51
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Goswami A, Schmittel M. Double Rotors with Fluxional Axles: Domino Rotation and Azide-Alkyne Huisgen Cycloaddition Catalysis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:12362-12366. [PMID: 32315496 PMCID: PMC7383839 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202002739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The simple preparation of the multicomponent devices [Cu4 (A)2 ]4+ and [Cu2 (A)(B)]2+ , both rotors with fluxional axles undergoing domino rotation, highlights the potential of self-sorting. The concept of domino rotation requires the interconversion of axle and rotator, allowing the spatiotemporal decoupling of two degenerate exchange processes in [Cu4 (A)2 ]4+ occurring at 142 kHz. Addition of two equiv of B to rotor [Cu4 (A)2 ]4+ afforded the heteromeric two-axle rotor [Cu2 (A)(B)]2+ with two distinct exchange processes (64.0 kHz and 0.55 Hz). The motion requiring a pyridine→zinc porphyrin bond cleavage is 1.2×105 times faster than that operating via a terpyridine→[Cu(phenAr2 )]+ rupture. Finally, both rotors are catalysts due to their copper(I) content. The fast domino rotor (142 kHz) was shown to suppress product inhibition in the catalysis of the azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein Str. 257068SiegenGermany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie IUniversity of SiegenAdolf-Reichwein Str. 257068SiegenGermany
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52
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Goswami A, Schmittel M. Doppelrotoren mit fluktuierenden Achsen: Domino‐Rotation und Katalyse der Azid‐Alkin‐Huisgen‐Cycloaddition. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202002739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I Universität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I Universität Siegen Adolf-Reichwein Straße 2 57068 Siegen Deutschland
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53
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Van Raden JM, Jarenwattananon NN, Zakharov LN, Jasti R. Active Metal Template Synthesis and Characterization of a Nanohoop [
c
2]Daisy Chain Rotaxane. Chemistry 2020; 26:10205-10209. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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54
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Sakata Y, Ogura T, Akine S. Efficient formation of [3]pseudorotaxane based on cooperative complexation of dibenzo-24-crown-8 with diphenylviologen axle. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:8735-8738. [PMID: 32558868 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc03131c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel cooperative [3]pseudorotaxane system consisting of dibenzo-24-crown-8 (DB24C8) and diphenylviologen axle has been developed. The two-step formation of the [3]pseudorotaxane occurred in a positive-cooperative manner. The corresponding [3]rotaxane was successfully obtained from just a stoichiometric mixture of each component by end-capping without dissociation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Sakata
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan.
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55
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Sinawang G, Osaki M, Takashima Y, Yamaguchi H, Harada A. Biofunctional hydrogels based on host–guest interactions. Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1038/s41428-020-0352-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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56
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Corra S, Curcio M, Baroncini M, Silvi S, Credi A. Photoactivated Artificial Molecular Machines that Can Perform Tasks. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906064. [PMID: 31957172 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Research on artificial photoactivated molecular machines has moved in recent years from a basic scientific endeavor toward a more applicative effort. Nowadays, the prospect of reproducing the operation of natural nanomachines with artificial counterparts is no longer a dream but a concrete possibility. The progress toward the construction of molecular-machine-based devices and materials in which light irradiation results in the execution of a task as a result of nanoscale movements is illustrated here. After a brief description of a few basic types of photoactivated molecular machines, significant examples of their exploitation to perform predetermined functions are presented. These include switchable catalysts, nanoactuators that interact with cellular membranes, transporters of small molecular cargos, and active joints capable of mechanically coupling molecular-scale movements. Investigations aimed at harnessing the collective operation of a multitude of molecular machines organized in arrays to perform tasks at the microscale and macroscale in hard and soft materials are also reviewed. Surfaces, gels, liquid crystals, polymers, and self-assembled nanostructures are described wherein the nanoscale movement of embedded molecular machines is amplified, allowing the realization of muscle-like actuators, microfluidic devices, and polymeric materials for light energy transduction and storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Corra
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Curcio
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Massimo Baroncini
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, Via Selmi 2, 40127, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari, Università di Bologna, Viale Fanin 44, 40127, Bologna, Italy
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57
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Moulin E, Faour L, Carmona‐Vargas CC, Giuseppone N. From Molecular Machines to Stimuli‐Responsive Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2020; 32:e1906036. [PMID: 31833132 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201906036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS‐UPR 22University of Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047 Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2 France
| | - Lara Faour
- SAMS Research Group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS‐UPR 22University of Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047 Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2 France
| | - Christian C. Carmona‐Vargas
- SAMS Research Group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS‐UPR 22University of Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047 Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2 France
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS‐UPR 22University of Strasbourg 23 rue du Loess, BP 84047 Strasbourg 67034 Cedex 2 France
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58
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Li WJ, Wang W, Wang XQ, Li M, Ke Y, Yao R, Wen J, Yin GQ, Jiang B, Li X, Yin P, Yang HB. Daisy Chain Dendrimers: Integrated Mechanically Interlocked Molecules with Stimuli-Induced Dimension Modulation Feature. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:8473-8482. [PMID: 32302108 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c02475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The precise construction of the high-order mechanically interlocked molecules (MIMs) with well-defined topological arrangements of multiple mechanically interlocked units has been a great challenge. Herein, we present the first successful preparation of a new family of daisy chain dendrimers, in which the individual [c2]daisy chain rotaxane units serve as the branches of dendrimer skeleton. In particular, the third-generation daisy chain dendrimer with 21 [c2]daisy chain rotaxane moieties was realized, which might be among the most complicated discrete high-order MIMs comprised of multiple [c2]daisy chain rotaxane units. Interestingly, such unique topological arrangements of multiple stimuli-responsive [c2]daisy chain rotaxanes endowed the resultant daisy chain dendrimers controllable and reversible nanoscale dimension modulation through the collective and amplified extension/contraction of each [c2]daisy chain rotaxane branch upon the addition of acetate anions or DMSO molecules as external stimulus. Furthermore, on the basis of such an intriguing size switching feature of daisy chain dendrimers, dynamic composite polymer films were constructed through the incorporation of daisy chain dendrimers into polymer films, which could undergo fast, reversible, and controllable shape transformations when DMSO molecules were employed as stimulus. The successful merging of [c2]daisy chain rotaxanes and dendrimers described herein provides not only a brand-new type of high-order mechanically interlocked systems with well-defined topological arrangements of [c2]daisy chain rotaxanes, but also a successful and practical approach toward the construction of supramolecular dynamic materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Mu Li
