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Caluête MEE, Nóbrega AJSD, Gouveia RDA, Galvão FRDO, Vaz LMM. Influência do estado nutricional na percepção da imagem corporal e autoestima de idosas. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE GERIATRIA E GERONTOLOGIA 2015. [DOI: 10.1590/1809-9823.2015.14062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJETIVO: Verificar a relação entre o índice de massa corpórea, a autoestima e a autoimagem corporal de idosas participantes de grupos da terceira idade. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal por amostragem casual e assistemática. Participaram do estudo 50 idosas residentes no município de João Pessoa-PB. As variáveis pesquisadas foram: sexo, idade, estado civil, renda, escolaridade e índice de massa corpórea. A análise da percepção da imagem corporal foi realizada utilizando-se a escala de nove silhuetas (Sorensen & Stunkard). Para avaliar a autoestima, utilizou-se a Escala de Autoestima de Rosenberg. RESULTADOS: Não se observou significância estatística entre as variáveis estudadas. A média de idade das idosas foi 72,12 (6,14). O índice de massa corpórea apresentou média de 26,91 Kg/m², sendo verificado excesso de peso em 51,02%; a maior parte das idosas (90,60%) apresentou autoestima satisfatória, embora mais da metade (79,31%) delas se encontrasse acima do peso ideal; 87,50% estavam insatisfeitas com seu próprio corpo devido ao excesso de peso. CONCLUSÃO: Embora os dados não tenham mostrado significância estatística entre as variáveis, os resultados sugerem que, apesar de a maioria das idosas estar com excesso de peso, a autoestima apresentou nível satisfatório, enquanto a percepção da autoimagem corporal foi insatisfatória.
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Dartois L, Gauthier É, Heitzmann J, Baglietto L, Michiels S, Mesrine S, Boutron-Ruault MC, Delaloge S, Ragusa S, Clavel-Chapelon F, Fagherazzi G. A comparison between different prediction models for invasive breast cancer occurrence in the French E3N cohort. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2015; 150:415-26. [PMID: 25744293 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-015-3321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer remains a global health concern with a lack of high discriminating prediction models. The k-nearest-neighbor algorithm (kNN) estimates individual risks using an intuitive tool. This study compares the performances of this approach with the Cox and the Gail models for the 5-year breast cancer risk prediction. The study included 64,995 women from the French E3N prospective cohort. The sample was divided into a learning (N = 51,821) series to learn the models using fivefold cross-validation and a validation (N = 13,174) series to evaluate them. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and the expected over observed number of cases (E/O) ratio were estimated. In the two series, 393 and 78 premenopausal and 537 and 98 postmenopausal breast cancers were diagnosed. The discrimination values of the best combinations of predictors obtained from cross-validation ranged from 0.59 to 0.60. In the validation series, the AUC values in premenopausal and postmenopausal women were 0.583 [0.520; 0.646] and 0.621 [0.563; 0.679] using the kNN and 0.565 [0.500; 0.631] and 0.617 [0.561; 0.673] using the Cox model. The E/O ratios were 1.26 and 1.28 in premenopausal women and 1.44 and 1.40 in postmenopausal women. The applied Gail model provided AUC values of 0.614 [0.554; 0.675] and 0.549 [0.495; 0.604] and E/O ratios of 0.78 and 1.12. This study shows that the prediction performances differed according to menopausal status when using parametric statistical tools. The k-nearest-neighbor approach performed well, and discrimination was improved in postmenopausal women compared with the Gail model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laureen Dartois
- Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale), Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), U1018, Team 9, 114 rue Édouard Vaillant, 94805, Villejuif Cedex, France
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Sutcliffe CG, Schultz K, Brannock JM, Giardiello FM, Platz EA. Do people know whether they are overweight? Concordance of self-reported, interviewer-observed, and measured body size. Cancer Causes Control 2014; 26:91-8. [PMID: 25376830 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-014-0487-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2014] [Accepted: 10/28/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate associations among self-reported, interviewer-observed, and measured body size in a healthcare setting. METHODS A total of 543 adult men and women undergoing colonoscopy were enrolled into a cross-sectional study conducted from 2002 to 2008 at the Johns Hopkins Hospital Outpatient Center. Self-reported and interviewer-observed Stunkard body size figure numbers and measured body mass index (BMI) were collected and evaluated. The body size figures and BMI were categorized as normal weight, overweight, and obese. RESULTS Correlation between self-reported and interviewer-observed body size figure numbers (r = 0.62) was lower than the correlation between self-reported (r = 0.72) or interviewer-observed (r = 0.84) body size figure number and BMI. Participants underestimated body size by about one figure compared with the interviewers (mean 0.92 ± 1.25). Agreement on normal weight, overweight, and obese between the interviewer-observed body size figures and BMI categories (kappa = 0.40) was higher than for the self-reported body size figures and BMI categories (kappa = 0.23). Among participants who judged themselves in the normal weight category by the figures, 38 and 13 % were overweight and obese, respectively, as measured by BMI. Among participants who judged themselves overweight by the body size figures, 57 % were obese as measured by BMI. CONCLUSIONS Although self-reported body size and measured body size were well correlated, participants underestimated their body size in comparison with interviewers. Many individuals misperceive themselves as normal weight when they are overweight or obese by BMI, which may hinder prevention and control efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Sutcliffe
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Room E6132, 615 N. Wolfe St., Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
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Niedźwiedzka E, Długosz A, Wądołowska L. Validity of self-reported height and weight in elderly Poles. Nutr Res Pract 2014; 9:319-27. [PMID: 26060545 PMCID: PMC4460065 DOI: 10.4162/nrp.2015.9.3.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2014] [Revised: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES In nutritional epidemiology, collecting self-reported respondent height and weight is a simpler procedure of data collection than taking measurements. The aim of this study was to compare self-reported and measured height and weight and to evaluate the possibility of using self-reported estimates in the assessment of nutritional status of elderly Poles aged 65 + years. SUBJECTS/METHODS The research was carried out in elderly Poles aged 65 + years. Respondents were chosen using a quota sampling. The total sample numbered 394 participants and the sub-sample involved 102 participants. Self-reported weight (non-corrected self-reported weight; non-cSrW) and height estimates (non-corrected self-reported height; non-cSrH) were collected. The measurements of weight (measured weight; mW) and height (measured height; mH) were taken. Using multiple regression equations, the corrected self-reported weight (cSrW) and height (cSrH) estimates were calculated. RESULTS Non-cSrH was higher than mH in men on average by 2.4 cm and in women on average by 2.3 cm. In comparison to mW, non-cSrW was higher in men on average by 0.7 kg, while in women no significant difference was found (mean difference of 0.4 kg). In comparison to mBMI, non-cSrBMI was lower on average by 0.6 kg/m2 in men and 0.7 kg/m2 in women. No differences were observed in overweight and obesity incidence when determined by mBMI (68% and 19%, respectively), non-cSrBMI (62% and 14%, respectively), cSrBMI (70% and 22%, respectively) and pcSrBMI (67% and 18%, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Since the results showed that the estimated self-reported heights, weights and BMI were accurate, the assessment of overweight and obesity incidence was accurate as well. The use of self-reported height and weight in the nutritional status assessment of elderly Poles on a population level is therefore recommended. On an individual level, the use of regression equations is recommended to correct self-reported height, particularly in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Niedźwiedzka
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazuryul, Słoneczna 44a 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Anna Długosz
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazuryul, Słoneczna 44a 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Lidia Wądołowska
- Department of Human Nutrition, University of Warmia and Mazuryul, Słoneczna 44a 10-718 Olsztyn, Poland
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Xie YJ, Ho SC, Liu ZM, Hui SSC. Comparisons of measured and self-reported anthropometric variables and blood pressure in a sample of Hong Kong female nurses. PLoS One 2014; 9:e107233. [PMID: 25222707 PMCID: PMC4164524 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0107233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2014] [Accepted: 08/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To assess the validity of self-reported weight, height, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference and blood pressure compared with standardized clinical measurements and to determine the classification accuracy in overweight/obesity and central adiposity. Methods This pilot study was integrated into a life-course study entitled “Hong Kong Women's Health Study” among 1,253 female nurses in Hong Kong who were aged 35 years to 65 years. Data were collected from self-administered questionnaires that were mailed to the respondents. Of these participants, we obtained the standard body measurements of 144 (11.5%) at our research center. We then compared the self-reported anthropometric variables and blood pressure with the measured data to assess validity based on the level of misreporting, percentage of agreement, consistency, sensitivity and specificity. Results The self-reported and measured values were highly correlated in terms of anthropometry and blood pressure (correlation coefficients ranged from 0.72 to 0.96). Height was overestimated at an average of 0.42 cm, and waist circumference was underestimated at 2.33 cm (both P<0.05), while no significant differences were observed from weight, blood pressure and BMI (all P>0.05). The proportions of overweight, obesity, and central adiposity by self-reported data did not vary greatly from the measured data (all P>0.05). The self-reporting resulted in correct classifications of BMI, waist circumference, and systolic blood pressure in 85%, 78%, and 87% of women, with corresponding Kappa index values of 0.79, 0.55, and 0.82, respectively. Sensitivity and specificity were 84.6% and 95.7%, respectively, with respect to overweight/obesity detection, whereas those for central adiposity detection were 70.6% and 83.8%, respectively. Conclusion In a sample of female Hong Kong nurses, the self-reported measures of height, weight, BMI, waist circumference and blood pressure were generally valid. Furthermore, the classification accuracies of overweight/obesity and central adiposity were acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Jie Xie
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Suzanne C. Ho
- Division of Epidemiology, The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Zhao Min Liu
- Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Stanley Sai-Chuen Hui
- Department of Sports Science and Physical Education, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Clavel-Chapelon F. Cohort Profile: The French E3N Cohort Study. Int J Epidemiol 2014; 44:801-9. [PMID: 25212479 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyu184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The E3N (Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale) cohort was initiated in 1990 to investigate therisk factors associated with cancer and other major non-communicable diseases in women. The participants were insured through a national health system that primarily covered teachers, and were enrolled from 1990 after returning baseline self-administered questionnaires and providing informed consent. The cohort comprised nearly 100,000 women with baseline ages ranging from 40 to 65 years. Follow-up questionnaires were sent approximately every 2-3 years after the baseline and addressed general and lifestyle characteristics together with medical events (cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, depression, fractures and asthma, among others). The follow-up questionnaire response rate remained stable at approximately 80%. A biological material bank was generated and included blood samples collected from 25,000 women and saliva samples from an additional 47,000 women. Ageing among the E3N cohort provided the opportunity to investigate factors related to age-related diseases and conditions as well as disease survival. The new E4N complementary cohort (Epidemiology 4 kNowledge), which comprises the children and grandchildren of the E3N cohort as well as the children's fathers, will allow researchers to investigate key life periods during which exposures to environmental factors most strongly influence the later disease risk. The E3N and E4N cohort data will be used to investigate diseases and risk factors through a transgenerational approach. Requests for collaborations are welcome, particularly those in conjunction with rare diseases.
