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Gillard S, Foster R, White S, Barlow S, Bhattacharya R, Binfield P, Eborall R, Faulkner A, Gibson S, Goldsmith LP, Simpson A, Lucock M, Marks J, Morshead R, Patel S, Priebe S, Repper J, Rinaldi M, Ussher M, Worner J. The impact of working as a peer worker in mental health services: a longitudinal mixed methods study. BMC Psychiatry 2022; 22:373. [PMID: 35650562 PMCID: PMC9158348 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-022-03999-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer workers are increasingly employed in mental health services to use their own experiences of mental distress in supporting others with similar experiences. While evidence is emerging of the benefits of peer support for people using services, the impact on peer workers is less clear. There is a lack of research that takes a longitudinal approach to exploring impact on both employment outcomes for peer workers, and their experiences of working in the peer worker role. METHODS In a longitudinal mixed methods study, 32 peer workers providing peer support for discharge from inpatient to community mental health care - as part of a randomised controlled trial - undertook in-depth qualitative interviews conducted by service user researchers, and completed measures of wellbeing, burnout, job satisfaction and multi-disciplinary team working after completing training, and four and 12 months into the role. Questionnaire data were summarised and compared to outcomes for relevant population norms, and changes in outcomes were analysed using paired t-tests. Thematic analysis and interpretive workshops involving service user researchers were used to analysis interview transcripts. A critical interpretive synthesis approach was used to synthesise analyses of both datasets. RESULTS For the duration of the study, all questionnaire outcomes were comparable with population norms for health professionals or for the general population. There were small-to-medium decreases in wellbeing and aspects of job satisfaction, and increase in burnout after 4 months, but these changes were largely not maintained at 12 months. Peer workers felt valued, empowered and connected in the role, but could find it challenging to adjust to the demands of the job after initial optimism. Supervision and being part of a standalone peer worker team was supportive, although communication with clinical teams could be improved. CONCLUSIONS Peer workers seem no more likely to experience negative impacts of working than other healthcare professionals but should be well supported as they settle into post, provided with in-work training and support around job insecurity. Research is needed to optimise working arrangements for peer workers alongside clinical teams.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rhiannon Foster
- grid.28577.3f0000 0004 1936 8497City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sarah White
- grid.264200.20000 0000 8546 682XSt George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Sally Barlow
- grid.28577.3f0000 0004 1936 8497City, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rahul Bhattacharya
- grid.450709.f0000 0004 0426 7183East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Paul Binfield
- grid.450709.f0000 0004 0426 7183East London NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rachel Eborall
- grid.37640.360000 0000 9439 0839South London & Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Sarah Gibson
- grid.264200.20000 0000 8546 682XSt George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Lucy P. Goldsmith
- grid.264200.20000 0000 8546 682XSt George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Alan Simpson
- grid.13097.3c0000 0001 2322 6764King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Mike Lucock
- grid.15751.370000 0001 0719 6059University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Jacqui Marks
- grid.264200.20000 0000 8546 682XSt George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Rosaleen Morshead
- grid.264200.20000 0000 8546 682XSt George’s, University of London, London, UK
| | - Shalini Patel
- grid.439450.f0000 0001 0507 6811South West London & St George’s Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Stefan Priebe
- grid.4868.20000 0001 2171 1133Queen Mary, University of London, London, UK
| | - Julie Repper
- Implementing Recovery through Organisational Change, Nottingham, UK
| | - Miles Rinaldi
- grid.439450.f0000 0001 0507 6811South West London & St George’s Mental Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Michael Ussher
- grid.264200.20000 0000 8546 682XSt George’s, University of London, London, UK ,grid.11918.300000 0001 2248 4331University of Stirling, Stirling, UK
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Tang JPS, Liu T, Lu S, Sing CY, Sze LCY, Lum TYS, Tse S. 'It was the deepest level of companionship': peer-to-peer experience of supporting community-dwelling older people with depression - a qualitative study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:443. [PMID: 35590279 PMCID: PMC9121547 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is an ample body of literature examining the experiences and outcomes of peer support services for mental health recovery in western countries. However, formal peer support is only recently adapted and piloted to alleviate depression among older people, and little is known about how the peer-to-peer model might be lived out in the older Chinese population. This qualitative study investigated peer supporters' (PS) perspectives of their roles and experiences of rendering formal peer support to community-dwelling older adults at risk of or living with depression in Hong Kong. METHODS The study adopted a qualitative design. Five semi-structured focus groups were conducted with 27 trained peer supporters between ages 54-74 (21 females and 6 males) who had provided peer-to-peer support to older adults at risk of or living with depression in the community for at least 12 months. Thematic analysis was employed to derive content and meanings from the focus group transcripts. RESULTS Participants' mean age was 61.9 years; two-thirds of them were retired and the rest still engaged in part-time or full-time employment. Four themes were identified in relations to the roles and experiences in rendering the peer support services: (1) peerness in health and age-related lived experiences; (2) companionship, social and emotional ties beyond formal support; (3) meaningful roles to facilitate older people's functional ability; and (4) hopes and actions against the undesirable outcomes of aging. Being a PS might provide meaningful roles for persons in transition to or living in late adulthood, and enable community-dwelling older adults with depression to maintain functional ability. On the other hand, defining the concept of 'peer' beyond the shared experience of mental distress, ensuring a healthy boundary between the peers and the service users, maintaining a careful balance between time-limited formal support and stable social ties, and providing self-management training and on-going support appear crucial. CONCLUSIONS This study of PS' perspectives and experiences offer insights into the age-specific dimension of the peer relationship. Despite the promising effects it might offer, careful implementation of peer support among older adults is warranted to safeguard against the ensuing loss of meaningful social ties and the potential emotional distress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica P S Tang
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Room 520, 5/F., The Jockey Club Tower, Centennial Campus, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tianyin Liu
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Room 520, 5/F., The Jockey Club Tower, Centennial Campus, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiyu Lu
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - C Y Sing
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Room 520, 5/F., The Jockey Club Tower, Centennial Campus, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lesley C Y Sze
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Room 520, 5/F., The Jockey Club Tower, Centennial Campus, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China
| | - Terry Y S Lum
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Room 520, 5/F., The Jockey Club Tower, Centennial Campus, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.,Sau Po Centre on Aging, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Samson Tse
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Room 520, 5/F., The Jockey Club Tower, Centennial Campus, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
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Balková M. A Qualitative Study of the Experience of Peer Workers in the Czech Republic. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:429-436. [PMID: 33956264 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The study deals with the employment of people diagnosed with mental illness in the position of peer worker. The aim is to demonstrate through semi-structured interviews the involvement of peer workers in the social services for people diagnosed with mental illness and to identify the influences that affect the success of peer workers involvement in services. The results of the interviews were divided into two categories (Position Specifics, Ethical Aspects) and four subcategories (Professionalism, Risk Moments, Stigmatization, Shared Values) using the Coding Method. The individual subcategories were further subdivided in detail. The results show that the most negative influence on the successful involvement of peer workers is the unclear definition of the job role and responsibilities and further, from an ethical point of view, it is the fear of subsequent labelling (stigmatization) in the search for a new job. A positive ethical influence is the sharing of social values (hope, recovery, friendship, sharing, etc.), which supports the peer worker. The study could help anchor the role in practice and could be the basis for further research in human resources management, social work and management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miluše Balková
- Department of Human Resource Management, Institute of Technology and Business in České Budějovice, Okružní 517/10, 370 01, České Budějovice, Czech Republic.