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Yubin Ke
- Spallation Neutron Source Science Center, Dongguan 523803, China
| | - Rui Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wen
- Institute of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Vienna, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, Vienna A-1090, Austria.,State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials & College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, People's Republic of China
| | - Guang-Qiang Yin
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China.,Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Bo Jiang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaopeng Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33620, United States
| | - Panchao Yin
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology & State Key Laboratory of Luminescent Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes & Chang-Kung Chuang Institute, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, People's Republic of China
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59
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Sinawang G, Osaki M, Takashima Y, Yamaguchi H, Harada A. Supramolecular self-healing materials from non-covalent cross-linking host-guest interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:4381-4395. [PMID: 32249859 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc00672f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of non-covalent bonds is effective for achieving self-healing properties because they can be controlled reversibly. One approach to introduce these bonds into supramolecular materials is use of host-guest interactions. This feature article summarizes the development of supramolecular materials constructed by non-covalent cross-linking through several approaches, such as host-guest interactions between host polymers and guest polymers, 1 : 2-type host-guest interactions, and host-guest interactions from the polymerization of host-guest inclusion complexes. Host-guest interactions show self-healing functions while also enabling stimuli-responsiveness (redox, pH, and temperature). The self-healing function of supramolecular materials is achieved by stress dispersion arising from host-guest interactions when stress is applied. Reversible bonds based on host-guest interactions have tremendous potential to expand the variety of functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garry Sinawang
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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60
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Aprahamian I. The Future of Molecular Machines. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2020; 6:347-358. [PMID: 32232135 PMCID: PMC7099591 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.0c00064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Artificial molecular machines have captured the imagination of scientists and nonscientists alike for decades now, given their clear potential to transform and enhance all aspects of human life. In this Outlook, I use a bicycle as an analogy to explain what a molecular machine is, in my opinion, and work through a representative selection of case studies to specify the significant accomplishments made to date, and the obstacles that currently stand between these and the field's fulfillment of its great potential. The hope of this intentionally sober account is to sketch a path toward a rich and exciting research trajectory that might challenge current practitioners and attract junior scientists into its fold. Considering the progress we have witnessed in the past decade, I am positive that the future of the field is a rosy one.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Aprahamian
- 6128 Burke Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire 03755, United States
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61
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He L, Wang SC, Lin LT, Cai JY, Li L, Tu TH, Chan YT. Multicomponent Metallo-Supramolecular Nanocapsules Assembled from Calix[4]resorcinarene-Based Terpyridine Ligands. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:7134-7144. [PMID: 32150683 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c01482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tetrafunctionalized calix[4]resorcinarene cavitands commonly serve as supramolecular scaffolds for construction of coordination-driven self-assembled capsules. However, due to the calix-like shape, the structural diversity of assemblies is mostly restricted to dimeric and hexameric capsules. Previously, we reported a spontaneous heteroleptic complexation strategy based on a pair of self-recognizable terpyridine-based ligands and CdII ions. Building on this complementary ligand pairing system, herein three types of nanocapsules, including a dimeric capsule, a Sierpiński triangular prism, and a cubic star, could be readily obtained through dynamic complexation reactions between a tetratopic cavitand-based ligand and various multitopic counterparts in the presence of CdII ions. The dimeric capsular assemblies display the spacer-length-dependent self-sorting behavior in a four-component system. Moreover, the precise multicomponent self-assembly of a Sierpiński triangular prism and a cubic star possessing three and six cavitand-based motifs, respectively, demonstrates that such self-assembly methodology is able to efficiently enhance architectural complexity for calix[4]resorcinarene-containing metallo-supramolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lipeng He
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Cheng Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Lin-Ting Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jhen-Yu Cai
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Lijie Li
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Han Tu
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Tsu Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
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62
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Huang C, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Molecular Springs: Integration of Complex Dynamic Architectures into Functional Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201914931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang‐Bo Huang
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 7006 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge F-67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 7006 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge F-67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of StrasbourgCNRSISIS UMR 7006 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge F-67000 Strasbourg France
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63
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Huang CB, Ciesielski A, Samorì P. Molecular Springs: Integration of Complex Dynamic Architectures into Functional Devices. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2020; 59:7319-7330. [PMID: 31898855 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201914931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Molecular/supramolecular springs are artificial nanoscale objects possessing well-defined structures and tunable physicochemical properties. Like a macroscopic spring, supramolecular springs are capable of switching their nanoscale conformation as a response to external stimuli by undergoing mechanical spring-like motions. This dynamic action offers intriguing opportunities for engineering molecular nanomachines by translating the stimuli-responsive nanoscopic motions into macroscopic work. These nanoscopic objects are reversible dynamic multifunctional architectures which can express a variety of novel properties and behave as adaptive nanoscopic systems. In this Minireview, we focus on the design and structure-property relationships of supramolecular springs and their (self-)assembly as a prerequisite towards the generation of novel dynamic materials featuring controlled movements to be readily integrated into macroscopic devices for applications in sensing, robotics, and the internet of things.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang-Bo Huang
