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Integrating the microbiome as a resource in the forensics toolkit. Forensic Sci Int Genet 2017; 30:141-147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fsigen.2017.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 05/26/2017] [Accepted: 06/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Microbial Communities Associated with Primary and Metastatic Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma - A High Fusobacterial and Low Streptococcal Signature. Sci Rep 2017; 7:9934. [PMID: 28855542 PMCID: PMC5577109 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09786-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the potential relationship between head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and microbial dysbiosis, we profiled the microbiome within healthy normal and tumorous (primary and metastatic) human tissues from the oral cavity, larynx-pharynx, and lymph nodes using 16S rRNA sequencing. Alpha and beta diversity analyses revealed that normal tissues had the greatest richness in community diversity, while the metastatic populations were most closely related to one another. Compared to the normal, the microbiota associated with tumors supported altered abundances in the phyla Fusobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria. Most notably, the relative abundance of Fusobacterium increased whereas Streptococcus decreased in both primary and metastatic samples. Principal coordinate analysis indicated a separation and clustering of samples by tissue status. However, random forest analysis revealed that the microbial profiles alone were a poor predictor for primary and metastatic HNSCC samples. Here, we report that the microbial communities residing in the tumorous tissues are compositionally distinct compared to the normal adjacent tissues. However, likely due to the smaller sample size and sample-to-sample heterogeneity, our prediction models were not able to distinguish by sample types. This work provides a foundation for future studies aimed at understanding the role of the dysbiotic tissue microbiome in HNSCC.
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Fernandez y Mostajo M, Exterkate RAM, Buijs MJ, Beertsen W, van der Weijden GA, Zaura E, Crielaard W. A reproducible microcosm biofilm model of subgingival microbial communities. J Periodontal Res 2017; 52:1021-1031. [DOI: 10.1111/jre.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Fernandez y Mostajo
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - R. A. M. Exterkate
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - M. J. Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - W. Beertsen
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and VU University; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - G. A. van der Weijden
- Department of Periodontology; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); University of Amsterdam and VU University; Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - E. Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); Amsterdam the Netherlands
| | - W. Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry; Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); Amsterdam the Netherlands
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Maternal-Child Microbiome: Specimen Collection, Storage, and Implications for Research and Practice. Nurs Res 2017; 66:175-183. [PMID: 28252577 DOI: 10.1097/nnr.0000000000000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The maternal microbiome is a key contributor to the development and outcomes of pregnancy and the health status of both mother and infant. Significant advances are occurring in the science of the maternal and child microbiome and hold promise in improving outcomes related to pregnancy complications, child development, and chronic health conditions of mother and child. OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to review site-specific considerations in the collection and storage of maternal and child microbiome samples and its implications for nursing research and practice. APPROACH Microbiome sampling protocols were reviewed and synthesized. Precautions across sampling protocols were also noted. RESULTS Oral, vaginal, gut, placental, and breast milk are viable sources for sampling the maternal and/or child microbiome. Prior to sampling, special considerations need to be addressed related to various factors including current medications, health status, and hygiene practices. Proper storage of samples will avoid degradation of cellular and DNA structures vital for analysis. DISCUSSION Changes in the microbiome throughout the perinatal, postpartum, and childhood periods are dramatic and significant to outcomes of the pregnancy and the long-term health of mother and child. Proper sampling techniques are required to produce reliable results from which evidence-based practice recommendations will be built. Ethical and practical issues surrounding study design and protocol development must also be considered when researching vulnerable groups such as pregnant women and infants. Nurses hold the responsibility to both perform the research and to translate findings from microbiome investigations for clinical use.
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55
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Coretti L, Cuomo M, Florio E, Palumbo D, Keller S, Pero R, Chiariotti L, Lembo F, Cafiero C. Subgingival dysbiosis in smoker and non‑smoker patients with chronic periodontitis. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2007-2014. [PMID: 28260061 PMCID: PMC5364964 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontitis is one of the most common oral inflammatory diseases, and results in connective tissue degradation and gradual tooth loss. It manifests with formation of periodontal pockets, in which anaerobic and Gram‑negative bacteria proliferate rapidly. Consequently, alteration of the subgingival microbiota is considered the primary etiologic agent of periodontitis. Previous studies have reported that smokers are at increased risk of periodontal disease, in both prevalence and severity, indicating that smoking is a risk factor for the onset and progression of the pathology. In the present study, 16S rRNA sequencing was employed to assess the subgingival microbiota in 6 smoker patients with chronic periodontitis, 6 non‑smoker patients with chronic periodontitis and 8 healthy controls. The results demonstrated significant alterations in the microbial structure of periodontitis patients. High relative abundance of Parvimonans, Desulfubulbus, Paludibacter, Haemophilus, and Sphaerochaeta genera characterized subgingival microbiota of periodontitis patients, both smokers and non‑smokers. Due to the high precision and sensitivity of the 16S rRNA sequencing method, analysis for low‑abundant genera (including Pedobacter, Granulicatella, Paracoccus, Atopobium, Bifidobacterium, Coprococcus, Oridobacteriu, Peptococcus, Oscillospira and Akkermansia) was feasible, and revealed novel phylotypes associated with periodontitis. Of note, a major microbial community alteration was evident in smoker patients, suggesting an association between smoking and severity of subgingival dysbiosis. The present study confirmed that chronic periodontitis is a polymicrobial disease where changes in the equilibrium of subgingival microbiota contribute to severity of pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Coretti
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, I-80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Mariella Cuomo
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, I-80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ermanno Florio
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, I-80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Domenico Palumbo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Simona Keller
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, I-80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Raffaela Pero