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Lajous M, Bijon A, Fagherazzi G, Rossignol E, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F. Processed and unprocessed red meat consumption and hypertension in women. Am J Clin Nutr 2014; 100:948-52. [PMID: 25080454 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.113.080598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High processed red meat consumption is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular disease. The high sodium content of processed red meat could increase blood pressure and explain the association with cardiovascular disease. OBJECTIVE We evaluated the relation between the consumption of unprocessed and processed red meat and incident hypertension. DESIGN In a prospective cohort of 44,616 disease-free French women who responded to a validated dietary questionnaire, we observed 10,256 incident cases of hypertension between 1993 and 2008. Cases were identified through self-reports of diagnosed or treated hypertension. Multivariate Cox regression models were adjusted for age, education, smoking, physical activity, body mass index, menopause, menopausal hormone therapy, and alcohol, bread, coffee, and fruit and vegetable consumption. RESULTS Women who consumed ≥5 servings of processed red meat/wk (50 g = 1 serving) had a 17% higher rate of hypertension than that of women who consumed <1 serving/wk (HR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.09, 1.26; P-trend = 0.0002). No association was observed between unprocessed red meat consumption and hypertension. When women who consumed ≥5 servings of unprocessed red meat/wk (100 g = 1 serving) were compared with women who consumed <1 serving unprocessed red meat/wk, the multivariate HR was 0.99 (95% CI: 0.91, 1.08; P-trend = 0.63). CONCLUSIONS In this large prospective cohort of French women, we observed an association between the consumption of processed red meat and hypertension. We observed no association for unprocessed red meat consumption and hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Lajous
- From the Center for Research on Population Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México (ML); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (ML); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unit 1018, Villejuif, France (ML, AB, GF, ER, M-CB-R, and FC-C); and the Paris-South University, Unité Mixte de Recherche et de Service 1018, Villejuif, France (AB, GF, ER, M-CB-R, and FC-C)
| | - Anne Bijon
- From the Center for Research on Population Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México (ML); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (ML); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unit 1018, Villejuif, France (ML, AB, GF, ER, M-CB-R, and FC-C); and the Paris-South University, Unité Mixte de Recherche et de Service 1018, Villejuif, France (AB, GF, ER, M-CB-R, and FC-C)
| | - Guy Fagherazzi
- From the Center for Research on Population Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México (ML); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (ML); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unit 1018, Villejuif, France (ML, AB, GF, ER, M-CB-R, and FC-C); and the Paris-South University, Unité Mixte de Recherche et de Service 1018, Villejuif, France (AB, GF, ER, M-CB-R, and FC-C)
| | - Emilie Rossignol
- From the Center for Research on Population Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México (ML); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (ML); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unit 1018, Villejuif, France (ML, AB, GF, ER, M-CB-R, and FC-C); and the Paris-South University, Unité Mixte de Recherche et de Service 1018, Villejuif, France (AB, GF, ER, M-CB-R, and FC-C)
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- From the Center for Research on Population Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México (ML); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (ML); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unit 1018, Villejuif, France (ML, AB, GF, ER, M-CB-R, and FC-C); and the Paris-South University, Unité Mixte de Recherche et de Service 1018, Villejuif, France (AB, GF, ER, M-CB-R, and FC-C)
| | - Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
- From the Center for Research on Population Health, Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, México (ML); the Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA (ML); the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, Unit 1018, Villejuif, France (ML, AB, GF, ER, M-CB-R, and FC-C); and the Paris-South University, Unité Mixte de Recherche et de Service 1018, Villejuif, France (AB, GF, ER, M-CB-R, and FC-C)
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Perquier F, Lasfargues A, Mesrine S, Clavel-Chapelon F, Fagherazzi G. Body-size throughout life and risk of depression in postmenopausal women: findings from the E3N cohort. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2014; 22:1926-34. [PMID: 24895241 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2013] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/27/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association of body-size from childhood to age 40 with depression in postmenopausal French women. METHODS Participants of the E3N study reported birth characteristics and silhouettes matching theirs at age 8, at puberty, at 20-25, and 35-40 years (n = 41,144). Depression was assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale and split into new-onset and recurrent depression according to women's history of psychological disorder. Risks were estimated with multinomial logistic regression models. RESULTS Low or high birth weights were associated with risk of depression. A large body-size at age 8 and a large body-size over the life-course were both associated with the risk of new-onset depression specifically, while women with a large body-size increase at puberty were at risk of recurrent depression. Largest body-sizes at 20-25 or 35-40 years were associated with both the risk of new-onset and recurrent depression, especially in normal weight women. However, a lean silhouette at 35-40 years was associated with the risk of recurrent depression only. CONCLUSIONS Women with a large body-size from childhood to adulthood might be at higher risk of new-onset postmenopausal depression, while leanness in adulthood could be associated with a higher risk of recurrent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Perquier
- Inserm, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, U1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France; Université Paris-Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94805, Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
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Kvaskoff M, Bijon A, Mesrine S, Vilier A, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC. Anthropometric features and cutaneous melanoma risk: a prospective cohort study in French women. Cancer Epidemiol 2014; 38:357-63. [PMID: 24986641 DOI: 10.1016/j.canep.2014.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies on anthropometric features and cutaneous melanoma risk in women yielded inconsistent results, with few analyses involving prospective cohort data. Our objective was to explore several anthropometric characteristics in relation to the risk of melanoma in women. METHODS We prospectively analysed data from E3N, a French cohort involving 98,995 women born in 1925-1950. Participants completed self-administered questionnaires sent biennially over 1990-2008. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were computed using Cox proportional hazards regression models, adjusted for age, number of naevi, freckling, skin and hair colour, skin sensitivity to sun exposure, residential sun exposure, and physical activity. RESULTS Height was positively associated with melanoma in age-adjusted models only (RR=1.27, 95% CI=1.05-1.55 for ≥ 164 cm vs. <160 cm; P for trend=0.02). After full adjustment, there was a significantly positive relationship between sitting-to-standing height ratio and melanoma risk (RR=1.40, 95% CI=1.06-1.86 for ≥ 0.533 vs. <0.518; P for trend=0.02). A large body shape at menarche was inversely associated with the risk of melanoma (RR=0.78, 95% CI=0.62-0.98; compared with lean). However, weight, body mass index, body surface area, waist or hip circumference, sitting height or leg length were not significantly associated with risk. CONCLUSION These results suggest that height, sitting-to-standing height ratio and body shape at menarche may be associated with melanoma risk. Further research is required to confirm these relationships and better understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kvaskoff
- Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), "Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health" Team, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Univ. Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Anne Bijon
- Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), "Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health" Team, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Univ. Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Sylvie Mesrine
- Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), "Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health" Team, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Univ. Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Alice Vilier
- Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), "Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health" Team, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Univ. Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
- Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), "Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health" Team, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Univ. Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), "Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health" Team, F-94805 Villejuif, France; Univ. Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807 Villejuif, France; Gustave Roussy, F-94805 Villejuif, France.
