winkler and co-workers [Nature(London) 195:407-408, 1962; J. Gen. Microbiol. 39:321-333, 1965]. The former is a single-converting phage belonging to serotype B, but the latter is a serotype F phage capable of converting not only staphylokinase but also beta-hemolysin. Staphylokinase, i.e., the fibrinolysin produced by Staphylococcus aureus, therefore, can now be classified into three types. One is controlled by the genes on the bacterial chromosome, and the other two are mediated by lysogenic conversion by prophage Pphi-2 and the classical phage reported by Winkler and co-workers.

Detection of anti-exfoliatin antibodies in healthy adults and children by the passive hemagglutination test

Sera collected from healthy adults and children were examined by the passive hemagglutination test for the presence of antibodies to exfoliatin A and B.

Mercury resistance and R plasmids in Escherichia coli isolated from clinical lesions in Japan

The mercury and antibiotic resistance of 338 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from hospital patients was determined. Resistance to mercury was found in 58.6% of the isolates. The frequencies of resistance to streptomycin (Sm), tetracycline (Tc), chloramphenicol (Cm), kanamycin (Kan), cephaloridine (Cer), and gentamicin (Gm) were 66.3, 60.3, 56.5, 42.9, 32.1, and 1.5%, respectively. Among the above, 198 mercury- and antibiotic-resistant isolates were selected and tested for their ability to transfer the resistance to susceptible strains of E. coli K-12 and Klebsiella pneumoniae JK5. R plasmids carrying mercury resistance were demonstrated in 89.9% of the mercury-resistant strains of E. coli. Furthermore, R(Hg,Sm,Tc,Cm) plasmids were demonstrated most frequently, followed by R(Hg,Sm,Tc,Cm,Kan), R(Hg,Cm,Kan), and R(Hg,Sm,Tc,Cm,Kan,Cer) plasmids.

Mercury resistance and R plasmids in clinical isolates of Kebsiella pneumoniae

The mercury and antibiotic resistance of 155 clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae (K. pneumoniae) was determined. Resistance to mercury tested was found in 64.5% of the total isolates. The frequencies of resistance to SM, TC, CP, KM and GM were 65.8%, 49.0%, 48.4%, 37.4% and 3.9%, respectively. And we selected 94 mercury and drug resistant strains, and they were tested for their ability to transfer the resistance to the mercury and drug sensitive recipients of E. coli K12 ML 1410-Nx and E. coli JE 17-Rif. Among 94 strains of Hg resistant K. pneumoniae, 86 R plasmids with Hg resistance could be demonstrated. It should be noted that transferable R plasmids with Hg resistance were demonstrated in 92% of the Hg-resistant isolates. Furthermore, R (Hg; SM, TC, CP, KM) plasmids were isolated most frequently, followed by R (Hg; SM, TC, CP), R (Hg; SM, KM), and R (Hg; SM, TC) plasmids.

Distribution of resistances to metals and antibiotics of staphylococcal strains in Japan

Clinical isolates of 565 staphylococcal strains were studied for the resistance to four metals and eight antibiotics. Distribution patterns of their susceptibilities to Hg, As and Pb clearly revealed two peaks. But in the case of Cd resistance, there were three groups of Cd sensitivity. Frequencies of metal resistances were 36.6% to Hg, 95.6% to Cd, 48.8% to As and 91.9% to Pb. On the other hand, those of drug resistances were 87.3% to PC, 28.5% to SM, 33.5% to TC, 22.7% to CP, 23.9% to KM, 43.0% to EM, 38.8% to JM and 0% to GM. Most of tested cultures were metal-resistant (92.9%), moreover, these multiple-metal-resistant strains were also found to be multiple-drug-resistant. And about 10% of total isolates were metal-resistant and drug-senstitive strains, whereas the frequency of the metal-sensitive and drug-resistant strains was only 1.8%.

Linkage of mercury, cadmium, and arsenate and drug resistance in clinical isolates of Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Of the 787 isolates, 99.8% were metal resistant, with most (99.5%) showing multiple resistance. Fifty-three percent of the isolates were both metal and drug resistant, whereas only 19% were metal resistant and drug sensitive.

Immunological properties in staphylococcal toxic epidermal necrolysis

The analysis of host defenses in 4 patients with staphylococcal toxic epidermal necrolysis revealed normal serum immunoglobulin levels, but a deficiency in cell-mediated immunity as detected by the tuberculin reactions. We suspected that the transient deficiency of cell-mediated immunity may have contributed to the development of this disease.

A bacteriological study on children with staphylococcal toxic epidermal necrolysis in Japan

From 1973 to 1976, 21 patients with staphylococcal toxic epidermal necrolysis were admitted to the Jikei University Hospital in Tokyo. Of all of them were isolated coagulase-positive Staphylococcus aureus from various sites. In Japan, unlike in Europe and America, phage group II cocci were found in few cases. On the other hand, S. aureus belonging to other phage groups than group II (I, III mixed group and III group) were very commonly isolated. All the isolates produced exfoliatin which was capable of producing exfoliation in newborn mice. The type (A or B) of exfoliation which was detected by the antiserum agar method did not correlate to the severity of this disease.