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Wang Y, Byrne L, Bartram T, Chapman M. Developing inclusive and healthy organizations by employing designated lived experience roles: Learning from human resource management innovations in the mental health sector. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09585192.2022.2054287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Management, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Byrne
- School of Management, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Timothy Bartram
- School of Management, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Chapman
- School of Management, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Future of Work Institute, Faculty of Business and Law, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Charles A, Korde P, Newby C, Grayzman A, Hiltensperger R, Mahlke C, Moran G, Nakku J, Niwemuhwezi J, Nixdorf R, Paul E, Puschner B, Ramesh M, Ryan GK, Shamba D, Kalha J, Slade M. Proportionate translation of study materials and measures in a multinational global health trial: methodology development and implementation. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058083. [PMID: 35058270 PMCID: PMC8783829 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Current translation guidelines do not include sufficiently flexible translation approaches for different study materials. We aimed to develop a proportionate methodology to inform translation of all types of study materials in global health trials. DESIGN The design included three stages: (1) categorisation of study materials, (2) integration of existing translation frameworks and (3) methodology implementation (Germany, India, Israel, Tanzania and Uganda) and refinement. PARTICIPANTS The study population comprised 27 mental health service users and 27 mental health workers who were fluent in the local language in stage 7 (pretesting), and 54 bilingual mental health service users, aged 18 years or over, and able to give consent as judged by a clinician for step 9 (psychometric evaluation). SETTING The study took place in preparation for the Using Peer Support in Developing Empowering Mental Health Services (UPSIDES) randomised controlled trial (ISRCTN26008944). PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE The primary outcome measure was the Social Inclusion Scale (SIS). RESULTS The typology identifies four categories of study materials: local text, study-generated text, secondary measures and primary measure. The UPSIDES Proportionate Translation Methodology comprises ten steps: preparation, forward translation, reconciliation, back translation, review, harmonisation, pretesting, finalisation, psychometric evaluation and dissemination. The translated primary outcome measure for the UPSIDES Trial (SIS) demonstrated adequate content validity (49.3 vs 48.5, p=0.08), convergent validity and internal consistency (0.73), with minimal floor/ceiling effects. CONCLUSION This methodology can be recommended for translating, cross-culturally adapting and validating all study materials, including standardised measures, in future multisite global trials. The methodology is particularly applicable to multi-national studies involving sites with differing resource levels. The robustness of the psychometric findings is limited by the sample sizes for each site. However, making this limitation explicit is preferable to the typical practice of not reporting adequate details about measure translation and validation. TRAIL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN26008944.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Charles
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Palak Korde
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chris Newby
- School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alina Grayzman
- Department of Social Work, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Candelaria Mahlke
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Galia Moran
- Department of Social Work, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Juliet Nakku
- Butabika National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
- Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Rebecca Nixdorf
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Eva Paul
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Puschner
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mary Ramesh
- Department of Health Systems, Impact Evaluation and Policy, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Grace Kathryn Ryan
- Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Donat Shamba
- Department of Health Systems, Impact Evaluation and Policy, Ifakara Health Institute, Ifakara, Morogoro, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Jasmine Kalha
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Mike Slade
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Mirbahaeddin E, Chreim S. A Narrative Review of Factors Influencing Peer Support Role Implementation in Mental Health Systems: Implications for Research, Policy and Practice. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2022; 49:596-612. [PMID: 35018509 PMCID: PMC8751663 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-021-01186-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
With increasing calls to incorporate recovery principles into conventional mental health care, the importance of peer support worker (PSW) services has gained attention. However, studies consistently show that PSWs remain underutilized. Although research addresses several factors that influence formal implementation of their role, there is lack of a comprehensive framework that synthesizes the factors and addresses their interlevel interactions. This paper provides a narrative review and synthesis of literature on multilevel factors that influence formal PSW role implementation in mental health systems. We conducted a search of literature and reviewed 38 articles that met inclusion criteria. Our thematic analysis involved identifying first and second order categories that applied across studies, and developing third order interpretations through iterations. We synthesized the findings in a multilevel framework consisting of macro, meso and micro level influences. Influencing factors at the macro level include broader socio-cultural factors (medical model, recovery values, professional power dynamics, training and certification), regulatory and political factors (policy mandates, political commitment), and economic and financial factors (funding, affordability of services). Factors at the meso level include organizational culture, organizational leadership, change management, and human resource management policies. Micro level influences pertain to relationships between PSWs and team members, and PSW wellbeing. Interlevel interactions are also outlined. Limitations and implications for research, policy and practice are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elmira Mirbahaeddin
- Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, 55 Laurier Ave E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
| | - Samia Chreim
- Telfer School of Management, University of Ottawa, 55 Laurier Ave E, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5 Canada
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Prat Vigué G, Cano Prieto I, Del Río Sáez R, Vilanova Masana R, Simó Algado S. Training Peer Support Workers in Mental Health Care: A Mixed Methods Study in Central Catalonia. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:791724. [PMID: 35463525 PMCID: PMC9023875 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.791724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A mental health peer support program was implemented at two reference institutions in Central Catalonia. The program culturally and contextually adapted successful international projects by training people with experience of mental health problems and ensuring their employment in multidisciplinary health care teams. This study explores the influence of peer interventions in mental health on the three groups of participants: peer support workers, service users, and mental health professionals. METHODS A mixed observational method design included pre-, inter-, and post-experimental components and a qualitative description of the impact. The triangulation of the qualitative and quantitative findings showed its coherence and facilitated the understanding of the results. Outcomes and measures were as follows: self-stigma (Self-Stigma Questionnaire); life satisfaction (Scale of Satisfaction with Life); participation in relevant activities (Engagement in Meaningful Activities Survey); personal recovery (Scale-revised Recovery Assessment); occupational performance (Canadian Occupational Performance Measure); and attitudes toward mental illness (Community Attitudes toward Mental Illness). RESULTS The program showed beneficial effects on peer support workers' (PSW) perceptions of occupational performance, specifically on the ability to find work (p = 0.038), work as a peer support worker (p = 0.016), give to the community (p = 0.011), and satisfaction in the ability to find work (p = 0.031). The assessment made by the three groups of participants was very positive: the PSWs showed an increase in self-esteem and a feeling of usefulness; users of the service described the experience as a source of hope and optimism in their recovery process; and professionals described the program as a positive step in their professional growth. DISCUSSION The peer-to-peer strategy is a source of hope in the personal recovery process, providing meaning to life for the PSWs while providing an extra source of support to service users in their process of personal recovery. The results offer us lines of improvement for future implementations. PSW's final emphasis has us reflecting on improvements to enhance their own wellness in mental health care services. The findings show the importance of working on life projects and their impact on the recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Prat Vigué
- Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Manresa, Spain
| | - Ivan Cano Prieto
- Althaia Xarxa Assistencial Universitària de Manresa, Manresa, Spain
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Gühne U, Richter D, Breilmann J, Täumer E, Falkai P, Kilian R, Allgöwer A, Ajayi K, Baumgärtner J, Brieger P, Frasch K, Heres S, Jäger M, Küthmann A, Putzhammer A, Schneeweiß B, Schwarz M, Becker T, Kösters M, Riedel-Heller SG. [Peer Support: Utilization and Benefit in Severe Mental Illness - Results from an Observational, Cross-Sectional Study]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2021; 71:499-507. [PMID: 34872153 DOI: 10.1055/a-1667-9966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peer support is playing an increasing role in the treatment of severely mentally ill people. International findings are available on its effectiveness. However, little is known about knowledge, use and benefit assessment in Germany. This paper addresses this question and presents results from an observational study with 10 participating clinics in southern Germany. METHODS As part of the observational cross-sectional study with people with severe mental illness (IMPPETUS, N=359), sociodemographic and illness- and treatment-associated data were collected by trained study staff between March 2019 and September 2019. Binary logistic regression was used to analyse a possible association with peer support use. RESULTS 38% (N=138) of respondents reported knowledge about the possibility of peer support; 15% (N=55) affirmed its use. Use of peer support varied across sites (between 6.5 and 37.5%) and was associated with household income. Significantly less frequent use of peer support was among those with high versus low household income (OR=0.20 [95% CI: 0.06-0.68], p=0.01). Of respondents with peer support use (N=55), 78% reported perceiving peer support to be helpful or highly helpful. DISCUSSION Peer support not only proves to be effective under study conditions with regard to various outcomes, but is also assessed as beneficial under routine conditions in a defined care region by the majority of users. However, only a few respondents knew and used the possibility of peer support. CONCLUSION In order to implement peer support more strongly, information about this kind of service should be provided more effectively and a dialogue about successful implementation experiences should be initiated on a regional level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uta Gühne
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Universität Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät, Leipzig, Deutschland
| | - Daniel Richter
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Universität Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät, Leipzig, Deutschland.,Institut für Qualitätssicherung und Transparenz im Gesundheitswesen (IQTIQ), Berlin, Deutschland
| | - Johanna Breilmann
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II am Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Universität Ulm, Günzburg, Deutschland
| | - Esther Täumer
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Peter Falkai
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Klinikum der Universität München, München, Deutschland
| | - Reinhold Kilian
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II am Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Universität Ulm, Günzburg, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Allgöwer
- Institut für Epidemiologie und Medizinische Biometrie, Universität Ulm, Ulm, Deutschland
| | - Klemens Ajayi
- Kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinikum, Region München, Deutschland
| | - Jessica Baumgärtner
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirkskrankenhaus Augsburg, Universität Augsburg, Deutschland
| | - Peter Brieger
- Kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinikum, Region München, Deutschland
| | - Karel Frasch
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II am Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Universität Ulm, Günzburg, Deutschland.,Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirkskrankenhaus Donauwörth, Deutschland
| | - Stephan Heres
- Kbo-Isar-Amper-Klinikum, Region München, Deutschland
| | - Markus Jäger
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II am Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Universität Ulm, Günzburg, Deutschland.,Fachkrankenhaus für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirkskrankenhaus Kempten, Deutschland
| | - Andreas Küthmann
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirkskrankenhaus Memmingen, Deutschland
| | - Albert Putzhammer
- Klinik für Psychiatrie, Psychotherapie und Psychosomatik, Bezirkskrankenhaus Kaufbeuren, Deutschland
| | | | | | - Thomas Becker
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II am Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Universität Ulm, Günzburg, Deutschland
| | - Markus Kösters
- Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie II am Bezirkskrankenhaus Günzburg, Universität Ulm, Günzburg, Deutschland
| | - Steffi G Riedel-Heller
- Institut für Sozialmedizin, Arbeitsmedizin und Public Health (ISAP), Universität Leipzig, Medizinische Fakultät, Leipzig, Deutschland
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"You have people here to help you, people like me." A Qualitative Analysis of a Blogging Intervention for Adolescents and Young Adults with Depression or Anxiety. JOURNAL OF TECHNOLOGY IN BEHAVIORAL SCIENCE 2021; 6:578-588. [PMID: 34926793 DOI: 10.1007/s41347-021-00210-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Blogging in the lay community has been shown to be a popular means of expression for all ages exhibiting mental illness symptoms. With the recent rise of mental illness rates among adolescents, blogging in a space specifically designated to discuss mental health topics for adolescents could potentially be beneficial for this demographic. In order to reveal whether or not blogging has positive effects on adolescents and young adults, we created a moderated, anonymous eHealth intervention for those in this demographic experiencing depression and/or anxiety symptoms. This intervention, called Supporting Our Valued Adolescents (SOVA), allows a safe place for participants ages 14-26 (inclusive) to read, write, and comment on blog posts regarding various mental health topics. In this paper, we analyze 40 SOVA blog posts and their corresponding comments written by 18 participants over a six-month period to see if actively engaging on the website was beneficial for their mental health. These posts and comments were analyzed on their degree of self-disclosure, regulatory and interpersonal support, acknowledgement of others, and reader feedback. We found that the content analyzed implied that blogging had a positive effect on participants using this online intervention.