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Chiariotti
- Institute of Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council, I-80131 Naples, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Francesca Lembo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Carlo Cafiero
- Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry, University of Naples Federico II, I-80131 Naples, Italy
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Chopyk J, Chattopadhyay S, Kulkarni P, Smyth EM, Hittle LE, Paulson JN, Pop M, Buehler SS, Clark PI, Mongodin EF, Sapkota AR. Temporal Variations in Cigarette Tobacco Bacterial Community Composition and Tobacco-Specific Nitrosamine Content Are Influenced by Brand and Storage Conditions. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:358. [PMID: 28326071 PMCID: PMC5339245 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Tobacco products, specifically cigarettes, are home to microbial ecosystems that may play an important role in the generation of carcinogenic tobacco-specific nitrosamines (TSNAs), as well as the onset of multiple adverse human health effects associated with the use of these products. Therefore, we conducted time-series experiments with five commercially available brands of cigarettes that were either commercially mentholated, custom-mentholated, user-mentholated, or non-mentholated. To mimic user storage conditions, the cigarettes were incubated for 14 days under three different temperatures and relative humidities (i.e., pocket, refrigerator, and room). Overall, 360 samples were collected over the course of 2 weeks and total DNA was extracted, PCR amplified for the V3V4 hypervariable region of the 16S rRNA gene and sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. A subset of samples (n = 32) was also analyzed via liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry for two TSNAs: N'-nitrosonornicotine (NNN) and 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK). Comparative analyses of the five tobacco brands revealed bacterial communities dominated by Pseudomonas, Pantoea, and Bacillus, with Pseudomonas relatively stable in abundance regardless of storage condition. In addition, core bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were identified in all samples and included Bacillus pumilus, Rhizobium sp., Sphingomonas sp., unknown Enterobacteriaceae, Pantoea sp., Pseudomonas sp., Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, and P. putida. Additional OTUs were identified that significantly changed in relative abundance between day 0 and day 14, influenced by brand and storage condition. In addition, small but statistically significant increases in NNN levels were observed in user- and commercially mentholated brands between day 0 and day 14 at pocket conditions. These data suggest that manufacturing and user manipulations, such as mentholation and storage conditions, may directly impact the microbiome of cigarette tobacco as well as the levels of carcinogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Chopyk
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Suhana Chattopadhyay
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Prachi Kulkarni
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Eoghan M Smyth
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of MarylandCollege Park, MD, USA; Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of MarylandBaltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lauren E Hittle
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joseph N Paulson
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer InstituteBoston, MA, USA; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public HealthBoston, MA, USA
| | - Mihai Pop
- Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | | | - Pamela I Clark
- Department of Behavioral and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
| | - Emmanuel F Mongodin
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Maryland Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Amy R Sapkota
- Maryland Institute for Applied Environmental Health, School of Public Health, University of Maryland College Park, MD, USA
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Arvanitidis E, Bizzarro S, Alvarez Rodriguez E, Loos BG, Nicu EA. Reduced platelet hyper-reactivity and platelet-leukocyte aggregation after periodontal therapy. Thromb J 2017; 15:5. [PMID: 28190975 PMCID: PMC5292810 DOI: 10.1186/s12959-016-0125-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Platelets from untreated periodontitis patients are hyper-reactive and form more platelet-leukocyte complexes compared to cells from individuals without periodontitis. It is not known whether the improvement of the periodontal condition achievable by therapy has beneficial effects on the platelet function. We aimed to assess the effects of periodontal therapy on platelet reactivity. Methods Patients with periodontitis (n = 25) but unaffected by any other medical condition or medication were included and donated blood before and after periodontal therapy. Reactivity to ADP or oral bacteria was assessed by flow cytometric analysis of membrane markers (binding of PAC-1, P-selectin, CD63) and platelet-leukocyte complex formation. Reactivity values were expressed as ratio between the stimulated and unstimulated sample. Plasma levels of soluble (s) P-selectin were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Binding of PAC-1, the expression of P-selectin and CD63 in response to the oral bacterium P. gingivalis were lower at recall (1.4 ± 1.1, 1.5 ± 1.2, and 1.0 ± 0.1) than at baseline (2.7 ± 4.1, P = 0.026, 6.0 ± 12.5, P = 0.045, and 2.7 ± 6.7, P = 0.042, respectively). Formation of platelet-leukocyte complexes in response to P. gingivalis was also reduced at recall compared to baseline (1.2 ± 0.7 vs. 11.4 ± 50.5, P = 0.045). sP-selectin levels were significantly increased post-therapy. Conclusions In periodontitis patients, the improvement of the periodontal condition is paralleled by a reduction in platelet hyper-reactivity. We suggest that periodontal therapy, as an intervention for improved oral health, can facilitate the management of thrombotic risk, and on the long term can contribute to the prevention of cardiovascular events in patients at risk. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials identifier ISRCTN36043780. Retrospectively registered 25 September 2013. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12959-016-0125-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efthymios Arvanitidis
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam, 1081LA The Netherlands
| | - Sergio Bizzarro
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam, 1081LA The Netherlands
| | - Elena Alvarez Rodriguez
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam, 1081LA The Netherlands
| | - Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam, 1081LA The Netherlands
| | - Elena A Nicu
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Gustav Mahlerlaan 3004, Amsterdam, 1081LA The Netherlands
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58
