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Bruna EM, Uriarte M, Darrigo MR, Rubim P, Jurinitz CF, Scott ER, Ferreira da Silva O, Kress WJ. Demography of the understory herb Heliconia acuminata (Heliconiaceae) in an experimentally fragmented tropical landscape. Ecology 2023; 104:e4174. [PMID: 37776233 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation remains a major focus of research by ecologists decades after being put forward as a threat to the integrity of ecosystems. While studies have documented myriad biotic changes in fragmented landscapes, including the local extinction of species from fragments, the demographic mechanisms underlying these extinctions are rarely known. However, many of them-especially in lowland tropical forests-are thought to be driven by one of two mechanisms: (1) reduced recruitment in fragments resulting from changes in the diversity or abundance of pollinators and seed dispersers or (2) increased rates of individual mortality in fragments due to dramatically altered abiotic conditions, especially near fragment edges. Unfortunately, there have been few tests of these potential mechanisms due to the paucity of long-term and comprehensive demographic data collected in both forest fragments and continuous forest sites. Here we report 11 years (1998-2009) of demographic data from populations of the Amazonian understory herb Heliconia acuminata (LC Rich.) found at Brazil's Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project (BDFFP). The data set comprises >66,000 plant × year records of 8586 plants, including 3464 seedlings established after the first census. Seven populations were in experimentally isolated fragments (one in each of four 1-ha fragments and one in each of three 10-ha fragments), with the remaining six populations in continuous forest. Each population was in a 50 × 100 m permanent plot, with the distance between plots ranging from 500 m to 60 km. The plants in each plot were censused annually, at which time we recorded, identified, marked, and measured new seedlings, identified any previously marked plants that died, and recorded the size of surviving individuals. Each plot was also surveyed four to five times during the flowering season to identify reproductive plants and record the number of inflorescences each produced. These data have been used to investigate topics ranging from the way fragmentation-related reductions in germination influence population dynamics to statistical methods for analyzing reproductive rates. This breadth of prior use reflects the value of these data to future researchers. In addition to analyses of plant responses to habitat fragmentation, these data can be used to address fundamental questions in plant demography and the evolutionary ecology of tropical plants and to develop and test demographic models and tools. Though we welcome opportunities to collaborate with interested users, there are no restrictions on the use of this data set. However, we do request that those using the data for teaching or research purposes inform us of how they are doing so and cite this paper and the data archive when appropriate. Any publication using the data must also include a BDFFP Technical Series Number in the Acknowledgments. Authors can request this series number upon the acceptance of their article by contacting the BDFFP's Scientific Coordinator or E. M. Bruna.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio M Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, INPA-PDBFF, Manaus, Brazil
| | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria Rosa Darrigo
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, INPA-PDBFF, Manaus, Brazil
| | - Paulo Rubim
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, INPA-PDBFF, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Eric R Scott
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | | | - W John Kress
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
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Robinson ML, Hahn PG, Inouye BD, Underwood N, Whitehead SR, Abbott KC, Bruna EM, Cacho NI, Dyer LA, Abdala-Roberts L, Allen WJ, Andrade JF, Angulo DF, Anjos D, Anstett DN, Bagchi R, Bagchi S, Barbosa M, Barrett S, Baskett CA, Ben-Simchon E, Bloodworth KJ, Bronstein JL, Buckley YM, Burghardt KT, Bustos-Segura C, Calixto ES, Carvalho RL, Castagneyrol B, Chiuffo MC, Cinoğlu D, Cinto Mejía E, Cock MC, Cogni R, Cope OL, Cornelissen T, Cortez DR, Crowder DW, Dallstream C, Dáttilo W, Davis JK, Dimarco RD, Dole HE, Egbon IN, Eisenring M, Ejomah A, Elderd BD, Endara MJ, Eubanks MD, Everingham SE, Farah KN, Farias RP, Fernandes AP, Fernandes GW, Ferrante M, Finn A, Florjancic GA, Forister ML, Fox QN, Frago E, França FM, Getman-Pickering AS, Getman-Pickering Z, Gianoli E, Gooden B, Gossner MM, Greig KA, Gripenberg S, Groenteman R, Grof-Tisza P, Haack N, Hahn L, Haq SM, Helms AM, Hennecke J, Hermann SL, Holeski LM, Holm S, Hutchinson MC, Jackson EE, Kagiya S, Kalske A, Kalwajtys M, Karban R, Kariyat R, Keasar T, Kersch-Becker MF, Kharouba HM, Kim TN, Kimuyu DM, Kluse J, Koerner SE, Komatsu KJ, Krishnan S, Laihonen M, Lamelas-López L, LaScaleia MC, Lecomte N, Lehn CR, Li X, Lindroth RL, LoPresti EF, Losada M, Louthan AM, Luizzi VJ, Lynch SC, Lynn JS, Lyon NJ, Maia LF, Maia RA, Mannall TL, Martin BS, Massad TJ, McCall AC, McGurrin K, Merwin AC, Mijango-Ramos Z, Mills CH, Moles AT, Moore CM, Moreira X, Morrison CR, Moshobane MC, Muola A, Nakadai R, Nakajima K, Novais S, Ogbebor CO, Ohsaki H, Pan VS, Pardikes NA, Pareja M, Parthasarathy N, Pawar RR, Paynter Q, Pearse IS, Penczykowski RM, Pepi AA, Pereira CC, Phartyal SS, Piper FI, Poveda K, Pringle EG, Puy J, Quijano T, Quintero C, Rasmann S, Rosche C, Rosenheim LY, Rosenheim JA, Runyon JB, Sadeh A, Sakata Y, Salcido DM, Salgado-Luarte C, Santos BA, Sapir Y, Sasal Y, Sato Y, Sawant M, Schroeder H, Schumann I, Segoli M, Segre H, Shelef O, Shinohara N, Singh RP, Smith DS, Sobral M, Stotz GC, Tack AJM, Tayal M, Tooker JF, Torrico-Bazoberry D, Tougeron K, Trowbridge AM, Utsumi S, Uyi O, Vaca-Uribe JL, Valtonen A, van Dijk LJA, Vandvik V, Villellas J, Waller LP, Weber MG, Yamawo A, Yim S, Zarnetske PL, Zehr LN, Zhong Z, Wetzel WC. Plant size, latitude, and phylogeny explain within-population variability in herbivory. Science 2023; 382:679-683. [PMID: 37943897 DOI: 10.1126/science.adh8830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Interactions between plants and herbivores are central in most ecosystems, but their strength is highly variable. The amount of variability within a system is thought to influence most aspects of plant-herbivore biology, from ecological stability to plant defense evolution. Our understanding of what influences variability, however, is limited by sparse data. We collected standardized surveys of herbivory for 503 plant species at 790 sites across 116° of latitude. With these data, we show that within-population variability in herbivory increases with latitude, decreases with plant size, and is phylogenetically structured. Differences in the magnitude of variability are thus central to how plant-herbivore biology varies across macroscale gradients. We argue that increased focus on interaction variability will advance understanding of patterns of life on Earth.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Robinson
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - P G Hahn
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - B D Inouye
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - N Underwood
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - S R Whitehead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - K C Abbott
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - E M Bruna
- Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - N I Cacho
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - L A Dyer
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - L Abdala-Roberts
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - W J Allen
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - J F Andrade
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - D F Angulo
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Departamento de Recursos Naturales, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - D Anjos
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - D N Anstett
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - R Bagchi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - S Bagchi
- Centre for Ecological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - M Barbosa
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - S Barrett
- Department of Biodiversity Conservation & Attractions Western Australia, Albany, Western Australia, Australia
| | - C A Baskett
- Institute of Science and Technology Austria, Klosterneuburg, Austria
| | - E Ben-Simchon
- Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon Le Tzion, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
| | - K J Bloodworth
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - J L Bronstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Y M Buckley
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - K T Burghardt
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - C Bustos-Segura
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - E S Calixto
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - R L Carvalho
- Institute of Advanced Studies, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - M C Chiuffo
- Grupo de Ecología de Invasiones, INIBIOMA, Universidad Nacional del Comahue, CONICET, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - D Cinoğlu
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - E Cinto Mejía
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - M C Cock
- Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Instituto de Ciencias de la Tierra y Ambientales de La Pampa, Santa Rosa, La Pampa, Argentina
| | - R Cogni
- Department of Ecology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - O L Cope
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Biology, Whitworth University, Spokane, WA, USA
| | - T Cornelissen
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - D R Cortez
- Department of Biology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - D W Crowder
- Department of Entomology, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - C Dallstream
- Department of Biology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - W Dáttilo
- Red de Ecoetología, Instituto de Ecología AC, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - J K Davis
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - R D Dimarco
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, USA
- Grupo de Ecología de Poblaciones de Insectos, IFAB, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - H E Dole
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - I N Egbon
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - M Eisenring
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
| | - A Ejomah
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
| | - B D Elderd
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - M-J Endara
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecología y Evolución en los Trópicos-EETROP, Universidad de las Américas, Quito, Ecuador
| | - M D Eubanks
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - S E Everingham
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - K N Farah
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - R P Farias
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Salvador, Bahia, Brasil