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Body image satisfaction and depression in midlife women: the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN). Arch Womens Ment Health 2014; 17:177-87. [PMID: 24623160 PMCID: PMC4026204 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-014-0416-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
With aging, women's bodies undergo changes that can affect body image perception, yet little is known about body image in midlife. The purpose of this study was to examine associations between body image and depressive symptoms in Caucasian and African-American midlife women from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN) Chicago site. Body image was measured using the Stunkard Adult Female Figure Rating Scale, and a clinically significant level of depressive symptoms was defined as Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score of ≥16 (N=405; N=63 (15.6%) with clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms). Differences between perceived actual, perceived ideal, and actual body size and responses to questions concerning weight satisfaction and attractiveness were examined using logistic regression for associations with a CES-D score of ≥16. Women with body image dissatisfaction (odds ratio (OR)=1.91; p=0.04) or who perceived themselves as "unattractive" (OR=7.74; p<0.01) had higher odds of CES-D of ≥16. We found no significant difference by race. Our results were not confounded by BMI. These results suggest that midlife women with poor body image may be more likely to have clinically significant levels of depressive symptoms. Larger prospective studies are needed to better understand this association.
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Kvaskoff M, Bijon A, Mesrine S, Vilier A, Baglietto L, Fournier A, Clavel-Chapelon F, Dossus L, Boutron-Ruault MC. Association between melanocytic nevi and risk of breast diseases: The French E3N prospective cohort. PLoS Med 2014; 11:e1001660. [PMID: 24915306 PMCID: PMC4051602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1001660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While melanocytic nevi have been associated with genetic factors and childhood sun exposure, several observations also suggest a potential hormonal influence on nevi. To test the hypothesis that nevi are associated with breast tumor risk, we explored the relationships between number of nevi and benign and malignant breast disease risk. METHODS AND FINDINGS We prospectively analyzed data from E3N, a cohort of French women aged 40-65 y at inclusion in 1990. Number of nevi was collected at inclusion. Hazard ratios (HRs) for breast cancer and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Associations of number of nevi with personal history of benign breast disease (BBD) and family history of breast cancer were estimated using logistic regression. Over the period 15 June 1990-15 June 2008, 5,956 incident breast cancer cases (including 5,245 invasive tumors) were ascertained among 89,902 women. In models adjusted for age, education, and known breast cancer risk factors, women with "very many" nevi had a significantly higher breast cancer risk (HR = 1.13, 95% CI = 1.01-1.27 versus "none"; ptrend = 0.04), although significance was lost after adjustment for personal history of BBD or family history of breast cancer. The 10-y absolute risk of invasive breast cancer increased from 3,749 per 100,000 women without nevi to 4,124 (95% CI = 3,674-4,649) per 100,000 women with "very many" nevi. The association was restricted to premenopausal women (HR = 1.40, ptrend = 0.01), even after full adjustment (HR = 1.34, ptrend = 0.03; phomogeneity = 0.04), but did not differ according to breast cancer type or hormone receptor status. In addition, we observed significantly positive dose-response relationships between number of nevi and history of biopsy-confirmed BBD (n = 5,169; ptrend<0.0001) and family history of breast cancer in first-degree relatives (n = 7,472; ptrend = 0.0003). The main limitations of our study include self-report of number of nevi using a qualitative scale, and self-reported history of biopsied BBD. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest associations between number of nevi and the risk of premenopausal breast cancer, BBD, and family history of breast cancer. More research is warranted to elucidate these relationships and to understand their underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kvaskoff
- “Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health” Team, Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
- Cancer Control Group, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, Queensland, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Anne Bijon
- “Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health” Team, Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Sylvie Mesrine
- “Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health” Team, Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Alice Vilier
- “Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health” Team, Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Laura Baglietto
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council of Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, School of Population Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Agnès Fournier
- “Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health” Team, Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
- “Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health” Team, Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Laure Dossus
- “Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health” Team, Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- “Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health” Team, Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), F-94805, Villejuif, France
- Université Paris Sud 11, UMRS 1018, F-94807, Villejuif, France
- Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
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Gianfrancesco MA, Acuna B, Shen L, Briggs FBS, Quach H, Bellesis KH, Bernstein A, Hedstrom AK, Kockum I, Alfredsson L, Olsson T, Schaefer C, Barcellos LF. Obesity during childhood and adolescence increases susceptibility to multiple sclerosis after accounting for established genetic and environmental risk factors. Obes Res Clin Pract 2014; 8:e435-47. [PMID: 25263833 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2014.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2013] [Revised: 12/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between obesity and multiple sclerosis (MS) while accounting for established genetic and environmental risk factors. METHODS Participants included members of Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Plan, Northern California Region (KPNC) (1235 MS cases and 697 controls). Logistic regression models were used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Body mass index (BMI) or body size was the primary predictor of each model. Both incident and prevalent MS cases were studied. RESULTS In analyses stratified by gender, being overweight at ages 10 and 20 were associated with MS in females (p<0.01). Estimates trended in the same direction for males, but were not significant. BMI in 20s demonstrated a linear relationship with MS (p-trend=9.60×10(-4)), and a twofold risk of MS for females with a BMI≥30kg/m(2) was observed (OR=2.15, 95% CI 1.18, 3.92). Significant associations between BMI in 20s and MS in males were not observed. Multivariate modelling demonstrated that significant associations between BMI or body size with MS in females persisted after adjusting for history of infectious mononucleosis and genetic risk factors, including HLA-DRB1*15:01 and established non-HLA risk alleles. INTERPRETATION Results show that childhood and adolescence obesity confer increased risk of MS in females beyond established heritable and environmental risk factors. Strong evidence for a dose-effect of BMI in 20s and MS was observed. The magnitude of BMI association with MS is as large as other known MS risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena A Gianfrancesco
- Division of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Brigid Acuna
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Ling Shen
- Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States
| | - Farren B S Briggs
- Division of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | - Hong Quach
- Division of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States
| | | | | | - Anna K Hedstrom
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Kockum
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Centre for Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Stockholm County Council, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tomas Olsson
- Neuroimmunology Unit, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Lisa F Barcellos
- Division of Epidemiology, Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Laboratory, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States; Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Oakland, CA, United States.
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Berge JM, Bauer KW, MacLehose R, Eisenberg ME, Neumark-Sztainer D. Associations between relationship status and day-to-day health behaviors and weight among diverse young adults. FAMILIES, SYSTEMS & HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF COLLABORATIVE FAMILY HEALTHCARE 2014; 32:67-77. [PMID: 24417654 PMCID: PMC4074022 DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous research has shown strong positive associations between physical and psychological health outcomes and being in a committed relationship, such as marriage; however, little research has investigated whether being in a committed relationship is protective for day-to-day health behaviors such as dietary patterns and physical activity. This research examined associations between relationship status and day-to-day health behaviors (e.g., dietary intake, physical activity) and weight status among a diverse cohort of young adults. This cross-sectional study used data from Project EAT-III, a 10-year longitudinal population-based study (N = 1,853) of Midwest young adults. Young adult participants had an average age of 25.3 years, and were 45% male and 55% female. Participants were socioeconomically and racially/ethnically diverse, including 48.4% White, 18.6% African American, 5.9% Hispanic, 19.6% Asian, 3.3% Native American, and 4.2% mixed or other race/ethnicity. Results indicated that married men were more likely to be overweight/obese (body mass index ≥ 25) compared with single/casually dating and committed dating/engaged men. Married women were more likely to eat breakfast ≥5 times per week compared with women in other relationship categories. No differences were observed in other health behaviors by relationship status. There were no significant interactions by race/ethnicity. Relationship status seems largely unrelated to young adults' participation in physical activity and dietary behaviors. However, findings suggest that being married may be a risk factor for overweight/obesity in young adult men and may be a protective factor for health-related behaviors associated with overweight/obesity such as breakfast intake for young adult women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerica M. Berge
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health
| | | | - Rich MacLehose
- University of Minnesota, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health
| | - Marla E. Eisenberg
- University of Minnesota, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health
- University of Minnesota, Division of Adolescent Health and Medicine
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Amadou A, Torres Mejia G, Fagherazzi G, Ortega C, Angeles-Llerenas A, Chajes V, Biessy C, Sighoko D, Hainaut P, Romieu I. Anthropometry, silhouette trajectory, and risk of breast cancer in Mexican women. Am J Prev Med 2014; 46:S52-64. [PMID: 24512931 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2013.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity has been associated with breast cancer risk in the Caucasian population but the association remains unclear in the Hispanics. Previous studies conducted among Hispanics in the U.S. have shown inconsistent results. PURPOSE The association between anthropometry, body shape evolution across lifetime, and the risk of breast cancer was assessed using a multi-center population-based case-control study conducted in Mexico. METHODS One thousand incident cases and 1074 matched control women aged 35-69 years were recruited between 2004 and 2007, and analyzed in 2011-2012. Conditional logistic regression models were used. RESULTS Height was related to an increased risk of breast cancer in both premenopausal (p trend=0.03) and postmenopausal women (p trend=0.002). In premenopausal women, increase in BMI; waist circumference (WC); hip circumference (HC); and waist-hip ratio (WHR) were inversely associated with breast cancer risk (p trends<0.001 for BMI and WC, 0.003 for HC, and 0.016 for WHR). In postmenopausal women, decreased risks were observed for increased WC (p trend=0.004) and HC (p trend=0.009) among women with time since menopause <10 years. Further analysis of body shape evolution throughout life showed strong and significant increase in risk of breast cancer among women with increasing silhouettes size over time compared to women with no or limited increase. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that anthropometric factors may have different associations with breast cancer risk in Hispanic women than in Caucasian women. This study also shows the importance of considering the evolution of body shape throughout life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amina Amadou
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section/Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer
| | | | - Guy Fagherazzi
- Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, French Institute of Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France
| | - Caro Ortega
- Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | | | - Veronique Chajes
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section/Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer
| | - Carine Biessy
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section/Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer
| | - Dominique Sighoko
- Department of Medicine, Hem/Onc Section, Center for Clinical Cancer Genetics Global Health, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Pierre Hainaut
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section/Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer; International Prevention Research Institute, Lyon
| | - Isabelle Romieu
- Nutrition and Metabolism Section/Epidemiology Group, International Agency for Research on Cancer.