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Nagarajan R, Al-Sabbagh M, Dawson D, Ebersole JL. Integrated biomarker profiling of smokers with periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2017; 44:238-246. [PMID: 27925695 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the context of precision medicine, understanding patient-specific variation is an important step in developing targeted and patient-tailored treatment regimens for periodontitis. While several studies have successfully demonstrated the usefulness of molecular expression profiling in conjunction with single classifier systems in discerning distinct disease groups, the majority of these studies do not provide sufficient insights into potential variations within the disease groups. AIM The goal of this study was to discern biological response profiles of periodontitis and non-periodontitis smoking subjects using an informed panel of biomarkers across multiple scales (salivary, oral microbiome, pathogens and other markers). MATERIAL & METHODS The investigation uses a novel ensemble classification approach (SVA-SVM) to differentiate disease groups and patient-specific biological variation of systemic inflammatory mediators and IgG antibody to oral commensal and pathogenic bacteria within the groups. RESULTS Sensitivity of SVA-SVM is shown to be considerably higher than several traditional independent classifier systems. Patient-specific networks generated from SVA-SVM are also shown to reveal crosstalk between biomarkers in discerning the disease groups. High-confidence classifiers in these network abstractions comprised of host responses to microbial infection elucidated their critical role in discerning the disease groups. CONCLUSIONS Host adaptive immune responses to the oral colonization/infection contribute significantly to creating the profiles specific for periodontitis patients with potential to assist in defining patient-specific risk profiles and tailored interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Nagarajan
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Mohanad Al-Sabbagh
- Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Dolph Dawson
- Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Ebersole
- Division of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA.,Center for Oral Health Research, College of Dentistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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59
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Jiao J, Shi D, Cao ZQ, Meng HX, Lu RF, Zhang L, Song Y, Zhao JR. Effectiveness of non-surgical periodontal therapy in a large Chinese population with chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2016; 44:42-50. [PMID: 27726174 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian Jiao
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Dong Shi
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Zhan-qiang Cao
- Information Center; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Huan-xin Meng
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Rui-fang Lu
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Yi Song
- Institute of Child and Adolescent Health; School of Public Health; Peking University; Beijing China
- Social Medicine and Global Health; Department of Clinical Sciences; Lund University; Malmö Sweden
| | - Jing-ren Zhao
- Department of General Dentistry; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology; Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology; Beijing China
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Spooner R, Weigel KM, Harrison PL, Lee K, Cangelosi GA, Yilmaz Ö. In Situ Anabolic Activity of Periodontal Pathogens Porphyromonas gingivalis and Filifactor alocis in Chronic Periodontitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33638. [PMID: 27642101 PMCID: PMC5027532 DOI: 10.1038/srep33638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis and Filifactor alocis are fastidious anaerobic bacteria strongly associated with chronic forms of periodontitis. Our understanding of the growth activities of these microorganisms in situ is very limited. Previous studies have shown that copy numbers of ribosomal-RNA precursor (pre-rRNA) of specific pathogen species relative to genomic-DNA (gDNA) of the same species (P:G ratios) are greater in actively growing bacterial cells than in resting cells. The method, so-called steady-state pre-rRNA-analysis, represents a novel culture-independent approach to study bacteria. This study employed this technique to examine the in situ growth activities of oral bacteria in periodontitis before and after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Sub-gingival paper-point samples were taken at initial and re-evaluation appointments. Pre-rRNA and gDNA levels of P. gingivalis and F. alocis were quantified and compared using reverse-transcriptase qPCR. The results indicate significantly reduced growth activity of P. gingivalis, but not F. alocis, after therapy. The P:G ratios of P. gingivalis and F. alocis were compared and a low-strength, but statistically significant inter-species correlation was detected. Our study demonstrates that steady-state pre-rRNA-analysis can be a valuable culture-independent approach to studying opportunistic bacteria in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralee Spooner
- Divison of Periodontics, Department of Stomatology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Lieutenant, Dental Corps, Navy Professional Medicine Development Center, Bethesda, MD 20889, USA
| | - Kris M Weigel
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Peter L Harrison
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - KyuLim Lee
- Department of Periodontology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Gerard A Cangelosi
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Özlem Yilmaz
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
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Kato I, Vasquez AA, Moyerbrailean G, Land S, Sun J, Lin HS, Ram JL. Oral microbiome and history of smoking and colorectal cancer. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 2:92-101. [PMID: 28111632 DOI: 10.5430/jer.v2n2p92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The equilibrium of oral microbiome may be altered by environmental factors, including cigarette smoking. Several recent studies also suggest that oral pathogens causing periodontal disease, such as Fusobacterium nucleatum, are involved in pathogenesis of colorectal cancer. METHODS For this study oral rinse DNA samples from 190 participants in a population-based case-control study for colorectal cancer were used to amplify a V3-V4 region of bacterial 16S rRNA gene. The amplicons were sequenced using Illumina MiSeq paired end chemistry on two runs, yielding approximately 35 million filtered reads which were assigned to bacterial phyla. RESULTS No association was found between Fusobacterium abundance or presence and colorectal cancer. However, adjusted for age and experimental batch, colorectal cancer history was associated with increased presence of genus Lactobacillus and increased relative abundance of Rothia by 28% and current smoking was associated with a 33% decrease in relative counts of Betaproteobacteria (primarily Neisseria) and 23% increase in relative abundance of Veillonellaceae family. We also found that smoking had significant effects on the 2nd component scores and 2nd coordinate distances in principal component and coordinate analyses. CONCLUSIONS It remains to be elucidated whether the observed differences can be translated into biochemical changes in oral environment, thus potentially affecting oral health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikuko Kato
- Department of Oncology and Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Adrian A Vasquez
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Gregory Moyerbrailean
- Center for Molecular Medicine and Genetics, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Susan Land
- Department of Oncology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jun Sun
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ho-Sheng Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Jeffrey L Ram
- Department of Physiology, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
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62
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Nicu EA, Loos BG. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils in periodontitis and their possible modulation as a therapeutic approach. Periodontol 2000 2016; 71:140-63. [DOI: 10.1111/prd.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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63