| | - A P Fernandes
- Department of Botany, Ganpat Parsekar College of Education Harmal, Pernem, Goa, India
| | - G W Fernandes
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
- Knowledge Center for Biodiversity, Brazil
| | - M Ferrante
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - A Finn
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - G A Florjancic
- Department of Biological Sciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA, USA
| | - M L Forister
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - Q N Fox
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - E Frago
- CIRAD, UMR CBGP, INRAE, Institut Agro, IRD, Université Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - F M França
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, Pará, Brasil
| | | | - Z Getman-Pickering
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, USA
| | - E Gianoli
- Departamento de Biología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - B Gooden
- CSIRO Black Mountain Laboratories, CSIRO Health and Biosecurity, Canberra, Australia
| | - M M Gossner
- Forest Entomology, Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - K A Greig
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - S Gripenberg
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - R Groenteman
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - P Grof-Tisza
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - N Haack
- Independent Institute for Environmental Issues, Halle, Germany
| | - L Hahn
- Molecular Evolution and Systematics of Animals, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - S M Haq
- Wildlife Crime Control Division, Wildlife Trust of India, Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - A M Helms
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - J Hennecke
- Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
| | - S L Hermann
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - L M Holeski
- Department of Biological Sciences and Center for Adaptive Western Landscapes, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - S Holm
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
- Department of Zoology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - M C Hutchinson
- Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of California, Merced, Merced, CA, USA
| | - E E Jackson
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - S Kagiya
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - A Kalske
- Department of Biology, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - M Kalwajtys
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - R Karban
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - R Kariyat
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, USA
| | - T Keasar
- Department of Biology and the Environment, University of Haifa - Oranim, Oranim, Tivon, Israel
| | - M F Kersch-Becker
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - H M Kharouba
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - T N Kim
- Department of Entomology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - D M Kimuyu
- Department of Natural Resources, Karatina University, Karatina, Kenya
| | - J Kluse
- Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA, USA
| | - S E Koerner
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
| | - K J Komatsu
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA
- Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Edgewater, MD, USA
| | - S Krishnan
- Center for Sustainable Future, Amrita University and EIACP RP, Amrita Viswa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India
| | - M Laihonen
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - L Lamelas-López
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Environment, University of the Azores, Ponta Delgada, Portugal
| | - M C LaScaleia
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT, USA
| | - N Lecomte
- Canada Research Chair in Polar and Boreal Ecology, Department of Biology and Centre d'Études Nordiques, Université de Moncton, Moncton, Canada
| | - C R Lehn
- Biological Sciences Course, Instituto Federal Farroupilha, Panambi, RS, Brazil
| | - X Li
- College of Resources and Environmental sciences, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, China
| | - R L Lindroth
- Department of Entomology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - E F LoPresti
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - M Losada
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - A M Louthan
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - V J Luizzi
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - S C Lynch
- Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS, USA
| | - J S Lynn
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - N J Lyon
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - L F Maia
- Bio-Protection Research Centre, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R A Maia
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - T L Mannall
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B S Martin
- Department of Plant Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - T J Massad
- Department of Scientific Services, Gorongosa National Park, Sofala, Mozambique
| | - A C McCall
- Biology Department, Denison University, Granville, OH, USA
| | - K McGurrin
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
| | - A C Merwin
- Department of Biology and Geology, Baldwin Wallace University, Berea, OH, USA
| | - Z Mijango-Ramos
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - C H Mills
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - A T Moles
- Evolution & Ecology Research Centre, University of New South Wales Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - C M Moore
- Department of Biology, Colby College, Waterville, ME, USA
| | - X Moreira
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Pontevedra, Galicia, Spain
| | - C R Morrison
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - M C Moshobane
- South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria National Botanical Garden, Brummeria, Silverton, South Africa
- Centre for Functional Biodiversity, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Scottsville, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | - A Muola
- Division of Biotechnology and Plant Health, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research, Tromsø, Norway
| | - R Nakadai
- Faculty of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - K Nakajima
- Insitute of Science and Engineering, Chuo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Institute of Cave Research, Shimohei-guun, Iwate Prefecture, Japan
| | - S Novais
- Red de Interacciones Multitróficas, Instituto de Ecología A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico
| | - C O Ogbebor
- Nigerian Institute for Oil Palm Research, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria
| | - H Ohsaki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
| | - V S Pan
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - N A Pardikes
- Department of Biology, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - M Pareja
- Departamento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Campinas, Brazil
| | - N Parthasarathy
- Department of Ecology and Evironmental Sciences, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India
| | | | - Q Paynter
- Manaaki Whenua - Landcare Research, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - I S Pearse
- U.S. Geological Survey, Fort Collins Science Center, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - R M Penczykowski
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - A A Pepi
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - C C Pereira
- Department of Genetics, Ecology and Evolution, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - S S Phartyal
- School of Ecology & Environment Studies, Nalanda University, Rajgir, India
| | - F I Piper
- Millennium Nucleus of Patagonian Limit of Life and Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca, Talca, Chile
- Institute of Ecology and Biodiversity, Ñuñoa, Santiago
| | - K Poveda
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - E G Pringle
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - J Puy
- School of Natural Sciences, Zoology, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Estación Biológica de Doñana, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, Sevilla, Spain
| | - T Quijano
- Departamento de Ecología Tropical, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - C Quintero
- INIBIOMA, CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - S Rasmann
- Institute of Biology, University of Neuchatel, Neuchatel, Switzerland
| | - C Rosche
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig, Germany
- Institute of Geobotany and Botanical Garden, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - L Y Rosenheim
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J A Rosenheim
- Department of Entomology and Nematology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - J B Runyon
- Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service, Bozeman, MT, USA
| | - A Sadeh
- Department of Natural Resources, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Volcani Institute, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - Y Sakata
- Department of Biological Environment, Akita Prefectural University, Shimoshinjyo-Nakano, Akita, Japan
| | - D M Salcido
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - C Salgado-Luarte
- Instituto de Investigación Multidisciplinario en Ciencia y Tecnología, Universidad de La Serena, La Serena, Chile
| | - B A Santos
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | - Y Sapir
- The Botanic Garden, School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Faculty of Life Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Y Sasal
- INIBIOMA, CONICET - Universidad Nacional del Comahue, San Carlos de Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
| | - Y Sato
- Department of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - M Sawant
- Department of Ecology, University of Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - H Schroeder
- Department of Entomology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - I Schumann
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Segoli
- Mitrani Department of Desert Ecology, Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - H Segre
- Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon Le Tzion, Israel
- Robert H. Smith Faculty of Agriculture, Food, and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Natural Resources, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Volcani Institute, Ramat Yishay, Israel
| | - O Shelef
- Department of Natural Resources, Institute of Plant Sciences, Agricultural Research Organization - Volcani Institute, Rishon Le Tzion, Israel
| | - N Shinohara
- Graduate School of Life Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - R P Singh
- McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - D S Smith
- Department of Biology, California State University San Bernardino, San Bernardino, CA, USA
| | - M Sobral
- Department of Soil Science and Agricultural Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - G C Stotz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - A J M Tack
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Tayal
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, USA
| | - J F Tooker
- Department of Entomology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - D Torrico-Bazoberry