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Artur Ciesielski
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
| | - Paolo Samorì
- University of Strasbourg, CNRS, ISIS UMR 7006, 8 Alleé Gaspard Monge, F-67000, Strasbourg, France
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64
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Dattler D, Fuks G, Heiser J, Moulin E, Perrot A, Yao X, Giuseppone N. Design of Collective Motions from Synthetic Molecular Switches, Rotors, and Motors. Chem Rev 2019; 120:310-433. [PMID: 31869214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 232] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Precise control over molecular movement is of fundamental and practical importance in physics, biology, and chemistry. At nanoscale, the peculiar functioning principles and the synthesis of individual molecular actuators and machines has been the subject of intense investigations and debates over the past 60 years. In this review, we focus on the design of collective motions that are achieved by integrating, in space and time, several or many of these individual mechanical units together. In particular, we provide an in-depth look at the intermolecular couplings used to physically connect a number of artificial mechanically active molecular units such as photochromic molecular switches, nanomachines based on mechanical bonds, molecular rotors, and light-powered rotary motors. We highlight the various functioning principles that can lead to their collective motion at various length scales. We also emphasize how their synchronized, or desynchronized, mechanical behavior can lead to emerging functional properties and to their implementation into new active devices and materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damien Dattler
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Gad Fuks
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Joakim Heiser
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Alexis Perrot
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Xuyang Yao
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Institute Charles Sadron, CNRS , University of Strasbourg , 23 rue du Loess , BP 84047, 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 , France
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65
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Goswami A, Saha S, Biswas PK, Schmittel M. (Nano)mechanical Motion Triggered by Metal Coordination: from Functional Devices to Networked Multicomponent Catalytic Machinery. Chem Rev 2019; 120:125-199. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.9b00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abir Goswami
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Suchismita Saha
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Pronay Kumar Biswas
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Schmittel
- Center of Micro- and Nanochemistry and Engineering, Organische Chemie I, Universität Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Strase 2, D-57068 Siegen, Germany
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66
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Nishimura R, Fujimoto A, Yasuda N, Morimoto M, Nagasaka T, Sotome H, Ito S, Miyasaka H, Yokojima S, Nakamura S, Feringa BL, Uchida K. Object Transportation System Mimicking the Cilia of
Paramecium aurelia
Making Use of the Light‐Controllable Crystal Bending Behavior of a Photochromic Diarylethene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13308-13312. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201907574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nishimura
- Department of Materials ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyRyukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
| | - Ayako Fujimoto
- Department of Materials ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyRyukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Diffraction and Scattering DivisionJapan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Masakazu Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart MoleculesRikkyo University 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8501 Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Nagasaka
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Syoji Ito
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokojima
- School of PharmacyTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation HubNakamura Laboratory 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Kingo Uchida
- Department of Materials ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyRyukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
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67
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Host–guest interactions of a twisted cucurbit[15]uril with paraquat derivatives and bispyridinium salts. Tetrahedron Lett 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2019.151022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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68
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Godde B, Jouaiti A, Mauro M, Marquardt R, Chaumont A, Robert V. The Motion of an Azobenzene Light‐Controlled Switch: A Joint Theoretical and Experimental Approach. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.201900003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bérangère Godde
- Laboratoire de Tectonique MoléculaireUMR UDS-CNRS 7140icFRCUniversité de Strasbourg Institut Le Bel, 4, rue B. Pascal F-67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Abdelaziz Jouaiti
- Laboratoire de Tectonique MoléculaireUMR UDS-CNRS 7140icFRCUniversité de Strasbourg Institut Le Bel, 4, rue B. Pascal F-67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Matteo Mauro
- Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de StrasbourgUMR UDS-CNRS 7504Université de Strasbourg 23, rue du Loess F-67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Roberto Marquardt
- Laboratoire de Chimie QuantiqueInstitut de Chimie, UMR UDS-CNRS 7177Université de Strasbourg Institut Le Bel, 4, rue B. Pascal F-67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Alain Chaumont
- Laboratoire de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Etat SolideUMR UDS-CNRS 7140Université de Strasbourg Institut Le Bel 4, rue B. Pascal F-67000 Strasbourg France
| | - Vincent Robert
- Laboratoire de Chimie QuantiqueInstitut de Chimie, UMR UDS-CNRS 7177Université de Strasbourg Institut Le Bel, 4, rue B. Pascal F-67000 Strasbourg France
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69
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Yan T, Li F, Tian J, Wang L, Luo Q, Hou C, Dong Z, Xu J, Liu J. Biomimetic Pulsating Vesicles with Both pH-Tunable Membrane Permeability and Light-Triggered Disassembly-Re-assembly Behaviors Prepared by Supra-Amphiphilic Helices. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:30566-30574. [PMID: 31370395 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b09632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The reversible unfolding-refolding transition is considerably important for natural elastomeric proteins (e.g., titin) to fulfill their biological functions. It is of great importance to develop synthetic versions by borrowing their unique stretchable design principles. Herein, we present a novel pulsating vesicle by means of the aqueous self-assembly of supra-amphiphilic helices. Interestingly, this vesicle simultaneously features dynamic swelling and shrinkage movements in response to external proton triggers. Titin-like unfolding-refolding transformation of artificial helices was proved to play a crucial role in this pulsatile motion. Moreover, the vesicular membrane of this vesicle has exhibited tunable permeability during reversible expansion and contraction circulation. Meanwhile, light can also be used as a driving force to further regulate the disassembly-reassembly transformation of the pulsating vesicle. In addition, the drug delivery system was also employed as an investigating model to estimate the permeability variation and disassembly-reassembly behaviors of the pulsating vesicles, which displayed unique dual quick- and sustained-release behaviors toward anti-cancer agents. It is anticipated that this work opens an avenue for fabricating novel stretchable biomimetics by using the exclusive unfolding-refolding nature of artificial foldamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tengfei Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Fei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Jun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Quan Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Chunxi Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Zeyuan Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Jiayun Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
