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Mikhailidi AM, Kotelnikova NE, Gensh KV, Kushnir EY, Bazarnova NG. Composition and properties of wood and cellulose of tropical plants. RUSSIAN JOURNAL OF BIOORGANIC CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1134/s1068162014070127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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52
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Cao W, Dang Z, Yuan BL, Shen CH, Kan J, Xue XL. Sorption kinetics of sulphate ions on quaternary ammonium-modified rice straw. J IND ENG CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jiec.2013.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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53
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Bu L, Tang Y, Xing Y, Zhang W, Shang X, Jiang J. Comparison of hydrophilic variation and bioethanol production of furfural residues after delignification pretreatment. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 78:1435-43. [PMID: 25130750 DOI: 10.1080/09168451.2014.921556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Furfural residue (FR) is a waste lignocellulosic material with enormous potential for bioethanol production. In this study, bioethanol production from FR after delignification was compared. Hydrophilic variation was measured by conductometric titration to detect the relationship between hydrophilicity and bioethanol production. It was found that ethanol yield increased as delignification enhanced, and it reached up to 75.6% of theoretical yield for samples with 8.7% lignin. The amount of by-products decreased as delignification increased. New inflection points appeared in conductometric titration curves of samples that were partially delignified, but they vanished in the curves of the highly delignified samples. Total charges and carboxyl levels increased after slight delignification, and they decreased upon further delignification. These phenomena suggested some new hydrophilic groups were formed during pretreated delignification, which would be beneficial to enzymatic hydrolysis. However, some newly formed groups may act as toxicant to the yeast during simultaneous saccharification and fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Bu
- a Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering , Beijing Forestry University , Beijing , China
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Garmakhany AD, Kashaninejad M, Aalami M, Maghsoudlou Y, Khomieri M, Tabil LG. Enhanced biomass delignification and enzymatic saccharification of canola straw by steam-explosion pretreatment. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2014; 94:1607-1613. [PMID: 24186725 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Revised: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 11/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuel (ethanol and biodiesel) has been extensively investigated. The three main chemical constituents of biomass are cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose are polysaccharides of primarily fermentable sugars, glucose and xylose respectively. Hemicellulose also includes small fermentable fractions of arabinose, galactose and mannose. The main issue in converting lignocellulosic biomass to fuel ethanol is the accessibility of the polysaccharides for enzymatic breakdown into monosaccharides. This study focused on the use of steam explosion as the pretreatment method for canola straw as lignocellulosic biomass. RESULTS Result showed that steam explosion treatment of biomass increased cellulose accessibility and it hydrolysis by enzyme hydrolysis. Following 72 h of enzyme hydrolysis, a maximum cellulose conversion to glucose yield of 29.40% was obtained for the steam-exploded sample while the control showed 11.60% glucose yields. Steam explosion pretreatment increased glucose production and glucose yield by 200% and 153.22%, respectively, compared to the control sample. The crystalline index increased from 57.48% in untreated canola straw to 64.72% in steam-exploded samples. CONCLUSION Steam explosion pretreatment of biomass increased cellulose accessibility, and enzymatic hydrolysis increased glucose production and glucose yield of canola straw.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Daraei Garmakhany
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
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55
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Sakdaronnarong C, Srimarut N, Lucknakhul N, Na-songkla N, Jonglertjunya W. Two-step acid and alkaline ethanolysis/alkaline peroxide fractionation of sugarcane bagasse and rice straw for production of polylactic acid precursor. Biochem Eng J 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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56
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Maheswari CU, Reddy KO, Muzenda E, Shukla M, Rajulu AV. Mechanical Properties and Chemical Resistance of Short Tamarind Fiber/Unsaturated Polyester Composites: Influence of Fiber Modification and Fiber Content. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF POLYMER ANALYSIS AND CHARACTERIZATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/1023666x.2013.816073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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57
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Lyons GA, McRoberts C, Sharma HS, McCormack R, Carmichael E, McCall RD. Rapid analysis of purified cellulose extracted from perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) by instrumental analysis. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 146:184-191. [PMID: 23933026 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.07.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/08/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Dried, milled perennial ryegrass samples were processed using chemical and physical treatments and the extracted cellulose products were analysed for yield, crystallinity by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and for purity using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry (Py-GC/MS) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. Extraction protocols examined the use of chemical chelation, acid and alkaline hydrolysis, along with physical degradation methods. Highest product yields were obtained using single step chemical protocols followed by physical processing, however, these products had low crystallinity and higher amorphous fraction content. Multistep chemical processing to completely remove hemicellulose and lignin with an alkali refluxing step, delivered lower yielding cellulose products of greater crystallinity and purity. In combination, the four instrumental techniques highlighted removal of amorphous fractions, providing rapid, accurate compositional data on the extracted cellulose products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary A Lyons
- Plant Health and Environmental Protection Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute for Northern Ireland, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK.