- Laboratorio de Comportamiento Animal y Humano, Centro de Investigación en Complejidad Social, Universidad del Desarrollo, Las Condes, Chile
| | - K Tougeron
- Écologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés, Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UMR 7058 CNRS, Amiens, France
- Ecology of Interactions and Global Change, Institut de Recherche en Biosciences, Université de Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - A M Trowbridge
- Department of Forest and Wildlife Ecology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - S Utsumi
- Field Science Center for Northern Biosphere, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - O Uyi
- Department of Animal and Environmental Biology, University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
- Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA, USA
| | - J L Vaca-Uribe
- Programa de ingeniría agroecológica, Corporación Universitaria Minuto de Dios, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - A Valtonen
- Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, Finland
| | - L J A van Dijk
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics, Swedish Museum of Natural History, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - V Vandvik
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - J Villellas
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Alcalá, Madrid, Spain
| | - L P Waller
- Bioprotection Aotearoa, Lincoln University, Lincoln, New Zealand
| | - M G Weber
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - A Yamawo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki, Aomori, Japan
- Center for Ecological Research, Kyoto University, Otsu, Japan
| | - S Yim
- Biology Department, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA
| | - P L Zarnetske
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - L N Zehr
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Z Zhong
- Institute of Grassland Science, Key Laboratory of Vegetation Ecology, Ministry of Education/Jilin Songnen Grassland Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
- Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Beijing, China
| | - W C Wetzel
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Plant Resilience Institute, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- Department of Integrative Biology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
- W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Hickory Corners, MI, USA
- Land Resources and Environmental Sciences, Montana State University, Bozeman, MT, USA
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3
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Fletcher RJ, Smith TAH, Kortessis N, Bruna EM, Holt RD. Landscape experiments unlock relationships among habitat loss, fragmentation, and patch-size effects. Ecology 2023; 104:e4037. [PMID: 36942593 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.4037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Habitat loss is often considered the greatest near-term threat to biodiversity, while the impact of habitat fragmentation remains intensely debated. A key issue of this debate centers on the problem of scale-landscape or patch-at which to assess the consequences of fragmentation. Yet patterns are often confounded across scales, and experimental designs that could solve this scaling problem remain scarce. We conducted two field experiments in 30 experimental landscapes in which we manipulated habitat loss, fragmentation, and patch size for a community of four insect herbivores that specialize on the cactus Opuntia. In the first experiment, we destroyed 2088 Opuntia patches in either aggregated or random patterns and compared the relative effects of landscape-scale loss and fragmentation to those of local patch size on species occurrence. This experiment focused on manipulating the relative separation of remaining patches, where we hypothesized that aggregated loss would disrupt dispersal more than random loss, leading to lower occurrence. In the second experiment, we destroyed 759 Opuntia patches to generate landscapes that varied in patch number and size for a given amount of habitat loss and assessed species occurrence. This experiment focused on manipulating the subdivision of remaining habitat into different patch-size distributions, where we hypothesized that an increase in the number of patches for a given amount of loss would lead to negative effects on occurrence. For both, we expected that occurrence would increase with patch size. We find strong evidence for landscape-scale effects of habitat fragmentation, with aggregated loss and a larger number of patches for a given amount of habitat loss leading to a lower frequency of patches occupied in landscapes. In both experiments, occurrence increased with patch size, yet the interaction of patch size and landscape-scale loss and fragmentation drove species occurrence in patches. Importantly, the effects of patch size were sufficient to predict the effects of habitat loss and fragmentation across entire landscapes. Our experimental results suggest that changes at both the patch and landscape scales can impact populations, but that a long-standing pattern-the patch-size effect-captures much of the key variation shaping patterns of species occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Fletcher
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0430
| | - Thomas A H Smith
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0430
| | - Nicholas Kortessis
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8525
| | - Emilio M Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0430
- Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-5530
| | - Robert D Holt
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8525
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4
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Halpern BS, Boettiger C, Dietze MC, Gephart JA, Gonzalez P, Grimm NB, Groffman PM, Gurevitch J, Hobbie SE, Komatsu KJ, Kroeker KJ, Lahr HJ, Lodge DM, Lortie CJ, Lowndes JSS, Micheli F, Possingham HP, Ruckelshaus MH, Scarborough C, Wood CL, Wu GC, Aoyama L, Arroyo EE, Bahlai CA, Beller EE, Blake RE, Bork KS, Branch TA, Brown NEM, Brun J, Bruna EM, Buckley LB, Burnett JL, Castorani MCN, Cheng SH, Cohen SC, Couture JL, Crowder LB, Dee LE, Dias AS, Diaz‐Maroto IJ, Downs MR, Dudney JC, Ellis EC, Emery KA, Eurich JG, Ferriss BE, Fredston A, Furukawa H, Gagné SA, Garlick SR, Garroway CJ, Gaynor KM, González AL, Grames EM, Guy‐Haim T, Hackett E, Hallett LM, Harms TK, Haulsee DE, Haynes KJ, Hazen EL, Jarvis RM, Jones K, Kandlikar GS, Kincaid DW, Knope ML, Koirala A, Kolasa J, Kominoski JS, Koricheva J, Lancaster LT, Lawlor JA, Lowman HE, Muller‐Karger FE, Norman KEA, Nourn N, O'Hara CC, Ou SX, Padilla‐Gamino JL, Pappalardo P, Peek RA, Pelletier D, Plont S, Ponisio LC, Portales‐Reyes C, Provete DB, Raes EJ, Ramirez‐Reyes C, Ramos I, Record S, Richardson AJ, Salguero‐Gómez R, Satterthwaite EV, Schmidt C, Schwartz AJ, See CR, Shea BD, Smith RS, Sokol ER, Solomon CT, Spanbauer T, Stefanoudis PV, Sterner BW, Sudbrack V, Tonkin JD, Townes AR, Valle M, Walter JA, Wheeler KI, Wieder WR, Williams DR, Winter M, Winterova B, Woodall LC, Wymore AS, Youngflesh C. Priorities for synthesis research in ecology and environmental science. Ecosphere 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/ecs2.4342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin S. Halpern
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara California USA
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Carl Boettiger
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley California USA
| | - Michael C. Dietze
- Department of Earth & Environment Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Jessica A. Gephart
- Department of Environmental Science American University Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Patrick Gonzalez
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management University of California Berkeley California USA
- Institute for Parks, People, and Biodiversity University of California Berkeley California USA
| | - Nancy B. Grimm
- School of Life Sciences Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Peter M. Groffman
- City University of New York Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center New York New York USA
- Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies Millbrook New York USA
| | - Jessica Gurevitch
- Department of Ecology and Evolution Stony Brook University Stony Brook New York USA
| | - Sarah E. Hobbie
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota USA
| | | | - Kristy J. Kroeker
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Heather J. Lahr
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - David M. Lodge
- Cornell Atkinson Center for Sustainability Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Christopher J. Lortie
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara California USA
- Department of Biology York University Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Julie S. S. Lowndes
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Fiorenza Micheli
- Hopkins Marine Station, Oceans Department Stanford University Pacific Grove California USA
- Stanford Center for Ocean Solutions Pacific Grove California USA
| | - Hugh P. Possingham
- Centre for Biodiversity and Conservation Science (CBCS) The University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | - Courtney Scarborough
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Chelsea L. Wood
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Grace C. Wu
- Environmental Studies University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Lina Aoyama
- Environmental Studies Program and Department of Biology University of Oregon Eugene Oregon USA
| | - Eva E. Arroyo
- Department of Ecology Evolution and Environmental Biology New York New York USA
| | | | - Erin E. Beller
- Real Estate and Workplace Services Sustainability Team Google Inc. Mountain View California USA
| | | | | | - Trevor A. Branch
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Norah E. M. Brown
- Department of Biology University of Victoria Victoria British Columbia Canada
| | - Julien Brun
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Emilio M. Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation University of Florida Gainesville Florida USA
| | - Lauren B. Buckley
- Department of Biology University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Jessica L. Burnett
- Core Science Systems Science Analytics and Synthesis U.S. Geological Survey, 8th and Kipling, Denver Federal Center Lakewood Colorado USA
| | - Max C. N. Castorani
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Samantha H. Cheng
- Center for Biodiversity and Conservation American Museum of Natural History New York New York USA
| | - Sarah C. Cohen
- Estuary and Ocean Science Center, Biology Department San Francisco State University San Francisco California USA
| | | | - Larry B. Crowder
- Hopkins Marine Station, Oceans Department Stanford University Pacific Grove California USA
| | - Laura E. Dee
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Arildo S. Dias
- Department of Physical Geography (IPG) Goethe‐Universität Frankfurt (Campus Riedberg) Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | | | - Martha R. Downs
- National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Joan C. Dudney
- Department of Plant Sciences UC Davis Davis California USA
| | - Erle C. Ellis