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Tessier M, Lamothe J, Geoffrion S. Adherence to Psychological First Aid after Exposure to a Traumatic Event at Work among EMS Workers: A Qualitative Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:11026. [PMID: 34769546 PMCID: PMC8583237 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph182111026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Managing post-traumatic stress reactions in the first few days after exposure to a potentially traumatic event in the course of one's work remains a challenge for first responder organizations such as Emergency Medical Services (EMS). Psychological First Aid (PFA) is an evidence-informed approach to reducing initial distress and promoting short- and long-term coping strategies among staff in the aftermath of exposure. PFA provided by peer helpers is considered a promising solution for first responder organizations. Unfortunately, first responders may encounter stigma and barriers to mental health care. Therefore, a deeper investigation is needed regarding adherence over time to implemented PFA intervention. The purpose of this study is to qualitatively explore factors that influence adherence to PFA intervention of recipients and peer helpers. EMS workers (n = 11), working as PFA peer helpers for one year, participated in semi-structured interviews. Data were analyzed using thematic analysis; intercoder reliability (κ = 0.91) was also used. Researchers identified four themes and 11 subthemes influencing adherence to PFA intervention: (1) individual perceptions and attitudes of peer helpers and recipients about pfa intervention; (2) perceived impacts on peer helpers and recipients; (3) organizational support to pfa intervention; and (4) congruence with the occupational culture. Study findings herein suggest that it is conceivable to act on various factors to improve adherence to PFA intervention among peer helpers and recipients within EMS organization. This could lead to enhanced understanding of the challenges involved in sustaining a peer led PFA program for first responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marine Tessier
- Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
- Trauma Studies Center, University Institute of Mental Health of Montreal, Montréal, QC H1L 2K4, Canada; (J.L.); (S.G.)
| | - Josianne Lamothe
- Trauma Studies Center, University Institute of Mental Health of Montreal, Montréal, QC H1L 2K4, Canada; (J.L.); (S.G.)
- School of Criminology, Universiteé de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Steve Geoffrion
- Trauma Studies Center, University Institute of Mental Health of Montreal, Montréal, QC H1L 2K4, Canada; (J.L.); (S.G.)
- School of Psychoeducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
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Stirrup V, Jones FW, Dimond I, Green D, Kaur J, Wattingham A, MacInnes D. Developing and evaluating mental health lived experience practitioner (LXP) roles in an NHS trust. J Ment Health 2021; 31:255-262. [PMID: 34569392 DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2021.1952956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The value of establishing roles for people with lived experience of mental distress within mental health services is increasingly being recognised. However, there is limited information to guide the introduction of these roles into mental health services. AIMS This study details the development and evaluation of a new mental health peer worker role, the Lived Experience Practitioner (LXP), within an NHS Trust. METHODS A three-phase exploratory mixed-methods approach was used. Qualitative data were collected and analysed in the first phase. The qualitative findings were then translated into the formal procedures for introducing LXPs into the Trust, with the approach examined quantitatively in the third phase. RESULTS The qualitative analysis identified five themes; role design, training, piloting, career pathways and communication. These formed the basis for working groups (workstreams) which developed policies and procedures for introducing the LXP role into the Trust. Twenty-eight applicants commenced a training programme with 10 successful completions. Seven LXPs were employed by the Trust and were still in their posts after 2 years. CONCLUSION In this study, three areas were viewed as important when introducing LXP roles into mental health services; organisational support, the training programme and employment procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Stirrup
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Social Care, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
| | - Fergal W Jones
- Salomons Institute for Applied Psychology, Canterbury Christ Church University, Tunbridge Wells, UK
| | | | - Debbie Green
- Department of Allied Health Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | | | | | - Douglas MacInnes
- Faculty of Medicine Health and Social Care, Canterbury Christ Church University, Canterbury, UK
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Brasier C, Roennfeldt H, Hamilton B, Martel A, Hill N, Stratford A, Buchanan-Hagen S, Byrne L, Castle D, Cocks N, Davidson L, Brophy L. Peer support work for people experiencing mental distress attending the emergency department: Exploring the potential. Emerg Med Australas 2021; 34:78-84. [PMID: 34490720 DOI: 10.1111/1742-6723.13848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the benefits and limitations of employing peer support workers, who utilise their own lived experience of mental distress and recovery, to support people experiencing mental distress who are attending the ED. METHODS This co-produced qualitative study utilised four phases: (i) assemble a collaborative multi-disciplinary research team and Expert Panel, of which at least half identified as having lived experience; (ii) a site visit to an ED; (iii) focus groups with consumers, support persons and ED staff; and (iv) a learning workshop for peer workers. RESULTS Focus groups were run for consumers (n = 7), support persons (n = 5) and ED staff (n = 7). Eleven consumer peer workers participated in the learning workshop. Four themes were identified and triangulated: the individual in distress, peer support work, a 'Peers in EDs' service and the ED context. Overall, findings suggest that peer support workers contribute important skills including listening, de-escalation, relationship-building and empathy. CONCLUSIONS This study identified that peer support workers would bring important skills to an ED (e.g. empathetic support, de-escalation). However, significant workforce and organisational support would be required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Brasier
- Social Work and Social Policy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Helena Roennfeldt
- Centre for Mental Health Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bridget Hamilton
- Centre for Mental Health Nursing, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Martel
- Faculty of Architecture, Building and Planning, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicole Hill
- Department of Social Work, Melbourne School of Health Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Sally Buchanan-Hagen
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Deakin University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise Byrne
- School of Management, College of Business and Law, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - David Castle
- Centre for Complex Interventions, Centre for Addictions and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nadine Cocks
- Mind Australia Limited, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Larry Davidson
- School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Lisa Brophy
- Social Work and Social Policy, School of Allied Health, Human Services and Sport, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Centre for Mental Health, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Byrne L, Roennfeldt H, Wolf J, Linfoot A, Foglesong D, Davidson L, Bellamy C. Effective Peer Employment Within Multidisciplinary Organizations: Model for Best Practice. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2021; 49:283-297. [PMID: 34478040 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-021-01162-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
This study sought a clearer understanding of organizational mechanisms reinforcing effective peer employment and organizational change from the perspectives of peer workers, non-peer staff and management in multidisciplinary mental health and substance use recovery services. Findings were used to develop a model for organizational best practice for peer employment and associated organizational change to promote recovery-oriented and person-directed services. Qualitative research was undertaken, involving 132 people participating in 14 focus groups and eight individual interviews. These people were employed across five U.S. multidisciplinary organizations providing mental health and substance use recovery services and deemed by a panel of experts to provide effective employment of peer workers. Study findings include the articulation of an interactive working model of best practice, comprising organizational commitment, organizational culture and effective organizational strategies necessary for a "whole-of-organization" approach to support authentic peer work and enable organizational transformation, to actualize recovery-oriented values and person-driven services. Strategies include Human Resources engagement, peers in positions of senior organizational authority, recurring whole of workforce training, along with peer training and peer-led supervision. Findings suggest whole-of-organization commitment, culture and practice are essential for the organizational transformation needed to support effective employment of peers in multidisciplinary environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Byrne
- School of Management, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia. .,Department of Psychiatry, Program for Recovery and Community Health, Yale School of Medicine, Building. 1 Erector Square, 319 Peck Street, New Haven, CT, 06513, USA.
| | - Helena Roennfeldt
- School of Management, RMIT University, 124 La Trobe St, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Jessica Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 300 George St #901, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Ally Linfoot
- Clackamas County Behavioral Health Division, Peer Delivered Services System of Care, 2051 Kaen Road, Oregon City, OR, 97045, USA
| | - Dana Foglesong
- National Association of Peer Supporters, 712 H St NE PMB 65, Washington, DC, 20002, USA
| | - Larry Davidson
- Department of Psychiatry, Program for Recovery and Community Health, Yale School of Medicine, Building. 1 Erector Square, 319 Peck Street, New Haven, CT, 06513, USA
| | - Chyrell Bellamy
- Department of Psychiatry, Program for Recovery and Community Health, Yale School of Medicine, Building. 1 Erector Square, 319 Peck Street, New Haven, CT, 06513, USA
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A Longitudinal Qualitative Analysis of the Way Peer Support Specialist Roles Change Over Time in a Psychiatric Hospital Setting in Asia. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2021; 49:226-236. [PMID: 34390425 PMCID: PMC8850219 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-021-01158-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
The current study seeks to determine how peer support roles change as peer support specialists’ positions within organizations and departments mature. We followed ten peer support specialists over the course of a year, interviewing them at three points, starting approximately three months after they began working as peer support specialists. We used an inductive process to analyze our data and followed guidelines on the structuring of longitudinal qualitative trajectories to divide the data into watershed moments. Our participants worked in a variety of departments in the hospital, and their service use experiences generally echo those of their service users. Participants appear to pass through four phases over the course of their employment as peers: early beginnings, establishing the role, role narrowing, and role sustainability. Services wishing to integrate new peers must be aware of the time required for integration. Having general job descriptions limited to specifying that peers are expected to use their lived experience to support current service users may lead to uncertainty amongst new and existing staff. Without role clarity, peers may struggle to find their place. Pairing new staff with mentors may limit this burden. As roles consolidate, boundaries may emerge. If these boundaries narrow the role of the PSS, they may no longer find the role appealing. They may then choose other caregiver roles with wider or different spheres of influence. Organizations may benefit by clearly indicating if they expect peer support positions to be static or transitionary.
