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Sun ZJ, Wang Y, Cai Z, Chen PP, Tong XJ, Xie D. Involvement of Cyr61 in growth, migration, and metastasis of prostate cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2008; 99:1656-67. [PMID: 18941464 PMCID: PMC2584944 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6604712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyr61 has been reported to participate in the development and progression of various cancers; however, its role in prostate cancer (PCa) still remains poorly understood. In this study, we explored the function of Cyr61 in a series of malignant PCa cell lines, including LnCap, Du145, and PC3. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and crystal violet assays demonstrated that Cyr61 was essential for the proliferation of PCa cells. Soft agar assay and xenograft analysis showed that downregulation of Cyr61 suppressed the tumorigenicity of Du145 cells both in vitro and in vivo. Either silencing the cellular Cyr61 by RNA interference or neutralising the endogenous Cyr61 by antibody inhibited the migration of Du145 cells. In contrast, purified protein of Cyr61 promoted the migration of LnCap cells in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggested that Cyr61 was involved in the migration of PCa cells. We also observed the accumulation of mature focal adhesion complexes associated with the impaired migration through Cyr61 downregulation. Also, further studies showed that Cyr61 regulated the level of activated Rac1 as well as its downstream targets, including phosphorylated JNK, E-cadherin, and p27kip1, which are key molecules involved in cell growth, migration, and invasion. The in vivo mouse tail vein injection experiment revealed that Cyr61 affected the metastatic capacity of Du145 cells, suggesting that Cyr61 was required for prostate tumour metastasis. Altogether, our results demonstrated that Cyr61 played an important role in the tumorigenicity and metastasis of PCa cells, which will benefit the development of therapeutic strategy for PCas.
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Cai Z, Xu W, Xue R, Lin Z. Facile, reagentless and in situ release of Escherichia coli intracellular enzymes by heat-inducible autolytic vector for high-throughput screening. Protein Eng Des Sel 2008; 21:681-7. [DOI: 10.1093/protein/gzn049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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153
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Lai Y, Ma J, Schwarzenberger P, Li W, Cai Z, Zhou J, Peng Z, Yang J, Luo L, Luo J, Deng D, Li Q, Zhou Y, Liang J. Combination of CsA, MTX and low-dose, short-course mycophenolate mofetil for GVHD prophylaxis. Bone Marrow Transplant 2008; 43:61-7. [PMID: 18724395 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2008.265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In an effort to reduce the incidence and severity of acute GVHD (aGVHD), we have developed a new prophylaxis regimen combining cyclosporine and MTX with a short 30-day course of low-dose (500 mg per day) mycophenolate mofetil. This regimen was studied prospectively 100 patients undergoing HLA-matched and 1-antigen-mismatched allogeneic peripheral blood SCT from related donors. The cumulative incidence of aGVHD was 16% (grades II-IV (9.5%) and grades III-IV (1%)). The cumulative incidence of chronic GVHD (cGVHD) was 53% with 28% extensive cGVHD. The cumulative incidence of transplant-related mortality at 100 days and 3 years were 6 and 13%. The estimated probabilities of disease-free survival at 3 years in standard- and high-risk patients were 77 and 30%, respectively (P<0.0001). The estimated probabilities of overall survival at 3 years in standard- and high-risk patients were 77 and 37%, respectively (P<0.0001). These data show a substantial decrease in the risk of developing aGVHD without an increase in relapse or any adverse impact on survival in standard-risk patients.
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Zeng Z, Natesan K, Cai Z, Darling SB. The role of metal nanoparticles and nanonetworks in alloy degradation. NATURE MATERIALS 2008; 7:641-646. [PMID: 18622405 DOI: 10.1038/nmat2227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2008] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Oxide scale, which is essential to protect structural alloys from high-temperature degradation such as oxidation, carburization and metal dusting, is usually considered to consist simply of oxide phases. Here, we report on a nanobeam X-ray and magnetic force microscopy investigation that reveals that the oxide scale actually consists of a mixture of oxide materials and metal nanoparticles. The metal nanoparticles self-assemble into nanonetworks, forming continuous channels for carbon transport through the oxide scales. To avoid the formation of these metallic particles in the oxide scale, alloys must develop a scale without spinel phase. We have designed a novel alloy that has been tested in a high-carbon-activity environment. Our results show that the incubation time for carbon transport through the oxide scale of the new alloy is more than an order of magnitude longer compared with commercial alloys with similar chromium content.
