Inhibitory effects of chickpea and Tribulus terrestris on lipase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase

Evaluation of ACE, α-glucosidase, and lipase inhibitory activities of peptides obtained by in vitro digestion of selected species of edible insects

The objective of this study was to examine the inhibition of the activity of enzymes associated with development of the metabolic syndrome by peptide fractions received from simulated gastrointestinal digestion and absorption of heat-treated edible insects. The inhibitory activities of insect-derived peptides were determined against key enzymes relevant to the metabolic syndrome such as the angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE), pancreatic lipase, and α-glucosidase. After the in vitro absorption process, all hydrolysates showed high inhibitory activity; however, the most effective metabolic syndrome-inhibitory peptides were received after separation on Sephadex G10. The best results were found for peptide fractions obtained from Schistocerca gregaria. The highest enzymes inhibitory activities were obtained for peptide fractions from S. gregaria: boiled for ACE (IC50 3.95 µg mL−1), baked for lipase (IC50 9.84 µg mL−1), and raw for α-glucosiadase (IC50 1.89 µg mL−1) S. gregaria, respectively. Twelve sequences of peptides from the edible insects were identified and their chemical synthesis was carried out as well. Among the synthesized peptides, the KVEGDLK, YETGNGIK, AIGVGAIR, IIAPPER, and FDPFPK sequences of peptides exhibited the highest inhibitory activity. Generally, the heat treatment process applied to edible insects has a positive effect on the properties of the peptide fractions studied.

Plant food anti-nutritional factors and their reduction strategies: an overview

Abstract

Legumes and cereals contain high amounts of macronutrients and micronutrients but also anti-nutritional factors. Major anti-nutritional factors, which are found in edible crops include saponins, tannins, phytic acid, gossypol, lectins, protease inhibitors, amylase inhibitor, and goitrogens. Anti-nutritional factors combine with nutrients and act as the major concern because of reduced nutrient bioavailability. Various other factors like trypsin inhibitors and phytates, which are present mainly in legumes and cereals, reduce the digestibility of proteins and mineral absorption. Anti-nutrients are one of the key factors, which reduce the bioavailability of various components of the cereals and legumes. These factors can cause micronutrient malnutrition and mineral deficiencies. There are various traditional methods and technologies, which can be used to reduce the levels of these anti-nutrient factors. Several processing techniques and methods such as fermentation, germination, debranning, autoclaving, soaking etc. are used to reduce the anti-nutrient contents in foods. By using various methods alone or in combinations, it is possible to reduce the level of anti-nutrients in foods. This review is focused on different types of anti-nutrients, and possible processing methods that can be used to reduce the level of these factors in food products.

Graphical abstract

A brief overview of beneficial effects of anti-nutrients and reduction strategy.

The ameliorative effect of the Pyracantha fortuneana (Maxim.) H. L. Li extract on intestinal barrier dysfunction through modulating glycolipid digestion and gut microbiota in high fat diet-fed rats

Pyracantha fortuneana fruits are consumed as a dietary supplement in China and attenuate obesity and metabolic disorders. Obesity is known to be associated with intestinal barrier dysfunction driven by hyperglycemia and gut dysbiosis. However, whether the health benefits of P. fortuneana fruits are linked with the intestinal barrier function (IBF) remains unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the restorative effects of P. fortuneana fruit extract (PFE) on the IBF. Sprague Dawley rats were fed with a chow, a high-fat diet (HFD), or a PFE-supplemented diet for 8 weeks. Results showed that PFE intervention ameliorated HFD-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by attenuating impaired structural integrity, reducing the elevated lactulose/mannitol ratio, and improving the mRNA and protein expression levels of tight junction proteins in HFD-fed rats. The ameliorations were associated with a beneficial effect on glycolipid homeostasis, as evidenced from the PFE decreasing intestinal absorptive capacity based on the d-xylose excretory rate, lowering the expression of GLUT2 and inhibiting digestive enzyme activities. The proanthocyanidins in the PFE showed greater in vitro inhibition on α-amylase, α-glucosidase, and lipase compared with triterpenoid saponins. Furthermore, the ameliorations on the IBF were also associated with effects on the microbial composition based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Several bacterial groups, which were linked with gut barrier integrity, were modulated after PFE administration, that is, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidaceae, Corynebacteriaceae, Lactobacillaceae, and S24-7 were elevated and the HFD-induced increase in Clostridia, Ruminococcaceae, Oscillospira, and Flexispira was restored. These data provide evidence for the ameliorative effect of the PFE on diet-induced intestinal barrier functional alternations in association with its capacity to modulate glycolipid digestion and gut microbiota in HFD-fed obese rats.