| | - Junqiu Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry , Jilin University , 2699 Qianjin Street , Changchun 130012 , P. R. China
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70
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Wang XQ, Li WJ, Wang W, Wen J, Zhang Y, Tan H, Yang HB. Construction of Type III-C Rotaxane-Branched Dendrimers and Their Anion-Induced Dimension Modulation Feature. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:13923-13930. [PMID: 31411028 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Starting from a novel rotaxane building block with dendrimer growth sites being located at both the wheel and axle component, we realized the successful construction of a new family of rotaxane-branched dendrimers, i.e., Type III-C rotaxane-branched dendrimers, up to fourth generation as a highly branched [46]rotaxane through a controllable divergent approach. In the resultant rotaxane-branched dendrimers, the wheel components of the rotaxane units are located on the branches as well as at the branching points, making them excellent candidates to mimic the amplified collective molecular motions. Thus, taking advantage of the urea moiety inserted into the axle components of the rotaxane units as the binding sites, the addition or removal of acetate anion as stimulus endows the individual rotaxane unit a switchable feature that lead to a collective expansion-contraction motion of the integrated rotaxane-branched dendrimers, thus allowing for the remarkable and reversible size modulation. Such a three-dimensional size switching feature makes Type III-C rotaxane-branched dendrimers a very promising platform toward the fabrication of novel dynamic smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-Qing Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Chang-Kung Chuang Institute , East China Normal University , 3663 N. Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei-Jian Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Chang-Kung Chuang Institute , East China Normal University , 3663 N. Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Chang-Kung Chuang Institute , East China Normal University , 3663 N. Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jin Wen
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic , 16610 Prague 6 , Czech Republic
| | - Ying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Tan
- Department of Chemistry , Beijing Normal University , Beijing 100050 , People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Bo Yang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Chang-Kung Chuang Institute , East China Normal University , 3663 N. Zhongshan Road , Shanghai 200062 , People's Republic of China
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71
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Cyclopentadienyl Ruthenium(II) Complex-Mediated Oxidation of Benzylic and Allylic Alcohols to Corresponding Aldehydes. HETEROATOM CHEMISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.1155/2019/5053702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This work reports an efficient method for the oxidation reaction of aliphatic, aromatic allylic, and benzylic alcohols into aldehydes catalyzed by the cyclopentadienyl ruthenium(II) complex (RuCpCl(PPh3)2) with bubbled O2. Through further optimizing controlled studies, the tendency order of oxidation reactivity was determined as follows: benzylic alcohols > aromatic allylic alcohols >> aliphatic alcohols. In addition, this method has several advantages, including a small amount of catalyst (0.5 mol%) and selective application of high discrimination activity of aliphatic, aromatic allylic, and benzylic alcohols.
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72
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Abstract
Directed motion at the nanoscale is a central attribute of life, and chemically driven motor proteins are nature's choice to accomplish it. Motivated and inspired by such bionanodevices, in the past few decades chemists have developed artificial prototypes of molecular motors, namely, multicomponent synthetic species that exhibit directionally controlled, stimuli-induced movements of their parts. In this context, photonic and redox stimuli represent highly appealing modes of activation, particularly from a technological viewpoint. Here we describe the evolution of the field of photo- and redox-driven artificial molecular motors, and we provide a comprehensive review of the work published in the past 5 years. After an analysis of the general principles that govern controlled and directed movement at the molecular scale, we describe the fundamental photochemical and redox processes that can enable its realization. The main classes of light- and redox-driven molecular motors are illustrated, with a particular focus on recent designs, and a thorough description of the functions performed by these kinds of devices according to literature reports is presented. Limitations, challenges, and future perspectives of the field are critically discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Baroncini
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
| | - Serena Silvi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician" , Università di Bologna , via Selmi 2 , 40126 Bologna , Italy
| | - Alberto Credi
- CLAN-Center for Light Activated Nanostructures , Istituto ISOF-CNR , via Gobetti 101 , 40129 Bologna , Italy.,Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie Agro-alimentari , Università di Bologna , viale Fanin 44 , 40127 Bologna , Italy
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73
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Nishimura R, Fujimoto A, Yasuda N, Morimoto M, Nagasaka T, Sotome H, Ito S, Miyasaka H, Yokojima S, Nakamura S, Feringa BL, Uchida K. Object Transportation System Mimicking the Cilia of
Paramecium aurelia
Making Use of the Light‐Controllable Crystal Bending Behavior of a Photochromic Diarylethene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201907574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Nishimura
- Department of Materials ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyRyukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
| | - Ayako Fujimoto
- Department of Materials ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyRyukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
| | - Nobuhiro Yasuda
- Diffraction and Scattering DivisionJapan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute 1-1-1 Kouto, Sayo-cho Sayo-gun Hyogo 679-5198 Japan
| | - Masakazu Morimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Research Center for Smart MoleculesRikkyo University 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku Tokyo 171-8501 Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Nagasaka
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Hikaru Sotome
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Syoji Ito
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Hiroshi Miyasaka
- Graduate School of Engineering ScienceOsaka University Toyonaka Osaka 560-8531 Japan
| | - Satoshi Yokojima
- School of PharmacyTokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences 1432-1 Horinouchi Hachioji Tokyo 192-0392 Japan
| | - Shinichiro Nakamura
- RIKEN Cluster for Science, Technology and Innovation HubNakamura Laboratory 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Ben L. Feringa
- Stratingh Institute for ChemistryUniversity of Groningen Nijenborgh 4 9747 AG Groningen The Netherlands
| | - Kingo Uchida
- Department of Materials ChemistryFaculty of Science and TechnologyRyukoku University Seta Otsu Shiga 520-2194 Japan
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74
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Randone L, Onagi H, Lincoln SF, Easton CJ. Direct Synthesis of an Oligomeric Series of Interlocked, Cyclodextrin‐Based [
c
2]Daisy Chains. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Randone
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Hideki Onagi
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
| | - Stephen F. Lincoln
- Department of Chemistry The University of Adelaide Adelaide 5005 SA Australia
| | - Christopher J. Easton
- Research School of Chemistry The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2601 Australia
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75