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Wood E, Trasolini A, Thomas N. Barriers and facilitators to implementing and sustaining peer support in kidney care. J Ren Care 2021; 48:128-138. [PMID: 34275206 PMCID: PMC9292676 DOI: 10.1111/jorc.12394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Peer support offers informational, appraisal and emotional support for people with kidney disease, is recommended in national policy, yet has low engagement levels. This paper reports results of a national survey and qualitative interviews in the UK with the aim of increasing understanding of peer support availability and its barriers and facilitators. Literature Review A recent narrative review highlighted the barriers and facilitators to peer support uptake among people with kidney disease however called on further studies to be conducted. Material and Methods The survey, adapted from a 2012 version, was sent to all 83 UK kidney units. Semistructured interviews were conducted with staff, recipients and supporters from two units. Results Forty‐four units completed the survey, and 10 staff, 7 patients and 2 peer supporters were interviewed. The most common facilitators were promotion with staff and having peer support champions. Barriers included lack of staff time, guidance/information, other projects taking priority and too few supporters. Discussion Little progress has been made since 2012; a proportion of units without peer support remains significant, with similar barriers identified in 2020. Services could be designed to limit the time needed for their creation and maintenance through having simpler referrals and designating staff liaisons. Implications for Clinical Practice Peer support programmes should have passionate staff and volunteers, involve recipients in the design, recruit an array of supporters and establish evaluations to determine the progress/outcomes. A resource toolkit was developed in response to this project. Conclusion Findings from the national survey and qualitative interviews showed that more peer support optimisation and prioritisation is needed to ensure benefits are maximised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrew Trasolini
- School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Nicola Thomas
- School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University, London, UK
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Lyons N, Cooper C, Lloyd-Evans B. A systematic review and meta-analysis of group peer support interventions for people experiencing mental health conditions. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:315. [PMID: 34162340 PMCID: PMC8220835 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03321-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer support is being integrated within mental health services to further the development of a recovery approach. However, the most effective models and formats of intervention delivery are unknown. We conducted this systematic review and meta-analysis to determine the effectiveness of peer support for improving outcomes for people with lived experience of mental health conditions, when delivered as group interventions. METHODS Studies reporting randomised controlled trials of group peer support interventions for people experiencing mental health conditions were identified by searching MEDLINE, PsycINFO, Embase and Cochrane CENTRAL, from inception until July 12th 2019 and undertaking supplementary searches. Included studies were assessed for risk of bias and meta-analyses were conducted if three or more trials provided usable data. RESULTS Eight trials met eligibility criteria, providing data from 2131 participants. Six trials had either high or unclear risk of bias. Interventions were categorised as mutual support groups, or peer support groups, sub-categorised as anti-stigma or self-management interventions. Meta-analyses were only possible for peer support groups and five outcomes. We found evidence that group peer support may make small improvements to overall recovery but not hope or empowerment individually, or to clinical symptoms. Evidence for effectiveness for outcomes which could not be meta-analysed was mixed. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the few eligible trials suggest group peer support interventions may be specifically effective for supporting personal recovery and have a limited impact on other outcomes, though there were some risks of bias to study findings. Interventions were heterogeneous and most social outcomes were absent in the literature, highlighting further limitations to the current evidence-base. There is insufficient evidence available from trials of group peer support torecommend the routine implementation of these interventions across mainstream mental health services at present. More high-quality trials of peer-developed, group peer support interventions are needed in order tomake firm conclusions about intervention effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Lyons
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK.
| | - Chris Cooper
- Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, WC1E 7HB, UK
| | - Brynmor Lloyd-Evans
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, Maple House, 149 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 7NF, UK
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Kuek JHL, Chua HC, Poremski D. Barriers and facilitators of peer support work in a large psychiatric hospital: a thematic analysis. Gen Psychiatr 2021; 34:e100521. [PMID: 34222796 PMCID: PMC8212403 DOI: 10.1136/gpsych-2021-100521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer support workers are an important addition to the mental healthcare profession. However, much of the literature and knowledge of the peer support role is derived from western countries. This concept is relatively new in Asian countries. AIMS The study sought to improve the understanding of the barriers and facilitators of peer support work in a large psychiatric hospital in Singapore. METHODS This study used qualitative data from a larger mixed-methods study. Thematic analysis was conducted based on the five steps recommended by Braun and Clarke (2006): (1) familiarisation of data whereby transcripts were read and reread, (2) generating initial codes, (3) searching for themes by gathering relevant codes, (4) reviewing themes and (5) defining and naming themes. RESULTS Four subthemes under the broader notion of facilitators (supportive figures, defined role, opportunities for personal growth and identifying personalised coping strategies) and three subthemes under the concept of barriers (unclear role, hostility from non-peer-support-specialist staff and unsupportive working environments) were identified. CONCLUSION Our findings echoed those of previous studies conducted in western countries providing some evidences for the cross-cultural nature of these barriers and facilitators. However, the way their impact can be mitigated or enhanced is likely to be different owing to cultural barriers, such as the general consensus and acceptance of larger personal recovery ideologies. Further research is required in community settings to better understand the boundaries and limitations of our findings. This information will allow us to continue improving peer support worker integration in diverse mental healthcare settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Choon Chua
- Health Intelligence Unit, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
| | - Daniel Poremski
- Health Intelligence Unit, Institute of Mental Health, Singapore
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Adams WE, Lincoln AK. Barriers to and Facilitators of Implementing Peer Support Services for Criminal Justice-Involved Individuals. Psychiatr Serv 2021; 72:626-632. [PMID: 33730877 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ps.201900627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study sought to examine perceived barriers to and facilitators of the adoption, implementation, and sustainability of community-based mental health peer support services for criminal justice-involved individuals, also known as "forensic peer support" (FPS). METHODS Qualitative interviews were conducted with stakeholders (N=14) and peer specialists (N=37) to better understand delivery of peer support services for justice-involved individuals in Pennsylvania. Thematic analysis followed by directed content analysis was used to identify factors in three a priori implementation categories based on the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance) model: initial facilitators (adoption), barriers (implementation), and facilitators (maintenance) to long-term sustainability. RESULTS Initial service adoption was facilitated by buy-in from recovery-oriented gatekeepers in the criminal justice system. Unique implementation barriers included the chasm between the orientations of the two systems (recovery vs. punitive) and formal and informal limitations on the employment of individuals with criminal justice system exposure. For services to be sustainable and have an impact over the long term, FPS advocates and workers must develop rapport with on-the-ground employees of the criminal justice system. Funding barriers specific to the criminal justice system limited the adoption, implementation, and maintenance of FPS services. CONCLUSIONS Although many of the factors that affect FPS service implementation were similar to those identified in the broader peer support literature, important differences must be addressed for successful FPS service delivery. Within the criminal justice system, both policies and norms presented barriers to the expansion of peer support services for justice-involved individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallis E Adams
- Institute for Health Equity and Social Justice Research, Northeastern University, Boston (Adams, Lincoln); Department of Sociology, California State University, East Bay, Hayward (Adams)
| | - Alisa K Lincoln
- Institute for Health Equity and Social Justice Research, Northeastern University, Boston (Adams, Lincoln); Department of Sociology, California State University, East Bay, Hayward (Adams)
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Charles A, Nixdorf R, Ibrahim N, Meir LG, Mpango RS, Ngakongwa F, Nudds H, Pathare S, Ryan G, Repper J, Wharrad H, Wolf P, Slade M, Mahlke C. Initial Training for Mental Health Peer Support Workers: Systematized Review and International Delphi Consultation. JMIR Ment Health 2021; 8:e25528. [PMID: 34042603 PMCID: PMC8193486 DOI: 10.2196/25528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Initial training is essential for the mental health peer support worker (PSW) role. Training needs to incorporate recent advances in digital peer support and the increase of peer support work roles internationally. There is a lack of evidence on training topics that are important for initial peer support work training and on which training topics can be provided on the internet. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to establish consensus levels about the content of initial training for mental health PSWs and the extent to which each identified topic can be delivered over the internet. METHODS A systematized review was conducted to identify a preliminary list of training topics from existing training manuals. Three rounds of Delphi consultation were then conducted to establish the importance and web-based deliverability of each topic. In round 1, participants were asked to rate the training topics for importance, and the topic list was refined. In rounds 2 and 3, participants were asked to rate each topic for importance and the extent to which they could be delivered over the internet. RESULTS The systematized review identified 32 training manuals from 14 countries: Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, Germany, Ireland, the Netherlands, Norway, Scotland, Sweden, Uganda, the United Kingdom, and the United States. These were synthesized to develop a preliminary list of 18 topics. The Delphi consultation involved 110 participants (49 PSWs, 36 managers, and 25 researchers) from 21 countries (14 high-income, 5 middle-income, and 2 low-income countries). After the Delphi consultation (round 1: n=110; round 2: n=89; and round 3: n=82), 20 training topics (18 universal and 2 context-specific) were identified. There was a strong consensus about the importance of five topics: lived experience as an asset, ethics, PSW well-being, and PSW role focus on recovery and communication, with a moderate consensus for all other topics apart from the knowledge of mental health. There was no clear pattern of differences among PSW, manager, and researcher ratings of importance or between responses from participants in countries with different resource levels. All training topics were identified with a strong consensus as being deliverable through blended web-based and face-to-face training (rating 1) or fully deliverable on the internet with moderation (rating 2), with none identified as only deliverable through face-to-face teaching (rating 0) or deliverable fully on the web as a stand-alone course without moderation (rating 3). CONCLUSIONS The 20 training topics identified can be recommended for inclusion in the curriculum of initial training programs for PSWs. Further research on web-based delivery of initial training is needed to understand the role of web-based moderation and whether web-based training better prepares recipients to deliver web-based peer support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Charles
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Rebecca Nixdorf