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Mai X, Genco RJ, LaMonte MJ, Hovey KM, Freudenheim JL, Andrews CA, Wactawski-Wende J. Periodontal Pathogens and Risk of Incident Cancer in Postmenopausal Females: The Buffalo OsteoPerio Study. J Periodontol 2016; 87:257-67. [PMID: 26513268 PMCID: PMC4915107 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Extraoral translocation of oral bacteria may contribute to associations between periodontal disease and cancer. The associations among the presence of three orange-complex periodontal pathogens (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Prevotella intermedia, and Campylobacter rectus), two red-complex periodontal pathogens (Porphyromonas gingivalis and Tannerella forsythia), and cancer risk were investigated. METHODS A total of 1,252 postmenopausal females enrolled in the Buffalo Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease Study were followed prospectively. Baseline subgingival plaque samples were assessed for the presence of periodontal pathogens using indirect immunofluorescence. Incident cancer cases were adjudicated by staff physicians via review of medical records. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the associations of periodontal pathogens with total cancer and site-specific cancer risk in unadjusted and multivariable-adjusted models. RESULTS Neither the presence of individual pathogens nor the presence of any red-complex pathogens was associated with total cancer or site-specific cancers. Borderline associations were seen among the presence of any orange-complex pathogens (F. nucleatum, P. intermedia, and C. rectus), total cancer risk (HR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.00 to 1.84), and lung cancer risk (HR = 3.02, 95% CI = 0.98 to 9.29). CONCLUSIONS No associations were found between the presence of individual subgingival pathogens and cancer risk. However, there were suggestions of borderline positive associations of the presence of any orange-complex pathogens with total cancer and lung cancer risk. The study is limited by the small number of cancer cases and the assessment of only five oral bacteria. Additional research is needed to understand the possible role of periodontal disease in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Mai
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Robert J. Genco
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York
| | - Michael J. LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Kathleen M. Hovey
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | - Jo L. Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY
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Maheaswari R, Kshirsagar JT, Lavanya N. Polymerase chain reaction: A molecular diagnostic tool in periodontology. J Indian Soc Periodontol 2016; 20:128-35. [PMID: 27143822 PMCID: PMC4847456 DOI: 10.4103/0972-124x.176391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review discusses the principles of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its application as a diagnostic tool in periodontology. The relevant MEDLINE and PubMed indexed journals were searched manually and electronically by typing PCR, applications of PCR, PCR in periodontics, polymorphism studies in periodontitis, and molecular techniques in periodontology. The searches were limited to articles in English language and the articles describing PCR process and its relation to periodontology were collected and used to prepare a concise review. PCR has now become a standard diagnostic and research tool in periodontology. Various studies reveal that its sensitivity and specificity allow it as a rapid, efficient method of detecting, identifying, and quantifying organism. Different immune and inflammatory markers can be identified at the mRNA expression level, and also the determination of genetic polymorphisms, thus providing the deeper insight into the mechanisms underlying the periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajendran Maheaswari
- Department of Periodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Nallasivam Lavanya
- Department of Periodontics, Tamil Nadu Government Dental College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
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Bizzarro S, Laine ML, Buijs MJ, Brandt BW, Crielaard W, Loos BG, Zaura E. Microbial profiles at baseline and not the use of antibiotics determine the clinical outcome of the treatment of chronic periodontitis. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20205. [PMID: 26830979 PMCID: PMC4735321 DOI: 10.1038/srep20205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotics are often used in the treatment of chronic periodontitis, which is a major cause of tooth loss. However, evidence in favour of a microbial indication for the prescription of antibiotics is lacking, which may increase the risk of the possible indiscriminate use of antibiotics, and consequent, microbial resistance. Here, using an open-ended technique, we report the changes in the subgingival microbiome up to one year post-treatment of patients treated with basic periodontal therapy with or without antibiotics. Antibiotics resulted in a greater influence on the microbiome 3 months after therapy, but this difference disappeared at 6 months. Greater microbial diversity, specific taxa and certain microbial co-occurrences at baseline and not the use of antibiotics predicted better clinical treatment outcomes. Our results demonstrate the predictive value of specific subgingival bacterial profiles for the decision to prescribe antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis, but they also indicate the need for alternative therapies based on ecological approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bizzarro
- Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M L Laine
- Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M J Buijs
- Department of Preventive Dentistry Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B W Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B G Loos
- Department of Periodontology Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Zaura
- Department of Preventive Dentistry Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Freudenheim JL, Genco RJ, LaMonte MJ, Millen AE, Hovey KM, Mai X, Nwizu N, Andrews CA, Wactawski-Wende J. Periodontal Disease and Breast Cancer: Prospective Cohort Study of Postmenopausal Women. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2016; 25:43-50. [PMID: 26689418 PMCID: PMC4713270 DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-15-0750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Periodontal disease has been consistently associated with chronic disease; there are no large studies of breast cancer, although oral-associated microbes are present in breast tumors. METHODS In the Women's Health Initiative Observational Study, a prospective cohort of postmenopausal women, 73,737 women without previous breast cancer were followed. Incident, primary, invasive breast tumors were verified by physician adjudication. Periodontal disease was by self-report. HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards, adjusted for breast cancer risk factors. Because the oral microbiome of those with periodontal disease differs with smoking status, we examined associations stratified by smoking. RESULTS 2,124 incident, invasive breast cancer cases were identified after mean follow-up of 6.7 years. Periodontal disease, reported by 26.1% of women, was associated with increased breast cancer risk (HR 1.14; 95% CI, 1.03-1.26), particularly among former smokers who quit within 20 years (HR 1.36; 95% CI, 1.05-1.77). Among current smokers, the trend was similar (HR 1.32; 95% CI, 0.83-2.11); there were few cases (n = 74) and the CI included the null. The population attributable fraction was 12.06% (95% CI, 1.12-21.79) and 10.90% (95% CI, 10.31-28.94) for periodontal disease among former smokers quitting within 20 years and current smokers, respectively. CONCLUSION Periodontal disease, a common chronic inflammatory disorder, was associated with increased risk of postmenopausal breast cancer, particularly among former smokers who quit in the past 20 years. IMPACT Understanding a possible role of the oral microbiome in breast carcinogenesis could impact prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo L Freudenheim
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York.
