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Kingsolver JG, Diamond SE, Siepielski AM, Carlson SM. Errors in meta-analyses of selection. J Evol Biol 2016; 29:1905-1906. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. G. Kingsolver
- Department of Biology; University of North Carolina; Chapel Hill NC USA
| | - S. E. Diamond
- Department of Biology; Case Western Reserve University; Cleveland OH USA
| | - A. M. Siepielski
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Arkansas; Fayetteville AR USA
| | - S. M. Carlson
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management; University of California; Berkeley CA USA
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52
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Schenk-Jäger KM, Egli S, Hanimann D, Senn-Irlet B, Kupferschmidt H, Büntgen U. Introducing Mushroom Fruiting Patterns from the Swiss National Poisons Information Centre. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162314. [PMID: 27648562 PMCID: PMC5029870 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in the ecology of macrofungi are poorly understood, not only because much of their life cycle is hidden belowground, but also because experiments often miss real-world complexity and most fruitbody inventories are limited in space and time. The National Poisons Information Centre ‘Tox Info Suisse’ provides countrywide 24hours/7days medical advice in case of poisonings since 1966. Here, we introduce a total of 12,126 mushroom-related phone calls that were received by Tox Info Suisse between 1966 and 2014. This indirect source of mycological information is dominated by the families of Boletaceae (11%), Agaricaceae (10%) and Amanitaceae (8%), which account for ~30% of all cases. Mushroom fruiting patterns revealed by the Poisons Centre inventory statistically resemble changes in fungal phenology, productivity and diversity as reflected by the Swiss National Data Centre ‘SwissFungi’. Although the newly developed Tox Info Suisse dataset provides an innovative basis for timely environmental research, caution is advised when interpreting some of the observed long-term changes and autumnal extremes. Uncertainty of the new record relates to possible data incompleteness, imprecise species description and/or identification, as well as the inclusion of cultivated and non-indigenous mushrooms. Nevertheless, we hope that the Tox Info Suisse inventory will stimulate and enable a variety of ecological-oriented follow-up studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina M. Schenk-Jäger
- National Poisons Information Centre, Tox Info Suisse, Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Simon Egli
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - David Hanimann
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | | | - Hugo Kupferschmidt
- National Poisons Information Centre, Tox Info Suisse, Associated Institute of the University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulf Büntgen
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, Bern, Switzerland
- Global Change Research Centre AS CR, Brno, Czech Republic
- * E-mail:
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53
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Transparency in Ecology and Evolution: Real Problems, Real Solutions. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 31:711-719. [PMID: 27461041 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2016.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
To make progress scientists need to know what other researchers have found and how they found it. However, transparency is often insufficient across much of ecology and evolution. Researchers often fail to report results and methods in detail sufficient to permit interpretation and meta-analysis, and many results go entirely unreported. Further, these unreported results are often a biased subset. Thus the conclusions we can draw from the published literature are themselves often biased and sometimes might be entirely incorrect. Fortunately there is a movement across empirical disciplines, and now within ecology and evolution, to shape editorial policies to better promote transparency. This can be done by either requiring more disclosure by scientists or by developing incentives to encourage disclosure.
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54
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du Feu CR, Clark JA, Schaub M, Fiedler W, Baillie SR. The EURING Data Bank – a critical tool for continental-scale studies of marked birds. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/03078698.2016.1195205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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55
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Abstract
It was recently proposed that long-term population studies be exempted from the expectation that authors publicly archive the primary data underlying published articles. Such studies are valuable to many areas of ecological and evolutionary biological research, and multiple risks to their viability were anticipated as a result of public data archiving (PDA), ultimately all stemming from independent reuse of archived data. However, empirical assessment was missing, making it difficult to determine whether such fears are realistic. I addressed this by surveying data packages from long-term population studies archived in the Dryad Digital Repository. I found no evidence that PDA results in reuse of data by independent parties, suggesting the purported costs of PDA for long-term population studies have been overstated.