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nashwa Ibrahim
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
- Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing Department, Faculty of Nursing, Mansoura University, Masoura, Egypt
| | - Lion Gai Meir
- Department of Social Work, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Richard S Mpango
- Butabika National Referral Hospital, Butabika, Uganda
- School of Health Sciences, Soroti University, Soroti, Uganda
- MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
| | - Fileuka Ngakongwa
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, United Republic of Tanzania
| | - Hannah Nudds
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Soumitra Pathare
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Pune, India
| | - Grace Ryan
- Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Repper
- ImROC, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Wharrad
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Philip Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry II, Ulm University II, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mike Slade
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Candelaria Mahlke
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Piat M, Wainwright M, Sofouli E, Vachon B, Deslauriers T, Préfontaine C, Frati F. Factors influencing the implementation of mental health recovery into services: a systematic mixed studies review. Syst Rev 2021; 10:134. [PMID: 33952336 PMCID: PMC8101029 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-021-01646-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Countries around the world have committed in policy to transforming their mental health services towards a recovery orientation. How has mental health recovery been implemented into services for adults, and what factors influence the implementation of recovery-oriented services? METHODS This systematic mixed studies review followed a convergent qualitative synthesis design and used the best-fit framework synthesis method. Librarians ran searches in Ovid- MEDLINE, Ovid-EMBASE, Ovid-PsycInfo, EBSCO-CINAHL Plus with Full Text, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Two reviewers independently screened studies for inclusion or exclusion using DistillerSR. Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods peer-reviewed studies published since 1998 were included if they reported a new effort to transform adult mental health services towards a recovery orientation, and reported findings related to implementation experience, process, or factors. Data was extracted in NVivo12 to the 38 constructs of the Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR). The synthesis included a within-case and a cross-case thematic analysis of data coded to each CFIR construct. Cases were types of recovery-oriented innovations. RESULTS Seventy studies met our inclusion criteria. These were grouped into seven types of recovery-oriented innovations (cases) for within-case and cross-case synthesis. Themes illustrating common implementation factors across innovations are presented by CFIR domain: Intervention Characteristics (flexibility, relationship building, lived experience); Inner Setting (traditional biomedical vs. recovery-oriented approach, the importance of organizational and policy commitment to recovery-transformation, staff turnover, lack of resources to support personal recovery goals, information gaps about new roles and procedures, interpersonal relationships), Characteristics of Individuals (variability in knowledge about recovery, characteristics of recovery-oriented service providers); Process (the importance of planning, early and continuous engagement with stakeholders). Very little data from included studies was extracted to the outer setting domain, and therefore, we present only some initial observations and note that further research on outer setting implementation factors is needed. CONCLUSION The CFIR required some adaptation for use as an implementation framework in this review. The common implementation factors presented are an important starting point for stakeholders to consider when implementing recovery-oriented services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myra Piat
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875, boul. LaSalle, Montréal, Québec, H4H 1R3, Canada. .,McGill University, Québec, Canada.
| | - Megan Wainwright
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875, boul. LaSalle, Montréal, Québec, H4H 1R3, Canada.,Department of Anthropology, Durham University, Durham, Canada
| | - Eleni Sofouli
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, 6875, boul. LaSalle, Montréal, Québec, H4H 1R3, Canada.,McGill University, Québec, Canada
| | - Brigitte Vachon
- School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, C.P. 6128, succursale Centre-ville, Montreal, Québec, H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Tania Deslauriers
- School of Rehabilitation, Université de Montréal, 7077 avenue du Parc, Montreal, QC, H3N 1X7, Canada
| | - Cassandra Préfontaine
- Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 3351 Boulevard des Forges, Trois-Rivières, QC, G8Z 4M3, Canada
| | - Francesca Frati
- Schulich Library of Physical Sciences, Life Sciences, and Engineering, McGill University, 809, Sherbrooke W, Montreal, Québec, H3A 0C9, Canada
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Slade M. Management of a High-Performing Mental Health Recovery Research Group. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4007. [PMID: 33920382 PMCID: PMC8070016 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A personal perspective is given on the processes involved in managing and sustaining a high-performing mental health recovery research group. The broader context of scholarship in the United Kingdom is outlined, in which academic productivity is commodified specifically in relation to peer-reviewed journal papers. Four leadership choices in developing a high-performing research group are discussed: optimal group size; sharing the workload; maintaining a programmatic focus; and performance expectations. Approaches to maximising innovation are identified, including emotional and intellectual engagement of team members, working with diverse stakeholders and convening communities of practice. We use a highly managed approach to publications from inception to acceptance, which is described in detail. The use of these approaches is illustrated in relation to the Recovery Research Team which was formed in 2009. Specific recovery-related issues covered include demonstrating the ability to develop a significant recovery research portfolio (our four current large [>UK£2 m] studies relate to recovery narratives, global mental health peer support work, digital interventions and Recovery Colleges); the positive implications of actively recruiting researchers with mental health lived experience; how performance issues are managed; our approach to involving lived experience co-authors in papers; and our decision to conduct mixed-methods rather than solely qualitative studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mike Slade
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road, Nottingham NG7 2TU, UK
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Hegedüs A, Burr C, Pfluger V, Sieg D, Nienaber A, Schulz M. Peer support worker training: Results of the evaluation of the Experienced Involvement training programme in Switzerland and Germany. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:451-460. [PMID: 33118298 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The 'Experienced Involvement' (EX-IN) training programme prepares and certifies individuals who have experienced mental health problems to work as peer support workers and to support others challenged by similar conditions. We aimed to assess the impact of the EX-IN training on hope, self-efficacy, introspection, stigma resistance, personal recovery, health-related quality of life and employment in participants. Data was collected using standardized assessment instruments before the training started (t1) and upon course completion (t2). Data from 103 participants who participated in both measurement times were included into data analysis. Participants significantly improved their recovery, stigma resistance and introspection during the EX-IN training. In addition, a significant higher proportion of participants were employed at t2. Participants whose last inpatient stay was 0-1 year before the start of the EX-IN training showed significantly lower levels of stigma resistance, and self-efficacy at t1 than participants with two or more years since the last inpatient stay. There were no significant changes in mean values over time, or in the mean values at t2 between the two groups. EX-IN training has a positive influence on the handling of stigma, on one's recovery path and introspection. This indicates that EX-IN training has a therapeutic effect on the participants. EX-IN training seems to meet the challenges of peer support work. Therefore, the training can be recommended as preparation for working as a peer support worker as well as an intervention to improve one´s recovery process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hegedüs
- Research Institute, Careum School of Health, Zurich, Switzerland.,International Graduate Academy (InGrA), "Participation as Goal of Nursing and Therapy", Institute of Health and Nursing Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Christian Burr
- Departement of Clinical Nursing Science, University Psychiatric Services, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Viviane Pfluger
- Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, Department of Psychology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Sieg
- Diaconia University of Applied Sciences, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - André Nienaber
- University of Applied Sciences Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Michael Schulz
- LWL-Clinic Gütersloh, Gütersloh, Germany.,Institute of Health and Nursing Sciences, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
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73
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Evolvement of Peer Support Workers' Roles in Psychiatric Hospitals: A Longitudinal Qualitative Observation Study. Community Ment Health J 2021; 57:589-597. [PMID: 33367956 PMCID: PMC7904537 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-020-00741-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Peer support workers (PSWs) use their experiential knowledge and specific skills to support patients in their recovery process. The aim of our study was to examine the integration and role-finding process of PSWs in adult psychiatric hospitals in Germany. We conducted open nonparticipant observations of 25 multiprofessional team meetings and 5 transregional peer support worker meetings over a period of six months. The data were analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Regarding the integration of PSWs into multiprofessional teams, we identified three subcategories: "Features of success," "challenges" and "positioning between team and patients." Concerning the PSWs' roles, we developed two subcategories: "Offers" and "self-perception." The PSWs' specific roles within a multiprofessional mental healthcare team evolve in a process over a longer period of time. This role-finding process should be supported by a framework role description which leaves sufficient freedom for individual development. Regular opportunities for mutual exchange among PSWs can help to address specific support needs at different points in time.
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74
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Strategies Used to Support Peer Provision in Mental Health: A Scoping Review. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2021; 48:1034-1045. [PMID: 33655461 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-021-01118-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
The employment of peer providers (people who draw on their lived experience of mental health challenges) has grown in conjunction with the increased acceptance of recovery as a key principle in mental health policy and practice. Barriers to the integration of peer providers in mental health services have been well documented. This review addresses an under-explored area by consolidating strategies undertaken by mental health organizations for the successful implementation of peer provision. A scoping review was chosen to facilitate the rapid summary and dissemination of research findings that are relevant to policymakers and practitioners. Peer-reviewed articles and grey literature were sourced from three databases, key peer support websites and a hand search of the included studies. Following screening, data were extracted from 28 studies: 25 qualitative and three mixed methods studies. The data were analyzed using thematic analysis and organized into themes. Four themes emerged from the data. Championing of peer provision initiatives by organizational leadership is central to the success and sustainability of peer provision. Leadership undergirds three strategies that were discussed: organizational preparation, recruitment, training and induction, and support and development. When peer provision is championed by organizational leadership, measures can be undertaken to prepare the organization for peer provision; recruit, train and induce peer providers successfully into the organization; and support peer providers on the job.