| | - Robert J Genco
- Department of Oral Biology, School of Dental Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Michael J LaMonte
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Amy E Millen
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Kathleen M Hovey
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Xiaodan Mai
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Ngozi Nwizu
- Department of Diagnostic and Biomedical Sciences, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston School of Dentistry, Houston, Texas
| | - Christopher A Andrews
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Jean Wactawski-Wende
- Department of Epidemiology and Environmental Health, School of Public Health and Health Professions, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
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67
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Amaliya A, Laine ML, Loos BG, Van der Velden U. Java project on periodontal diseases: effect of vitamin C/calcium threonate/citrus flavonoids supplementation on periodontal pathogens, CRP and HbA1c. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:1097-104. [PMID: 26549279 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess in a periodontally diseased rural population deprived from regular dental care and having poor dietary conditions, the effect of vitamin C/calcium threonate/citrus flavonoids (VitC/Ca/Fl) supplementation on subgingival microbiota and plasma levels of vitamin C, HbA1c and hsCRP. MATERIAL & METHODS The study population consisted of 98 subjects who previously participated in a prospective study on the natural history of periodontitis. Participants were instructed to consume one tablet/day containing 200 mg Ester C(®) calcium ascorbate, 25 mg calcium threonate and 100 mg citrus flavonoids for 90 days. Following parameters were evaluated: prevalence/amount of seven traditional periodontal pathogens, cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus (EBV); and plasma levels of vitamin C, HbA1c and hsCRP. RESULTS After VitC/Ca/Fl supplementation, 100% of subjects showed normal plasma vitamin C values compared to 55% before. At baseline, 48% of subjects harboured Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, >97% the other periodontal pathogens and 73% EBV. Supplementation with VitC/Ca/F reduced the subgingival load of all studied bacteria (p-values: 0.014-0.0001) and EBV (p < 0.0001) substantially in all initially positive subjects. Plasma levels of HbA1c and hsCRP dropped in all subjects (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION This uncontrolled study suggested that supplemental VitC/Ca/Fl may be helpful in reducing subgingival numbers of periodontal pathogens and EBV, and promoting systemic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amaliya Amaliya
- Department of Periodontology, Padjadjaran State University, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Marja L Laine
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno G Loos
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ubele Van der Velden
- Department of Periodontology, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Li Y, Feng X, Xu L, Zhang L, Lu R, Shi D, Wang X, Chen F, Li J, Meng H. Oral microbiome in chinese patients with aggressive periodontitis and their family members. J Clin Periodontol 2015; 42:1015-23. [PMID: 26412568 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Li
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Xianghui Feng
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Li Xu
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Ruifang Lu
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Dong Shi
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Xiane Wang
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Feng Chen
- Central laboratory; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
| | - Jie Li
- BGI; Beishan Industrial Zone; Guangdong China
| | - Huanxin Meng
- Department of Periodontology; Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology; Beijing China
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69
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Gomes BPFA, Berber VB, Kokaras AS, Chen T, Paster BJ. Microbiomes of Endodontic-Periodontal Lesions before and after Chemomechanical Preparation. J Endod 2015; 41:1975-84. [PMID: 26521147 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 08/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study was conducted to evaluate the microbiomes of endodontic-periodontal lesions before and after chemomechanical preparation (CMP). METHODS Clinical samples were taken from 15 root canals (RCs) with necrotic pulp tissues and from their associated periodontal pockets (PPs) (n = 15) of teeth with endodontic-periodontal lesions before and after CMP. The Human Oral Microbe Identification using Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) protocol and viable culture were used to analyze samples from RCs and PPs. The Mann-Whitney U test and Benjamini-Hochberg corrections were performed to correlate the clinical and radiographic findings with microbial findings (P < .05). RESULTS Bacteria were detected in 100% of the samples in both sites (15/15) using NGS. Firmicutes was the most predominant phylum in both sites using both methods. The most frequently detected species in the RCs before and after CMP using NGS were Enterococcus faecalis, Parvimonas micra, Mogibacterium timidum, Filifactor alocis, and Fretibacterium fastidiosum. The species most frequently detected in the PPs before and after CMP using NGS were P. micra, E. faecalis, Streptococcus constellatus, Eubacterium brachy, Tannerella forsythia, and F. alocis. Associations were found between periapical lesions ≤ 2 mm and Desulfobulbus sp oral taxon 041 and with periodontal pockets ≥ 6 mm and Dialister invisius and Peptostreptococcus stomatis (all P < .05, found in the RCs before CMP). CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that the microbial community present in combined endodontic-periodontal lesions is complex and more diverse than previously reported. It is important to note that bacteria do survive in some root canals after CMP. Finally, the similarity between the microbiota of both sites, before and after CMP, suggests there may be a pathway of infection between the pulp and periodontium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda P F A Gomes
- Endodontic Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
| | - Vanessa B Berber
- Endodontic Division, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Alexis S Kokaras
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Bruce J Paster
- Department of Microbiology, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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De Almeida J, Ervolino E, Bonfietti LH, Novaes VCN, Theodoro LH, Fernandes LA, Martins TM, Faleiros PL, Garcia VG. Adjuvant Therapy With Sodium Alendronate for the Treatment of Experimental Periodontitis in Rats. J Periodontol 2015; 86:1166-75. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2015.150166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Tsigarida AA, Dabdoub SM, Nagaraja HN, Kumar PS. The Influence of Smoking on the Peri-Implant Microbiome. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1202-17. [PMID: 26124222 PMCID: PMC4547314 DOI: 10.1177/0022034515590581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Smokers are at high risk for 2 bacterially driven oral diseases: peri-implant mucositis and peri-implantitis. Therefore, the purpose of this investigation was to use a deep-sequencing approach to identify the effect of smoking on the peri-implant microbiome in states of health and disease. Peri-implant biofilm samples were collected from 80 partially edentulous subjects with peri-implant health, peri-implant mucositis, and peri-implantitis. Bacterial DNA was isolated and 16S ribsomal RNA gene libraries sequenced using 454-pyrosequencing targeting the V1 to V3 and V7 to V9 regions. In total, 790,692 classifiable sequences were compared against the HOMD database for bacterial identification. Community-level comparisons were carried out using UniFrac and nonparametric tests. Microbial signatures of health in smokers exhibited lower diversity compared to nonsmokers, with significant enrichment for disease-associated species. Shifts from health to mucositis were accompanied by loss of several health-associated species, leading to a further decrease in diversity. Peri-implantitis did not differ significantly from mucositis in species richness or evenness. In nonsmokers, by contrast, the shift from health to mucositis resembled primary ecological succession, with acquisition of several species without replacement of pioneer organisms, thereby creating a significant increase in diversity. Again, few differences were detected between peri-implantitis and mucositis. Thus, our data suggest that smoking shapes the peri-implant microbiomes even in states of clinical health, by supporting a pathogen-rich community. In both smokers and nonsmokers, peri-implant mucositis appears to be a pivotal event in disease progression, creating high-at-risk-for-harm communities. However, ecological succession follows distinctly divergent pathways in smokers and nonsmokers, indicating a need for personalized therapeutics for control and prevention of disease in these 2 cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Tsigarida