| | - Colin McRoberts
- Food Chemistry Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute for Northern Ireland, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
| | - H Shekhar Sharma
- Plant Health and Environmental Protection Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute for Northern Ireland, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
| | - Ruth McCormack
- Food Chemistry Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute for Northern Ireland, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
| | - Eugene Carmichael
- Plant Health and Environmental Protection Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute for Northern Ireland, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
| | - R David McCall
- Plant Health and Environmental Protection Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute for Northern Ireland, Newforge Lane, Belfast BT9 5PX, UK
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58
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Correia JADC, Júnior JEM, Gonçalves LRB, Rocha MVP. Alkaline hydrogen peroxide pretreatment of cashew apple bagasse for ethanol production: study of parameters. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2013; 139:249-56. [PMID: 23665519 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2013] [Revised: 03/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/23/2013] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) pretreatment of cashew apple bagasse (CAB) was evaluated based on the conversion of the resultant cellulose into glucose. The effects of the concentration of hydrogen peroxide at pH 11.5, the biomass loading and the pretreatment duration performed at 35°C and 250 rpm were evaluated after the subsequent enzymatic saccharification of the pretreated biomass using a commercial cellulase enzyme. The CAB used in this study contained 20.56 ± 2.19% cellulose, 10.17 ± 0.89% hemicellulose and 35.26 ± 0.90% lignin. The pretreatment resulted in a reduced lignin content in the residual solids. Increasing the H2O2 concentration (0-4.3% v/v) resulted in a higher rate of enzymatic hydrolysis. Lower biomass loadings gave higher glucose yields. In addition, no measurable furfural and hydroxymethyl furfural were produced in the liquid fraction during the pretreatment. The results show that alkaline hydrogen peroxide is effective for the pretreatment of CAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessyca Aline da Costa Correia
- Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Engenharia Química, Campus do Pici, Bloco 709, 60455-760 Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
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Characterization of cellulose regenerated from solutions of pine and eucalyptus woods in 1-allyl-3-methilimidazolium chloride. Carbohydr Polym 2013; 92:1946-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Slavov G, Allison G, Bosch M. Advances in the genetic dissection of plant cell walls: tools and resources available in Miscanthus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2013; 4:217. [PMID: 23847628 PMCID: PMC3701120 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2013] [Accepted: 06/05/2013] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Tropical C4 grasses from the genus Miscanthus are believed to have great potential as biomass crops. However, Miscanthus species are essentially undomesticated, and genetic, molecular and bioinformatics tools are in very early stages of development. Furthermore, similar to other crops targeted as lignocellulosic feedstocks, the efficient utilization of biomass is hampered by our limited knowledge of the structural organization of the plant cell wall and the underlying genetic components that control this organization. The Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS) has assembled an extensive collection of germplasm for several species of Miscanthus. In addition, an integrated, multidisciplinary research programme at IBERS aims to inform accelerated breeding for biomass productivity and composition, while also generating fundamental knowledge. Here we review recent advances with respect to the genetic characterization of the cell wall in Miscanthus. First, we present a summary of recent and on-going biochemical studies, including prospects and limitations for the development of powerful phenotyping approaches. Second, we review current knowledge about genetic variation for cell wall characteristics of Miscanthus and illustrate how phenotypic data, combined with high-density arrays of single-nucleotide polymorphisms, are being used in genome-wide association studies to generate testable hypotheses and guide biological discovery. Finally, we provide an overview of the current knowledge about the molecular biology of cell wall biosynthesis in Miscanthus and closely related grasses, discuss the key conceptual and technological bottlenecks, and outline the short-term prospects for progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gancho Slavov
- *Correspondence: Gancho Slavov, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Plas Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, Wales SY23 3EB, UK e-mail:
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61