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65
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Dartois L, Fagherazzi G, Boutron-Ruault MC, Mesrine S, Clavel-Chapelon F. Association between Five Lifestyle Habits and Cancer Risk: Results from the E3N Cohort. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:516-25. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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66
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Is he a healthy weight? Exposure to obesity changes perception of the weight status of others. Int J Obes (Lond) 2013; 38:663-7. [PMID: 23949613 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2013.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2013] [Revised: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of obesity has increased dramatically in recent years. As exposure to obesity increases, perceptions of what is a 'normal' weight are likely to change and this may result in overweight and obese people being perceived as healthier weights than they actually are. We tested whether exposure to obesity results in individuals being more likely to perceive an overweight person as being of healthy weight and whether this would impact upon evaluations of whether an overweight person should consider losing weight. METHODS Across three experiments with over 350 participants, we examined the effect that exposing participants to photographs of either obese or healthy weight young males had on visual judgements of whether an overweight young male was of healthy weight. We also tested whether exposure influenced participants' perceptions of what a 'normal' weight is, as we predicted that this might mediate the effect that obesity exposure has on weight perceptions. RESULTS In all studies, exposure to obesity resulted in an overweight male being perceived to be of healthier weight. There was also evidence that this effect was explained by changes to perceptions of what is a 'normal' weight (Experiment 2). Obesity exposure also resulted in participants being more likely to believe that an overweight person did not need to consider losing weight (Experiment 3). CONCLUSIONS These findings provide causal evidence that perceptions of weight and health status are strongly influenced by the body weight of the people we see around us.
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Lam TK, Moore SC, Brinton LA, Smith L, Hollenbeck AR, Gierach GL, Freedman ND. Anthropometric measures and physical activity and the risk of lung cancer in never-smokers: a prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e70672. [PMID: 23940620 PMCID: PMC3734257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0070672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 06/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, lung cancer in never-smokers is ranked the seventh most common cause of cancer death; however, the etiology of lung cancer in never-smokers is unclear. We investigated associations for body mass index (BMI) at various ages, waist circumference, hip circumference, and physical activity with lung cancer in 158,415 never-smokers of the NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study. Multivariable hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated from Cox proportional hazards models. Over 11 years of follow-up, 532 lung cancer cases occurred. The risk estimate for obese (BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2)) participants at baseline was 1.21 (95%CI = 0.95-1.53) relative to those with a normal BMI between 18.5 ≤ BMI<25.0. Overweight (25.0 ≤ BMI<30.0) at age 18 (HR(overweight-vs-normal) = 1.51;95%CI = 1.01-2.26) and time spent sitting (HR(≥ 3 hrs-vs-<3 hrs) = 1.32;95%CI = 1.00-1.73) was each associated with lung cancer after adjustment for baseline BMI, as was waist (HR(Q4-vs-Q1) = 1.75;95%CI = 1.09-2.79) and hip circumference (HRQ4-vs-Q1 = 0.62;95%CI = 0.39-0.99), after mutual adjustment for each other and baseline BMI. No associations were observed for vigorous activity or television watching. In summary, using a large prospective cohort study, we found no evidence that BMI at baseline or middle age was associated with decreased lung cancer risk in never smokers. If anything, we observed some evidence for positive associations with a larger BMI or waist circumference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tram Kim Lam
- Genetic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Because endometriosis is diagnosed predominantly in young women, exposures occurring during childhood or adolescence may have a major impact on the disease. However, potential risk factors during this time period have received little attention. Our objective was to investigate relationships between childhood and adolescent exposures and the risk of endometriosis. METHODS E3N is a prospective cohort of 98,995 French women aged 40-65 at enrollment in 1990. Follow-up questionnaires were sent every 2-3 years. Using a nested case-control design, we computed odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals using unconditional logistic regression models. RESULTS A total of 2684 endometriosis cases were reported as surgically ascertained among the 75,918 included women. There were inverse relationships of endometriosis risk with menarcheal age (test for trend, P < 0.0001) and with menstrual cycle length before 17 years of age (test for trend, P = 0.06), whereas menstrual cycle regularity before 17 years of age was not associated with risk. There were modest associations of endometriosis risk with exposure to pet animals (OR = 1.12 [95% confidence interval =1.02-1.22]) or living in a farm for 3 or more consecutive months during childhood (1.12 [1.02-1.24]), although with no link to any specific type of farm animal. In addition, there were positive linear associations between endometriosis risk and level of indoor exposure to passive smoking during childhood (up to 1.34 [1.09-1.64] with several hours exposure a day), experiencing food deprivation during World War II (1.34 [0.94-1.91]), and walking activity at 8-15 years of age (1.17 [1.05-1.31] for 5+ hours a week). CONCLUSIONS This large study suggests that some exposures during childhood or adolescence may influence the risk of endometriosis. Further research is needed to confirm and better understand these relationships.
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Fagherazzi G, Vilier A, Balkau B, Clavel-Chapelon F, Magliano DJ. Anthropometrics, body shape over 12 years and risk of cancer events in pre- and post-menopausal women. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:740-8. [PMID: 23364907 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Studies of anthropometry and cancer have focused on body mass index (BMI). Relations between weight, waist (WC) and hip circumferences (HC), birth length and adult height with cancer are less well studied. Women from the French E3N study, born between 1925 and 1950, were followed biennially from 1995 until 2008. Body shape was classed into four groups based on median WC and HC at baseline. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated by Cox proportional hazards regression models. Over the 12 years of follow-up, 7,247 of 63,798 women developed cancer. As WC increased, we found a trend for decreasing cancer risk in pre-menopausal women, which reversed to an increasing risk in post-menopausal women. This remained unchanged after further adjustment for HC /or height [HR: 0.72 (0.52-1.00) before menopause and 1.17 (1.04-1.31) in the 5th vs. 1st quintile of HC], and were similar after exclusion of breast cancer. We showed that large body shape decreased cancer risk before menopause and increased it after [HR: 0.87 (0.73-1.02) and 1.11 (1.04-1.17), respectively, in women with large waist and hips compared to small waist and hips]. Adult height was associated with an non-significant increase in cancer in pre-menopause and a significant cancer risk in menopause, independent of other anthropometric characteristics [5th vs. 1st quintile [HR: 1.24 (0.98-1.56) and 1.20 (1.10-1.30)], respectively as was long birth length in post-menopausal women [HR: 1.18 (1.07-1.30) compared to medium birth length]. These results suggest independent roles of height and WC on cancer risk, through different pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Fagherazzi
- Inserm, Centre for research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), CESP U1018, Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health team, F-94805, Villejuif, France
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Eisenberg ME, Berge JM, Neumark-Sztainer D. Dieting and encouragement to diet by significant others: associations with disordered eating in young adults. Am J Health Promot 2013; 27:370-7. [PMID: 23398133 DOI: 10.4278/ajhp.120120-quan-57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Examine the role of perceived significant other's modeling or encouragement of dieting in young adults' disordered eating behaviors. DESIGN Online survey data were collected (2008-2009) as part of an ongoing study examining weight and related issues in young people. SETTING Participants were originally recruited as students at middle and high schools in Minnesota (1998-1999). SUBJECTS One thousand two hundred ninety-four young adults (mean age 25.3, 55% female, 50% white) with significant others. MEASURES Participants were asked if their significant other diets or encourages them to diet. Behaviors included unhealthy weight control, extreme weight control, and binge eating. ANALYSIS General linear models estimated the predicted probability of using each behavior across levels of significant other's dieting or encouraging dieting, stratifying by gender, and adjusting for demographics and body mass index. RESULTS Perceived dieting and encouragement to diet by significant others were common. Disordered eating behaviors were positively associated with significant other's dieting and encouragement to diet, particularly for females. In models including both perceived dieting and encouragement, encouragement remained significantly associated with disordered eating. For example, women's binge eating was almost doubled if their significant other encouraged dieting "very much" (25.5%) compared to "not at all" (13.6%, p = .015). CONCLUSION There is a strong association between disordered eating behaviors and perceived modeling and encouragement to diet by significant others in young adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla E Eisenberg
- Division of Adolescent Health and Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA.