- Division of Periodontics, Eastman Institute for Oral Health, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - S M Dabdoub
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - H N Nagaraja
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - P S Kumar
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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72
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Camelo-Castillo AJ, Mira A, Pico A, Nibali L, Henderson B, Donos N, Tomás I. Subgingival microbiota in health compared to periodontitis and the influence of smoking. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:119. [PMID: 25814980 PMCID: PMC4356944 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of periodontitis has traditionally been associated to a consortium of three bacterial species—the so-called “red-complex” of periodontal disease—which has been the target for most diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. However, other species have also been found to correlate with disease severity. In addition, the influence of smoking on periodontal microbiota is poorly understood. In the current manuscript, the composition of the subgingival microbiota in healthy individuals vs. patients with chronic periodontitis has been investigated using 16S pyrosequencing and the influence of smoking on periodontal composition has been examined. Subgingival bacterial communities were sampled from 82 patients: 22 non-smoking healthy controls, 28 non-smoking periodontal patients, and 32 smoking periodontal patients. Bacterial diversity was higher in periodontal patients than in healthy subjects, which could be interpreted as the consequence of a nutritionally richer environment or a reduced immune competence. Periodontal patients showed a significantly higher prevalence/relative abundance of “established” periopathogens but also other taxa whose role is not well-established and that should be targets for future research. These include Anaeroglobus, Bulleidia, Desulfobulbus, Filifactor, Mogibacterium, Phocaeicola, Schwartzia or TM7. The microbial community of smoking-associated periodontitis is less diverse and distinct from that of non-smokers, indicating that smoking has an influence on periodontal ecology. Interestingly, the high sequencing coverage allowed the detection at low proportions of periodontal pathogens in all healthy individuals, indicating that chronic periodontitis cannot be strictly considered an infectious disease but the outcome of a polymicrobial dysbiosis, where changes in the proportions of microbial consortia trigger the inflammatory and tissue-degradation responses of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anny J Camelo-Castillo
- Department of Health and Genomics, Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health, Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana Foundation Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Health and Genomics, Centre for Advanced Research in Public Health, Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana Foundation Valencia, Spain
| | - Alex Pico
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago, Spain
| | - Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University College London-Eastman Dental Institute London, UK
| | - Brian Henderson
- Department of Microbial Diseases, University College London-Eastman Dental Institute London, UK
| | - Nikolaos Donos
- Periodontology Unit, Department of Clinical Research, University College London-Eastman Dental Institute London, UK
| | - Inmaculada Tomás
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Special Needs Unit, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Santiago de Compostela Santiago, Spain
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Kirst ME, Li EC, Alfant B, Chi YY, Walker C, Magnusson I, Wang GP. Dysbiosis and alterations in predicted functions of the subgingival microbiome in chronic periodontitis. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:783-93. [PMID: 25398868 PMCID: PMC4277562 DOI: 10.1128/aem.02712-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic periodontitis is an inflammatory disease of the periodontium affecting nearly 65 million adults in the United States. Changes in subgingival microbiota have long been associated with chronic periodontitis. Recent culture-independent molecular studies have revealed the immense richness and complexity of oral microbial communities. However, data sets across studies have not been directly compared, and whether the observed microbial variations are consistent across different studies is not known. Here, we used 16S rRNA sequencing to survey the subgingival microbiota in 25 subjects with chronic periodontal disease and 25 healthy controls and compared our data sets with those of three previously reported microbiome studies. Consistent with data from previous studies, our results demonstrate a significantly altered microbial community structure with decreased heterogeneity in periodontal disease. Comparison with data from three previously reported studies revealed that subgingival microbiota clustered by study. However, differences between periodontal health and disease were larger than the technical variations across studies. Using a prediction score and applying five different distance metrics, we observed two predominant clusters. One cluster was driven by Fusobacterium and Porphyromonas and was associated with clinically apparent periodontitis, and the second cluster was dominated by Rothia and Streptococcus in the majority of healthy sites. The predicted functional capabilities of the periodontitis microbiome were significantly altered. Genes involved in bacterial motility, energy metabolism, and lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis were overrepresented in periodontal disease, whereas genes associated with transporters, the phosphotransferase system, transcription factors, amino acid biosynthesis, and glycolysis/gluconeogenesis were enriched in healthy controls. These results demonstrate significant alterations in microbial composition and function in periodontitis and suggest genes and metabolic pathways associated with periodontal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana E Kirst
- College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Eric C Li
- College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Barnett Alfant
- College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Yueh-Yun Chi
- College of Medicine and College of Public Health and Health Professions, Department of Biostatistics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Clay Walker
- College of Dentistry, Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ingvar Magnusson
- College of Dentistry, Department of Periodontology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Gary P Wang
- College of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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Schaumann S, Staufenbiel I, Scherer R, Schilhabel M, Winkel A, Stumpp SN, Eberhard J, Stiesch M. Pyrosequencing of supra- and subgingival biofilms from inflamed peri-implant and periodontal sites. BMC Oral Health 2014; 14:157. [PMID: 25518856 PMCID: PMC4298060 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6831-14-157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the microbial composition of biofilms at inflamed peri-implant and periodontal tissues in the same subject, using 16S rRNA sequencing. METHODS Supra- and submucosal, and supra- and subgingival plaque samples were collected from 7 subjects suffering from diseased peri-implant and periodontal tissues. Bacterial DNA was isolated and 16S rRNA genes were amplified, sequenced and aligned for the identification of bacterial genera. RESULTS 43734 chimera-depleted, denoised sequences were identified, corresponding to 1 phylum, 8 classes, 10 orders, 44 families and 150 genera. The most abundant families or genera found in supramucosal or supragingival plaque were Streptoccocaceae, Rothia and Porphyromonas. In submucosal plaque, the most abundant family or genera found were Rothia, Streptococcaceae and Porphyromonas on implants. The most abundant subgingival bacteria on teeth were Prevotella, Streptococcaceae, and TG5. The number of sequences found for the genera Tannerella and Aggregatibacter on implants differed significantly between supra- and submucosal locations before multiple testing. The analyses demonstrated no significant differences between microbiomes on implants and teeth in supra- or submucosal and supra- or subgingival biofilms. CONCLUSION Diseased peri-implant and periodontal tissues in the same subject share similiar bacterial genera and based on the analysis of taxa on a genus level biofilm compositions may not account for the potentially distinct pathologies at implants or teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Schaumann
- />Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ingmar Staufenbiel
- />Department of Conservative Dentistry, Periodontology and Preventive Dentistry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ralph Scherer
- />Institute for Biometry, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Markus Schilhabel