Comparative analysis of isoflavone aglycones using microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis from soybean organs at different growth times and screening for their digestive enzyme inhibition and antioxidant properties

The objectives of this research were to demonstrate the changes in isoflavone-aglycones, total phenolics, and biological properties (digestive enzyme inhibition; antioxidant) from six organs including leaves, leafstalks, roots, stems, seeds, and pods at different growth times of soybean plant. Three isoflavone-aglycones in microwave-assisted acid hydrolysis extracts were elucidated using UHPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS and their contents exhibited remarkable differences in leaves (245.93-2239.33 μg/g), roots (854.96-4425.34 μg/g), and seeds (ND-2339.62 μg/g). Specifically, the collected samples on 15-Oct (leaves: 2239.33; seeds: 2339.62 μg/g) and 31-Aug (roots: 4425.34 μg/g) showed the highest isoflavone-aglycones, and daidzein was observed the most abundant component, comprising approximately 70%. Moreover, the inhibitions against α-glucosidase and α-amylase displayed the predominant effects in roots (89;91%) and leaves (81;85%) of samples on 31-Aug and 15-Oct at 300 μg/ml. The antioxidant activities on ABTS, DPPH, and hydroxyl radicals increased considerably with the increases of growth times in leaves and seeds, especially, ABTS showed the highest scavenging abilities: leaves (15-Oct;83%) > roots (31-Aug;75%) > seeds (15-Oct;68%). Therefore, our results suggest that soybean leaves, roots and seeds may be considered as excellent natural sources for nutraceuticals.

Bioactive proteins and phytochemicals from legumes: Mechanisms of action preventing obesity and type-2 diabetes

The Fabaceae family of plants include a variety of seeds with multiple shapes, sizes, and colors; with a great diversity of bioactive compounds found in legume seeds. Legumes are an excellent source of protein, peptides and phytochemicals which are present in significant amounts. These bioactive compounds have been reported to reduce the risk of developing non-communicable diseases (NCD), such as obesity and type-2 diabetes. In this narrative review, we discuss the biological potential of bioactive compounds found in legumes and the health benefits associated with their consumption as an alternative approach in the management of NCD. Current extraction methods, characteristics of the bioactive compounds, and different in vitro and in vivo studies evaluating the bioactivity of legume bioactives are reviewed and discussed.

Extraction technology, component analysis, antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids fraction from Tribulus terrestris L. leaves

Research on the extraction technology, component analysis, and antioxidant, antibacterial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids fraction from Tribulus terrestris L. leaves was carried out. The extraction process was optimized by response surface method, and the maximum yield 0.27% for flavonoids fraction was achieved with concentration of ethanol solution 25.87%, ratio of solvent to material 30:1 ml/g, and ultrasonic extraction time 27.93 min. Moreover, 14 compositions were identified separately from flavonoids fraction by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS². In addition, flavonoids fraction exhibited a better antioxidant activity demonstrated by assays of ABTS, DPPH radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power activity. Furthermore, the antibacterial, analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of flavonoids fraction were also proved to be stronger. Therefore, the present findings suggest that flavonoids fraction from Tribulus terrestris L. leaves can be a very interesting candidate for the research and development of natural and healthy herbal medicine for the pharmaceutical and food industries.