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Saggu S, Chotaliya H, Cai Z, Blumbergs P, Casson R. The spatiotemporal pattern of somal and axonal pathology after perikaryal excitotoxic injury to retinal ganglion cells: A histological and morphometric study. Exp Neurol 2008; 211:52-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2007] [Revised: 12/12/2007] [Accepted: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Schmidt A, Hughes LK, Cai Z, Mendes F, Li H, Sheppard DN, Amaral MD. Prolonged treatment of cells with genistein modulates the expression and function of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator. Br J Pharmacol 2008; 153:1311-23. [PMID: 18223673 PMCID: PMC2275442 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2007] [Revised: 11/14/2007] [Accepted: 12/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by dysfunction of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl(-) channel. In the search for new CF therapies, small molecules have been identified that rescue the defective channel gating of CF mutants (termed CFTR potentiators). Here, we investigate the long-term effects of genistein, the best-studied CFTR potentiator, on the expression and function of CFTR. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH We pre-treated baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells expressing wild-type or F508del-CFTR (the most common CF mutant) with concentrations of genistein that potentiate (30 microM) or inhibit (100 microM) CFTR function for 2 or 24 h at 37 degrees C before examining CFTR maturation, expression and single-channel activity. KEY RESULTS Using the iodide efflux technique, we found that genistein pre-treatment failed to restore function to F508del-CFTR, but altered that of wild-type CFTR. Pre-treatment of cells with genistein for 2 h had little effect on CFTR processing, whereas pre-treatment for 24 h either augmented (30 microM genistein) or impaired (100 microM genistein) CFTR maturation. Using immunocytochemistry, we found that all genistein pre-treatments increased the localization of CFTR protein to the cell surface. However, following the incubation of cells with genistein (100 microM) for 2 h, individual CFTR Cl(-) channels exhibited characteristics of channel block upon channel activation. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Genistein pre-treatment alters the maturation, cell surface expression and single-channel function of CFTR in ways distinct from its acute effects. Thus, CFTR potentiators have the potential to influence CFTR by mechanisms distinct from their effects on channel gating.
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Cai Z, Zhang G, Zhou Z, Bembas K, Drebin JA, Greene MI, Zhang H. Differential binding patterns of monoclonal antibody 2C4 to the ErbB3-p185her2/neu and the EGFR-p185her2/neu complexes. Oncogene 2008; 27:3870-4. [PMID: 18264138 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
2C4 (Pertuzumab, Omnitarg) is a monoclonal antibody targeting p185(her2/neu), which is overexpressed in 30% of invasive breast cancer. 2C4 is currently in phase II clinical trials for several types of cancers. This antibody has been reported to disrupt the association between p185(her2/neu) and ErbB3. In our studies of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-p185(her2/neu) heterodimerization, we noted that 2C4 formed associations with the EGFR-p185(her2/neu) receptor complex. Our data argue against 2C4 as a universal heterodimerization blocker for p185(her2/neu), but indicate that cocktails of monoclonal antibodies binding distinct interaction surfaces of p185(her2/neu) will emerge as the most potent targeted therapy.
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159
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Sullivan JC, Goodchild TT, Cai Z, Pollock DM, Pollock JS. Endothelin(A) (ET(A)) and ET(B) receptor-mediated regulation of nitric oxide synthase 1 (NOS1) and NOS3 isoforms in the renal inner medulla. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2007; 191:329-36. [PMID: 17892518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2007.01754.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIM Our laboratory and others have shown that endothelin (ET)-1 directly stimulates nitric oxide (NO) production in inner medullary collecting duct (IMCD) cells. The goal of this study was to determine which NO synthase (NOS) isoforms in IMCD are sensitive to ET-1, and the role of ET(A) and ET(B) receptor activation in vivo and in vitro. METHODS NOS enzymatic activity and NOS isoform protein expression were examined in cultured IMCD-3 cells and isolated renal inner medulla. ET(B) receptor-deficient homozygous rats (sl/sl) have elevated levels of circulating ET-1 and lack a functional ET(B) signalling pathway in kidneys, and furthermore provides a unique model to study ET(A) receptor signalling in the renal inner medulla in vivo. RESULTS Incubation of IMCD-3 cells with exogenous ET-1 (50 nm) resulted in ET(A)-dependent increased NOS1 protein expression in IMCD-3 cells with no effect on NOS2 or NOS3 expression. ET(B) receptor antagonism has no effect on NOS expression in IMCD-3 cells. Consistent with in vitro results, cytosolic NOS1 protein expression was significantly greater in the renal inner medulla of sl/sl rats compared with heterozygous (sl/+) controls, with no alteration in NOS3 expression. In contrast to protein expression data, NOS1- and NOS3-specific enzymatic activities decreased in the cytosolic fraction from the renal inner medulla of sl/sl compared with sl/+. CONCLUSION These results provide evidence that both ET(A) and ET(B) receptors regulate NOS isoform activity in the renal inner medulla and specifically support the hypothesis that ET(A) receptor activation increases NOS1 expression.