- Geography & Environmental Systems University of Maryland Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Kyle A. Emery
- Department of Geography UC Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | | | - Bridget E. Ferriss
- Resource Ecology and Fisheries Management Division Alaska Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Seattle Washington USA
| | - Alexa Fredston
- Department of Ocean Sciences University of California Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Hikaru Furukawa
- School of Earth and Space Exploration Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Sara A. Gagné
- Department of Geography and Earth Sciences University of North Carolina at Charlotte Charlotte North Carolina USA
| | | | - Colin J. Garroway
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Kaitlyn M. Gaynor
- Departments of Zoology and Botany University of British Columbia Vancouver British Columbia Canada
| | - Angélica L. González
- Department of Biology & Center for Computational and Integrative Biology Rutgers University Camden New Jersey USA
| | - Eliza M. Grames
- Department of Biology University of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada USA
| | - Tamar Guy‐Haim
- National Institute of Oceanography Israel Oceanographic and Limnological Research (IOLR) Haifa Israel
| | - Ed Hackett
- School of Human Evolution & Social Change Arizona State University Tempe Arizona USA
| | - Lauren M. Hallett
- Environmental Studies Program and Department of Biology University of Oregon Eugene Oregon USA
| | - Tamara K. Harms
- Institute of Arctic Biology and Department of Biology & Wildlife University of Alaska Fairbanks Fairbanks Alaska USA
| | - Danielle E. Haulsee
- Hopkins Marine Station, Oceans Department Stanford University Pacific Grove California USA
| | - Kyle J. Haynes
- Blandy Experimental Farm University of Virginia Boyce Virginia USA
| | - Elliott L. Hazen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of California Santa Cruz Santa Cruz California USA
| | - Rebecca M. Jarvis
- School of Science Auckland University of Technology Auckland New Zealand
| | | | - Gaurav S. Kandlikar
- Division of Biological Sciences & Division of Plant Sciences University of Missouri Columbia Missouri USA
| | - Dustin W. Kincaid
- Vermont EPSCoR and Gund Institute for Environment University of Vermont Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Matthew L. Knope
- Department of Biology University of Hawai'i at Hilo Hilo Hawaii USA
| | - Anil Koirala
- Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens Georgia USA
| | - Jurek Kolasa
- Department of Biology McMaster University Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - John S. Kominoski
- Institute of Environment Florida International University Miami Florida USA
| | - Julia Koricheva
- Department of Biological Sciences Royal Holloway University of London Surrey UK
| | | | - Jake A. Lawlor
- Department of Biology McGill University Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Heili E. Lowman
- Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Science University of Nevada, Reno Reno Nevada USA
| | | | - Kari E. A. Norman
- Département de sciences biologiques Université de Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Nan Nourn
- Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | - Casey C. O'Hara
- Bren School of Environmental Science and Management University of California Santa Barbara California USA
| | - Suzanne X. Ou
- Department of Biology Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | | | - Paula Pappalardo
- Marine Invasions Laboratory Smithsonian Environmental Research Center Tiburon California USA
| | - Ryan A. Peek
- Center for Watershed Sciences University of California Davis California USA
| | - Dominique Pelletier
- UMR DECOD, HALGO, Département Ressources Biologiques et Environnement Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer Lorient France
| | - Stephen Plont
- Department of Biological Sciences Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Lauren C. Ponisio
- Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Department of Biology University of Oregon Eugene Oregon USA
| | | | - Diogo B. Provete
- Instituto de Biociências Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul Campo Grande Brazil
| | - Eric J. Raes
- Minderoo Foundation, Flourishing Oceans Nedlands Western Australia Australia
| | | | - Irene Ramos
- Comisión Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) Mexico City Mexico
| | - Sydne Record
- Department of Wildlife, Fisheries, and Conservation Biology University of Maine Orono Maine USA
| | - Anthony J. Richardson
- School of Mathematics and Physics University of Queensland St Lucia Queensland Australia
| | | | - Erin V. Satterthwaite
- California Sea Grant Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Chloé Schmidt
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Manitoba Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Aaron J. Schwartz
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Craig R. See
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society Northern Arizona University Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | - Brendan D. Shea
- Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation Virginia Tech Blacksburg Virginia USA
| | - Rachel S. Smith
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia USA
| | - Eric R. Sokol
- Battelle, National Ecological Observatory Network (NEON) Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - Trisha Spanbauer
- Department of Environmental Sciences/Lake Erie Center University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA
| | | | | | - Vitor Sudbrack
- Department of Ecology and Evolution University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Jonathan D. Tonkin
- School of Biological Sciences University of Canterbury Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Ashley R. Townes
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Mireia Valle
- AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA) Sukarrieta Spain
| | - Jonathan A. Walter
- Center for Watershed Sciences University of California Davis California USA
| | - Kathryn I. Wheeler
- Department of Earth & Environment Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - William R. Wieder
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory, Terrestrial Sciences Section National Center for Atmospheric Research Boulder Colorado USA
| | - David R. Williams
- Sustainability Research Institute, School of Earth and Environment University of Leeds Leeds UK
| | - Marten Winter
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle‐Jena‐Leipzig Leipzig Germany
| | - Barbora Winterova
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic
| | - Lucy C. Woodall
- School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences University of Washington Seattle Washington USA
| | - Adam S. Wymore
- Department of Natural Resources and the Environment University of New Hampshire Durham New Hampshire USA
| | - Casey Youngflesh
- Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
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5
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Scott ER, Uriarte M, Bruna EM. Delayed effects of climate on vital rates lead to demographic divergence in Amazonian forest fragments. Glob Chang Biol 2022; 28:463-479. [PMID: 34697872 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.15900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Deforestation often results in landscapes where remaining forest habitat is highly fragmented, with remnants of different sizes embedded in an often highly contrasting matrix. Local extinction of species from individual fragments is common, but the demographic mechanisms underlying these extinctions are poorly understood. It is often hypothesized that altered environmental conditions in fragments drive declines in reproduction, recruitment, or survivorship. The Amazon basin, in addition to experiencing continuing fragmentation, is experiencing climate change-related increases in the frequency and intensity of droughts and unusually wet periods. Whether plant populations in tropical forest fragments are particularly susceptible to extremes in precipitation remains unclear. Most studies of plants in fragments are relatively short (1-6 years), focus on a single life-history stage, and often do not compare to populations in continuous forest. Even fewer studies consider delayed effects of climate on demographic vital rates despite the importance of delayed effects in studies that consider them. Using a decade of demographic and climate data from an experimentally fragmented landscape in the Central Amazon, we assess the effects of climate on populations of an understory herb (Heliconia acuminata, Heliconiaceae). We used distributed lag nonlinear models to understand the delayed effects of climate (measured as standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index, SPEI) on survival, growth, and flowering. We detected delayed effects of climate up to 36 months. Extremes in SPEI in the previous year reduced survival, drought in the wet season 8-11 months prior to the February census increased growth, and drought two dry seasons prior increased flowering probability. Effects of extremes in precipitation on survival and growth were more pronounced in forest fragments compared to continuous forest. The complex delayed effects of climate and habitat fragmentation in our study point to the importance of long-term demography experiments in understanding the effects of anthropogenic change on plant populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric R Scott
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Emilio M Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, INPA-PDBFF, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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6
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Smith AC, Merz L, Borden JB, Gulick CK, Kshirsagar AR, Bruna EM. Assessing the effect of article processing charges on the geographic diversity of authors using Elsevier’s “Mirror Journal” system. Quantitative Science Studies 2021. [DOI: 10.1162/qss_a_00157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Journals publishing open access (OA) articles often require that authors pay article processing charges (APC). Researchers in the Global South often cite APCs as a major financial obstacle to OA publishing, especially in widely recognized or prestigious outlets. Consequently, it has been hypothesized that authors from the Global South will be underrepresented in journals charging APCs. We tested this hypothesis using more than 37,000 articles from Elsevier’s “Mirror journal” system, in which a hybrid “Parent” journal and its Gold OA “Mirror” share editorial boards and standards for acceptance. Most articles were non-OA; 45% of articles had lead authors based in either the United States or China. After correcting for the effect of this dominance and differences in sample size, we found that OA articles published in Parent and Mirror journals had lead authors with similar Geographic Diversity. However, Author Geographic Diversity of OA articles was significantly lower than that of non-OA articles. Most OA articles were written by authors in high-income countries, and there were no articles in Mirror journals by authors in low-income countries. Our results for Elsevier’s Mirror-Parent system are consistent with the hypothesis that APCs are a barrier to OA publication for scientists from the Global South.