Chemical Constituents, Biological Properties, and Uses of Tribulus terrestris: A Review

Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) (puncturevine) is a common weed that grows in many countries worldwide and in some places is considered as a noxious weed. The plant has been used in traditional Chinese and Indian medicines and is now considered as one of the most popular aphrodisiacs. It is known for its healing properties for sexual difficulties, impotence, and human and animal hormonal imbalance. It is also used as a sexual booster. Because of the plant’s active substances that can be used for curing sexual and other disorders, interest in it is increasing, and it is currently one of the most studied medicinal plants. The products and preparations manufactured from the aboveground plant parts are especially popular among athletes and people with health issues and diseases such as hormonal imbalance, sexual problems, heart problems, and various kidney and skin diseases. The aim of this review is a comprehensive and critical assessment of the scientific publications involving TT, with special reference to its chemical constituents and biological properties that may facilitate current understanding and future studies of this fascinating plant species. The objectives of this review were (1) to find knowledge gaps, (2) to discuss critically relevant publications and issues with materials and methods that may be prerequisites for contradictory results, and (3) to identify research and development areas. It was found that some of the studies on TT extracts as aphrodisiacs are controversial. A significant number of research publications claim that TT extracts and nutritional supplements containing TT improve muscle tone, have a common biostimulating effect, and improve spermogenesis. However, there are a growing number of publications that dispute these claims, as there are no empirical data on commonly accepted mechanisms of action. The main biologically active substances in TT are steroidal saponins, flavonoids, alkaloids, and lignan amides, the most studied being the steroidal saponins. Multiyear data on the metabolic profile of the species are generally lacking. There are a variety of methods used for extracting plant material, differences in methodologies and saponin analyses, and scientific instruments that were used. Lack of common standards could be a reason for differences in the pharmacological activity and composition of the TT preparations. Development of standard procedures and methods for collection of plant material and analyses are recommended. Selection and breeding efforts and agronomic studies of promising clones of TT would need to be conducted in order to develop TT as a new crop. This will provide consistency of supply and quality of the feedstock for the pharmaceutical industry and could provide a new cash crop for growers.

Contribution of momilactones A and B to diabetes inhibitory potential of rice bran: Evidence from in vitro assays

This study was the first to detect the presence of the two compounds momilactone A (MA) and momilactone B (MB) in rice bran using liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS). By in vitro assays, both MA and MB exhibited potent inhibitory activities on pancreatic α-amylase and α-glucosidase which were significantly higher than γ-oryzanol, a well-known diabetes inhibitor. Remarkably, MA and MB indicated an effective inhibition on trypsin with the IC50 values of 921.55 and 884.03 µg/mL, respectively. By high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), quantities of MA (6.65 µg/g dry weight) and MB (6.24 µg/g dry weight) in rice bran were determined. Findings of this study revealed the α-amylase, α-glucosidase and trypsin inhibitors MA and MB contributed an active role to the diabetes inhibitory potential of rice bran.

Is Chickpea a Potential Substitute for Soybean? Phenolic Bioactives and Potential Health Benefits

Legume seeds are rich sources of protein, fiber, and minerals. In addition, their phenolic compounds as secondary metabolites render health benefits beyond basic nutrition. Lowering apolipoprotein B secretion from HepG2 cells and decreasing the level of low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol oxidation are mechanisms related to the prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Likewise, low-level chronic inflammation and related disorders of the immune system are clinical predictors of cardiovascular pathology. Furthermore, DNA-damage signaling and repair are crucial pathways to the etiology of human cancers. Along CVD and cancer, the prevalence of obesity and diabetes is constantly increasing. Screening the ability of polyphenols in inactivating digestive enzymes is a good option in pre-clinical studies. In addition, in vivo studies support the role of polyphenols in the prevention and/or management of diabetes and obesity. Soybean, a well-recognized source of phenolic isoflavones, exerts health benefits by decreasing oxidative stress and inflammation related to the above-mentioned chronic ailments. Similar to soybeans, chickpeas are good sources of nutrients and phenolic compounds, especially isoflavones. This review summarizes the potential of chickpea as a substitute for soybean in terms of health beneficial outcomes. Therefore, this contribution may guide the industry in manufacturing functional foods and/or ingredients by using an undervalued feedstock.