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Fan LW, Mitchell HJ, Rhodes PG, Cai Z. Alpha-Phenyl-n-tert-butyl-nitrone attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced neuronal injury in the neonatal rat brain. Neuroscience 2007; 151:737-44. [PMID: 18191905 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.09.087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2007] [Revised: 09/13/2007] [Accepted: 11/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Although white matter damage is a fundamental neuropathological feature of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), the motor and cognitive deficits observed later in infants with PVL indicate the possible involvement of cerebral neuronal dysfunction. Using a previously developed rat model of white matter injury induced by cerebral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection, we investigated whether LPS exposure also results in neuronal injury in the neonatal brain and whether alpha-phenyl-n-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN), an antioxidant, offers protection against LPS-induced neuronal injury. A stereotactic intracerebral injection of LPS (1 mg/kg) was performed in Sprague-Dawley rats (postnatal day 5) and control rats were injected with sterile saline. LPS exposure resulted in axonal and neuronal injury in the cerebral cortex as indicated by elevated expression of beta-amyloid precursor protein, altered axonal length and width, and increased size of cortical neuronal nuclei. LPS exposure also caused loss of tyrosine hydroxylase positive neurons in the substantia nigra and the ventral tegmental areas of the rat brain. Treatments with PBN (100 mg/kg) significantly reduced LPS-induced neuronal and axonal damage. The protection of PBN was associated with an attenuation of oxidative stress induced by LPS as indicated by the reduced number of 4-hydroxynonenal, malondialdehyde or nitrotyrosine positive cells in the cortical area following LPS exposure, and with the reduction in microglial activation stimulated by LPS. The finding that an inflammatory environment may cause both white matter and neuronal injury in the neonatal brain supports the possible anatomical correlate for the intellectual deficits and the other cortical and deep gray neuronal dysfunctions associated with PVL. The protection of PBN may indicate the potential usefulness of antioxidants for treatment of these neuronal dysfunctions.
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161
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Cai Z, Zhong H, Bosch-Marce M, Fox-Talbot K, Wang L, Wei C, Trush MA, Semenza GL. Complete loss of ischaemic preconditioning-induced cardioprotection in mice with partial deficiency of HIF-1. Cardiovasc Res 2007; 77:463-70. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvm035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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162
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Cai Z, Blumbergs PC, Finnie JW, Manavis J, Thompson PD. Novel fibroblastic onion bulbs in a demyelinating avian peripheral neuropathy produced by riboflavin deficiency. Acta Neuropathol 2007; 114:187-94. [PMID: 17357800 DOI: 10.1007/s00401-007-0215-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2007] [Revised: 02/20/2007] [Accepted: 02/23/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The finding of novel fibroblastic onion bulb-like structures in peripheral nerves is reported for the first time in avian riboflavin deficiency. Day old broiler meat chickens were fed a riboflavin deficient diet (1.8 mg/kg) and were killed on postnatal days 6, 11, 16, 21 and 31, whereas control chickens were fed a conventional diet containing 5.0 mg/kg riboflavin. The fibroblastic onion bulb-like structures were found in sciatic and brachial nerves from day 11 onwards and consisted of long cytoplasmic processes of hypertrophied fibroblasts surrounding demyelinated, remyelinated and normally myelinated axons. The fibroblast cytoplasmic processes often enveloped more than one nerve fibre to produce a unique compound-like onion bulb structure. These onion bulb-like structures occurred early in the course of segmental demyelination at the same time as tomacula formation and became increasingly more prominent in the later stages of demyelination and remyelination. The molecular basis of formation of these unique structures requires further study as to the basis of the attraction of the fibroblast processes to nerve fibres associated with myelinating Schwann cells. The model may also be useful in investigating the role of endoneurial fibroblasts in endoneurial fibrosis as the early fibroblastic response in the onion bulbs is distinct from the more usual fibroblastic deposition of collagen in end-stage peripheral nerve disease.