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7
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Bruna EM, Chazdon R, Errington TM, Nosek BA. A proposal to advance theory and promote collaboration in tropical biology by supporting replications. Biotropica 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio M. Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Center for Latin American Studies University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Robin Chazdon
- Association for Tropical Biology and Conservation Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology University of Connecticut Storrs CT USA
| | | | - Brian A. Nosek
- Center for Open Science Charlottesville VA USA
- University of Virginia Charlottesville VA USA
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8
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Silva LVB, Vasconcelos HL, Mack MC, Ferreira ADS, Bruna EM. Effects of experimental nitrogen enrichment on soil properties and litter decomposition in a Neotropical savanna. AUSTRAL ECOL 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/aec.12936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Vivian Barbosa Silva
- Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. Pará 1720 Uberlândia Minas Gerais 38405-320 Brazil
| | - Heraldo L. Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. Pará 1720 Uberlândia Minas Gerais 38405-320 Brazil
| | - Michelle C. Mack
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society; Northern Arizona University; Flagstaff Arizona USA
| | | | - Emilio M. Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida USA
- Center for Latin American Studies; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida USA
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9
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Powers JS, Bruna EM, Campos-Arceiz A, Delamonica Sampaio P, DeWalt SJ, Lohmann LG, Zahawi RA. Tropical biology and conservation in the time of the COVID-19 pandemic. Biotropica 2020; 52:399. [PMID: 32536692 PMCID: PMC7283803 DOI: 10.1111/btp.12802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Powers
- Departments of Ecology, Evolution & Behavior and Plant & Microbial Biology University of Minnesota Saint Paul MN USA
| | - Emilio M Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA.,Center for Latin American Studies University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Ahimsa Campos-Arceiz
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute Chinese Academy of Sciences Nay Pyi Taw Myanmar.,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Menglun China
| | - Patricia Delamonica Sampaio
- Tropical Conservation and Development Program Center for Latin American Studies University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
| | - Saara J DeWalt
- Department of Biological Sciences Clemson University Clemson SC USA
| | - Lúcia G Lohmann
- Departamento de Botânica Instituto de Biociências Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Rakan A Zahawi
- Lyon Arboretum University of Hawai'i at Mānoa Honolulu HI USA
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10
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Beckman NG, Aslan CE, Rogers HS, Kogan O, Bronstein JL, Bullock JM, Hartig F, HilleRisLambers J, Zhou Y, Zurell D, Brodie JF, Bruna EM, Cantrell RS, Decker RR, Efiom E, Fricke EC, Gurski K, Hastings A, Johnson JS, Loiselle BA, Miriti MN, Neubert MG, Pejchar L, Poulsen JR, Pufal G, Razafindratsima OH, Sandor ME, Shea K, Schreiber S, Schupp EW, Snell RS, Strickland C, Zambrano J. Advancing an interdisciplinary framework to study seed dispersal ecology. AoB Plants 2020; 12:plz048. [PMID: 32346468 PMCID: PMC7179845 DOI: 10.1093/aobpla/plz048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Although dispersal is generally viewed as a crucial determinant for the fitness of any organism, our understanding of its role in the persistence and spread of plant populations remains incomplete. Generalizing and predicting dispersal processes are challenging due to context dependence of seed dispersal, environmental heterogeneity and interdependent processes occurring over multiple spatial and temporal scales. Current population models often use simple phenomenological descriptions of dispersal processes, limiting their ability to examine the role of population persistence and spread, especially under global change. To move seed dispersal ecology forward, we need to evaluate the impact of any single seed dispersal event within the full spatial and temporal context of a plant's life history and environmental variability that ultimately influences a population's ability to persist and spread. In this perspective, we provide guidance on integrating empirical and theoretical approaches that account for the context dependency of seed dispersal to improve our ability to generalize and predict the consequences of dispersal, and its anthropogenic alteration, across systems. We synthesize suitable theoretical frameworks for this work and discuss concepts, approaches and available data from diverse subdisciplines to help operationalize concepts, highlight recent breakthroughs across research areas and discuss ongoing challenges and open questions. We address knowledge gaps in the movement ecology of seeds and the integration of dispersal and demography that could benefit from such a synthesis. With an interdisciplinary perspective, we will be able to better understand how global change will impact seed dispersal processes, and potential cascading effects on plant population persistence, spread and biodiversity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelle G Beckman
- Department of Biology & Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Clare E Aslan
- Landscape Conservation Initiative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Haldre S Rogers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Organismal Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA
| | - Oleg Kogan
- Physics Department, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA, USA
| | - Judith L Bronstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - James M Bullock
- Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Benson Lane, Wallingford, UK
| | - Florian Hartig
- Theoretical Ecology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Mathematics, Lafayette College, Easton, PA, USA
| | - Damaris Zurell
- Swiss Federal Research Institute WSL, Dept. Land Change Science, Birmensdorf, Switzerland
- Humboldt-University Berlin, Geography Dept., Berlin, Germany
| | - Jedediah F Brodie
- Division of Biological Sciences and Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Missoula, MT, USA
| | - Emilio M Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation & Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Robin R Decker
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Edu Efiom
- REDD+ Unit, Cross River State Forestry Commission, Calabar, Nigeria
- Biology Department, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Evan C Fricke
- National Socio-Environmental Synthesis Center, University of Maryland, Annapolis, MD, USA
| | - Katherine Gurski
- Department of Mathematics, Howard University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Alan Hastings
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
- Santa Fe Institute, Santa Fe, NM, USA
| | - Jeremy S Johnson
- School of Forestry, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Bette A Loiselle
- Center for Latin American Studies and Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Maria N Miriti
- Department of Evolution, Ecology and Organismal Biology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Michael G Neubert
- Department of Biology, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA, USA
| | - Liba Pejchar
- Department of Fish, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - John R Poulsen
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Gesine Pufal
- Natur Conservation and Landscape Ecology, University of Freiburg Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Manette E Sandor
- Landscape Conservation Initiative, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Katriona Shea
- Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sebastian Schreiber
- Department of Evolution and Ecology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Eugene W Schupp
- Department of Wildland Resources & Ecology Center, Utah State University, Logan, UT, USA
| | - Rebecca S Snell
- Department of Environmental and Plant Biology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA
| | | | - Jenny Zambrano
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA
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Fletcher RJ, Sefair JA, Wang C, Poli CL, Smith TAH, Bruna EM, Holt RD, Barfield M, Marx AJ, Acevedo MA. Towards a unified framework for connectivity that disentangles movement and mortality in space and time. Ecol Lett 2019; 22:1680-1689. [PMID: 31347244 DOI: 10.1111/ele.13333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Predicting connectivity, or how landscapes alter movement, is essential for understanding the scope for species persistence with environmental change. Although it is well known that movement is risky, connectivity modelling often conflates behavioural responses to the matrix through which animals disperse with mortality risk. We derive new connectivity models using random walk theory, based on the concept of spatial absorbing Markov chains. These models decompose the role of matrix on movement behaviour and mortality risk, can incorporate species distribution to predict the amount of flow, and provide both short- and long-term analytical solutions for multiple connectivity metrics. We validate the framework using data on movement of an insect herbivore in 15 experimental landscapes. Our results demonstrate that disentangling the roles of movement behaviour and mortality risk is fundamental to accurately interpreting landscape connectivity, and that spatial absorbing Markov chains provide a generalisable and powerful framework with which to do so.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Fletcher
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110430, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0430, USA
| | - Jorge A Sefair
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Chao Wang
- School of Computing, Informatics, and Decision Systems Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Caroline L Poli
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110430, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0430, USA
| | - Thomas A H Smith
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110430, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0430, USA
| | - Emilio M Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110430, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0430, USA.,Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, PO Box 115530, 319 Grinter Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-5530, USA
| | - Robert D Holt
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, PO Box 118525, 111 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8525, USA
| | - Michael Barfield
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, PO Box 118525, 111 Bartram Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-8525, USA
| | - Andrew J Marx
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110430, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0430, USA
| | - Miguel A Acevedo
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110430, 110 Newins-Ziegler Hall, Gainesville, FL, 32611-0430, USA
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Bruna EM. Biotropica: The next 50 years. Biotropica 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio M. Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Center for Latin American Studies University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
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Costa AN, Bruna EM, Vasconcelos HL. Do an ecosystem engineer and environmental gradient act independently or in concert to shape juvenile plant communities? Tests with the leaf-cutter ant Atta laevigata in a Neotropical savanna. PeerJ 2018; 6:e5612. [PMID: 30324010 PMCID: PMC6183508 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.5612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ecosystem engineers are species that transform habitats in ways that influence other species.While the impacts of many engineers have been well described, our understanding of how their impact varies along environmental gradients remains limited. Although disentangling the effects of gradients and engineers on biodiversity is complicated-the gradients themselves can be altered by engineers-doing so is necessary to advance conceptual and mathematical models of ecosystem engineering. We used leaf-cutter ants (Atta spp.) to investigate the relative influence of gradients and environmental engineers on the abundance and species richness of woody plants. Methods We conducted our research in South America's Cerrado. With a survey of plant recruits along a canopy cover gradient, and data on environmental conditions that influence plant recruitment, we fit statistical models that addressed the following questions: (1) Does A. laevigata modify the gradient in canopy cover found in our Cerrado site? (2) Do environmental conditions that influence woody plant establishment in the Cerrado vary with canopy cover or proximity to A. laevigata nests? (3) Do A. laevigata and canopy cover act independently or in concert to influence recruit abundance and species richness? Results We found that environmental conditions previously shown to influence plant establishment in the Cerrado varied in concert with canopy cover, but that ants are not modifying the cover gradient or cover over nests. However, ants are modifying other local environmental conditions, and the magnitude and spatial extent of these changes are consistent across the gradient. In contrast to prior studies, we found that ant-related factors (e.g., proximity to nests, ant changes in surface conditions), rather than canopy cover, had the strongest effect on the abundance of plant recruits. However, the diversity of plants was influenced by both the engineer and the canopy cover gradient. Discussion Atta laevigata in the Cerrado modify local conditions in ways that have strong but spatially restricted consequences for plant communities. We hypothesize that ants indirectly reduce seedling establishment by clearing litter and reducing soil moisture, which leads to seed and seedling desiccation. Altering soil nutrients could also reduce juvenile growth and survivorship; if so these indirect negative effects of engineering could exacerbate their direct effects of harvesting plants. The effects of Atta appear restricted to nest mounds, but they could be long-lasting because mounds persist long after a colony has died or migrated. Our results support the hypothesis that leaf-cutter ants play a dominant role in Cerrado plant demography. We suggest the ecological and economic footprint of these engineers may increase dramatically in coming decades due to the transformation of the Cerrado by human activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan N Costa
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emilio M Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.,Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Heraldo L Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlandia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
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Zamudio KR, Kellner A, Serejo C, de Britto MR, Castro CB, Buckup PA, Pires DO, Couri M, Kury AB, Cardoso IA, Monné ML, Pombal J, Patiu CM, Padula V, Pimenta AD, Ventura CRR, Hajdu E, Zanol J, Bruna EM, Fitzpatrick J, Rocha LA. Lack of science support fails Brazil. Science 2018; 361:1322-1323. [PMID: 30262490 DOI: 10.1126/science.aav3296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly R Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Vertebrates, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.