Dietary polyphenols modulate starch digestion and glycaemic level: a review

Polyphenols, as one group of secondary metabolite, are widely distributed in plants and have been reported to show various bioactivities in recent year. Starch digestion not only is related with food industrial applications such as brewing but also plays an important role in postprandial blood glucose level, and therefore insulin resistance. Many studies have shown that dietary phenolic extracts and pure polyphenols can retard starch digestion in vitro, and the retarding effect depends on the phenolic composition and molecular structure. Besides, dietary polyphenols have also been reported to alleviate elevation of blood glucose level after meal, indicating the inhibition of starch digestion in vivo. This review aims to analyze how dietary polyphenols affect starch digestion both in vitro and in vivo. We can conclude that the retarded starch digestion in vitro by polyphenols results from inhibition of key digestive enzymes, including α-amylase and α-glucosidase, as well as from interactions between polyphenols and starch. The alleviation of postprandial hyperglycemia by polyphenols might be caused by both the inhibited starch digestion in vivo and the influenced glucose transport. Therefore, phenolic extracts or pure polyphenols may be alternatives for preventing and treating type II diabetes disease.

Phenolic compounds and bioactivity evaluation of aqueous and methanol extracts of Allium mongolicum Regel

Allium mongolicum Regel (AM), widely distributed in western China, is a traditional Mongolian medicine herb. Two different solvents as water and methanol were used to extract AM, and their antioxidant capacity and inhibitory effects against key enzymes related to metabolic syndrome were assessed. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated through the assay of radical scavenging ability on DPPH and ABTS and reducing power assays. In addition, the total phenolic content and total flavonoids content were quantificated and analyzed. Aqueous extract, having higher phenolic content (10.20 mg GAE/g DW) and flavonoid content (4.02 mg QE/g DW), showed better antioxidant and inhibitory effects against lipase and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE); as for α-glucosidase, the extract made by methanol showed better ability. In general, the aqueous extract of A. mongolicum Regel has the potential to be used as a functional food or nutraceutical in prevention and treatment of obesity and hypertension due to the high antioxidant and sound inhibitory potential against vital enzymes relevant to obesity and hypertension.

Momilactones A and B Are α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitors

Momilactones A (MA) and B (MB) are the active phytoalexins and allelochemicals in rice. In this study, MA and MB were purified from rice husk of Oryza sativa cv. Koshihikari by column chromatography, and purification was confirmed by high-performance liquid chromatography, thin-layer chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS), and ¹H and ¹³C nuclear magnetic resonance analyses. By in vitro assays, both MA and MB exerted potent inhibition on α-amylase and α-glucosidase activities. The inhibitory effect of MB on these two key enzymes was greater than that of MA. Both MA and MB exerted greater α-glucosidase suppression as compared to that of the commercial diabetic inhibitor acarbose. Quantities of MA and MB in rice grain were 2.07 ± 0.01 and 1.06 ± 0.01 µg/dry weight (DW), respectively. This study was the first to confirm the presence of MA and MB in refined rice grain and reported the α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of the two compounds. The improved protocol of LC-ESI-MS in this research was simple and effective to detect and isolate MA and MB in rice organs.

Gross saponin of Tribulus terrestris improves erectile dysfunction in type 2 diabetic rats by repairing the endothelial function of the penile corpus cavernosum

OBJECTIVE

To investigate the effect of gross saponins of Tribulus terrestris (GSTT) on erectile function in rats resulting from type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DMED).

METHODS

The T2DMED model was constructed by high-fat and high-sugar feeding and streptozotocin injection. After 4 weeks of GSTT intervention. Intracavernous pressure (ICP) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) were measured in each group. The level of nitric oxide (NO) in the cavernous tissue was detected using the nitrate reductase method. The production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected using DHE fluorescent probe detection. Cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cGMP) level was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) was detected using immunohistochemistry. Masson staining was used to detect the cavernosal smooth muscle/collagen ratio. Apoptosis in endothelial cells was measured using TUNEL. Western blotting method to detect the protein expression level of eNOS, TIMP-1, cleaved caspase 3, and cleaved caspase 9.