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Yang R, Yang X, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang S, Cai Z, Jia Y, Ma Y, Zheng C, Lu Y, Roden R, Chen Y. Retraction. Single-walled carbon nanotubes-mediated in vivo and in vitro delivery of siRNA into antigen-presenting cells. Gene Ther 2007; 14:920. [PMID: 17507992 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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164
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Jaramillo R, Rosenbaum TF, Isaacs ED, Shpyrko OG, Evans PG, Aeppli G, Cai Z. Microscopic and macroscopic signatures of antiferromagnetic domain walls. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2007; 98:117206. [PMID: 17501089 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.98.117206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Magnetotransport measurements on small single crystals of Cr, the elemental antiferromagnet, reveal the hysteretic thermodynamics of the domain structure. The temperature dependence of the transport coefficients is directly correlated with the real-space evolution of the domain configuration as recorded by x-ray microprobe imaging, revealing the effect of antiferromagnetic domain walls on electron transport. A single antiferromagnetic domain wall interface resistance is deduced to be of order 5 x 10(-5) mu Omega cm(2) at a temperature of 100 K.
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165
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Yang R, Yang X, Zhang Z, Zhang Y, Wang S, Cai Z, Jia Y, Ma Y, Zheng C, Lu Y, Roden R, Chen Y. Single-walled carbon nanotubes-mediated in vivo and in vitro delivery of siRNA into antigen-presenting cells. Gene Ther 2006; 13:1714-23. [PMID: 16838032 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3302808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Antigen-presenting cells such as dendritic cells (DCs) play a critical role in inducing and regulating immune responses. One effective strategy for DC-based immunotherapy is to regulate maturation and function of DC. In this study, we apply single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) to carry small interfering RNA (siRNA) to reach, enter and genetically modify DCs in vivo. We prepared positively charged SWNTs (SWNTs+) using 1,6-diaminohexane which was demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and atomic force microscope. The functionalized SWNTs+ could absorb siRNA to form complexes of siRNA with SWNTs. These siRNA:SWNT+ complexes were preferentially taken up by splenic CD11c+ DCs, CD11b+ cells and also Gr-1+CD11b+ cells comprising DCs, macrophages and other myeloid cells to silence the targeting gene. Suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1) restricts the ability of DCs to break self-tolerance and induce antitumor immunity. Infusion of SWNTs+ carrying SOCS1siRNA reduced SOCS1 expression and retarded the growth of established B16 tumor in mice, indicating the possibility of in vivo immunotherapeutics using SWNTs-based siRNA transfer system.
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166
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Pang Y, Fan LW, Zheng B, Cai Z, Rhodes PG. Role of interleukin-6 in lipopolysaccharide-induced brain injury and behavioral dysfunction in neonatal rats. Neuroscience 2006; 141:745-755. [PMID: 16713113 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Revised: 01/25/2006] [Accepted: 04/01/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
There are increasing data in support of the hypothesis that inflammatory cytokines are involved in neonatal white matter damage. Despite extensive study of the proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta, the role of interleukin-6 in the development of white matter damage is largely unknown. In the present study, the role(s) of interleukin-6 in mediating lipopolysaccharide-induced brain injury and behavioral changes was investigated by the intracerebral injection of lipopolysaccharide with interleukin-6 neutralizing antibody in the 5-day-old rat brain. Brain injury was examined in brain sections at postnatal day 8 and postnatal day 21. Behavioral tests including righting reflex, wire hanging maneuver, cliff avoidance, locomotor activity, gait analysis, responses in the elevated plus-maze and passive avoidance were performed from postnatal day 3 to postnatal day 21. Changes in astroglia, microglia and oligodendrocytes were studied using immunohistochemistry in the postnatal day 21 rat brain. Our results show that interleukin-6 antibody attenuated lipopolysaccharide-induced brain lateral ventricle dilation and improved neurobehavioral performance. Interleukin-6 antibody also suppressed lipopolysaccharide-induced astrogliosis and microglial activation, and increased the number of oligodendrocytes in white matter. However, no changes of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1beta were detected. In contrast, no histopathological changes and glial activation were observed in rats injected with only interleukin-6. The present study indicates that the contribution to brain injury by interleukin-6 depends on its interaction with other lipopolysaccharide-induced agents and not on interleukin-6 alone.