| | - Alexander Kellner
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cristiana Serejo
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Clovis B Castro
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Paulo A Buckup
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Débora O Pires
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcia Couri
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Marcela L Monné
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - José Pombal
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cátia Mello Patiu
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Vinicius Padula
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Eduardo Hajdu
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Joana Zanol
- Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Emilio M Bruna
- Center for Latin American Studies, and Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - John Fitzpatrick
- Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA
| | - Luiz A Rocha
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
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16
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Espin J, Palmas S, Carrasco-Rueda F, Riemer K, Allen PE, Berkebile N, Hecht KA, Kastner-Wilcox K, Núñez-Regueiro MM, Prince C, Rios C, Ross E, Sangha B, Tyler T, Ungvari-Martin J, Villegas M, Cataldo TT, Bruna EM. A persistent lack of international representation on editorial boards in environmental biology. PLoS Biol 2017; 15:e2002760. [PMID: 29232375 PMCID: PMC5726619 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2002760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The scholars comprising journal editorial boards play a critical role in defining the trajectory of knowledge in their field. Nevertheless, studies of editorial board composition remain rare, especially those focusing on journals publishing research in the increasingly globalized fields of science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM). Using metrics for quantifying the diversity of ecological communities, we quantified international representation on the 1985–2014 editorial boards of 24 environmental biology journals. Over the course of 3 decades, there were 3,827 unique scientists based in 70 countries who served as editors. The size of the editorial community increased over time—the number of editors serving in 2014 was 4-fold greater than in 1985—as did the number of countries in which editors were based. Nevertheless, editors based outside the “Global North” (the group of economically developed countries with high per capita gross domestic product [GDP] that collectively concentrate most global wealth) were extremely rare. Furthermore, 67.18% of all editors were based in either the United States or the United Kingdom. Consequently, geographic diversity—already low in 1985—remained unchanged through 2014. We argue that this limited geographic diversity can detrimentally affect the creativity of scholarship published in journals, the progress and direction of research, the composition of the STEM workforce, and the development of science in Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, and much of Asia (i.e., the “Global South”).
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Espin
- Department of Sociology and Criminology & Law, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sebastian Palmas
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Farah Carrasco-Rueda
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kristina Riemer
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Pablo E. Allen
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Nathan Berkebile
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kirsten A. Hecht
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Kay Kastner-Wilcox
- Soil and Water Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mauricio M. Núñez-Regueiro
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Candice Prince
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Constanza Rios
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Erica Ross
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bhagatveer Sangha
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Tia Tyler
- Department of Environmental Horticulture, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Judit Ungvari-Martin
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Mariana Villegas
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Tara T. Cataldo
- Martson Science Library, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Emilio M. Bruna
- Tropical Conservation and Development Program, Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Darosci AAB, Bruna EM, Motta-Junior JC, Ferreira CDS, Blake JG, Munhoz CBR. Seasonality, diaspore traits and the structure of plant-frugivore networks in Neotropical savanna forest. Acta Oecologica 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.actao.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Mundim FM, Alborn HT, Vieira-Neto EHM, Bruna EM. A whole-plant perspective reveals unexpected impacts of above- and belowground herbivores on plant growth and defense. Ecology 2016; 98:70-78. [DOI: 10.1002/ecy.1619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane M. Mundim
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida 32611-0430 USA
| | - Hans T. Alborn
- Center for Medical, Agricultural and Veterinary Entomology; Agricultural Research Service; U.S. Department of Agriculture; Gainesville Florida 32608 USA
| | - Ernane H. M. Vieira-Neto
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida 32611-0430 USA
| | - Emilio M. Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida 32611-0430 USA
- Center for Latin American Studies; University of Florida Gainesville; Gainesville Florida 32611-5530 USA
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Bruna EM. Biotropicarenames its ‘Outstanding Paper’ awards for two pioneering scientists. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Mundim FM, Bruna EM. Is There a Temperate Bias in Our Understanding of How Climate Change Will Alter Plant-Herbivore Interactions? A Meta-analysis of Experimental Studies. Am Nat 2016; 188 Suppl 1:S74-89. [DOI: 10.1086/687530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Mellissa S. Sobrinho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Vegetal; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife PE 50372-970 Brazil
| | - Marcelo Tabarelli
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife PE 50372-970 Brazil
| | - Isabel C. Machado
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife PE 50372-970 Brazil
| | - Júlia C. Sfair
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife PE 50372-970 Brazil
| | - Emilio M. Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; 32611-0430 Gainesville Florida U.S.A
| | - Ariadna V. Lopes
- Departamento de Botânica; Universidade Federal de Pernambuco; Recife PE 50372-970 Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernane H. M. Vieira-Neto
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611-0430 USA
| | - Heraldo L. Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Biologia; Universidade Federal de Uberlândia; Av. Pará 1720 Uberlândia MG 38405-320 Brazil
| | - Emilio M. Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611-0430 USA
- Center for Latin American Studies; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611-5530 USA
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Bruna EM, Peña-Claros M, Finegan B, Kaplin BA. A new data archiving policy for Biotropica. Biotropica 2016. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio M. Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville FL U.S.A
- Center for Latin American Studies; University of Florida; Gainesville FL U.S.A
| | - Marielos Peña-Claros
- Forest Ecology and Forest Management Group; Wageningen University and Research Centre; Wageningen the Netherlands
- Instituto Boliviano de Investigación Forestal (IBIF); Santa Cruz de la Sierra Bolivia
| | - Bryan Finegan
- Production and Conservation in Forests Programme; Tropical Agricultural Centre for Research and Higher Education (CATIE); 7170 Cartago Turrialba 30501 Costa Rica
| | - Beth A. Kaplin
- Center for Tropical Ecology and Conservation; Department of Environmental Studies; Antioch University New England; 40 Avon Street Keene NH 03431 U.S.A
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul V. A. Fine
- Department of Integrative Biology and University and Jepson Herbaria; University of California; Berkeley CA 94720 U.S.A
| | - Emilio M. Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 U.S.A
- Center for Latin American Studies; University of Florida; Gainesville FL 32611 U.S.A
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Whitlock MC, Bronstein JL, Bruna EM, Ellison AM, Fox CW, McPeek MA, Moore AJ, Noor MAF, Rausher MD, Rieseberg LH, Ritchie MG, Shaw RG. A Balanced Data Archiving Policy for Long-Term Studies. Trends Ecol Evol 2015; 31:84-85. [PMID: 26708957 DOI: 10.1016/j.tree.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Whitlock
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada.