- />Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Christian-Albrechts-University Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Winkel
- />Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sascha Nico Stumpp
- />Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörg Eberhard
- />Peri-implant and Oral Infections, Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Meike Stiesch
- />Department of Prosthetic Dentistry and Biomedical Materials Science, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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75
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Moon JH, Lee JH, Lee JY. Subgingival microbiome in smokers and non-smokers in Korean chronic periodontitis patients. Mol Oral Microbiol 2014; 30:227-41. [PMID: 25283067 DOI: 10.1111/omi.12086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Smoking is a major environmental factor associated with periodontal diseases. However, we still have a very limited understanding of the relationship between smoking and subgingival microflora in the global population. Here, we investigated the composition of subgingival bacterial communities from the pooled plaque samples of smokers and non-smokers, 134 samples in each group, in Korean patients with moderate chronic periodontitis using 16S rRNA gene-based pyrosequencing. A total of 17,927 reads were analyzed and classified into 12 phyla, 126 genera, and 394 species. Differences in bacterial communities between smokers and non-smokers were examined at all phylogenetic levels. The genera Fusobacterium, Fretibacterium, Streptococcus, Veillonella, Corynebacterium, TM7, and Filifactor were abundant in smokers. On the other hand, Prevotella, Campylobacter, Aggregatibacter, Veillonellaceae GQ422718, Haemophilus, and Prevotellaceae were less abundant in smokers. Among species-level taxa occupying > 1% of whole subgingival microbiome of smokers, higher abundance (≥ 2.0-fold compared to non-smokers) of seven species or operational taxonomic units (OTUs) was found: Fusobacterium nucleatum, Neisseria sicca, Neisseria oralis, Corynebacterium matruchotii, Veillonella dispar, Filifactor alocis, and Fretibacterium AY349371. On the other hand, lower abundance of 11 species or OTUs was found in smokers: Neisseria elongata, six Prevotella species or OTUs, Fusobacterium canifelinum, Aggregatibacter AM420165, Selenomonas OTU, and Veillonellaceae GU470897. Species richness and evenness were similar between the groups whereas diversity was greater in smokers than non-smokers. Collectively, the results of the present study indicate that differences exist in the subgingival bacterial community between smoker and non-smoker patients with chronic moderate periodontitis in Korea, suggesting that cigarette smoking considerably affects subgingival bacterial ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-H Moon
- Department of Maxillofacial Biomedical Engineering, School of Dentistry, Institute of Oral Biology, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea; Department of Life and Nanopharmaceutical Sciences, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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76
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Guglielmetti MR, Rosa EF, Lourenção DS, Inoue G, Gomes EF, De Micheli G, Mendes FM, Hirata RD, Hirata MH, Pannuti CM. Detection and Quantification of Periodontal Pathogens in Smokers and Never-Smokers With Chronic Periodontitis by Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. J Periodontol 2014; 85:1450-7. [DOI: 10.1902/jop.2014.140048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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77
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Joshi V, Matthews C, Aspiras M, de Jager M, Ward M, Kumar P. Smoking decreases structural and functional resilience in the subgingival ecosystem. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:1037-47. [PMID: 25139209 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Dysbiotic microbial communities underlie the aetiology of several oral diseases, especially in smokers. The ability of an ecosystem to rebound from the dysbiotic state and re-establish a health-compatible community, a characteristic known as resilience, plays an important role in susceptibility to future disease. The present investigation was undertaken to examine the effects of smoking on colonization dynamics and resilience in marginal and subgingival biofilms. MATERIALS AND METHODS Marginal and subgingival plaque and gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected from 25 current and 25 never smokers with pre-existing gingivitis at baseline, following resolution, after 1, 2 4, 7, 14 and 21 days of undisturbed plaque formation and following resolution. 16S cloning and sequencing was used for bacterial identification and multiplexed bead-based flow cytometry was used to quantify the levels of 27 immune mediators. RESULTS Smokers demonstrated an early pathogenic colonization that led to sustained pathogen enrichment with periodontal and respiratory pathogens, eliciting a florid immune response. Smokers also demonstrated greater abundance of pathogenic species, poor compositional correlation between marginal and subgingival ecosystems, and significantly greater pro-inflammatory responses following resolution of the second episode of disease. CONCLUSIONS The ability of the subgingival microbiome to "reset" itself following episodes of disease is decreased in smokers, thereby lowering the resilience of the ecosystem and decreasing its resistance to future disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Joshi
- Division of Periodontology, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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78
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Saraiva L, Rebeis ES, Martins EDS, Sekiguchi RT, Ando-Suguimoto ES, Mafra CES, Holzhausen M, Romito GA, Mayer MPA. IgG sera levels against a subset of periodontopathogens and severity of disease in aggressive periodontitis patients: a cross-sectional study of selected pocket sites. J Clin Periodontol 2014; 41:943-51. [DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.12296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luciana Saraiva
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Estela S. Rebeis
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Eder de S. Martins
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Ricardo T. Sekiguchi
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Ellen S. Ando-Suguimoto
- Department of Microbiology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | | | - Marinella Holzhausen
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Giuseppe A. Romito
- Department of Periodontology; Dental School; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
| | - Marcia P. A. Mayer
- Department of Microbiology; Institute of Biomedical Sciences; University of São Paulo; São Paulo SP Brazil
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79
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The effect of propidium monoazide treatment on the measured bacterial composition of clinical samples after the use of a mouthwash. Clin Oral Investig 2014; 19:813-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00784-014-1297-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 07/22/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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80
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Microbiome and mucosal inflammation as extra-articular triggers for rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmunity. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2014; 26:101-7. [PMID: 24247114 DOI: 10.1097/bor.0000000000000008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Despite the progress toward understanding the molecular pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), its cause remains elusive. Genes are important but rather insufficient to explain the majority of RA cases. This review describes the novel data supporting the microbiome and its interactions with the human host as potential en('in')vironmental factors in RA pathogenesis. RECENT FINDINGS Animal models of inflammatory arthritis have shown that the presence of bacteria in mucosal surfaces is sufficient to alter local and systemic host immune responses and elicit joint inflammation. Human RA studies have focused on three mucosal sites: the gut, the gingiva, and the respiratory tree. The oral microbiome, and specifically Porphyromonas gingivalis, has long been implicated. Novel sequencing technologies have allowed investigations into the role of the gut microbiome in the development of autoimmune arthritis. Most recently, the pulmonary parenchyma has also been described as yet another possible mucosal site of initiation of autoimmunity in RA. SUMMARY Emerging data implicate the microbiome in RA pathogenesis. Mucosal sites exposed to a high load of bacterial antigens--such as the periodontium, lung, and gut--may represent the initial site of autoimmune generation. If validated, these findings could lead to the discovery of potential biomarkers and therapeutic approaches in the preclinical and clinical phases of RA.