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167
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Cai Z, Blumbergs PC, Cash K, Rice PJ, Manavis J, Swift J, Ghabriel MN, Thompson PD. Paranodal pathology in Tangier disease with remitting-relapsing multifocal neuropathy. J Clin Neurosci 2006; 13:492-7. [PMID: 16678735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocn.2005.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2005] [Accepted: 07/06/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Pathological studies of a sural nerve biopsy in a man with Tangier disease presenting as a remitting-relapsing multifocal neuropathy showed abnormalities in the paranodal regions, including lipid deposition (65%) and redundant myelin foldings, with various degrees of myelin splitting and vesiculation (43%) forming small tomacula and abnormal myelin terminal loops (4%). The internodal regions were normal in the majority of myelinated fibres. Abnormal lipid storage was also present in the Schwann cells of the majority of unmyelinated fibres (67%). The evidence suggests that the noncompacted myelin region of the paranode is a preferential site for lipid storage in the myelinated Schwann cell, and that the space-occupying effects of the cholesterol esters leads to paranodal malfunction and tomacula formation as the pathological basis for the multifocal relapsing-remitting clinical course.
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168
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Cai Z, Koike M, Sato H, Brezner M, Guo Q, Komatsu M, Okuno O, Okabe T. Erratum to “Electrochemical characterization of cast Ti–Hf binary alloys” [Acta Biomater. 1 (2005) 353–356]. Acta Biomater 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2005.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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169
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Cai Z, Finnie JW, Blumbergs PC, Manavis J, Ghabriel MN, Thompson PD. Early paranodal myelin swellings (tomacula) in an avian riboflavin deficiency model of demyelinating neuropathy. Exp Neurol 2006; 198:65-71. [PMID: 16336963 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2005] [Revised: 10/17/2005] [Accepted: 10/25/2005] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Disruption of the complex architectural and molecular organization of the paranodal region of myelinated peripheral nerve fiber may initiate the evolving time dependent process of segmental demyelination. In support of this notion was the finding of focal paranodal myelin swellings (tomacula) due to redundant folding of myelin sheaths, early in the time course of an avian riboflavin deficiency model of demyelinating neuropathy. METHODS Newborn broiler meat chickens were maintained either on a routine diet containing 5.0 mg/kg riboflavin (control group) or a riboflavin-deficient diet containing 1.8 mg/kg riboflavin. Riboflavin concentrations in the liver were measured at postnatal day 11. Peripheral nerves were morphologically examined at days 6, 11, 16 and 21 using light and electron microscopy and teased nerve fiber techniques. RESULTS Riboflavin-deficient chickens showed signs of a neuropathy from days 8 and pathological examination of peripheral nerves revealed a demyelinating neuropathy with paranodal tomacula formation starting on day 11. Paranodal tomacula consisted of redundant myelin infoldings or outfoldings, increased in size and frequency after day 11. After day 16, the paranodal swellings showed prominent degenerative changes accompanied by an increased frequency of myelinated fibers showing demyelination. CONCLUSION Tomacula due to redundant myelin folds are generally considered a remyelination phenomenon, yet in this avian riboflavin deficiency model of demyelination, the paranodal tomacula occurred early in the course of demyelination.
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Cai Z, Nakayama Y, Shiono T. Synthesis of crystallizable sydiotactic-atactic stereoblock polypropylene using a living polymerization system. KINETICS AND CATALYSIS 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s0023158406020182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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171
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Isakovic AF, Evans PG, Kmetko J, Cicak K, Cai Z, Lai B, Thorne RE. Shear modulus and plasticity of a driven charge density wave. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2006; 96:046401. [PMID: 16486854 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.96.046401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2005] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We have probed the effects of transverse variations in pinning strength on charge-density-wave (CDW) structure in NbSe3 by x-ray micro-beam diffraction. In ribbonlike crystals having a large longitudinal step in thickness, the CDW first depins on the thick side of the step, causing rotations of the CDW wave vector. By measuring these rotations as a function of position and electric field, the corresponding shear strains are determined, allowing the CDW's shear modulus to be estimated. These results demonstrate the usefulness of x-ray microdiffraction as a tool in studying collective dynamics in electronic crystals.