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75
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Sanchez-Moscona C, Eiroa-Orosa FJ. Training mental health peer support training facilitators: a qualitative, participatory evaluation. Int J Ment Health Nurs 2021; 30:261-273. [PMID: 32893476 DOI: 10.1111/inm.12781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The facilitator's training for peer support workers in mental health course was a recovery-based initiative addressed to professionalize peer support in Catalonia, Spain. Our aim was to elicit participants' motivations, significant learnings, and opinions regarding the training programme. A qualitative approach was used through content and thematic analyses of the course contents and participation narratives. The motivations to attend the course were helping others, learning, and supporting the implementation of the peer support profession. Participants learnt concepts on pedagogy, peer support, and recovery. The key resulting themes were organization and moderation; peer support's role, skills, functions, and values; language; health system knowledge; and types of support. The course programme seems appropriate in preparing people who have lived experience of mental health problems as facilitators of future peer support training courses. The present analysis identifies the participants' vision regarding their learning needs. It aims to serve as a guide for similar train-the-trainers courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilia Sanchez-Moscona
- Section of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,First-Person Research Group, Veus, Catalan Federation of 1st Person Mental Health Organisations, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francisco José Eiroa-Orosa
- Section of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,First-Person Research Group, Veus, Catalan Federation of 1st Person Mental Health Organisations, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain.,Yale Program for Recovery and Community Health, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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76
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Burr C, Rother K, Elhilali L, Winter A, Kozel B, Weidling K, Zuaboni G. [Roles and Work Content of Peer Workers and Experts by Experience in Mental Health Practice, Education, Research and Development - Results of a Survey in Switzerland]. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2020; 48:135-142. [PMID: 33232979 DOI: 10.1055/a-1287-6074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY To identify work contents, roles and tasks of peer workers in mental health services in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. METHODS A survey was conducted among peers in the German-speaking part of Switzerland. RESULTS Most respondents stated that they work mainly in specialized services in the treatment of people with psychoses and affective disorders and in direct contact with service users. "Building bridges" between service users and professionals, conveying hope and confidence, empowerment as well as support in symptom management was most frequently indicated as a work activity. The majority of respondents have job descriptions that correspond to their activities. CONCLUSIONS For mental health services, the challenge is to integrate the new professional group of peers workers as well as possible without undermining their proximity to the service users or their possibly critical perspective with regard to the existing practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Burr
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Schweiz
| | - Katja Rother
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Schweiz
| | - Laila Elhilali
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Schweiz
| | - Andréa Winter
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Schweiz
| | - Bernd Kozel
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Schweiz
| | - Katja Weidling
- Florence-Nightingale-Krankenhaus, Düsseldorf, Deutschland
| | - Gianfranco Zuaboni
- Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Universitäre Psychiatrische Dienste Bern (UPD), Schweiz.,Sanatorium Kilchberg AG, Privatklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Kilchberg (ZH), Schweiz
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77
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Zhang MM, Niu N, Zhi XX, Zhu P, Wu B, Wu BN, Meng AF, Zhao Y. Nurses' psychological changes and coping strategies during home isolation for the 2019 novel coronavirus in China: A qualitative study. J Adv Nurs 2020; 77:308-317. [PMID: 33068024 DOI: 10.1111/jan.14572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To explore the psychological changes of nurses during home isolation, the factors that related with these changes, and coping strategies in home isolation during the epidemic of COVID-19 in China. DESIGN A qualitative study based on grounded theory. METHODS Individual semi-structured telephone interviews were conducted from January 2020-February 2020 with 10 nurses who were isolated at home sharing the experiences of the epidemic of COVID-19. All interviews were audio recorded, transcribed, and analysed using constant comparative data analysis. RESULTS Analyses of the collected data reveal that the psychological changes of nurses during home isolation reflect a complex, dynamic, and gradually adaptive process that was affected by many factors. Nurses had many negative emotional reactions in the early stages of isolation and positive emotions gradually increased during home isolation. After release from home isolation, they become more confident and calm after. Six categories of coping strategies were identified, including reasoned cognition; autosuggestion; develop healthy protective behaviours; shifting attention; social support; and the power of a role model. CONCLUSIONS The study provides a better understanding of the psychological changes and the coping strategies used among nurses isolated at home. It is necessary to pay more attention to negative emotions in the early stages of home isolation to help nurses adjust quickly. The coping strategies used by nurses are likely to help those in home isolation reduce negative psychological changes and experience more optimal self-adjustment. IMPACT This study explored the psychological changes and coping strategies of home isolation among nurses, providing useful advice for psychologists to develop psychological crisis interventions to help individuals reduce negative psychological and have more actively coping strategies when faced sudden stressful infectious diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mao-Mao Zhang
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Niu Niu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiao-Xu Zhi
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Zhu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Bai-Nv Wu
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Ai-Feng Meng
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Zhao
- Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Cancer Hospital, Nanjing, China
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78
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Mpango R, Kalha J, Shamba D, Ramesh M, Ngakongwa F, Kulkarni A, Korde P, Nakku J, Ryan GK. Challenges to peer support in low- and middle-income countries during COVID-19. Global Health 2020; 16:90. [PMID: 32977816 PMCID: PMC7517058 DOI: 10.1186/s12992-020-00622-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A recent editorial urged those working in global mental health to "change the conversation" on coronavirus disease (Covid-19) by putting more focus on the needs of people with severe mental health conditions. UPSIDES (Using Peer Support In Developing Empowering mental health Services) is a six-country consortium carrying out implementation research on peer support for people with severe mental health conditions in high- (Germany, Israel), lower middle- (India) and low-income (Tanzania, Uganda) settings. This commentary briefly outlines some of the key challenges faced by UPSIDES sites in low- and middle-income countries as a result of Covid-19, sharing early lessons that may also apply to other services seeking to address the needs of people with severe mental health conditions in similar contexts. CHALLENGES AND LESSONS LEARNED The key take-away from experiences in India, Tanzania and Uganda is that inequalities in terms of access to mobile technologies, as well as to secure employment and benefits, put peer support workers in particularly vulnerable situations precisely when they and their peers are also at their most isolated. Establishing more resilient peer support services requires attention to the already precarious situation of people with severe mental health conditions in low-resource settings, even before a crisis like Covid-19 occurs. While it is essential to maintain contact with peer support workers and peers to whatever extent is possible remotely, alternatives to face-to-face delivery of psychosocial interventions are not always straightforward to implement and can make it more difficult to observe individuals' reactions, talk about emotional issues and offer appropriate support. CONCLUSIONS In environments where mental health care was already heavily medicalized and mostly limited to medications issued by psychiatric institutions, Covid-19 threatens burgeoning efforts to pursue a more holistic and person-centered model of care for people with severe mental health conditions. As countries emerge from lockdown, those working in global mental health will need to redouble their efforts not only to make up for lost time and help individuals cope with the added stressors of Covid-19 in their communities, but also to regain lost ground in mental health care reform and in broader conversations about mental health in low-resource settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Mpango
- Research and Training Section, Butabika National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
- Mental Health Section, MRC/UVRI and LSHTM Uganda Research Unit, Entebbe, Uganda
- Mental Health Department, School of Health Sciences, Soroti University, Arapai, Uganda
| | - Jasmine Kalha
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Pune, India
| | - Donat Shamba
- Department of Health Systems, Impact Evaluation and Policy, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mary Ramesh
- Department of Health Systems, Impact Evaluation and Policy, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Fileuka Ngakongwa
- Department of Health Systems, Impact Evaluation and Policy, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Arti Kulkarni
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Pune, India
| | - Palak Korde
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Pune, India
| | - Juliet Nakku
- Psychiatry, Butabika National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Grace K Ryan
- Department of Population Health, Faculty of Epidemiology and Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Nissling L, Fahlke C, Lilja JL, Skoglund I, Weineland S. Primary Care Peer-Supported Internet-Mediated Psychological Treatment for Adults With Anxiety Disorders: Mixed Methods Study. JMIR Form Res 2020; 4:e19226. [PMID: 32815819 PMCID: PMC7471888 DOI: 10.2196/19226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The effect of internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (iCBT) on anxiety in adults is well-known. However, patient dropouts and poor adherence to treatment are common. Feelings of belonging and empowerment from the treatment might be key to the completion of iCBT. Peer support workers are people with a personal experience of mental health problems, trained to provide professional support to people who require mental health care. Objective This study aims to assess patient experiences; the feasibility, safety, and acceptability; and preliminary effectiveness on anxiety and depression, empowerment, and adherence to treatment in an 8-week peer-supported iCBT program for patients with anxiety disorders treated in primary care. Methods This was a single-arm mixed methods feasibility study. Participants were patients referred to a central unit for iCBT in primary care. Quantitative data were collected pre-, post-, and 3 months postintervention. Qualitative data were collected through semistructured interviews. Results A total of 9 participants completed the quantitative outcome assessment. Statistically significant improvements were observed in perceived empowerment at a 3-month follow-up, and significant decreases in anxiety, depression, and psychological distress at the end of the treatment were maintained at a 3-month follow-up. In total, 8 of the 9 patients showed improvement in the severity of their symptoms of anxiety. Adherence to treatment was good among the participants. No serious adverse events were reported. Eight participants were enrolled in the qualitative analysis. The qualitative results showed 3 main themes: (1) real contact in an online world, (2) empowering experiences, and (3) being behind the wheel. Qualitative results largely emphasized the personal relationship and supported the acceptability of adding peer support to iCBT. Conclusions Peer support in digital treatment seems to be a safe and acceptable intervention. The preliminary results suggest the effectiveness of peer support on patient empowerment, anxiety, depression, psychological distress, and adherence to treatment. The results indicate the need for future studies to evaluate the effect of adding peer support to iCBT in larger randomized controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linnea Nissling