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Brückner R. Pioneering Work on Catenanes, Rotaxanes, and a Knotane in the University of Freiburg 1958-1988. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Reinhard Brückner
- Institut für Organische Chemie; Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg; Albertstraße 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
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76
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Howe ME, Garcia-Garibay MA. The Roles of Intrinsic Barriers and Crystal Fluidity in Determining the Dynamics of Crystalline Molecular Rotors and Molecular Machines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:9835-9849. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Morgan E. Howe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
| | - Miguel A. Garcia-Garibay
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California—Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1569, United States
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77
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Wang Z, Hou R, Loh IY. Track-walking molecular motors: a new generation beyond bridge-burning designs. NANOSCALE 2019; 11:9240-9263. [PMID: 31062798 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr00033j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Track-walking molecular motors are the core bottom-up mechanism for nanometre-resolved translational movements - a fundamental technological capability at the root of numerous applications ranging from nanoscale assembly lines and chemical synthesis to molecular robots and shape-changing materials. Over the last 10 years, artificial molecular walkers (or nanowalkers) have evolved from the 1st generation of bridge-burning designs to the 2nd generation capable of truly sustainable movements. Invention of non-bridge-burning nanowalkers was slow at first, but has picked up speed since 2012, and is now close to breaking major barriers for wide-spread development. Here we review the 2nd generation of artificial nanowalkers, which are mostly made of DNA molecules and draw energy from light illumination or from chemical fuels for entirely autonomous operation. They are typically symmetric dimeric motors walking on entirely periodic tracks, yet the motors possess an inherent direction for large-scale amplification of the action of many motor copies. These translational motors encompass the function of rotational molecular motors on circular or linear tracks, and may involve molecular shuttles as 'engine' motifs. Some rules of thumb are provided to help readers design similar motors from DNA or other molecular building blocks. Opportunities and challenges for future development are discussed, especially in the areas of molecular robotics and active materials based on the advanced motors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhisong Wang
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Singapore.
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78
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79
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Ren C, Chen F, Ye R, Ong YS, Lu H, Lee SS, Ying JY, Zeng H. Molecular Swings as Highly Active Ion Transporters. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8034-8038. [PMID: 30983075 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201901833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Ions are transported across membrane mostly via carrier or channel mechanisms. Herein, a unique class of molecular-machine-inspired membrane transporters, termed molecular swings is reported that utilize a previously unexplored swing mechanism for promoting ion transport in a highly efficient manner. In particular, the molecular swing, which carries a 15-crown-5 unit as the ion-binding and transporting unit, exhibits extremely high ion-transport activities with EC50 values of 46 nm (a channel:lipid molar ratio of 1:4800 or 0.021 mol % relative to lipid) and 110 nm for K+ and Na+ ions, respectively. Remarkably, such ion transport activities remain high in a cholesterol-rich environment, with EC50 values of 130 (0.045 mol % relative to lipid/cholesterol) and 326 nm for K+ and Na+ ions, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changliang Ren
- NanoBio Lab, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Feng Chen
- NanoBio Lab, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Ruijuan Ye
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117585, Singapore
| | - Yong Siang Ong
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Hongfang Lu
- NanoBio Lab, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Su Seong Lee
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Jackie Y Ying
- NanoBio Lab, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
| | - Huaqiang Zeng
- NanoBio Lab, 31 Biopolis Way, The Nanos, Singapore, 138669, Singapore
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80
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Abstract
Bistable [ c2]daisy chain rotaxanes represent a particularly intriguing class of interlocked molecules that can produce internal sliding movements with a net contraction or extension at the single-molecule level. These nanometric motions show some analogies with the sliding motions of actin and myosin filaments in sarcomeres, and this is why [ c2]daisy chain rotaxanes have been also named as “molecular muscles,” as their first synthesis in 2000. In this minireview, the authors discuss the recent history of these molecules, their modular chemical structures, and the various synthetic pathways described in the literature to access them. The authors also detail how their internal motions can be controlled and characterized by a number of chemical and physical tools. The authors finally show that their integration within polymers and materials can give access to synchronized motions and amplifications up to the macroscopic scale. Overall, the numerous examples that have been described in the literature to date demonstrate that this family of molecules has already strongly influenced the entire field of research on artificial molecular machines, and has the potential to be implemented as actuators working at all scales, from nanometric-switchable devices to mechanically active soft matter materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Antoine
- SAMS Research Group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg BP 84047
| | - Emilie Moulin
- SAMS Research Group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg BP 84047
| | - Gad Fuks
- SAMS Research Group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg BP 84047
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS Research Group, Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS, University of Strasbourg BP 84047
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81
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Wolf A, Cid JJ, Moulin E, Niess F, Du G, Goujon A, Busseron E, Ruff A, Ludwigs S, Giuseppone N. Unsymmetric Bistable [c
2]Daisy Chain Rotaxanes which Combine Two Types of Electroactive Stoppers. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Wolf
- SAMS research group; Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS; University of Strasbourg; 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Juan-José Cid
- SAMS research group; Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS; University of Strasbourg; 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Emilie Moulin
- SAMS research group; Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS; University of Strasbourg; 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Frédéric Niess
- SAMS research group; Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS; University of Strasbourg; 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Guangyan Du
- SAMS research group; Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS; University of Strasbourg; 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Antoine Goujon
- SAMS research group; Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS; University of Strasbourg; 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Eric Busseron
- SAMS research group; Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS; University of Strasbourg; 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
| | - Adrian Ruff
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Universität Stuttgart; 70569 Stuttgart Germany
- Present address: Analytical Chemistry - Center for Electrochemical Sciences (CES); Faculty of Chemistry and Bioelectrochemistry; Ruhr University Bochum; Universitätsstr. 150 44780 Bochum Germany