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Cai Z, Kim D, Sorial G, Saikaly P, Zein M, Oerther D. Performance and Microbial Diversity of a Trickle-Bed Air Biofilter under Interchanging Contaminants. Eng Life Sci 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/elsc.200620111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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173
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Rayner B, Harris H, Carter E, Vogt S, Cai Z, Lai B, Chin C, Lee Y, Lay P, Witting P. Th-P17:425 The use of synchronton radiation to measure ion flux and cellular protein and lipid changes within cardiac ischemia reperfusion injury. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(06)82383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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174
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Cai Z, Lin S, Fan LW, Pang Y, Rhodes PG. Minocycline alleviates hypoxic-ischemic injury to developing oligodendrocytes in the neonatal rat brain. Neuroscience 2005; 137:425-35. [PMID: 16289838 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2005.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2005] [Revised: 08/25/2005] [Accepted: 09/21/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of minocycline in preventing white matter injury, in particular the injury to developing oligodendrocytes was examined in a neonatal rat model of hypoxia-ischemia. Hypoxia-ischemia was achieved through bilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by exposure to hypoxia (8% oxygen) for 15 min in postnatal day 4 Sprague-Dawley rats. A sham operation was performed in control rats. Minocycline (45 mg/kg) or normal phosphate-buffered saline was administered intraperitoneally 12 h before and immediately after bilateral carotid artery occlusion+hypoxia and then every 24 h for 3 days. Nissl staining revealed pyknotic cells in the white matter area of the rat brain 1 and 5 days after hypoxia-ischemia. Hypoxia-ischemia insult also resulted in apoptotic oligodendrocyte cell death, loss of O4+ and O1+ oligodendrocyte immunoreactivity, and hypomyelination as indicated by decreased myelin basic protein immunostaining and by loss of mature oligodendrocytes in the rat brain. Minocycline significantly attenuated hypoxia-ischemia-induced brain injury. The protective effect of minocycline was associated with suppression of hypoxia-ischemia-induced microglial activation as indicated by the decreased number of activated microglia, which were also interleukin-1beta and inducible nitric oxide synthase expressing cells. The protective effect of minocycline was also linked with reduction in hypoxia-ischemia-induced oxidative and nitrosative stress as indicated by 4-hydroxynonenal and nitrotyrosine positive oligodendrocytes, respectively. The reduction in hypoxia-ischemia-induced oxidative stress was also evidenced by the decreases in the content of 8-isoprostane in the minocycline-treated hypoxia-ischemia rat brain as compared with that in the vehicle-treated hypoxia-ischemia rat brain. The overall results suggest that reduction in microglial activation may protect developing oligodendrocytes in the neonatal brain from hypoxia-ischemia injury.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Biomarkers/metabolism
- Brain/drug effects
- Brain/metabolism
- Brain/physiopathology
- Carotid Artery, Common
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/physiology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Free Radicals/metabolism
- Gliosis/drug therapy
- Gliosis/physiopathology
- Gliosis/prevention & control
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/drug therapy
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/metabolism
- Hypoxia-Ischemia, Brain/physiopathology
- Ligation
- Microglia/drug effects
- Microglia/metabolism
- Minocycline/pharmacology
- Minocycline/therapeutic use
- Nerve Degeneration/drug therapy
- Nerve Degeneration/physiopathology
- Nerve Degeneration/prevention & control
- Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/drug effects
- Nerve Fibers, Myelinated/metabolism
- Nerve Regeneration/drug effects
- Nerve Regeneration/physiology
- Neuroprotective Agents/pharmacology
- Neuroprotective Agents/therapeutic use
- Oligodendroglia/drug effects
- Oligodendroglia/metabolism
- Oxidative Stress/drug effects
- Oxidative Stress/physiology
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Stem Cells/drug effects
- Stem Cells/metabolism
- Treatment Outcome
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175
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Zhan Q, Zhuang G, Li R, Cai Z, Kuwayama M, Zhang J. Reconstruction of Mouse Oocytes With Somatic Cell Nuclei Produces Abnormal Meiotic Spindles. Fertil Steril 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.07.1013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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