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81
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Naidu M, Robles-Sikisaka R, Abeles SR, Boehm TK, Pride DT. Characterization of bacteriophage communities and CRISPR profiles from dental plaque. BMC Microbiol 2014; 14:175. [PMID: 24981669 PMCID: PMC4104742 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2180-14-175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2013] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dental plaque is home to a diverse and complex community of bacteria, but has generally been believed to be inhabited by relatively few viruses. We sampled the saliva and dental plaque from 4 healthy human subjects to determine whether plaque was populated by viral communities, and whether there were differences in viral communities specific to subject or sample type. Results We found that the plaque was inhabited by a community of bacteriophage whose membership was mostly subject-specific. There was a significant proportion of viral homologues shared between plaque and salivary viromes within each subject, suggesting that some oral viruses were present in both sites. We also characterized Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPRs) in oral streptococci, as their profiles provide clues to the viruses that oral bacteria may be able to counteract. While there were some CRISPR spacers specific to each sample type, many more were shared across sites and were highly subject specific. Many CRISPR spacers matched viruses present in plaque, suggesting that the evolution of CRISPR loci may have been specific to plaque-derived viruses. Conclusions Our findings of subject specificity to both plaque-derived viruses and CRISPR profiles suggest that human viral ecology may be highly personalized.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - David T Pride
- Department of Pathology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA.
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82
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Schmidt BL, Kuczynski J, Bhattacharya A, Huey B, Corby PM, Queiroz ELS, Nightingale K, Kerr AR, DeLacure MD, Veeramachaneni R, Olshen AB, Albertson DG. Changes in abundance of oral microbiota associated with oral cancer. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98741. [PMID: 24887397 PMCID: PMC4041887 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 245] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual bacteria and shifts in the composition of the microbiome have been associated with human diseases including cancer. To investigate changes in the microbiome associated with oral cancers, we profiled cancers and anatomically matched contralateral normal tissue from the same patient by sequencing 16S rDNA hypervariable region amplicons. In cancer samples from both a discovery and a subsequent confirmation cohort, abundance of Firmicutes (especially Streptococcus) and Actinobacteria (especially Rothia) was significantly decreased relative to contralateral normal samples from the same patient. Significant decreases in abundance of these phyla were observed for pre-cancers, but not when comparing samples from contralateral sites (tongue and floor of mouth) from healthy individuals. Weighted UniFrac principal coordinates analysis based on 12 taxa separated most cancers from other samples with greatest separation of node positive cases. These studies begin to develop a framework for exploiting the oral microbiome for monitoring oral cancer development, progression and recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian L. Schmidt
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Justin Kuczynski
- Bioinformatics Department, Second Genome, San Bruno, California, United States of America
| | - Aditi Bhattacharya
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bing Huey
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Patricia M. Corby
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Erica L. S. Queiroz
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kira Nightingale
- Bluestone Center for Clinical Research, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - A. Ross Kerr
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Radiology and Medicine, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Mark D. DeLacure
- Departments of Otolaryngology and Plastic Surgery, New York University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Ratna Veeramachaneni
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Adam B. Olshen
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Donna G. Albertson
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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83
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Genco RJ, Genco FD. Common risk factors in the management of periodontal and associated systemic diseases: the dental setting and interprofessional collaboration. J Evid Based Dent Pract 2014; 14 Suppl:4-16. [PMID: 24929584 DOI: 10.1016/j.jebdp.2014.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED There is a role for dentistry in the interprofessional management of chronic diseases by addressing common risk factors BACKGROUND A critical scientific foundation has developed for management of risk factors common to major diseases including periodontal disease, caries, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer. PURPOSE The purpose of this paper is to critically review this scientific literature. This will provide the basis for the current and future role of the dental setting in common risk factor identification and modification; with an emphasis on the role of the dental hygienist. METHODS A systematic review of the literature and analysis of the relevant papers was undertaken to support the recommendations. CONCLUSIONS We propose that the appropriate risk factor management procedures be adopted in the dental setting for smoking cessation, reduction of sugar consumption, and weight control in those patients at risk for one or a combination of the following diseases: periodontal disease, caries, diabetes, heart disease and certain cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Genco
- Office of Science, Technology Transfer and Economic Outreach, State University of New York at Buffalo, Baird Research Park, Amherst, NY 14228, USA.
| | - Frances Doherty Genco
- School of Dental Medicine, Department of Oral Biology, State University of New York at Buffalo, Foster Hall, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
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Abstract
In the last half-decade or so, interest in the bacterial part of the human microbiome and its role in maintaining health have received considerable attention. Since 2009, over 300 publications have appeared describing the oral bacterial microbiome. Strikingly, fungi in the oral cavity have been studied exclusively in relation to pathologies. However, little to nothing is known about a role of fungi in establishing and maintaining a healthy oral ecology. In a healthy ecology, balance is maintained by the combined positive and negative influences between and among its members. Interactions between fungi and bacteria occur primarily at a physical and chemical level. Physical interactions are represented by (co-)adhesion and repulsion (exclusion), while chemical interactions include metabolic dependencies, quorum-sensing, and the production of antimicrobial agents. Information obtained from oral model systems and also from studies on the role of fungi in gastro-intestinal ecology indicates that fungi influence bacterial behavior through these different interactions. This review describes our current knowledge of the interactions between fungi and bacteria and aims to illustrate that further research is required to establish the role of fungi in maintaining a healthy oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- B.P. Krom
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S. Kidwai
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J.M. ten Cate
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Free University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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