| | - Sabine Ludwigs
- IPOC-Functional Polymers, Institute of Polymer Chemistry; Universität Stuttgart; 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Nicolas Giuseppone
- SAMS research group; Institut Charles Sadron, CNRS; University of Strasbourg; 23 rue du Loess, BP 84087 67034 Strasbourg Cedex 2 France
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82
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Li Y, Wang W, Liu F. Exploring the Mechanism of a Chiral N-Alkyl Imine-Based Light-Driven Molecular Rotary Motor at MS-CASPT2//CASSCF and MS-CASPT2//(TD) DFT Levels. Chemistry 2019; 25:4194-4201. [PMID: 30653755 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201806152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The working mechanism including the photoisomerization and thermal isomerization steps of a chiral N-alkyl imine-based motor synthesized by Lehn et al. are revealed by MS-CASPT2//CASSCF and MS-CASPT2//(TD-)DFT methods. For the photoisomerization process of the imine-based motor, it involves both the bright (π,π*) state and the dark (n,π*) state. In addition, the MECI has similar geometry and energy to the minimum of the S1 state, which shows that the process is barrierless and keeps the unidirectionality of rotation well; the result confirms the imine-based motor is a good candidate for a light-driven molecular rotary motor. For the thermal isomerization process of the imine-based motor, there are two even isomerization paths: one with the mechanism of the in-plane N inversion, the energy barriers of which are 29.6 kcal mol-1 at MS3-CASPT2//CAM-B3LYP level and 29.2 kcal mol-1 at MS3-CASPT2//CASSCF level; the other with the mechanism of ring inversion of the cycloheptatriene moiety, with energy barriers of 28.1 kcal mol-1 at MS3-CASPT2//CAM-B3LYP level and 18.1 kcal mol-1 at MS3-CASPT2//CASSCF level. According to the structural feature of the stator moiety, the imine molecule can be used as a two-step or a four-step light-driven rotary motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanying Li
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, P.R. China
| | - Wenliang Wang
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, P.R. China
| | - Fengyi Liu
- Key Laboratory for Macromolecular Science of Shaanxi Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710119, P.R. China
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83
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Abstract
Gels that display light-induced motile, life-like actions are reviewed and their potential applications as light-driven soft actuators are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Mauro
- Université de Strasbourg
- CNRS Institut de Physique et Chimie des Matériaux de Strasbourg
- UMR 7504
- 67000 Strasbourg
- France
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84
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Heteroleptic copper phenanthroline complexes in motion: From stand-alone devices to multi-component machinery. Coord Chem Rev 2018; 376:478-505. [PMID: 32287354 PMCID: PMC7126816 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2018.08.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Two and a half decades of copper phenanthroline-based switches, devices and machines have illustrated the rich dynamic nature of these metal complexes. With an emphasis on the metal-ligand dissociation as the rate-determining step the present review summarizes not only spectacular examples of machinery, but also highlights rate data collected during a variety of investigations. Copper-ligand exchange reactions are mostly triggered by redox processes, addition of metal ions or addition of ligands. While the rate data spread over >8 orders of magnitude, individual effects of solvent, steric bulk, flexibility, σ-basicity and the trajectory (intra- vs. intermolecular dissociation) have large impact. Unfortunately, in many cases the exact mechanism in the rate-determining step (nucleophile-induced vs. monomolecular metal-ligand dissociation) has not been determined, suggesting to invest further efforts in the physical (in)organic chemistry of such coordination-driven systems.
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85
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Wang Y, Ang PL, Wong CY, Yip JHK. Gold-Clip-Assisted Self-Assembly and Proton-Coupled Expansion-Contraction of a Cofacial Fe III -Porphyrin Cage. Chemistry 2018; 24:18623-18628. [PMID: 30218534 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
A molecular cage {Au8 (μ-PAnP)4 [Fe(H2 O)2 (TPyP)]2 (OTf)2 }(OTf)8 (1) composed of two cofacial FeIII -porphyrin can be self-assembled from the gold clip [Au2 (PAnP)Cl2 ] and Fe3+ (H2 O)2 (TPyP)+ (PAnP=9,10-bis(diphenylphosphino)anthracene, TPyP=meso-tetra(4-pyridyl)porphyrinato). The height of the cage is 8.579(3) Å. The addition of a base to a solution of the cage leads to a contracted and twisted cage {[Au8 (μ-PAnP)4 [Fe2 (μ-O)(TPyP)2 ]}(OTf)8 (2), which has a height of ≈4.4 Å and porphyrin-porphyrin torsional angle of ≈20°. The contracted cage can be synthesized independently from the gold clip and Fe2 (μ-O)(TPyP)2 . The spectroscopy and crystal structure of an unclipped analog of the contracted cage, {[AuPPh3 )8 [Fe2 (μ-O)(TPyP)2 ]}(OTf)8 (3), supports the DFT-calculated structure of 2. NMR and UV/Vis titrations show that the expansion-untwisting and contraction-twisting of the cage is reversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Pau Lin Ang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Chun-Yuen Wong
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - John H K Yip
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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86
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Ikejiri S, Takashima Y, Osaki M, Yamaguchi H, Harada A. Solvent-Free Photoresponsive Artificial Muscles Rapidly Driven by Molecular Machines. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 140:17308-17315. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b11351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Ikejiri
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Takashima
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Co-Creation Studies, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Motofumi Osaki
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Yamaguchi
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - Akira Harada
- Department of Macromolecular Science, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
- JST-ImPACT, 5-7, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 100-8914, Japan
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87
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Aeschi Y, Drayss‐Orth S, Valášek M, Häussinger D, Mayor M. Aqueous Assembly of Zwitterionic Daisy Chains. Chemistry 2018; 25:285-295. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201803944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yves Aeschi
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience InstituteUniversity of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Sylvie Drayss‐Orth
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Michal Valášek
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
| | - Daniel Häussinger
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
| | - Marcel Mayor
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Basel St. Johanns-Ring 19 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Swiss Nanoscience InstituteUniversity of Basel Klingelbergstrasse 82 4056 Basel Switzerland
- Institute for Nanotechnology (INT)Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT) P. O. Box 3640 76021 Karlsruhe Germany
- Lehn Institute of Functional Materials (LIFM)School of ChemistrySun Yat-Sen University (SYSU) Guangzhou 510275 P. R. China
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88
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Zhang Q, Rao SJ, Xie T, Li X, Xu TY, Li DW, Qu DH, Long YT, Tian H. Muscle-like Artificial Molecular Actuators for Nanoparticles. Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2018.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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89
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Chen X, Gerger TM, Räuber C, Raabe G, Göb C, Oppel IM, Albrecht M. A Helicate‐Based Three‐State Molecular Switch. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:11817-11820. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201806607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Thomas M. Gerger
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Christoph Räuber