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56
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McNutt M, Lehnert K, Hanson B, Nosek BA, Ellison AM, King JL. RESEARCH INTEGRITY. Liberating field science samples and data. Science 2016; 351:1024-6. [PMID: 26941302 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad7048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Brooks Hanson
- American Geophysical Union, Washington, DC 20009 USA
| | - Brian A Nosek
- University of Virginia and Center for Open Science, Charlottesville, VA 22903 USA
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57
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Solutions for Archiving Data in Long-Term Studies: A Reply to Whitlock et al. Trends Ecol Evol 2016; 31:85-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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58
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Griesser M, Suzuki TN. Occasional cooperative breeding in birds and the robustness of comparative analyses concerning the evolution of cooperative breeding. ZOOLOGICAL LETTERS 2016; 2:7. [PMID: 27026827 PMCID: PMC4810505 DOI: 10.1186/s40851-016-0041-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Cooperative breeding is a widespread and intense form of cooperation, in which individuals help raise offspring that are not their own. This behaviour is particularly well studied in birds, using both long-term and comparative studies that have provided insights into the evolution of reproductive altruism. In most cooperatively breeding species, helpers are offspring that remain with their parents beyond independency and help in the raising of younger siblings. However, many cooperatively breeding species are poorly studied, and in 152 species, this behaviour only has been observed infrequently (i.e., occasional cooperative breeding). Here we argue that the parental care mode of these 152 species needs to be treated with caution, as factors associated with occasional cooperative breeding may differ from those associated with "regular" cooperative breeding. In most cooperatively breeding species, helpers provide alloparental care at the nests of their parents or close relatives; however, only in one occasionally cooperatively breeding species do offspring remain into the next breeding season with their parents. Accordingly, different factors are likely to be associated with regular and occasional cooperative breeding. The latter behaviour resembles interspecific feeding (i.e., individuals feed offspring of another species), which occurs when birds lose their brood and begin feeding at a nearby nest, or when birds mistakenly feed at another nest. Thus, we advise researchers to exclude occasional cooperative breeders in comparative analyses until their status is clarified, or to categorize them separately or according to the typically observed parental care mode. This approach will increase the robustness of comparative analyses and thereby improve our understanding of factors that drive the evolution of cooperative breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Griesser
- />Department of Anthropology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
- />Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Toshitaka N. Suzuki
- />Department of Evolutionary Studies of Biosystems, SOKENDAI (The Graduate University for Advanced Studies), Kanagawa, Japan
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59
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Whitlock MC, Bronstein JL, Bruna EM, Ellison AM, Fox CW, McPeek MA, Moore AJ, Noor MAF, Rausher MD, Rieseberg LH, Ritchie MG, Shaw RG. A Balanced Data Archiving Policy for Long-Term Studies. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 31:84-85. [PMID: 26708957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Whitlock
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Judith L Bronstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Emilio M Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430, USA; Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, PO Box 11530, Gainesville, FL 32611-5530, USA
| | - Aaron M Ellison
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA 01366, USA
| | - Charles W Fox
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA
| | - Mark A McPeek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Allen J Moore
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Mark D Rausher
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Loren H Rieseberg
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Michael G Ritchie
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9AJ, UK
| | - Ruth G Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA
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60
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Roche DG, Kruuk LEB, Lanfear R, Binning SA. Public Data Archiving in Ecology and Evolution: How Well Are We Doing? PLoS Biol 2015; 13:e1002295. [PMID: 26556502 PMCID: PMC4640582 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.1002295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Policies that mandate public data archiving (PDA) successfully increase accessibility to data underlying scientific publications. However, is the data quality sufficient to allow reuse and reanalysis? We surveyed 100 datasets associated with nonmolecular studies in journals that commonly publish ecological and evolutionary research and have a strong PDA policy. Out of these datasets, 56% were incomplete, and 64% were archived in a way that partially or entirely prevented reuse. We suggest that cultural shifts facilitating clearer benefits to authors are necessary to achieve high-quality PDA and highlight key guidelines to help authors increase their data's reuse potential and compliance with journal data policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique G. Roche
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Éco-Éthologie, Institut de Biologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
| | - Loeske E. B. Kruuk
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Institute of Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Lanfear
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sandra A. Binning
- Division of Evolution, Ecology and Genetics, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
- Éco-Éthologie, Institut de Biologie, Université de Neuchâtel, Neuchâtel, Switzerland
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61
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Griesser M, Halvarsson P, Drobniak SM, Vilà C. Fine-scale kin recognition in the absence of social familiarity in the Siberian jay, a monogamous bird species. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:5726-38. [PMID: 26460512 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Kin recognition is a critical element to kin cooperation, and in vertebrates, it is primarily based on associative learning. Recognition of socially unfamiliar kin occurs rarely, and it is reported only in vertebrate species where promiscuity prevents recognition of first-order relatives. However, it is unknown whether the recognition of socially unfamiliar kin can evolve in monogamous species. Here, we investigate whether genetic relatedness modulates aggression among group members in Siberian jays (Perisoreus infaustus). This bird species is genetically and socially monogamous and lives in groups that are formed through the retention of offspring beyond independence, and the immigration of socially unfamiliar nonbreeders. Observations on feeders showed that genetic relatedness modulated aggression of breeders towards immigrants in a graded manner, in that they chased most intensely the immigrant group members that were genetically the least related. However, cross-fostering experiments showed that breeders were equally tolerant towards their own and cross-fostered young swapped as nestlings. Thus, breeders seem to use different mechanisms to recognize socially unfamiliar individuals and own offspring. As Siberian jays show a high degree of nepotism during foraging and predator encounters, inclusive fitness benefits may play a role for the evolution of fine-scale kin recognition. More generally, our results suggest that fine-graded kin recognition can evolve independently of social familiarity, highlighting the evolutionary importance of kin recognition for social species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Griesser
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Halvarsson
- Animal Ecology, Department of Ecology and Genetics, Uppsala University, SE-752 36, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Szymon M Drobniak
- Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Carles Vilà
- Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain
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