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,R&D Primary Health Care, Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Claudia Fahlke
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Josefine L Lilja
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,R&D Primary Health Care, Västra Götaland, Sweden
| | - Ingmarie Skoglund
- R&D Primary Health Care, Västra Götaland, Sweden.,General Medicine, School of Public Health and Community Medicine, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sandra Weineland
- Department of Psychology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,R&D Primary Health Care, Västra Götaland, Sweden
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80
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Teshager S, Kerebih H, Hailesilassie H, Abera M. Pathways to psychiatric care and factors associated with delayed help-seeking among patients with mental illness in Northern Ethiopia: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e033928. [PMID: 32713844 PMCID: PMC7383954 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-033928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to assess pathways to psychiatric care and factors associated with delayed help-seeking among patients with mental illness in Northern Ethiopia using the WHO Pathway Study Encounter Form. DESIGN A cross-sectional study design was used. SETTING Data were collected using face-to-face interview from patients with various diagnoses of mental illness attending outpatient treatment at Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital in Mekelle City, Tigray, Northern Ethiopia. PARTICIPANTS Participants who came to attend outpatient treatment during the study period were included in the study using consecutive sampling technique. OUTCOME MEASURES Pathways to psychiatric care, delayed psychiatric treatment and factors affecting delayed psychiatric treatment. RESULTS The median duration from problem onset to contact with first care provider was 4 weeks, whereas contact with modern psychiatric services was 52.0 weeks. Study participants who were single (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.91, 95% CI 1.19 to 7.11), divorced (AOR=3.73, 95% CI 1.33 to 10.49) and who perceived mental illness as shameful (AOR=3.29, 95% CI 1.15 to 9.41) had delayed treatment-seeking behaviour, whereas participants with no history of substance use (AOR=0.43, 95% CI 0.20 to 0.92) were less likely to have delayed treatment-seeking behaviour. CONCLUSIONS There is significant delay in seeking modern psychiatric treatment. Religious healers were the first source of help for mental illness. Majority of the respondents described that mental illness was due to supernatural causes. Stigma and lack of awareness about where treatment is available were barriers to seeking appropriate care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Senait Teshager
- Department of Psychiatry, Ayder Comprehensive Specialized Hospital, Mekele, Northern Ethiopia, Ethiopia
| | - Habtamu Kerebih
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
| | - Hailemariam Hailesilassie
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
| | - Mubarek Abera
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
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81
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Groß SE, Zielasek J, Kitzig F, Schröder M, Jahnke B, Gouzoulis-Mayfrank E. [Self-Perception and External Perception of Peer Support Workers in Clinical Psychiatric Practice]. PSYCHIATRISCHE PRAXIS 2020; 48:44-48. [PMID: 32688426 DOI: 10.1055/a-1181-4353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Since 2016, peer support workers (PSW) have been working in a clinical group with nine psychiatric clinics. The aim of this study was to collect expectations and experiences with peer support work. METHOD Twelve PSW and 32 clinicians (key informants, KI) from all clinics participated in an anonymous, written survey. RESULTS Both PSW and KI evaluated the overall importance of peer support, the cooperation between PSW and the clinical staff and the support from supervisors positively. KI rated the importance of peer support higher than the PSW themselves. PSW expressed the wish to act more independently. Compared to the self-perception of PSW, KI experienced them more insecure and burdened. CONCLUSION Our findings speak in favor of a high level of satisfaction with peer support work, but they also point to critical differences between external and self-perceptions of PSW. Qualitative and more extensive quantitative surveys are required.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Friedhelm Kitzig
- LVR-Dezernat 8: Klinikverbund und Verbund Heilpädagogischer Hilfen, Fachbereich 84: Planung, Qualitäts- und Innovationsmanagement, Köln
| | - Monika Schröder
- LVR-Dezernat 8: Klinikverbund und Verbund Heilpädagogischer Hilfen, Fachbereich 84: Planung, Qualitäts- und Innovationsmanagement, Köln
| | - Bettina Jahnke
- LVR-Dezernat 8: Klinikverbund und Verbund Heilpädagogischer Hilfen, Fachbereich 84: Planung, Qualitäts- und Innovationsmanagement, Köln
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To provide an overview of the update of the evidence-based and consensus-based German S3 guideline on psychosocial therapies for severe mental illnesses (SMI), with particular attention to current developments and future research tasks. RECENT FINDINGS There has been a significant increase in studies on the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in treatment of people with SMI. In the guideline a distinction is made between system-level interventions (e.g. multidisciplinary team-based psychiatric community care) and single-handed (nonteam-based) interventions (e.g. psychoeducation). Furthermore, principles of treatment (e.g. recovery-orientation) and self-help interventions (e.g. peer support) are addressed. The update of the guideline includes 33 recommendations and 12 statements. Compared with the first edition, there were upgrades in the recommendation of Supported Employment (A) and Supported Housing (A). Interventions such as peer support (B) and lifestyle interventions (A) were included for the first time. Developments are discussed in the context of most recent literature. Areas for further research are highlighted and fields for next updates such as antistigma interventions and supported parenting were identified. SUMMARY The present guideline offers an important opportunity to further improve health services for people with SMI. However, guideline implementation is challenging.
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83
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Moran GS, Kalha J, Mueller-Stierlin AS, Kilian R, Krumm S, Slade M, Charles A, Mahlke C, Nixdorf R, Basangwa D, Nakku J, Mpango R, Ryan G, Shamba D, Ramesh M, Ngakongwa F, Grayzman A, Pathare S, Mayer B, Puschner B. Peer support for people with severe mental illness versus usual care in high-, middle- and low-income countries: study protocol for a pragmatic, multicentre, randomised controlled trial (UPSIDES-RCT). Trials 2020; 21:371. [PMID: 32357903 PMCID: PMC7195705 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-020-4177-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peer support is an established intervention involving a person recovering from mental illness supporting others with mental illness. Peer support is an under-used resource in global mental health. Building upon comprehensive formative research, this study will rigorously evaluate the impact of peer support at multiple levels, including service user outcomes (psychosocial and clinical), peer support worker outcomes (work role and empowerment), service outcomes (cost-effectiveness and return on investment), and implementation outcomes (adoption, sustainability and organisational change). METHODS UPSIDES-RCT is a pragmatic, parallel-group, multicentre, randomised controlled trial assessing the effectiveness of using peer support in developing empowering mental health services (UPSIDES) at four measurement points over 1 year (baseline, 4-, 8- and 12-month follow-up), with embedded process evaluation and cost-effectiveness analysis. Research will take place in a range of high-, middle- and low-income countries (Germany, UK, Israel, India, Uganda and Tanzania). The primary outcome is social inclusion of service users with severe mental illness (N = 558; N = 93 per site) at 8-month follow-up, measured with the Social Inclusion Scale. Secondary outcomes include empowerment (using the Empowerment Scale), hope (using the HOPE scale), recovery (using Stages of Recovery) and health and social functioning (using the Health of the Nations Outcome Scales). Mixed-methods process evaluation will investigate mediators and moderators of effect and the implementation experiences of four UPSIDES stakeholder groups (service users, peer support workers, mental health workers and policy makers). A cost-effectiveness analysis examining cost-utility and health budget impact will estimate the value for money of UPSIDES peer support. DISCUSSION The UPSIDES-RCT will explore the essential components necessary to create a peer support model in mental health care, while providing the evidence required to sustain and eventually scale-up the intervention in different cultural, organisational and resource settings. By actively involving and empowering service users, UPSIDES will move mental health systems toward a recovery orientation, emphasising user-centredness, community participation and the realisation of mental health as a human right. TRIAL REGISTRATION ISRCTN, ISRCTN26008944. Registered on 30 October 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galia S. Moran
- The Charlotte B. and Jack J. Spitzer Department of Social Work, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Jasmine Kalha
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Pune, India
| | | | - Reinhold Kilian
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Silvia Krumm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Mike Slade
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Ashleigh Charles
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Candelaria Mahlke
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rebecca Nixdorf
- Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Juliet Nakku
- Butabika National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | | | - Grace Ryan
- Centre for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Donat Shamba
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - Mary Ramesh
- Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | | | - Alina Grayzman
- The Charlotte B. and Jack J. Spitzer Department of Social Work, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Be’er Sheva, Israel
| | - Soumitra Pathare
- Centre for Mental Health Law and Policy, Indian Law Society, Pune, India
| | - Benjamin Mayer
- Institute for Medical Biometry and Epidemiology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
| | - Bernd Puschner
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy II, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany