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Gerhard Raabe
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Christian Göb
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Iris M. Oppel
- Institut für Anorganische ChemieRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische ChemieRWTH Aachen University Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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90
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Abstract
Molecular motors are Nature's solution for (supra)molecular transport and muscle functioning and are involved in most forms of directional motion at the cellular level. Their synthetic counterparts have also found a myriad of applications, ranging from molecular machines and smart materials to catalysis and anion transport. Although light-driven rotary molecular motors are likely to be suitable for use in an artificial cell, as well as in bionanotechnology, thus far they are not readily applied under physiological conditions. This results mainly from their inherently aromatic core structure, which makes them insoluble in aqueous solution. Here, the study of the dynamic behavior of these motors in biologically relevant media is described. Two molecular motors were equipped with solubilizing substituents and studied in aqueous solutions. Additionally, the behavior of a previously reported molecular motor was studied in micelles, as a model system for the biologically relevant confined environment. Design principles were established for molecular motors in these media, and insights are given into pH-dependent behavior. The work presented herein may provide a basis for the application of the remarkable properties of molecular motors in more advanced biohybrid systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouk S Lubbe
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Christian Böhmer
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Filippo Tosi
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Wiktor Szymanski
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology , University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Hanzeplein 1 , 9713 GZ Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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91
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Tong Y, Tian Z, Duan H, Zhu Z, Hong T, Yang J. Monocycle‐like Molecular Rotor Induces a Dielectric Relaxation and Dielectric Phase Transformation in an Organic–Inorganic Hybrid Supermolecule. Eur J Inorg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.201800588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan‐Bo Tong
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Zheng‐Fang Tian
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Application of Catalytic Materials Huanggang Normal University 438000 Huanggang Hu Bei Province P. R. China
| | - Hai‐Bao Duan
- School of Environmental Science Nanjing Xiaozhuang University 211171 Nanjing P. R. China
| | - Zhong‐Peng Zhu
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Tian‐Yu Hong
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing P. R. China
| | - Jing‐Kui Yang
- School of Chemical Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences 100049 Beijing P. R. China
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92
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Chen X, Gerger TM, Räuber C, Raabe G, Göb C, Oppel IM, Albrecht M. Ein Helicat-basierter Schalter mit drei adressierbaren Zuständen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201806607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Chen
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Thomas M. Gerger
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Christoph Räuber
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Gerhard Raabe
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Christian Göb
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Iris M. Oppel
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
| | - Markus Albrecht
- Institut für Organische Chemie; RWTH Aachen University; Landoltweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany
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93
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Kobayashi Y, Nakamitsu Y, Zheng Y, Takashima Y, Yamaguchi H, Harada A. Control of the threading ratio of cyclic molecules in polyrotaxanes consisting of poly(ethylene glycol) and α-cyclodextrins. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:7066-7069. [PMID: 29876543 DOI: 10.1039/c8cc01776j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrated a feasible method for providing polyrotaxanes (PRxs) with a controlled threading ratio of cyclic molecules and chain length of linear polymers by extending the linear polymers in the pseudo-PRx. This method gave PRxs with a lower threading ratio and a higher mobility of cyclic molecules compared to usual methods used previously with a high threading ratio. In addition, our PRx improved the thermal stability of the linear polymers in PRx despite the low threading ratio.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Kobayashi
- Project Research Center for Fundamental Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama-cho, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan.
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94
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Takashima Y, Hayashi Y, Osaki M, Kaneko F, Yamaguchi H, Harada A. A Photoresponsive Polymeric Actuator Topologically Cross-Linked by Movable Units Based on a [2]Rotaxane. Macromolecules 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.8b00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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95
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Dorel R, Miró C, Wei Y, Wezenberg SJ, Feringa BL. Cation-Modulated Rotary Speed in a Light-Driven Crown Ether Functionalized Molecular Motor. Org Lett 2018; 20:3715-3718. [PMID: 29878791 PMCID: PMC6038094 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.8b00969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
![]()
The
design and synthesis of an overcrowded-alkene based molecular
motor featuring a crown ether integrated in its stator structure has
been accomplished. The photostationary state ratios and rotational
speed of this motor can be modulated by cation coordination to the
crown ether moiety, which can be reversed upon the addition of a competing
chelating agent, thus achieving a dynamic control over the rotational
behavior of the motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Carla Miró
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Yuchen Wei
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Sander J Wezenberg
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Ben L Feringa
- Center for Systems Chemistry, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, Zernike Institute for Advanced Materials , University of Groningen , Nijenborgh 4 , 9747 AG Groningen , The Netherlands
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96
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Supramolecularly directed rotary motion in a photoresponsive receptor. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1984. [PMID: 29777101 PMCID: PMC5959844 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04249-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Stimuli-controlled motion at the molecular level has fascinated chemists already for several decades. Taking inspiration from the myriad of dynamic and machine-like functions in nature, a number of strategies have been developed to control motion in purely synthetic systems. Unidirectional rotary motion, such as is observed in ATP synthase and other motor proteins, remains highly challenging to achieve. Current artificial molecular motor systems rely on intrinsic asymmetry or a specific sequence of chemical transformations. Here, we present an alternative design in which the rotation is directed by a chiral guest molecule, which is able to bind non-covalently to a light-responsive receptor. It is demonstrated that the rotary direction is governed by the guest chirality and hence, can be selected and changed at will. This feature offers unique control of directional rotation and will prove highly important in the further development of molecular machinery. Unidirectional rotation in a synthetic molecular motor is typically driven by intrinsic asymmetry or sequences of chemical transformations. Here, the authors control the direction of a molecule’s rotation through supramolecular binding of a chiral guest and subsequent transfer of its chiral information.