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Cao W, Dang Z, Yia XY, Yang C, Lu GN, Liu YF, Huang SY, Zheng LC. Removal of chromium (VI) from electroplating wastewater using an anion exchanger derived from rice straw. ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY 2013; 34:7-14. [PMID: 23530310 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2012.679626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An anion exchanger from rice straw was used to remove Cr (VI) from synthetic wastewater and electroplating effluent. The exchanger was characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrum and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and it was found that the quaternary amino group and hydroxyl group are the main functional groups on the fibrous surface of the exchanger. The effect of contact time, initial concentration and pH on the removal of Cr (VI), and adsorption isotherms at different temperature, was investigated. The results showed that the removal of Cr (VI) was very rapid and was significantly affected by the initial pH of the solution. Although acidic conditions (pH = 2-6) facilitated Cr (VI) adsorption, the exchanger was effective in neutral solution and even under weak base conditions. The equilibrium data fitted well with Langmuir adsorption model, and the maximum Cr (VI) adsorption capacities at pH 6.4 were 0.35, 0.36 and 0.38 mmol/g for 15, 25 and 35 degrees C, respectively. The exchanger was finally tested with real electroplating wastewater, and at sorbent dosage of 10 g/L, the removal efficiencies for Cr (VI) and total Cr were 99.4% and 97.8%, respectively. In addition, the positive relationship between adsorbed Cr (VI) and desorbed Cl- suggested that Cr (VI) was mainly removed by ion exchange with chlorine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
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62
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Bu L, Xing Y, Yu H, Gao Y, Jiang J. Comparative study of sulfite pretreatments for robust enzymatic saccharification of corn cob residue. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS 2012; 5:87. [PMID: 23206858 PMCID: PMC3537520 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-5-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2012] [Accepted: 10/26/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corn cob residue (CCR) is a kind of waste lignocellulosic material with enormous potential for bioethanol production. The moderated sulphite processes were used to enhance the hydrophily of the material by sulfonation and hydrolysis. The composition, FT-IR spectra, and conductometric titrations of the pretreated materials were measured to characterize variations of the CCR in different sulfite pretreated environments. And the objective of this study is to compare the saccharification rate and yield of the samples caused by these variations. RESULTS It was found that the lignin in the CCR (43.2%) had reduced to 37.8%, 38.0%, 35.9%, and 35.5% after the sulfite pretreatment in neutral, acidic, alkaline, and ethanol environments, respectively. The sulfite pretreatments enhanced the glucose yield of the CCR. Moreover, the ethanol sulfite sample had the highest glucose yield (81.2%, based on the cellulose in the treated sample) among the saccharification samples, which was over 10% higher than that of the raw material (70.6%). More sulfonic groups and weak acid groups were produced during the sulfite pretreatments. Meanwhile, the ethanol sulfite treated sample had the highest sulfonic group (0.103 mmol/g) and weak acid groups (1.85 mmol/g) in all sulfite treated samples. In FT-IR spectra, the variation of bands at 1168 and 1190 cm-1 confirmed lignin sulfonation during sulfite pretreatment. The disappearance of the band at 1458 cm-1 implied the methoxyl on lignin had been removed during the sulfite pretreatments. CONCLUSIONS It can be concluded that the lignin in the CCR can be degraded and sulfonated during the sulfite pretreatments. The pretreatments improve the hydrophility of the samples because of the increase in sulfonic group and weak acid groups, which enhances the glucose yield of the material. The ethanol sulfite pretreatment is the best method for lignin removal and with the highest glucose yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingxi Bu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yang Xing
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hailong Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yuxia Gao
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jianxin Jiang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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63
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Preparation of cellulose derived from corn stalk and its application for cadmium ion adsorption from aqueous solution. Carbohydr Polym 2012; 90:1008-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2012.06.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 06/03/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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64
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Peng P, Cao X, Peng F, Bian J, Xu F, Sun R. Binding cellulose and chitosan via click chemistry: Synthesis, characterization, and formation of some hollow tubes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/pola.26371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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65
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Abstract
Reinforcement of polymer with plant whiskers is a way of improving mechanical properties. Cellulose nanowhiskers (CNW) were separated from commercially available wood pulpboard. Different microscopy techniques, thermal gravimetric analysis, X-ray diffraction were used to study the structure and properties of the microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and CNW. Because of the high specific surface area of CNW, the increases in total amorphous character of the cellulose decrease the relative degree of crystallinity. After chemical and physical treatment, the CNW in the length of several μm and diameters ranging from 20 - 50 nm was obtained. Both the initial decomposing temperature and temperature of maximum decomposing rate of CNW is higher than MCC, but lower than wood pulpboard.