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Bucchianeri MM, Arikian AJ, Hannan PJ, Eisenberg ME, Neumark-Sztainer D. Body dissatisfaction from adolescence to young adulthood: findings from a 10-year longitudinal study. Body Image 2013; 10:1-7. [PMID: 23084464 PMCID: PMC3814026 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 281] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Given mixed findings regarding the unique trajectories of female and male adolescents' body dissatisfaction over time, comprehensive longitudinal examinations are needed. This 10-year longitudinal, population-based study, with 1902 participants from diverse ethnic/racial and socioeconomic backgrounds in the Minneapolis/St. Paul metropolitan area, examined changes in body dissatisfaction from adolescence to young adulthood. Results revealed that: (a) female and male participants' body dissatisfaction increased between middle and high school, (b) body dissatisfaction increased further during the transition to young adulthood, and (c) this increase was associated with an increase in BMI over time, such that the upward trend in body dissatisfaction became nonsignificant when BMI was controlled. These results highlight a trend in which diverse female and male youth are increasingly dissatisfied with their bodies as their BMI increases from middle school to young adulthood, and emphasize the need for targeted prevention efforts to intervene in this trajectory and mitigate potential harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela M Bucchianeri
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA.
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Berge JM, Wickel K, Doherty WJ. The individual and combined influence of the "quality" and "quantity" of family meals on adult body mass index. FAMILIES, SYSTEMS & HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF COLLABORATIVE FAMILY HEALTHCARE 2012; 30:344-351. [PMID: 23148980 PMCID: PMC3607495 DOI: 10.1037/a0030660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Although there is a well-established literature showing a positive association between the frequency of family meals and child and adolescent healthful dietary intake and lower body mass index (BMI), little is known about the association between family meal frequency (quantity) and adult health outcomes and whether quality (distractions) of family meals influences adult BMI. This study investigates the association between the quantity and quality of family meals and adult BMI. Data were from a nationally representative sample of 4,885 adults ages 25 to 64 years (56% female), from which an analytic sample of 1,779 parents was drawn for the current study. Multiple linear regression was used to test the relationship between family meal frequency and quality of family meals and adult BMI, controlling for sociodemographics. Interactions between family meal quantity and quality were also examined. The quantity of family meals and the quality of family meals were both independently related to adult BMI. Specifically, the frequency of family meals was associated with lower adult BMI and lower quality of family meals was associated with higher adult BMI. The interaction between quantity and quality was not statistically significant. Results suggest that both the quantity and quality of family meals matter for adult BMI, but one is not dependent on the other. Health care providers who work with families may want to consider promoting the importance of the quality and quantity of family meals to benefit the entire family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerica M Berge
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
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Thoma ME, Hediger ML, Sundaram R, Stanford JB, Peterson CM, Croughan MS, Chen Z, Buck Louis GM. Comparing apples and pears: women's perceptions of their body size and shape. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2012; 21:1074-81. [PMID: 22873752 PMCID: PMC3466911 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2012.3634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a growing public health problem among reproductive-aged women, with consequences for chronic disease risk and reproductive and obstetric morbidities. Evidence also suggests that body shape (i.e., regional fat distribution) may be independently associated with risk, yet it is not known if women adequately perceive their shape. This study aimed to assess the validity of self-reported body size and shape figure drawings when compared to anthropometric measures among reproductive-aged women. METHODS Self-reported body size was ascertained using the Stunkard nine-level figures and self-reported body shape using stylized pear, hourglass, rectangle, and apple figures. Anthropometry was performed by trained researchers. Body size and body mass index (BMI) were compared using Spearman's correlation coefficient. Fat distribution indicators were compared across body shapes for nonobese and obese women using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher's exact test. Percent agreement and kappa statistics were computed for apple and pear body shapes. RESULTS The 131 women studied were primarily Caucasian (81%), aged 32 years, with a mean BMI of 27.1 kg/m(2) (range 16.6-52.8 kg/m(2)). The correlation between body size and BMI was 0.85 (p<0.001). Among nonobese women, waist-to-hip ratios (WHR) were 0.75, 0.75, 0.80, and 0.82 for pear, hourglass, rectangle, and apple, respectively (p<0.001). Comparing apples and pears, the percent agreement (kappa) for WHR≥0.80 was 83% (0.55). CONCLUSIONS Self-reported size and shape were consistent with anthropometric measures commonly used to assess obesity and fat distribution, respectively. Self-reported body shape may be a useful proxy measure in addition to body size in large-scale surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie E Thoma
- Division of Epidemiology, Statistics, and Prevention Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
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74
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Dossus L, Kvaskoff M, Bijon A, Fervers B, Boutron-Ruault MC, Mesrine S, Clavel-Chapelon F. Determinants of age at menarche and time to menstrual cycle regularity in the French E3N cohort. Ann Epidemiol 2012; 22:723-30. [PMID: 22902044 DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2012.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 07/13/2012] [Accepted: 07/17/2012] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Early menarche has been associated with a greater risk of several major chronic diseases. Although largely genetically determined, age at menarche also has been related to environmental and lifestyle factors. METHODS Using linear regression models, we explored simultaneously several pre- and postnatal factors as potential determinants of age at menarche and time to menstrual cycle regularity in 96,493 women participating, since 1990, in the French E3N prospective cohort. RESULTS Younger age at recruitment, greater father's income index, urban birth place, greater birth length, and larger body silhouette during childhood were associated with an earlier age at menarche (from -1.3 to -4.6 months, P(trend) < .0001) whereas greater family size, food deprivation during childhood, and greater birth weight resulted in a delayed menarche (from +1.5 months to +5.3 months, P(trend) < .0001). Father's income index, urban birth place, and prematurity predicted a shorter time to menstrual cycle regularity (from -1.1 to -1.9 months, P(trend) < .04), whereas birth cohort, larger body silhouette at menarche, and childhood exposure to passive smoking were associated with a longer time to menstrual cycle regularity (from +1.1 months to +8.6 months, P(trend) < .006). CONCLUSIONS Age at menarche and menstrual cycle regularity are significantly influenced by several individual, environmental and lifestyle factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laure Dossus
- Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Nutrition, Hormones and Women's Health Team, Institut Gustave Roussy, F-94805, Villejuif, France
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Menopausal hormone therapy and risks of colorectal adenomas and cancers in the French E3N prospective cohort: true associations or bias? Eur J Epidemiol 2012; 27:439-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s10654-012-9694-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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76
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Fagherazzi G, Vilier A, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F, Mesrine S. Height, Sitting Height, and Leg Length in Relation with Breast Cancer Risk in the E3N Cohort. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2012; 21:1171-5. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.epi-12-0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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77
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Berge JM, MacLehose R, Eisenberg ME, Laska MN, Neumark-Sztainer D. How significant is the 'significant other'? Associations between significant others' health behaviors and attitudes and young adults' health outcomes. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2012; 9:35. [PMID: 22469471 PMCID: PMC3410807 DOI: 10.1186/1479-5868-9-35] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 04/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Having a significant other has been shown to be protective against physical and psychological health conditions for adults. Less is known about the period of emerging young adulthood and associations between significant others’ weight and weight-related health behaviors (e.g. healthy dietary intake, the frequency of physical activity, weight status). This study examined the association between significant others’ health attitudes and behaviors regarding eating and physical activity and young adults’ weight status, dietary intake, and physical activity. Methods This study uses data from Project EAT-III, a population-based cohort study with emerging young adults from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds (n = 1212). Logistic regression models examining cross-sectional associations, adjusted for sociodemographics and health behaviors five years earlier, were used to estimate predicted probabilities and calculate prevalence differences. Results Young adult women whose significant others had health promoting attitudes/behaviors were significantly less likely to be overweight/obese and were more likely to eat ≥ 5 fruits/vegetables per day and engage in ≥ 3.5 hours/week of physical activity, compared to women whose significant others did not have health promoting behaviors/attitudes. Young adult men whose significant other had health promoting behaviors/attitudes were more likely to engage in ≥ 3.5 hours/week of physical activity compared to men whose significant others did not have health promoting behaviors/attitudes. Conclusions Findings suggest the protective nature of the significant other with regard to weight-related health behaviors of young adults, particularly for young adult women. Obesity prevention efforts should consider the importance of including the significant other in intervention efforts with young adult women and potentially men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerica M Berge
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, MN, USA.