| | - Judith L Bronstein
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA
| | - Emilio M Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430, USA; Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, PO Box 11530, Gainesville, FL 32611-5530, USA
| | - Aaron M Ellison
- Harvard Forest, Harvard University, Petersham, MA 01366, USA
| | - Charles W Fox
- Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546-0091, USA
| | - Mark A McPeek
- Department of Biological Sciences, Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
| | - Allen J Moore
- Department of Genetics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | | | - Mark D Rausher
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Loren H Rieseberg
- Department of Botany, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Michael G Ritchie
- School of Biology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, KY16 9AJ, UK
| | - Ruth G Shaw
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Behavior, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55108, USA
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Bruna EM. Biotropicato Become an ‘Online-Only’ Journal in 2015. Biotropica 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Smith MJ, Weinberger C, Bruna EM, Allesina S. The scientific impact of nations: journal placement and citation performance. PLoS One 2014; 9:e109195. [PMID: 25296039 PMCID: PMC4189927 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0109195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2014] [Accepted: 09/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
International collaboration is becoming increasingly important for the advancement of science. To gain a more precise understanding of how factors such as international collaboration influence publication success, we divide publication success into two categories: journal placement and citation performance. Analyzing all papers published between 1996 and 2012 in eight disciplines, we find that those with more countries in their affiliations performed better in both categories. Furthermore, specific countries vary in their effects both individually and in combination. Finally, we look at the relationship between national output (in papers published) and input (in citations received) over the 17 years, expanding upon prior depictions by also plotting an expected proportion of citations based on Journal Placement. Discrepancies between this expectation and the realized proportion of citations illuminate trends in performance, such as the decline of the Global North in response to rapidly developing countries, especially China. Yet, most countries' show little to no discrepancy, meaning that, in most cases, citation proportion can be predicted by Journal Placement alone. This reveals an extreme asymmetry between the opinions of a few reviewers and the degree to which paper acceptance and citation rates influence career advancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Smith
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Northern Plains Center for Human Potential, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Cody Weinberger
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Emilio M. Bruna
- Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Stefano Allesina
- Department of Ecology & Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Computation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
- Northern Plains Center for Human Potential, St. Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Christianini
- Departamento de Ciências Ambientais, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Sorocaba SP, 18052-780, Brazil.
| | - Paulo S Oliveira
- Departmento de Biologia Animal, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, CP 6109, Campinas SP, 13083-970, Brazil
| | - Emilio M Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430, USA. Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-5530, USA
| | - Heraldo L Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia MG, 38400-902, Brazil
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Cho AH, Johnson SA, Schuman CE, Adler JM, Gonzalez O, Graves SJ, Huebner JR, Marchant DB, Rifai SW, Skinner I, Bruna EM. Women are underrepresented on the editorial boards of journals in environmental biology and natural resource management. PeerJ 2014; 2:e542. [PMID: 25177537 PMCID: PMC4145067 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite women earning similar numbers of graduate degrees as men in STEM disciplines, they are underrepresented in upper level positions in both academia and industry. Editorial board memberships are an important example of such positions; membership is both a professional honor in recognition of achievement and an opportunity for professional advancement. We surveyed 10 highly regarded journals in environmental biology, natural resource management, and plant sciences to quantify the number of women on their editorial boards and in positions of editorial leadership (i.e., Associate Editors and Editors-in-Chief) from 1985 to 2013. We found that during this time period only 16% of subject editors were women, with more pronounced disparities in positions of editorial leadership. Although the trend was towards improvement over time, there was surprising variation between journals, including those with similar disciplinary foci. While demographic changes in academia may reduce these disparities over time, we argue journals should proactively strive for gender parity on their editorial boards. This will both increase the number of women afforded the opportunities and benefits that accompany board membership and increase the number of role models and potential mentors for early-career scientists and students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa H Cho
- Agronomy Department, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Shelly A Johnson
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Carrie E Schuman
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Jennifer M Adler
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Oscar Gonzalez
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Sarah J Graves
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Jana R Huebner
- School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | | | - Sami W Rifai
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Irina Skinner
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
| | - Emilio M Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA ; Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida , Gainesville, FL , USA
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Bruna EM. A Word from the Editor-in-Chief. Biotropica 2014. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Emilio M. Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; PO Box 110430 Gainesville FL 32611-0430 U.S.A
- Center for Latin American Studies; University of Florida; PO Box 110430 Gainesville FL 32611-0430 U.S.A
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Côrtes MC, Uriarte M, Lemes MR, Gribel R, John Kress W, Smouse PE, Bruna EM. Low plant density enhances gene dispersal in the Amazonian understory herbHeliconia acuminata. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:5716-29. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marina C. Côrtes
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology; Columbia University; 1200 Amsterdam Avenue New York NY 10027 USA
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Av. André Araujo 2936 Manaus AM 69083-000 Brazil
| | - María Uriarte
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology; Columbia University; 1200 Amsterdam Avenue New York NY 10027 USA
| | - Maristerra R. Lemes
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Reprodutiva de Plantas; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Av. André Araujo 2936 Manaus AM 69083-000 Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Rua Jardim Botânico 1008 Rio de Janeiro RJ 22460-030 Brazil
| | - Rogério Gribel
- Laboratório de Genética e Biologia Reprodutiva de Plantas; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia; Av. André Araujo 2936 Manaus AM 69083-000 Brazil
- Instituto de Pesquisas Jardim Botânico do Rio de Janeiro; Rua Jardim Botânico 1008 Rio de Janeiro RJ 22460-030 Brazil
| | - W. John Kress
- Department of Botany; National Museum of Natural History; MRC-166; Smithsonian Institution; PO Box 37012 Washington DC USA
| | - Peter E. Smouse
- Department of Ecology, Evolution and Natural Resources; Rutgers University; 14 College Farm Road New Brunswick NJ 08901-8551 USA
| | - Emilio M. Bruna
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project; Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia and Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute; Av. André Araujo 2936 Manaus AM 69083-000 Brazil
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; 711 Newell Drive Gainesville FL 32611-0430 USA
- Center for Latin American Studies; University of Florida; 319 Grinter Hall Gainesville FL 32611 USA
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Jurinitz CF, de Oliveira AA, Bruna EM. Abiotic and Biotic Influences on Early-Stage Survival in Two Shade-Tolerant Tree Species in Brazil's Atlantic Forest. Biotropica 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/btp.12058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Cristiane F. Jurinitz
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia; Universidade de São Paulo; Rua do Matão, travessa 14, nº 321 São Paulo SP CEP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Alexandre A. de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ecologia; Universidade de São Paulo; Rua do Matão, travessa 14, nº 321 São Paulo SP CEP 05508-900 Brazil
| | - Emilio M. Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation; University of Florida; P.O. 110430 Gainesville FL 32611-0430 U.S.A
- Center for Latin American Studies; University of Florida; P.O. 115530 Gainesville FL 32611-5530 U.S.A
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Palumbo MJ, Johnson SA, Mundim FM, Lau A, Wolf AC, Arunachalam S, Gonzalez O, Ulrich JL, Washuta A, Bruna EM. Harnessing Smartphones for Ecological Education, Research, and Outreach. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1890/0012-9623-93.4.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Passmore HA, Bruna EM, Heredia SM, Vasconcelos HL. Resilient networks of ant-plant mutualists in Amazonian forest fragments. PLoS One 2012; 7:e40803. [PMID: 22912666 PMCID: PMC3415396 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0040803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The organization of networks of interacting species, such as plants and animals engaged in mutualisms, strongly influences the ecology and evolution of partner communities. Habitat fragmentation is a globally pervasive form of spatial heterogeneity that could profoundly impact the structure of mutualist networks. This is particularly true for biodiversity-rich tropical ecosystems, where the majority of plant species depend on mutualisms with animals and it is thought that changes in the structure of mutualist networks could lead to cascades of extinctions. Methodology/Principal Findings We evaluated effects of fragmentation on mutualistic networks by calculating metrics of network structure for ant-plant networks in continuous Amazonian forests with those in forest fragments. We hypothesized that networks in fragments would have fewer species and higher connectance, but equal nestedness and resilience compared to forest networks. Only one of the nine metrics we compared differed between continuous forest and forest fragments, indicating that networks were resistant to the biotic and abiotic changes that accompany fragmentation. This is partially the result of the loss of only specialist species with one connection that were lost in forest fragments. Conclusions/Significance We found that the networks of ant-plant mutualists in twenty-five year old fragments are similar to those in continuous forest, suggesting these interactions are resistant to the detrimental changes associated with habitat fragmentation, at least in landscapes that are a mosaic of fragments, regenerating forests, and pastures. However, ant-plant mutualistic networks may have several properties that may promote their persistence in fragmented landscapes. Proactive identification of key mutualist partners may be necessary to focus conservation efforts on the interactions that insure the integrity of network structure and the ecosystems services networks provide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A. Passmore