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66
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Farrar K, Bryant DN, Turner L, Gallagher JA, Thomas A, Farrell M, Humphreys MO, Donnison IS. Breeding for Bio-ethanol Production in Lolium perenne L.: Association of Allelic Variation with High Water-Soluble Carbohydrate Content. BIOENERGY RESEARCH 2012; 5:149-157. [PMID: 26366245 PMCID: PMC4560082 DOI: 10.1007/s12155-011-9156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Increasing the extractable sugar yield from perennial crops is one strategy to generate renewable fuels such as bio-ethanol. Lolium perenne L. (perennial ryegrass) can contain significant (>30% dry matter) water-soluble sugars in the form of polymeric fructan which is readily extracted, broken down and fermented to bio-ethanol. A population of L. perenne generated from four parents which differed in water-soluble carbohydrate (WSC) content was subjected to multiple rounds of selection and recombination on the basis of early spring WSC content to produce a high WSC, and a low WSC population. A control population was generated by selecting the same number of plants at random. The alleles present at six candidate gene loci were analysed before and after selection and correlated to WSC content. Significant differences in the allele frequency of L. perenne soluble-acid invertase1:4 were observed between the three populations with one haplotype significantly associated with the high WSC C2S+ population (after three rounds of selection and two rounds of recombination). Moreover, WSC content was also associated with biomass accumulation. Thus, in addition to a 2.84-fold increase in WSC yield, the C2S+ population also had 1.48-fold more biomass per plant, resulting in 3.9-fold higher WSC yield per plant than the control population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerrie Farrar
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB UK
| | - David N. Bryant
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB UK
| | - Lesley Turner
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB UK
| | - Joe A. Gallagher
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB UK
| | - Ann Thomas
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB UK
| | - Markku Farrell
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB UK
| | - Mervyn O. Humphreys
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB UK
| | - Iain S. Donnison
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB UK
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67
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Sharma HSS, Carmichael E, Muhamad M, McCall D, Andrews F, Lyons G, McRoberts WC, Hornsby PR. Biorefining of perennial ryegrass for the production of nanofibrillated cellulose. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra20716h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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68
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Bryant DN, Morris SM, Leemans D, Fish SA, Taylor S, Carvell J, Todd RW, Logan D, Lee M, Garcia N, Ellis A, Gallagher JA. Modelling real-time simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass and organic acid accumulation using dielectric spectroscopy. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2011; 102:9675-82. [PMID: 21852118 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2011.07.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 07/15/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Dielectric spectroscopy (DS) is routinely used in yeast and mammalian fermentations to quantitatively monitor viable biomass through the inherent capacitance of live cells; however, the use of DS to monitor the enzymatic break down of lignocellulosic biomass has not been reported. The aim of the current study was to examine the application of DS in monitoring the enzymatic saccharification of high sugar perennial ryegrass (HS-PRG) fibre and to relate the data to changes in chemical composition. DS was capable of both monitoring the on-line decrease in PRG fibre capacitance (C=580 kHz) during enzymatic hydrolysis, together with the subsequent increase in conductivity (G=580 kHz) resulting from the production of organic acids during microbial growth. Analysis of the fibre fractions revealed >50% of HS-PRG lignocellulose had undergone enzymatic hydrolysis. These data demonstrated the utility of DS biomass probes for on-line monitoring of simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF).
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Affiliation(s)
- David N Bryant
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3EB, UK
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Sindhu R, Binod P, Janu KU, Sukumaran RK, Pandey A. Organosolvent pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis of rice straw for the production of bioethanol. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2011; 28:473-83. [PMID: 22806842 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-011-0838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigates the operational conditions for organosolvent pretreatment and hydrolysis of rice straw. Among the different organic acids and organic solvents tested, acetone was found to be most effective based on the fermentable sugar yield. Optimization of process parameters for acetone pretreatment were carried out. The structural changes before and after pretreatment were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analysis. The X-ray diffraction profile showed that the degree of crystallinity was higher for acetone pretreated biomass than that of the native. FTIR spectrum also exhibited significant difference between the native and pretreated samples. Under optimum pretreatment conditions 0.458 g of reducing sugar was produced per gram of pretreated biomass with a fermentation efficiency of 39%. Optimization of process parameters for hydrolysis such as biomass loading, enzyme loading, surfactant concentration and incubation time was done using Box-Benhken design. The results indicate that acetone pretreated rice straw can be used as a good feed stock for bioethanol production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raveendran Sindhu
- Centre for Biofuels, National Institute for Interdisciplinary Science and Technology, CSIR, Trivandrum, 695 019, India
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70
