Determination of Dicyclohexylamine in Cyclamates

Dicyclohexylamine can be extracted from sodium and calcium cyclamates by liquidliquid extraction, using water, carbon tetrachloride, and hexane. Final analysis is by GLC with a flame ionization detector. Recoveries of dicyclohexylamine added to the cyclamate salts at levels of 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 ppm ranged from 90–99%. Dicyclohexylamine was isolated from three of the seven lots of sodium and calcium cyclamates analyzed at concentrations of 2.0, 2.5, and 10.8 ppm. The presence of dicyclohexylamine was confirmed by IR spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry.

Prevalence of symptomless urinary tract disease in Birmingham schoolchildren. I. Pyuria and bacteriuria

In a pilot project 2,122 schoolchildren were screened for symptomless urinary tract disease by the examination of midstream urine specimens. These were tested for albumin, blood, and glucose with Labstix commercial strips, together with microscopy for abnormal cellular excretion.One case of renal glycosuria was found but none of previously undiagnosed diabetes mellitus. Out of 1,096 boys, 11 (1%) had pyuria-a leucocyte count greater than 10/cu.mm.-but only four showed abnormal counts on retesting. None had urinary tract infection.Out of 1,026 girls, 96 (9.3%) had pyuria initially but 35 were normal on retesting. Of the remaining 61 girls, 59 attended the outpatients department for further investigation, and in 30 vulvitis appeared to be the sole cause. Ten were proved to have significant bacteriuria and six of them showed radiological abnormalities.It is suggested that careful long-term studies are needed to study the economics and the implications of screening on a national scale.

Determination of Cyclohexylamine in Various Artificially Sweetened Foods and Artificial Sweeten

Procedures for the determination of cyclohexylamine in various dietetic products (carbonated beverages, dry beverage bases, canned fruits, fruit juice drinks, liquid and dry weight control formulations, and food sweetener preparations) and in sodium and calcium cyclamates have been developed. Recoveries were as follows: dietetic products 90-100% at the 0.2 ppm level, and sodium and calcium cyclamates 90-100% at the 2.0 ppm level. Cyclohexylamine was isolated from the following products at the indicated levels: carbonated beverages 0.0-6.5 ppm, dry beverage bases 0.0-480 ppm, canned fruits 0.3-0.9 ppm, fruit juice drink 0.7 ppm, liquid and dry weight control formulations 0.0-2.8 ppm, liquid and dry base food sweetener preparations 1.4-95 ppm, and cyclamates 3.8-54 ppm. The presence of cyclohexylamine was confirmed by either infrared spectrophotometry or mass spectrometry.

Cyclophosphamide therapy in the nephrotic syndrome in childhood

Forty-six children with the nephrotic syndrome whose renal biopsy specimens showed minimal changes and whose response to corticosteroid therapy was unsatisfactory were treated with cyclophosphamide. Three patients were completely steroid-resistant from the outset and the remainder were steroid-dependent. In several patients steroids controlled the condition less effectively with time. Most patients showed signs of steroid toxicity, and growth retardation was striking.A moderate leucopenia was induced with cyclophosphamide, and treatment was maintained for three to four months in the majority of cases. Thirty-eight children (83%) have remained in complete remission off all treatment for periods of 3 to 23 months, 33 after one course of cyclophosphamide and five after a second course. Two other patients who remitted but relapsed later are still on treatment. In only six patients was full remission not obtained, and three of these were steroid-resistant from the start. Two died from pneumonia and adrenal failure and four continued to have proteinuria, though in one an impressive reduction occurred.The results indicate that cyclophosphamide therapy is an effective alternative for nephrotic children with normal glomeruli on light microscopy who develop steroid dependence or resistance, and who exhibit toxic effects of steroid therapy.

Vitamin A deficiency: effect on mosquito eye ultrastructure

Mosquitoes (Aedes aegypti) were reared aseptically for one generation on an artificial diet containing neither vitamin A nor its usual precursor in animals, betacarotene. Function (electrical response to light) in the compound eyes of these animals was severely impaired. Ultrastructure of the photoreceptor cells was abnormal in two respects: multivesicular bodies were absent, and masses of smooth membrane lamellae were present near the nucleus. The organization of the photoreceptor organelle, the rhabdomere, was normal. The eyes of control mosquitoes, to whose diet beta-carotene was added, were functionally and structurally normal. Multivesicular bodies were normally abundant and the perinuclear membrane masses were not present.

Collaborative Study of a Method for Benzo(a)pyrene in Smoked Foods

A collaborative study was conducted on the method for benzo(a)pyrene in smoked foods published in This Journal 49, 611-617 (1966). Samples of fish and ham fortified with benzo(a)pyrene were analyzed by 13 collaborators. Average per cent recoveries at 10 and 4 ppb (μg/kg) levels by 11 collaborators by the ultraviolet method were 99 and 96%, respectively, for the fortified fish samples and 84 and 78%, respectively, for the fortified ham samples. Comparative average recovery values were obtained by 6 collaborators who also determined the compound by fluorescence. Standard deviations for the two determinative techniques ranged from 3.15 to 13.6%. The method is recommended for adoption as official, first action.

Cytotoxic drug therapy in steroid-resistant glomerulonephritis

Images

Immunosuppressive therapy in steroid-resistant proliferative glomerulonephritis accompanied by the nephrotic syndrome

Images

Observations on the Clinical Course and Treatment of One Hundred Cases of Still's Disease

Images