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78
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Family meals. Associations with weight and eating behaviors among mothers and fathers. Appetite 2012; 58:1128-35. [PMID: 22425759 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2012.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 03/07/2012] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Few studies have looked at the relationship between family meals and adult weight and health behaviors. The current study investigates the association between frequency of family meals and mothers' and fathers' body mass index (BMI), dietary intake, dieting behaviors and binge eating. Data from Project F-EAT (Families and Eating and Activity in Teens) were used for the current analysis. Socio-economically and racially/ethnically diverse mothers and fathers (n=3488) of adolescents participating in a multi-level population-based study (EAT 2010) completed surveys mailed to their homes. Predicted means or probabilities were calculated for each outcome variable at each level of family meal frequency. Interactions between race/ethnicity and marital status with family meals were evaluated in all models. Overall, results indicated that having more frequent family meals was associated with increased consumption of fruits and vegetables for mothers and fathers, after adjusting for age, educational attainment, marital status and race/ethnicity. Other findings including less fast food intake for fathers and fewer dieting and binge eating behaviors for mothers were significantly associated with family meal frequency, but not consistently across all family meal categories or with BMI. Interactions by race/ethnicity and marital status were non-significant, indicating that family meals may be important for more healthful dietary intake across race and marital status. Future research should confirm findings in longitudinal analyses to identify temporality and strength of associations.
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79
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Moraes C, Anjos LAD, Marinho SMSDA. Construção, adaptação e validação de escalas de silhuetas para autoavaliação do estado nutricional: uma revisão sistemática da literatura. CAD SAUDE PUBLICA 2012; 28:7-20. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-311x2012000100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Accepted: 11/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
A autoavaliação da imagem corporal é uma construção multidimensional por meio da qual os indivíduos descrevem as representações internas da estrutura corporal e da aparência física, em relação a si próprio e aos outros. As Escalas de Silhuetas são testes que viabilizam a autoavaliação, especialmente em pesquisas de campo, devido ao baixo custo e facilidade na administração do método. O objetivo deste trabalho foi resgatar as Escalas de Silhuetas construídas ou adaptadas desde 1983 e realizar uma revisão sistemática sobre a validação destas frente a medidas objetivas do estado nutricional. Foram identificados 33 estudos com grande variação na correlação com o estado nutricional de adultos, tanto para as Escalas de Silhuetas adaptadas (coeficientes de correlação de 0,66 a 0,87) quanto para as construídas (0,59 a 0,94). Já em crianças e adolescentes, as correlações entre as Escalas de Silhuetas e o estado nutricional não resultaram em valores satisfatórios em vários dos estudos. Muitos trabalhos utilizaram estatística inapropriada. Os dados da presente revisão indicam que deve-se ter cuidado no uso de Escalas de Silhuetas para estimar o estado nutricional com ou sem a medição antropométrica.
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80
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Eisenberg ME, Berge JM, Fulkerson JA, Neumark-Sztainer D. Associations between hurtful weight-related comments by family and significant other and the development of disordered eating behaviors in young adults. J Behav Med 2011; 35:500-8. [PMID: 21898148 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-011-9378-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2010] [Accepted: 08/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Research has found that weight-teasing is associated with disordered eating in adolescents. This study expands on the existing research by examining associations between hurtful weight comments by family and a significant other and disordered eating in young adults. Data come from 1,902 young adults (mean age 25) who completed surveys in 1998, 2003 and 2009. Correlations were examined between receiving hurtful comments from family and significant others, and four disordered eating behaviors in young adulthood, adjusting for prior disordered eating and prior teasing. Disordered eating behaviors were common in young adulthood, and were associated with hearing hurtful weight-related comments from family members and a significant other, for both females and males. Disordered eating prevention activities, which include messages about the potential harm associated with hurtful weight-related comments, should be expanded to address young adults, and programs may want to target relationship partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla E Eisenberg
- Division of Adolescent Health and Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55414, USA.
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81
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Serdar KL, Mazzeo SE, Mitchell KS, Aggen SH, Kendler KS, Bulik CM. Correlates of weight instability across the lifespan in a population-based sample. Int J Eat Disord 2011; 44:506-14. [PMID: 20957706 PMCID: PMC4030469 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/26/2010] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Research from overweight/obese clinical samples links weight instability to poor health. This study investigated whether negative health outcomes were associated with weight instability in a population-based sample. METHOD One thousand five hundred ten women and 1,111 men from the Mid-Atlantic Twin Registry completed questionnaires assessing demographics, body size in childhood, adolescence, and adulthood, health satisfaction, and disordered eating. Noneating disorder psychiatric diagnoses were assessed via clinical interviews. RESULTS Weight instability was related to lower health satisfaction and self-esteem, and higher body dissatisfaction, dieting, and binge eating for both sexes. Weight unstable women were more likely to meet criteria for lifetime major depressive disorder, generalized anxiety disorder, and eating disorders. Weight stable women were more likely to abuse alcohol; however, two of these associations [e.g. weight instability and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and weight stability and alcohol abuse] became nonsignificant once lifetime binge eating was accounted for, indicating that these forms of psychopathology are more strongly related to binge eating than weight instability itself. No associations between weight stability and psychiatric diagnoses were found in men. DISCUSSION Weight instability is related to mental and physical health concerns for both sexes. It was also specifically associated with depression and eating pathology in women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasey L. Serdar
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Suzanne E. Mazzeo
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
,Correspondence to: Dr. Suzanne Mazzeo, Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
| | - Karen S. Mitchell
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
,Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Steven H. Aggen
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia
,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute of Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, Virginia
,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
,Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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82
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The association between body shape silhouette and dietary pattern among Mexican women. Public Health Nutr 2011; 15:116-25. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980011001182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo investigate the relationship between dietary patterns and self-perceived body shape silhouette and BMI in a sample of Mexican women.DesignA cross-sectional analysis of dietary habits from baseline data of a large cohort study (EsMaestra) conducted in 2006–2008.SettingThe state of Veracruz, Mexico.SubjectsMexican teachers (n 20 330) provided information on body shape silhouette at baseline, changes in body shape silhouette and BMI, as well as information on sociodemographic variables and lifestyle.ResultsThe median BMI was 26·8 kg/m2; 43 % of women were overweight and 24 % were obese. The carbohydrates, sweet drinks and refined foods pattern was associated with a greater risk of having a large silhouette and a large BMI (BMI ≥ 30·0 kg/m2v. BMI < 25·0 kg/m2; ORT1−3 = 1·86, 95 % CI 1·56, 2·22 and 1·47, 95 % CI 1·28, 1·69, respectively) with a significant trend when comparing the first and third tertiles of intake. The fruit and vegetable pattern was associated with a lower risk of having a large silhouette and a large BMI (ORT1−3 = 0·68, 95 % CI 0·57, 0·82 and ORT1−3 = 0·77, 95 % CI 0·67, 0·88, respectively) with a significant decreasing trend. Similar results were observed when change in silhouette (from 18 years of age to current silhouette) was considered.ConclusionsHigh intakes of carbohydrates, sweet drinks and refined foods are related to larger silhouettes. Public health intervention improving access to healthy dietary guidelines, healthy food choice in the work place, promotion of physical activity and regulation of beverages with a high sugar content and of refined foods should be considered.
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83
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Effort-reward imbalance at work and recurrent coronary heart disease events: a 4-year prospective study of post-myocardial infarction patients. Psychosom Med 2011; 73:436-47. [PMID: 21705691 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0b013e318222b2d8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prospective studies have shown that effort-reward imbalance (ERI) at work is associated with the incidence of a first coronary heart disease (CHD) event. However, it is unknown whether ERI at work increases the risk of recurrent CHD events. The objective of this study was to determine whether ERI at work and its components (effort and reward) increase the risk of recurrent CHD in post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) workers. METHODS We carried out a prospective cohort study of 669 men and 69 women who returned to work after a first MI. ERI at work was assessed by telephone interview using validated scales of reward and psychological demands. The outcome was a composite of fatal CHD, nonfatal MI, and unstable angina. CHD risk factors were documented in medical files and by interview. The participants were followed up for a mean period of 4.0 years (1998-2005). RESULTS During the follow-up, 96 CHD events were documented. High ERI and low reward were associated with recurrent CHD (respective adjusted hazard ratios [HRs] = 1.75, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.99-3.08, and HR = 1.77, 95% CI = 1.16-2.71). There was a gender interaction showing stronger effects among women (respective adjusted HRs for high ERI and low reward: HR = 3.95, 95% CI = 0.93-16.79, and HR = 9.53, 95% CI = 1.15-78.68). CONCLUSIONS Post-MI workers holding jobs that involved ERI or low reward had increased risk of recurrent CHD.