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Cao W, Dang Z, Zhou XQ, Yi XY, Wu PX, Zhu NW, Lu GN. Removal of sulphate from aqueous solution using modified rice straw: Preparation, characterization and adsorption performance. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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71
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Pang J, Zheng M, Wang A, Zhang T. Catalytic Hydrogenation of Corn Stalk to Ethylene Glycol and 1,2-Propylene Glycol. Ind Eng Chem Res 2011. [DOI: 10.1021/ie102505y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jifeng Pang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 110, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Mingyuan Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 110, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Aiqin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 110, Dalian 116023, China
| | - Tao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physis, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 110, Dalian 116023, China
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Wang K, Xu F, Sun RC, Jones GL. Influence of Incubation Time on the Physicochemical Properties of the Isolated Hemicelluloses from Steam-Exploded Lespedeza Stalks. Ind Eng Chem Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1021/ie101180p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China, and The BioComposites Centre, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, U.K
| | - Feng Xu
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China, and The BioComposites Centre, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, U.K
| | - Run-Cang Sun
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China, and The BioComposites Centre, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, U.K
| | - Gwynn L. Jones
- Institute of Biomass Chemistry and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China, State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China, and The BioComposites Centre, University of Wales, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, U.K
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Zheng L, Dang Z, Zhu C, Yi X, Zhang H, Liu C. Removal of cadmium(II) from aqueous solution by corn stalk graft copolymers. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2010; 101:5820-5826. [PMID: 20335027 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2010] [Revised: 02/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Corn stalk was modified using graft copolymerization to produce absorbent (AGCS), which was characterized by elemental analysis, fourier transform infrared, X-ray diffraction, solid-state CP/MAS (13)C NMR spectra, thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimeter. AGCS, having cyano group (-CN) after grafted successfully, exhibits more high adsorption potential for Cd(II) than unmodified forms. The efficiency of AGCS for removal of cadmium ions was evaluated. Factors affecting Cd(II) adsorption such as pH value and adsorbent dosage were investigated. More than 90% removal was achieved at pH 3.0-7.0 and the adsorption increased from 16.0% to 99.2% with increase of adsorbent dose. In addition, two isotherm models, namely, Langmuir and Freunlich were also analyzed to determine the best fit equation for adsorption of Cd(II) on AGCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuchun Zheng
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, PR China
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74
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Abstract
Cellulose was extracted from the roots, stems and stem tips of Salicornia brachiata Roxb. Each crude cellulose sample obtained was fractionated into α- and β-celluloses. The yields of crude cellulose from the stems and stem tips were greatest and lowest, respectively, while the yields of α- and β-celluloses were in the order, roots > stems > stem tips. The cellulose samples were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), solid state cross polarisation magic angle spinning carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (CP/MAS 13C NMR), X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD), thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The data were compared with those of the celluloses (predominantly α-cellulose) isolated from Whatman filter paper No. 4 (WFP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh D Sanandiya
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Discipline, Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), G B Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Kamalesh Prasad
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Discipline, Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), G B Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Ramavatar Meena
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Discipline, Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), G B Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
| | - Arup K Siddhanta
- Marine Biotechnology and Ecology Discipline, Central Salt & Marine Chemicals Research Institute, Council of Scientific & Industrial Research (CSIR), G B Marg, Bhavnagar-364002, Gujarat, India
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75
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Zhou W, Zhu D, Langdon A, Li L, Liao S, Tan L. The structure characterization of cellulose xanthogenate derived from the straw of Eichhornia crassipes. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2009; 100:5366-5369. [PMID: 19540749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2009.05.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2009] [Revised: 05/26/2009] [Accepted: 05/26/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Alkali-treated straw and cellulose xanthogenate were derived from shoot and root biomass of Eichhornia crassipes by treatment with NaOH and CS(2), respectively. The structures of the raw and modified plant materials were characterized by XRD, TGA/DTA, and FTIR. Alkali treatment increased the crystallinity of raw plant material, while the subsequent CS(2) treatment had the reverse effect. The thermal stability of the plant material was diminished by alkali treatment but was restored by subsequent CS(2) treatment. Alkali treatment removed most of the lignin and hemicellulose from the raw plant material, whereas the formation of cellulose xanthogenate introduced new C=S and O-CS-S functional groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbing Zhou
- Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Ecological Environment Research, Microelement Research Center of Huazhong Agricultural University, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430070, China