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Emilio M. Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia & Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Sylvia M. Heredia
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia & Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - Heraldo L. Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, C.P. 593, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Biological Dynamics of Forest Fragments Project, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia & Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil
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Copeland SM, Bruna EM, Silva LVB, Mack MC, Vasconcelos HL. Short-term effects of elevated precipitation and nitrogen on soil fertility and plant growth in a Neotropical savanna. Ecosphere 2012. [DOI: 10.1890/es11-00305.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Bruna EM, de Andrade AS. Edge effects on growth and biomass partitioning of an Amazonian understory herb (Heliconia acuminata; Heliconiaceae). Am J Bot 2011; 98:1727-1734. [PMID: 21965134 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.1000290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE After deforestation, environmental changes in the remaining forest fragments are often most intense near the forest edge, but few studies have evaluated plant growth or plasticity of plant growth in response to edge effects. METHODS In a 2-year common garden experiment, we compared biomass allocation and growth of Heliconia acuminata with identical genotypes grown in 50 × 35 m common gardens on a 25-year-old edge and in a forest interior site. KEY RESULTS Genetically identical plants transplanted to the forest edge and understory exhibited different patterns of growth and biomass allocation. However, individuals with identical genotypes in the same garden often had very different responses. Plants on forest edges also had higher growth rates and increased biomass at the end of the experiment, almost certainly due to the increased light on the forest edge. CONCLUSIONS With over 70000 km of forest edge created annually in the Brazilian Amazon, phenotypic plasticity may play an important role in mediating plant responses to these novel environmental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio M Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology & Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, 32611-0430, USA. embruna@ufl .edu
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Bruna EM, Izzo TJ, Inouye BD, Uriarte M, Vasconcelos HL. Asymmetric dispersal and colonization success of Amazonian plant-ants queens. PLoS One 2011; 6:e22937. [PMID: 21826219 PMCID: PMC3149609 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0022937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2011] [Accepted: 07/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The dispersal ability of queens is central to understanding ant life-history evolution, and plays a fundamental role in ant population and community dynamics, the maintenance of genetic diversity, and the spread of invasive ants. In tropical ecosystems, species from over 40 genera of ants establish colonies in the stems, hollow thorns, or leaf pouches of specialized plants. However, little is known about the relative dispersal ability of queens competing for access to the same host plants. Methodology/Principal Findings We used empirical data and inverse modeling—a technique developed by plant ecologists to model seed dispersal—to quantify and compare the dispersal kernels of queens from three Amazonian ant species that compete for access to host-plants. We found that the modal colonization distance of queens varied 8-fold, with the generalist ant species (Crematogaster laevis) having a greater modal distance than two specialists (Pheidole minutula, Azteca sp.) that use the same host-plants. However, our results also suggest that queens of Azteca sp. have maximal distances that are four-sixteen times greater than those of its competitors. Conclusions/Significance We found large differences between ant species in both the modal and maximal distance ant queens disperse to find vacant seedlings used to found new colonies. These differences could result from interspecific differences in queen body size, and hence wing musculature, or because queens differ in their ability to identify potential host plants while in flight. Our results provide support for one of the necessary conditions underlying several of the hypothesized mechanisms promoting coexistence in tropical plant-ants. They also suggest that for some ant species limited dispersal capability could pose a significant barrier to the rescue of populations in isolated forest fragments. Finally, we demonstrate that inverse models parameterized with field data are an excellent means of quantifying the dispersal of ant queens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio M Bruna
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation and Center for Latin American Studies, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America.
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Mundim FM, Bruna EM, Vieira-Neto EHM, Vasconcelos HL. Attack frequency and the tolerance to herbivory of Neotropical savanna trees. Oecologia 2011; 168:405-14. [PMID: 21809118 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-011-2088-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Tolerance is the ability of a plant to regrow or reproduce following damage. While experimental studies typically measure tolerance in response to the intensity of herbivory (i.e., the amount of leaf tissue removed in one attack), the impact of how many times plants are attacked during a growing season (i.e., the frequency of damage) is virtually unexplored. Using experimental defoliations that mimicked patterns of attack by leaf-cutter ants (Atta spp.), we examined how the frequency of herbivory influenced plant tolerance traits in six tree species in Brazil's Cerrado. For 2 years we quantified how monthly and quarterly damage influenced individual survivorship, relative growth rate, plant architecture, flowering, and foliar chemistry. We found that the content of leaf nitrogen (N) increased among clipped individuals of most species, suggesting that Atta influences the allocation of resources in damaged plants. Furthermore, our clipping treatments affected tree architecture in ways thought to promote tolerance. However, none of our focal species exhibited a compensatory increase in growth (increment in trunk diameter) in response to herbivory as relative growth rates were significantly lower in clipped than in unclipped individuals. In addition, the probability of survival was much lower for clipped plants, and lower for plants clipped monthly than those clipped quarterly. For plants that did survive, simulated herbivory dramatically reduced the probability of flowering. Our results were similar across a phylogenetically distinct suite of species, suggesting a potential extendability of these findings to other plant species in this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiane M Mundim
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, CP 593, Uberlândia, MG, 38400-902, Brazil.
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Uriarte M, Anciães M, da Silva MTB, Rubim P, Johnson E, Bruna EM. Disentangling the drivers of reduced long-distance seed dispersal by birds in an experimentally fragmented landscape. Ecology 2011; 92:924-37. [DOI: 10.1890/10-0709.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bruna EM, Guimarães JF, Lopes CT, Duarte P, Gomes ACL, Belentani SCS, Pacheco R, Facure KG, Lemos FG, Vasconcelos HL. Mammalia, Estação Ecológica do Panga, a Cerrado protected area in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. cl 2010. [DOI: 10.15560/6.4.668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a species list of the mammals of the Estação Ecológica do Panga, a 404 ha Cerrado reserve in Minas Gerais state, Brazil. Using methods ranging from camera traps to direct observations, we documented 46 species in the reserve. Among medium and large-sized mammals, the order Carnivora was the most commonly observed (N=12 species). The highest relative frequencies of observation were of Mazama guazoubira and Cerdocyon thous. Pecari tajacu was the most frequent species in camera traps. Over the course of 7320 trap nights there were 105 captures of small mammals from seven species, with an overall capture rate of 1.6 %. The highest capture rates were for the marsupial Gracilinanus agilis, with Calomys tener the most commonly caught rodent. Our survey suggests that many of the Cerrado’s mammal species can persist in landscapes that are a mosaic of natural areas and some types of agriculture.
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Ribeiro MBN, Bruna EM, Mantovani W. Influence of Post-Clearing Treatment on the Recovery of Herbaceous Plant Communities in Amazonian Secondary Forests. Restor Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2010.00715.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Uriarte M, Bruna EM, Rubim P, Anciães M, Jonckheere I. Effects of forest fragmentation on the seedling recruitment of a tropical herb: assessing seed vs. safe-site limitation. Ecology 2010; 91:1317-28. [DOI: 10.1890/09-0785.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Iacona GD, Kirkman LK, Bruna EM. Effects of resource availability on seedling recruitment in a fire-maintained savanna. Oecologia 2009; 163:171-80. [PMID: 19921271 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-009-1502-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gwenllian D Iacona
- Department of Wildlife Ecology and Conservation, University of Florida, PO Box 110430, Gainesville, FL 32611-0430, USA.
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Vasconcelos HL, Pacheco R, Silva RC, Vasconcelos PB, Lopes CT, Costa AN, Bruna EM. Dynamics of the leaf-litter arthropod fauna following fire in a neotropical woodland savanna. PLoS One 2009; 4:e7762. [PMID: 19898619 PMCID: PMC2768909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0007762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Fire is an important agent of disturbance in tropical savannas, but relatively few studies have analyzed how soil-and-litter dwelling arthropods respond to fire disturbance despite the critical role these organisms play in nutrient cycling and other biogeochemical processes. Following the incursion of a fire into a woodland savanna ecological reserve in Central Brazil, we monitored the dynamics of litter-arthropod populations for nearly two years in one burned and one unburned area of the reserve. We also performed a reciprocal transplant experiment to determine the effects of fire and litter type on the dynamics of litter colonization by arthropods. Overall arthropod abundance, the abundance of individual taxa, the richness of taxonomic groups, and the species richness of individual taxa (Formiciade) were lower in the burned site. However, both the ordinal-level composition of the litter arthropod fauna and the species-level composition of the litter ant fauna were not dramatically different in the burned and unburned sites. There is evidence that seasonality of rainfall interacts with fire, as differences in arthropod abundance and diversity were more pronounced in the dry than in the wet season. For many taxa the differences in abundance between burned and unburned sites were maintained even when controlling for litter availability and quality. In contrast, differences in abundance for Collembola, Formicidae, and Thysanoptera were only detected in the unmanipulated samples, which had a lower amount of litter in the burned than in the unburned site throughout most of our study period. Together these results suggest that arthropod density declines in fire-disturbed areas as a result of direct mortality, diminished resources (i.e., reduced litter cover) and less favorable microclimate (i.e., increased litter desiccation due to reduction in tree cover). Although these effects were transitory, there is evidence that the increasingly prevalent fire return interval of only 1-2 years may jeopardize the long-term conservation of litter arthropod communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heraldo L Vasconcelos
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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