RESULTS

After treatment, the ICP and ICP/MAP values of the GSTT were significantly higher than those of the T2DMED group (P<0.05). Unlike the T2DMED group, the GSTT group showed significantly increased NO levels (P<0.05) and decreased ROS levels (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the GSTT group and the sildenafil group in increasing cGMP levels (P>0.05), and the mixed group had higher levels than these two groups (P<0.05). Immunohistochemistry and Western blotting showed that the expression of eNOS in the GSTT was significantly higher than that in the T2DMED groups (P<0.05). Masson staining showed that the smooth muscle/collagen ratio of the GSTT group was significantly higher than that of the T2DMED groups (P<0.05), the expression of TIMP-1 was lower than that of T2DMED group (P<0.05). TUNEL assay showed that the apoptotic index and cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved caspase 9 expression level of GSTT group were lower than that of the T2DMED group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSION

GSTT can protect T2DMED rats' erectile function by improving penile endothelial function and inhibiting cavernosum fibrosis, inhibiting apoptosis, and is synergistic with sildenafil.

Acyl atractyligenin and carboxyatractyligenin glycosides from Antennaria rosea subsp. confinis

Eight previously undescribed acyl atractyligenin and carboxyatractyligenin glycosides were isolated from whole Antennaria rosea subsp. confinis (Greene) R. J. Bayer (Compositae) [syn. Leontopodium leontopodioides (Willd.) Beauv. (Asteraceae)] plants and their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. The compounds were trivially named leontopodiosides F-M. Seven of the compounds showed potent in vitro inhibitory activity toward pancreatic lipase with IC₅₀ values ranging from 3.4 to 52.5 μM, suggesting that they participate in the previously observed effect this plant has in reducing triglyceride absorption in rats.

Cellular antioxidant activity and in vitro inhibition of α-glucosidase, α-amylase and pancreatic lipase of oregano polyphenols under simulated gastrointestinal digestion

Different oregano species have been traditionally used as infusions in folk medicine. Oregano medicinal properties, such as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, have been partially attributed to its polyphenolic content. However, information regarding bioaccessibility of oregano polyphenols is limited. Cell-based antioxidant activity, and in vitro hypoglycemic, and hypolipidemic properties of polyphenolic extracts from three species of oregano species, namely, Hedeoma patens (HP), Lippia graveolens (LG) and Lippia palmeri (LP), subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion were evaluated. LC-TOF-MS analysis of HP, LG and LP allowed the identification of 9 flavonoids and 6 hydroxycinnamic acid derivatives with nutraceutical significance. Oregano polyphenolic extracts and digests from HP, LG, and LP exhibited cellular antioxidant capacity, hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic properties. Altogether, our results suggest that HP, LG and LP polyphenols exhibit potential for use as hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, and antioxidant agents.

Inhibitory effect of quinoa and fenugreek extracts on pancreatic lipase and α-amylase under in vitro traditional conditions or intestinal simulated conditions

Ethanol extracts (EE) from fenugreek and quinoa seeds with different total content of inhibitory compounds (TIC, total saponin plus phenolic) were prepared with and without concentration of TIC (CEE -concentrated EE-, and EE, respectively). Their inhibitory activity on pancreatic lipase and α-amylase was assessed by traditional in vitro methods (with or without orbital shaking), and by simulating intestinal digestion. CEE contained higher contents of TIC than EE, being fenugreek superior to quinoa (p < 0.001). The extracts inhibited enzymes in a dose-dependent manner, CEE extracts being stronger (fenugreek for lipase -p = 0.009-, and quinoa for α-amylase -p < 0.001-). Shaking did not impact the activity. Intestinal conditions worsened the inhibition of lipase, but slightly catalyzed the α-amylase. Longer times of reaction worsened activities. The importance of assessing the inhibitory activity of extracts under simulated intestinal conditions is concluded, being fenugreek more interesting than quinoa, especially against pancreatic lipase.

Effect of in vitro digestion on the functional properties of Psidium cattleianum Sabine (araçá), Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick (butiá) and Eugenia uniflora L. (pitanga) fruit extracts

This study evaluated the effect of in vitro digestion on the functional properties of three Brazilian native fruit extracts.