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84
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Risks of colon and rectal adenomas are differentially associated with anthropometry throughout life: the French E3N prospective cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2011; 40:1269-79. [DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyr097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
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85
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Boynton-Jarrett R, Rich-Edwards J, Fredman L, Hibert EL, Michels KB, Forman MR, Wright RJ. Gestational weight gain and daughter's age at menarche. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2011; 20:1193-200. [PMID: 21711153 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2010.2517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sexual development begins in utero and enters a dormant phase during infancy. The influence of maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) on daughter's age at menarche has not been explored. METHODS We investigated the association between maternal GWG and age at menarche (<11 years, 11-15 years, >15 years of age) in a large cohort study of U.S. nurses, The Nurses' Health Study II (NHS II), and the Nurses' Mothers' Cohort Study. RESULTS Among 32,218 respondents, 7% reported age at menarche <l1, 90% aged 11-15 years, and 3% > age 15. Compared with women whose mothers gained 20-29 lbs during pregnancy, those whose mothers reported <10 lbs or >40 lbs of GWG were 30% more likely to report early onset menarche (<11 years of age) in logistic regression models adjusted for sociodemographic and maternal characteristics, and childhood body size and physical activity: adjusted odds ratio (OR) 1.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.05-1.62, and 1.27, 95% CI 1.06-1.56. Maternal GWG was not associated with late menarche in the fully adjusted model (p(trend)=0.07). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that either extreme of maternal GWG may influence risk for early age at menarche in daughters. Maternal GWG may be a modifiable risk factor for early menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renée Boynton-Jarrett
- Division of General Pediatrics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Kvaskoff M, Bijon A, Mesrine S, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F. Cutaneous melanoma and endogenous hormonal factors: a large French prospective study. Am J Epidemiol 2011; 173:1192-202. [PMID: 21415032 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
To assess the role of endogenous hormonal factors on melanoma, the authors conducted a prospective analysis of 91,972 French women, aged 40-65 years at inclusion into the Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de l'Education Nationale (E3N) cohort. Between 1990 and 2005, 460 melanoma cases were ascertained. Relative risks and 95% confidence intervals were computed by using Cox proportional hazards regression models. Risks of melanoma were reduced in women with ≥ 15 years at menarche (relative risk (RR) = 0.67, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.46, 0.97, compared with 13-14 years), irregular menstrual cycles (RR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.31, 0.89, compared with regular cycles of 25-31 days), <48 years at natural menopause (RR = 0.70, 95% CI: 0.48, 1.02, compared with 48-51 years), and shorter ovulatory life (RR = 0.51, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.91, for <33 years compared with ≥ 39 years). Modest inverse associations were observed with parity, as well as number of pregnancies and miscarriages. There was no evidence of an association between melanoma risk and age at first birth or pregnancy, age at last birth, time since last birth, breastfeeding duration, age at menstruation regularity, or menopausal status. Results did not significantly differ according to ambient ultraviolet radiation dose and melanoma site or subtype. These findings from a large prospective cohort may suggest a reduced melanoma risk associated with decreased exposure to ovarian hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kvaskoff
- Inserm U1018, Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), Nutrition, Hormones, and Women’s Health Team, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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87
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Socio-economic differences in weight-control behaviours and barriers to weight control. Public Health Nutr 2011; 14:1768-78. [DOI: 10.1017/s1368980011000644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractObjectiveTo examine socio-economic differences in weight-control behaviours (WCB) and barriers to weight control.DesignA cross-sectional study.SettingData were obtained by means of a postal questionnaire.SubjectsA total of 1013 men and women aged 45–60 years residing in Brisbane, Australia (69·8 % response rate).ResultsBinary and multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed, adjusted for age, gender and BMI. Socio-economically disadvantaged groups were less likely to engage in weight control (OR for lowest income quartile = 0·60, 95 % CI 0·39, 0·94); among those who engaged in weight control, the disadvantaged group had a likelihood of 0·52 (95 % CI 0·30, 0·90) of adopting exercise strategies, including moderate (OR = 0·56, 95 % CI 0·33, 0·96) and vigorous (OR = 0·47, 95 % CI 0·25, 0·89) physical activities, compared with their more-advantaged counterparts. However, lower socio-economic groups were more likely to decrease their sitting time to control their weight compared with their advantaged counterparts (OR for secondary school or lower education = 1·78, 95 % CI 1·11, 2·84). They were also more likely to believe that losing weight was expensive, not of high priority, required a lot of cooking skills and involved eating differently from others in the household.ConclusionsMarked socio-economic inequalities existed with regard to engaging in WCB, the type of weight-control strategies used and the perceived barriers to weight control; these differences are consistent with socio-economic gradients in weight status. These factors may need to be included in health promotion strategies that address socio-economic inequalities in weight status, as well as inequalities in weight-related health outcomes.
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Berge JM, Larson N, Bauer KW, Neumark-Sztainer D. Are parents of young children practicing healthy nutrition and physical activity behaviors? Pediatrics 2011; 127:881-7. [PMID: 21482603 PMCID: PMC3081185 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2010-3218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although parenthood is a common life event in early adulthood, little is known about whether parenthood is associated with weight and weight-related health behaviors, including dietary intake and physical activity. OBJECTIVE In this article we examine whether parents of young children (aged ≤5 years) report different dietary intake, physical activity, and BMIs compared with young adults without children. METHODS Data for this analysis were drawn from the second and third waves of Project EAT (Eating and Activity in Teens and Young Adults), a longitudinal population-based cohort study. Young adults (838 women, 682 men) from diverse ethnic and socioeconomic backgrounds were included. Gender-stratified linear regression models were used to examine associations between parental status and dietary intake, hours of physical activity, and BMI. Results were adjusted for each health behavior outcome level 5 years earlier (time 2). RESULTS Results indicate that although many dietary behaviors were the same between parents and nonparents, mothers reported greater consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages, total energy, and percent saturated fat compared with women without children. Both mothers and fathers had lower amounts of physical activity compared with nonparents. Mothers had higher mean BMIs than women without children. No difference was observed in BMIs between fathers and men without children. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that pediatricians and health care providers may want to consider discussing dietary intake and physical activity with new parents to identify ways to engage in healthful behaviors given the daily demands of parenthood, both to improve parents' own health and to help them model healthful behavior for their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerica M. Berge
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
| | - Nicole Larson
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Katherine W. Bauer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Video instructions improve accuracy of self-measures of waist circumference compared with written instructions. Public Health Nutr 2011; 14:1192-9. [PMID: 21450137 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980011000450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether video-based instructions improve the accuracy of self-measures of waist and hip circumference compared with written instructions. DESIGN Population-based, cross-sectional study. Self-measurements of waist circumference (WC) and hip circumference (HC) of fifty-seven participants randomly allocated to receive either written instruction or video instruction were compared with those of a trained technician. SETTING Aberdeen, Scotland, and Brussels, Belgium, between February and April 2010. SUBJECTS Adults aged 18-62 years with a high level of English language and no prior training in anthropometry. RESULTS WC was significantly overestimated by the written method (1·75 cm bias; P = 0·007) but not the video method (0·95 cm bias; P = 0·239). HC was significantly underestimated in both written (-0·35 cm bias; P = 0·009) and video methods (-0·75 cm bias; P = 0·046). Reliability was not significantly affected by age, sex, BMI or WC. Bland-Altman plots demonstrated wide limits of agreement for WC (-6·83, 6·08 cm for written method; -10·14, 6·72 cm for video method) and HC (-12·85, 1·60 cm for written method; -10·82, 2·50 cm for video method). CONCLUSIONS Video technology can support more accurate self-measurements of anthropometric data in epidemiological studies. Further research is warranted using larger and more heterogeneous samples in order that results can be generalised.