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76
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Wang K, Jiang J, Xu F, Sun R. Influence of steaming pressure on steam explosion pretreatment of Lespedeza stalks (Lespedeza crytobotrya): Part 1. Characteristics of degraded cellulose. Polym Degrad Stab 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2009.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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77
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SHEN GUANGLIN, TAO HONG, ZHAO MOUMING, YANG BAO, WEN DONGQI, YUAN QINGZHAO, RAO GUOHUA. EFFECT OF HYDROGEN PEROXIDE PRETREATMENT ON THE ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS OF CELLULOSE. J FOOD PROCESS ENG 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-4530.2009.00518.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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78
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Sun Y, Zhuang J, Lin L, Ouyang P. Clean conversion of cellulose into fermentable glucose. Biotechnol Adv 2009; 27:625-32. [PMID: 19409478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
We studied the process of conversion of microcrystalline-cellulose into fermentable glucose in the formic acid reaction system using cross polarization/magic angle spinning (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that formic acid as an active agent was able to effectively penetrate into the interior space of the cellulose molecules, thus collapsing the rigid crystalline structure and allowing hydrolysis to occur easily in the amorphous zone as well as in the crystalline zone. The microcrystalline-cellulose was hydrolyzed using formic acid and 4% hydrochloric acid under mild conditions. The effects of hydrochloric acid concentration, the ratio of solid to liquid, temperature (55-75 degrees C) and retention time (0-9 h), and the concentration of glucose were analyzed. The hydrolysis velocities of microcrystalline-cellulose were 6.14 x 10(-3) h(-1) at 55 degrees C, 2.94 x 10(-2) h(-1) at 65 degrees C, and 6.84x10(-2) h(-1) at 75 degrees C. The degradation velocities of glucose were 0.01 h(-1) at 55 degrees C, 0.14 h(-1) at 65 degrees C, 0.34 h(-1) at 75 degrees C. The activation energy of microcrystalline-cellulose hydrolysis was 105.61 kJ/mol, and the activation energy of glucose degradation was 131.37 kJ/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Pulp and Paper Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510640, Guangdong Province, China
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79
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Cellulose microfibrils from banana rachis: Effect of alkaline treatments on structural and morphological features. Carbohydr Polym 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2008.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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80
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Ábrego J, Arauzo J, Sánchez JL, Gonzalo A, Cordero T, Rodríguez-Mirasol J. Structural Changes of Sewage Sludge Char during Fixed-Bed Pyrolysis. Ind Eng Chem Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/ie801366t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Javier Ábrego
- Thermo-chemical Processes Group, Aragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza (Spain), and Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Málaga, Campus de El Ejido s/n, 29013 Málaga (Spain)
| | - Jesús Arauzo
- Thermo-chemical Processes Group, Aragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza (Spain), and Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Málaga, Campus de El Ejido s/n, 29013 Málaga (Spain)
| | - José Luis Sánchez
- Thermo-chemical Processes Group, Aragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza (Spain), and Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Málaga, Campus de El Ejido s/n, 29013 Málaga (Spain)
| | - Alberto Gonzalo
- Thermo-chemical Processes Group, Aragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza (Spain), and Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Málaga, Campus de El Ejido s/n, 29013 Málaga (Spain)
| | - Tomàs Cordero
- Thermo-chemical Processes Group, Aragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza (Spain), and Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Málaga, Campus de El Ejido s/n, 29013 Málaga (Spain)
| | - José Rodríguez-Mirasol
- Thermo-chemical Processes Group, Aragón Institute for Engineering Research (I3A), María de Luna 3, 50018 Zaragoza (Spain), and Chemical Engineering Department, School of Industrial Engineering, University of Málaga, Campus de El Ejido s/n, 29013 Málaga (Spain)
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81
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Bertocchi F, Paci M. Applications of high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy in food science. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2008; 56:9317-9327. [PMID: 18821771 DOI: 10.1021/jf8019776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The principal applications of high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy, in the field of food science, are reviewed, after a short general introduction, mainly focusing on the potential of these investigations, which are, today, routine tools for resolving technological problems. Selected examples of the applications in the field of food science of high-resolution solid-state NMR spectroscopy both in (13)C and in (1)H NMR particularly illustrative of the results obtainable are reported in some detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Bertocchi
- Department of Chemical Science and Technology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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82
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Wang X, Fang G, Hu C, Du T. Application of ultrasonic waves in activation of microcrystalline cellulose. J Appl Polym Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/app.27975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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83
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Kallioinen M, Mänttäri M, Nyström M, Nuortila‐Jokinen J. Effect of High Filtration Temperature on Regenerated Cellulose Ultrafiltration Membranes. SEP SCI TECHNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/01496390701558318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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