Changes in polyphenol composition and bioactivity of the native Chilean white strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis spp. chiloensis f. chiloensis) after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion

The Chilean white strawberry (Fragaria chiloensis spp. chiloensis f. chiloensis) is a semi-domesticated strawberry with high polyphenol content and antioxidant activity occurring in southern Chile. The aim of this work was to compare the composition and bioactivity of the polyphenol-enriched fruit extract (PEE) before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion (GID). Results show a decrease by >50% in the total phenolic (TP) content at the end of the GID, compared to the non-digested PEE. A reduction in the antioxidant capacity of the PEEs was observed after GID by means of DPPH, FRAP, TEAC and anion superoxide assays. After simulated GID the PEE significantly inhibited α-glucosidase with an IC₅₀ value of 3.13μg/mL. The inhibition of pancreatic lipase was reduced by 95% after GID. All the PEEs did not show inhibitory effect towards α-amylase throughout the GID. In the same way, the PEEs did not significantly protect human gastric adenocarcinoma (AGS) cells against H₂O₂-induced stress. Thirty eight compounds were tentatively identified in the non-digested PEE. The compounds that were more affected by the simulated GID were simple phenolics. After the GID, only 33 and 25 compounds were detected, in the gastric and intestinal steps, respectively. These results evidence the changes elicited by GID on the bioactivity and polyphenolic composition of the white strawberry.

A review of traditional pharmacological uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacological activities of Tribulus terrestris

Tribulus terrestris L. (TT) is an annual plant of the family Zygophyllaceae that has been used for generations to energize, vitalize, and improve sexual function and physical performance in men. The fruits and roots of TT have been used as a folk medicine for thousands of years in China, India, Sudan, and Pakistan. Numerous bioactive phytochemicals, such as saponins and flavonoids, have been isolated and identified from TT that are responsible alone or in combination for various pharmacological activities. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the traditional applications, phytochemistry, pharmacology and overuse of TT and provides evidence for better medicinal usage of TT.

Qualitative and quantitative changes in polyphenol composition and bioactivity of Ribes magellanicum and R. punctatum after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion

The wild Chilean currants Ribes magellanicum and R. punctatum are a good source of polyphenolic compounds. The effect of simulated gastrointestinal digestion (GID) on phenolic content, composition and antioxidant capacity was determined. The inhibitory activity of the non-digested and digested samples towards metabolic syndrome-associated enzymes (α-amylase, α-glucosidase and lipase) was evaluated. The total phenolic (TP) and flavonoid contents (TF) decreased by about 50% at the end of the in vitro GID. Main anthocyanins and hydroxycinnamic acids were strongly affected by this process, with a loss of about 80%. A decrease in the antioxidant activity was observed throughout the digestion steps, which was correlated with the reduction in the TP and TF content. After the in vitro GID of the samples, only the inhibition of α-glucosidase was preserved. Our results show that the simulated GID modified the health-promoting properties of the studied currants.

Antidiabetic and anticancer activities of Mangifera indica cv. Okrong leaves

Diabetes and cancer are a major global public health problem. Plant-derived agents with undesirable side-effects were required. This study aimed to evaluate antidiabetic and anticancer activities of the ethanolic leaf extract of Mangifera indica cv. Okrong and its active phytochemical compound, mangiferin. Antidiabetic activities against yeast α-glucosidase and rat intestinal α-glucosidase were determined using 1 mM of p-nitro phenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside as substrate. Inhibitory activity against porcine pancreatic α-amylase was performed using 1 mM of 2-chloro-4 nitrophenol-α-D-maltotroside-3 as substrate. Nitrophenol product was spectrophotometrically measured at 405 nm. Anticancer activity was evaluated against five human cancer cell lines compared to two human normal cell lines using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Mango leaf extract and mangiferin exhibited dose-dependent inhibition against yeast α-glucosidase with the IC₅₀ of 0.0503 and 0.5813 mg/ml, respectively, against rat α-glucosidase with the IC₅₀ of 1.4528 and 0.4333 mg/ml, respectively, compared to acarbose with the IC₅₀ of 11.9285 and 0.4493 mg/ml, respectively. For anticancer activity, mango leaf extract, at ≥200 μg/ml showed cytotoxic potential against all tested cancer cell lines. In conclusion, mango leaf possessed antidiabetic and anticancer potential in vitro.