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Forchuk C, Martin ML, Sherman D, Corring D, Srivastava R, O'Regan T, Gyamfi S, Harerimana B. An ethnographic study of the implementation of a transitional discharge model: peer supporters' perspectives. Int J Ment Health Syst 2020; 14:18. [PMID: 32190106 PMCID: PMC7068983 DOI: 10.1186/s13033-020-00353-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Over the last three decades, there has been worldwide recognition of peer support contributions to improve mental healthcare provision. However, in the current literature, little attention has been paid to exploring perspectives of peer supporters on their involvement in mental health services provision. The purpose of the present study was to examine peer supporters’ perspectives on the implementation of a transitional discharge model (TDM), an intervention for the community integration of people with mental illness. Methods This paper represents ethnographic qualitative data collected as part of a study that used mixed methods to evaluate the implementation of TDM across nine hospitals from the Province of Ontario, in Canada. The study involved a sample of 66 peer supporters, who were recruited from participating Consumer/Survivor Initiative Organizations and Peer Support Programs. The study collected data using two sets of focus groups, which were held at 6 months and 1-year post implementation. Data analysis used an ethnography model of qualitative analysis. Results Peer supporters expressed that their involvement in mental healthcare enhanced clients’ autonomy and hope about their recovery, as well as established a safety net and reduced hospital readmissions. Peer supporters articulated that they assumed several roles to facilitate clients’ transition from hospital to the community. These roles included: assisting clients in building their capacity and developing healthy routines; attending regular on-ward and community meetings; accompanying clients to their appointments; and working with clients to set goals for their recovery. The study showed hindrances to effective implementation of peer support programs, such as a lack of understanding and appreciation of peer supporter roles, lack of careful allocation of peer supporters to clients, and an absence of appropriate protocols for ensuring the safety and supervision of the peer supporters. Conclusions Results of the TDM implementation demonstrated that involving peer supporters in mental healthcare delivery may benefit clients by enhancing autonomy and hope about their recovery, as well as establishing a safety net and reducing hospital readmissions. Results from the study have the potential to inform healthcare professionals and managers of strategies for developing effective peer support programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Forchuk
- 1Beryl and Richard Ivey Research Chair in Aging, Mental Health, Rehabilitation and Recovery, Lawson Health Research Institute, Mental Health Nursing Research Alliance, Parkwood Institute, Main Building 550 Wellington Road, Suite B3-110, P.O. Box 5777, STN B, London, N6A 4V2 Canada.,2Distinguished University Professor in the Arthur Labatt School of Nursing, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Mary-Lou Martin
- Clinical Nurse Specialist, St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Canada.,4School of Nursing, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Deborrah Sherman
- Retired ED of Ontario Peer Development Initiative, Toronto, Canada
| | - Deborah Corring
- 6Department of Psychiatry, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, Western University, London, Canada
| | | | - Tony O'Regan
- 8Retired Research Coordinator at Lawson Health Research Institute, and Lecturer, Arthur Labatt School of Nursing, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Sebastian Gyamfi
- 9Lawson Health Research Institute and Arthur Labatt School of Nursing, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Boniface Harerimana
- 9Lawson Health Research Institute and Arthur Labatt School of Nursing, Western University, London, Canada
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85
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Schilling SH, Carreño A, Tapia E, Mascayano F, Pitronello R, Santander F, Jorquera MJ, Burrone MS, Alvarado RV. Experts by Experience: Qualitative Evaluation of Adolescent Participation in the Development of a Technological Intervention to Prevent Youth Suicide in Chile. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:522057. [PMID: 33603681 PMCID: PMC7885714 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.522057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent suicide is a pressing problem in Chile that has not yet been sufficiently addressed, as suicide rates have stagnated in recent years. One possible explanation could be linked to the adult-centered paradigm that continues to prevail in relation to adolescent health initiatives. In light of this, programs that seek to promote youth mental health should consider incorporating adolescents in the design process using participatory methodologies, to ensure that these initiatives are well-suited for the population. In line with this recommendation, a group of seven adolescents, 13 to 20 years of age, were incorporated into a research team to actively guide the design, development, and validation of a technology-based intervention, known as Project Clan, which was piloted to reduce adolescent suicide in schools in Chile. This group was known as the "Group of Experts," in acknowledgment of their role as experts by experience on adolescence. A qualitative case study was conducted to explore their lived experiences, through semistructured individual in-depth interviews with six members of the group. Results showed that the adolescents had a high level of interest in mental health and had experienced problems of their own or accompanied friends who were struggling, which motivated their participation in the study. They had a critical view of the previous interventions they had received through educational institutions and valued their role in the promotion of their peers' mental health through the Group of Experts. They also highlighted the importance of creating tools that complement their daily lives and provide an alternative to existing social networks, by respecting their anonymity, providing a secure place for divulgation and self-expression, and facilitating access to professional support. We conclude that programs that address issues that affect adolescents should incorporate adolescents in the decision-making and design processes to ensure the acceptability and effectivity of their interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandra Carreño
- Programa de Estudios Sociales en Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana, Universidad de Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - Eric Tapia
- Centro de Salud Pública, Facultad de Salud, Instituto de Investigación e Innovación en Salud, Universidad Central de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Franco Mascayano
- Division of Behavioral Health Services and Policy Research, New York State Psychiatric Institute (NYSPI), New York, NY, United States
| | - Romina Pitronello
- Escuela de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales y Comunicaciones, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - María José Jorquera
- Departamento de Atención Primaria y Salud Familiar, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Ruben Vladimir Alvarado
- Escuela de Salud Pública, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Independent Researcher, Santiago, Chile
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86
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Llewellyn-Beardsley J, Barbic S, Rennick-Egglestone S, Ng F, Roe J, Hui A, Franklin D, Deakin E, Hare-Duke L, Slade M. INCRESE: Development of an Inventory to Characterize Recorded Mental Health Recovery Narratives. JOURNAL OF RECOVERY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2020; 3:25-44. [PMID: 34988284 PMCID: PMC7612151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mental health recovery narratives are increasingly used in clinical practice, public health campaigns, and as directly-accessed online resources. No instrument exists to describe characteristics of individual recovery narratives. The aims were to develop and evaluate an inventory to characterize recorded recovery narratives. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A preliminary version of the Inventory of Characteristics of Recovery Stories (INCRESE) was generated from an existing theory-base. Feasibility and acceptability were evaluated by two coders each rating 30 purposively-selected narratives. A refined version was produced and a formal evaluation conducted. Reliability was assessed by four coders each rating 95 purposively-selected narratives. Inter-coder reliability was assessed using Fleiss's kappa coefficients; test-retest reliability was assessed using intra-class correlation coefficients (ICCs). RESULTS Multiple refinements to description, coding categories, and language were made. Data completeness was high, and no floor or ceiling effects were found. Intercoder reliability ranged from moderate (k=0.58) to perfect (k=1.00) agreement. Test-retest reliability ranged from moderate (ICC=0.57) to complete (ICC=1.00) agreement. The final INCRESE comprises 77 items spanning five sections: Narrative Eligibility; Narrative Mode; Narrator Characteristics; Narrative Characteristics; Narrative Content. CONCLUSION INCRESE is the first evaluated tool to characterize mental health recovery narratives. It addresses current concerns around normative recovery narratives being used to promote compulsory wellness, e.g. by identifying narratives that reject diagnosis as an explanatory model and those with non-upward trajectories. INCRESE can be used to establish the diversity of a narrative collection and will be used in the NEON trials (ISRCTN11152837, ISRCTN63197153, ISRCTN76355273) to allow a recommender system to match narratives to participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joy Llewellyn-Beardsley
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Skye Barbic
- Department of Occupational Science and Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Stefan Rennick-Egglestone
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Ng
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - James Roe
- National Institute for Health Research, ARC East Midlands, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ada Hui
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Donna Franklin
- NEON Lived Experience Advisory Panel, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Emilia Deakin
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Laurie Hare-Duke
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Slade
- School of Health Sciences, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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87
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Ryan GK, Kamuhiirwa M, Mugisha J, Baillie D, Hall C, Newman C, Nkurunungi E, Rathod SD, Devries KM, De Silva MJ, Mpango R. Peer support for frequent users of inpatient mental health care in Uganda: protocol of a quasi-experimental study. BMC Psychiatry 2019; 19:374. [PMID: 31783827 PMCID: PMC6883561 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-019-2360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing readmissions among frequent users of psychiatric inpatient care could result in substantial cost savings to under-resourced mental health systems. Studies from high-income countries indicate that formal peer support can be an effective intervention for the reduction of readmissions among frequent users. Although in recent years formal peer support programmes have been established in mental health services in a few low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), they have not been rigorously evaluated. METHODS This protocol describes a quasi-experimental difference-in-differences study conducted as part of a broader evaluation of the Brain Gain II peer support programme based at Butabika National Referral Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. The primary objective is to investigate whether frequent users of psychiatric inpatient care who have access to a peer support worker (PSW+) experience a greater reduction in rehospitalisation rates and number of days spent in hospital compared to those who do not have access to a peer support worker (PSW-). Frequent users, defined as adults diagnosed with either a mental disorder or epilepsy who have had three or more inpatient stays at Butabika over the previous 24 months, are referred to Brain Gain II by hospital staff on five inpatient wards. Frequent users who normally reside in a district where peer support workers currently operate (Kampala, Jinja, Wakiso and Mukono) are eligible for formal peer support and enter the PSW+ group. Participants in the PSW+ group are expected to receive at least one inpatient visit by a trained peer support worker before hospital discharge and three to six additional visits after discharge. Frequent users from other districts enter the PSW- group and receive standard care. Participants' admissions data are extracted from hospital records at point of referral and six months following referral. DISCUSSION To the best of our knowledge, this will be the first quasi-experimental study of formal peer support in a LMIC and the first to assess change in readmissions, an outcome of particular relevance to policy-makers seeking cost-effective alternatives to institutionalised mental health care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace K. Ryan
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | | | - James Mugisha
- Butabika National Referral Hospital, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Dave Baillie
- East London National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Cerdic Hall
- Camden and Islington National Health Service Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Carter Newman
- Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA USA
| | | | - Sujit D. Rathod
- Department of Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HT, London, UK
| | - Karen M. Devries
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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