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97
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Abstract
The field of synthetic molecular machines has quickly evolved in recent years, growing from a fundamental curiosity to a highly active field of chemistry. Many different applications are being explored in areas such as catalysis, self-assembled and nanostructured materials, and molecular electronics. Rotary molecular motors hold great promise for achieving dynamic control of molecular functions as well as for powering nanoscale devices. However, for these motors to reach their full potential, many challenges still need to be addressed. In this paper we focus on the design principles of rotary motors featuring a double-bond axle and discuss the major challenges that are ahead of us. Although great progress has been made, further design improvements, for example in terms of efficiency, energy input, and environmental adaptability, will be crucial to fully exploit the opportunities that these rotary motors offer.
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98
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Lipke MC, Wu Y, Roy I, Wang Y, Wasielewski MR, Stoddart JF. Shuttling Rates, Electronic States, and Hysteresis in a Ring-in-Ring Rotaxane. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2018; 4:362-371. [PMID: 29632882 PMCID: PMC5879476 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.7b00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The trisradical recognition motif between a 4,4'-bipyridinium radical cation and a cyclo-bis-4,4'-bipyridinium diradical dication has been employed previously in rotaxanes to control their nanomechanical and electronic properties. Herein, we describe the synthesis and characterization of a redox-active ring-in-ring [2]rotaxane BBR·8PF6 that employs a tetraradical variant of this recognition motif. A square-shaped bis-4,4'-bipyridinium cyclophane is mechanically interlocked around the dumbbell component of this rotaxane, and the dumbbell itself incorporates a smaller bis-4,4'-bipyridinium cyclophane into its covalently bonded structure. This small cyclophane serves as a significant impediment to the shuttling of the larger ring across the dumbbell component of BBR8+ , whereas reduction to the tetraradical tetracationic state BBR4(+•) results in strong association of the two cyclophanes driven by two radical-pairing interactions. In these respects, BBR·8PF6 exhibits qualitatively similar behavior to its predecessors that interconvert between hexacationic and trisradical tricationic states. The rigid preorganization of two bipyridinium groups within the dumbbell of BBR·8PF6 confers, however, two distinct properties upon this rotaxane: (1) the rate of shuttling is reduced significantly relative to those of its predecessors, resulting in marked electrochemical hysteresis observed by cyclic voltammetry for switching between the BBR8+/BBR4(+•) states, and (2) the formally tetraradical form of the rotaxane, BBR4(+•) , exhibits a diamagnetic ground state, which, as a result of the slow shuttling motions within BBR4(+•) , has a long enough lifetime to be characterized by 1H NMR spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark C. Lipke
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Rutgers,
The State University of New Jersey, 610 Taylor Road, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, United States
| | - Yilei Wu
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Indranil Roy
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Yuping Wang
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Michael R. Wasielewski
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department
of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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99
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Wang L, Li Q. Photochromism into nanosystems: towards lighting up the future nanoworld. Chem Soc Rev 2018; 47:1044-1097. [PMID: 29251304 DOI: 10.1039/c7cs00630f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 312] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The ability to manipulate the structure and function of promising nanosystems via energy input and external stimuli is emerging as an attractive paradigm for developing reconfigurable and programmable nanomaterials and multifunctional devices. Light stimulus manifestly represents a preferred external physical and chemical tool for in situ remote command of the functional attributes of nanomaterials and nanosystems due to its unique advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and digital controllability. Photochromic moieties are known to undergo reversible photochemical transformations between different states with distinct properties, which have been extensively introduced into various functional nanosystems such as nanomachines, nanoparticles, nanoelectronics, supramolecular nanoassemblies, and biological nanosystems. The integration of photochromism into these nanosystems has endowed the resultant nanostructures or advanced materials with intriguing photoresponsive behaviors and more sophisticated functions. In this Review, we provide an account of the recent advancements in reversible photocontrol of the structures and functions of photochromic nanosystems and their applications. The important design concepts of such truly advanced materials are discussed, their fabrication methods are emphasized, and their applications are highlighted. The Review is concluded by briefly outlining the challenges that need to be addressed and the opportunities that can be tapped into. We hope that the review of the flourishing and vibrant topic with myriad possibilities would shine light on exploring the future nanoworld by encouraging and opening the windows to meaningful multidisciplinary cooperation of engineers from different backgrounds and scientists from the fields such as chemistry, physics, engineering, biology, nanotechnology and materials science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Wang
- Liquid Crystal Institute and Chemical Physics Interdisciplinary Program, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA.
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100
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Abstract
The widespread use of molecular-level motion in key natural processes suggests that great rewards could come from bridging the gap between the present generation of synthetic molecular machines-which by and large function as switches-and the machines of the macroscopic world, which utilize the synchronized behavior of integrated components to perform more sophisticated tasks than is possible with any individual switch. Should we try to make molecular machines of greater complexity by trying to mimic machines from the macroscopic world or instead apply unfamiliar (and no doubt have to discover or invent currently unknown) mechanisms utilized by biological machines? Here we try to answer that question by exploring some of the advances made to date using bio-inspired machine mechanisms.
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