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Eisenberg ME, Berge J, Fulkerson JA, Neumark-Sztainer D. Weight comments by family and significant others in young adulthood. Body Image 2011; 8:12-9. [PMID: 21163716 PMCID: PMC3101896 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2010.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2010] [Revised: 11/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Weight teasing is common among adolescents, but less is known about the continuation of this experience during young adulthood. The present study uses survey data from a diverse sample of 2287 young adults, who participated in a 10-year longitudinal study of weight-related issues to examine hurtful weight comments by family members or a significant other. Among young adults, 35.9% of females and 22.8% of males reported receiving hurtful weight-related comments by family members, and 21.2% of females and 23.8% of males with a significant other had received hurtful weight-related comments from this source. Hispanic and Asian young adults and overweight/obese young adults were more likely to report receiving comments than those in other groups. Weight teasing during adolescence predicted hurtful weight-related comments in young adulthood, with some differences by gender. Findings suggest that hurtful weight talk continues into young adulthood and is predicted by earlier weight teasing experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla E. Eisenberg
- Division of Adolescent Health and Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota
| | - Jerica Berge
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota
| | | | - Dianne Neumark-Sztainer
- Division of Epidemiology & Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota
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91
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Morois S, Mesrine S, Josset M, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC. Anthropometric factors in adulthood and risk of colorectal adenomas: The French E3N-EPIC prospective cohort. Am J Epidemiol 2010; 172:1166-80. [PMID: 20858743 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwq258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthropometric factors have been associated with colorectal cancer and adenomas but with conflicting results in women or regarding adenoma characteristics. The authors aimed to explore associations between anthropometric factors (height, weight, body mass index, waist and hip circumferences, and weight changes) and adenoma risk. They analyzed the 17,391 women of the French Etude épidémiologique des femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (E3N)-European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort who underwent a colonoscopy during follow-up (1993-2002), including 1,408 who developed a first colorectal adenoma. In Cox multivariate proportional hazard regression models, obesity was associated with an increased colorectal adenoma risk (hazard ratio = 1.53, 95% confidence interval: 1.21, 1.94). This association was restricted to left colon adenomas (P(homogeneity) = 0.05 and 0.01 for colon vs. rectum and right vs. left colon, respectively), with a dose-effect relation observed from 22 kg/m². A high waist circumference was also associated with left colon adenoma risk (hazard ratio = 1.81, 95% confidence interval: 1.36, 2.41). Mean weight gain over 0.5 kg/year was associated with a 23% increased colorectal adenoma risk. Associations did not differ between advanced and nonadvanced adenomas. In conclusion, study findings suggest that obesity and weight gain are associated with early colorectal carcinogenesis in women, and specifically regarding the distal colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Morois
- INSERM, CESP Centre for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health, UMRS, Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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92
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Tribess S, Virtuoso Junior JS, Petroski EL. [Nutritional status and perceived body image of elderly women in the Northeast of Brazil]. CIENCIA & SAUDE COLETIVA 2010; 15:31-8. [PMID: 20169229 DOI: 10.1590/s1413-81232010000100008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2008] [Accepted: 05/08/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper aims to investigate the association between perceived body image and nutritional status in elderly women. The methodology used was a cross-sectional cohort study of a sample of 265 elderly women aged 60 to 96 and selected by randomized proportional stratification by groups of convenience in the town of Jequié, Bahia, Brazil. Each subject was interviewed in order to obtain information on sociodemographic characteristics (age, marital status, educational level and economic class) and perceived body image (on a nine-silhouette scale) and their body mass and height were measured in order to calculate their Body Mass Index as a parameter of nutritional status. Data analysis employed descriptive statistics, measures of association and non-parametric analysis. A total of 43.8% of the elderly women interviewed were well-nourished, 3.4% were underweight and 52.8% were overweight. With reference to perceived body image, 54% of the women were unsatisfied, primarily due to excess body mass (35.1%), and this was associated with nutritional status, in that increases in BMI raised the percentage of unsatisfied women. The elderly from Bahia were unsatisfied with their body images, and this dissatisfaction was associated with the prevalence of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheila Tribess
- Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, MG.
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93
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Vitonis AF, Baer HJ, Hankinson SE, Laufer MR, Missmer SA. A prospective study of body size during childhood and early adulthood and the incidence of endometriosis. Hum Reprod 2010; 25:1325-34. [PMID: 20172865 PMCID: PMC2854045 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deq039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2008] [Revised: 11/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/25/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An inverse association between adult body mass index (BMI) and risk of endometriosis has frequently been reported. However, the association between body size during childhood and early adulthood and endometriosis is not as well documented. METHODS Using data collected from the Nurses' Health Study II, a prospective cohort study of premenopausal US nurses, that began in 1989, we have attempted to clarify this relationship. Data are updated every 2 years with follow-up for these analyses through 2001. In 1989 women recalled their body size at ages 5, 10 and 20 years using a validated 9-level figure drawing. RESULTS During 831 910 person-years of follow-up, 1817 cases of self-reported laparoscopically-confirmed endometriosis were observed among women with no past infertility. After adjusting for age, birthweight, age at menarche, parity, oral contraceptive use and adult BMI, we observed a significant reduction in the incidence of endometriosis with increasing body size for all time periods. The relative risks (RRs) comparing the smallest and largest figure sizes to the middle category during childhood (ages 5-10) were 1.18 (95% confidence interval 1.02-1.36) and 0.82 (0.66-1.02), P-trend = 0.0002. At age 20, the RRs for the same comparisons were 1.32 (1.06-1.65) and 0.87 (0.74-1.03), P-trend = 0.04. Additional adjustment by menstrual cycle length and regularity yielded similar associations. The associations were stronger among nulliparous women than among parous women, although not all differences were statistically significant. CONCLUSION In this large cohort of premenopausal women, there was evidence of a persistent inverse association between childhood and early adulthood body size and incidence of laparoscopically confirmed endometriosis, independent of adult BMI and menstrual cycle characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison F Vitonis
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Center, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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94
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Romieu I, Fabre A, Fournier A, Kauffmann F, Varraso R, Mesrine S, Leynaert B, Clavel-Chapelon F. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and asthma onset in the E3N cohort. Thorax 2010; 65:292-7. [PMID: 20142267 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2009.116079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological studies have suggested that female hormones might play a role in asthma and that menopausal hormone therapy (MHT or hormone replacement therapy (HRT)) might increase the risk of asthma in postmenopausal women. The only prospective study addressing this issue reports an increase in the risk of developing asthma which was similar for oestrogen alone and oestrogen/progestagen treatment. METHODS The association between the use of different types of MHT and the risk of asthma onset in postmenopausal women was investigated prospectively from 1990 to 2002 by biennial questionnaires as part of the French E3N cohort study. Asthma onset was considered to be the time of medical diagnosis of asthma cases occurring during the follow-up of women who were asthma free at baseline. Cox proportional hazards models were used, adjusting for potential confounding factors. RESULTS Among 57 664 women free of asthma at menopause, 569 incident cases of asthma were identified during 495 448 years of follow-up. MHT was related to an increased risk of asthma onset (HR=1.20, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.46) among recent users. The increase in risk of asthma onset was only significant among women reporting the use of oestrogen alone (HR=1.54, 95% CI 1.13 to 2.09) particularly in never smokers (HR=1.80, 95% CI 1.15 to 2.80) and women reporting allergic disease prior to asthma onset (HR=1.86, 95% CI 1.18 to 2.93). A small increase in the risk of asthma onset associated with the use of oestrogen/progestagen was also observed in these subgroups. CONCLUSION Postmenopausal use of oestrogen alone was associated with an increased rate of newly diagnosed asthma in menopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Romieu
- National Instituto of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico 2INSERM, ER120/Université Paris-Sud, Faculté de Médicine, IFR69/Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France.
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95
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de Lauzon-Guillain B, Balkau B, Charles MA, Romieu I, Boutron-Ruault MC, Clavel-Chapelon F. Birth weight, body silhouette over the life course, and incident diabetes in 91,453 middle-aged women from the French Etude Epidemiologique de Femmes de la Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale (E3N) Cohort. Diabetes Care 2010; 33:298-303. [PMID: 19918011 PMCID: PMC2809270 DOI: 10.2337/dc09-1304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Obesity and increases in body weight in adults are considered to be among the most important risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Low birth weight is also associated with a higher diabetes incidence. We aimed to examine to what extent the evolution of body shape, from childhood to adulthood, is related to incident diabetes in late adulthood. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Etude Epidemiologique de Femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (E3N) is a cohort study of French women born in 1925-1950 and followed by questionnaire every 2 years. At baseline, in 1990, women were asked to report their current weight, height, and body silhouette at various ages. Birth weight was recorded in 2002. Cases of diabetes were self-reported or obtained by drug reimbursement record linkage and further validated. RESULTS Of the 91,453 women who were nondiabetic at baseline, 2,534 developed diabetes over the 15 years of follow-up. Birth weight and body silhouette at 8 years, at menarche, and in young adulthood (20-25 years) were inversely associated with the risk of diabetes, independently of adult BMI during follow-up (all P(trend) < 0.001). In mid-adulthood (35-40 years), the association was reversed, with an increase in risk related to a larger body silhouette. An increase in body silhouette from childhood to mid-adulthood amplified the risk of diabetes. CONCLUSIONS Low birth weight and thinness until young adulthood may increase the risk of diabetes, independently of adult BMI during follow-up. Young women who were lean children should be especially warned against weight gain.
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96
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Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop and validate a toddler silhouette scale. A seven-point scale was developed by an artist based on photographs of 15 toddlers (6 males, 9 females) varying in race/ethnicity and body size, and a list of phenotypic descriptions of toddlers of varying body sizes. Content validity, age-appropriateness, and gender and race/ethnicity neutrality were assessed among 180 pediatric health professionals and 129 parents of toddlers. Inter- and intrarater reliability and concurrent validity were assessed by having 138 pediatric health professionals match the silhouettes with photographs of toddlers. Assessments of content validity revealed that most health professionals (74.6%) and parents of toddlers (63.6%) ordered all seven silhouettes correctly, and interobserver agreement for weight status classification was high (kappa = 0.710, r = 0.827, P < 0.001). Most respondents reported that the scale represented toddlers aged 12-36 months (89%) and was gender (68.5%) and race/ethnicity (77.3%) neutral. The inter-rater reliability, based on matching silhouettes with photographs, was 0.787 (Cronbach's alpha) and the intrarater reliability was 0.855 (P < 0.001). The concurrent validity, based on the correlation between silhouette choice and the weight-for-length percentile of each toddler's photograph, was 0.633 (P < 0.001). In conclusion, a valid and reliable toddler silhouette scale that may be used for male or female toddlers, aged 12-36 months, of varying race/ethnicity was developed and evaluated. This scale may be used clinically or in research settings to assess parents' perception of and satisfaction with their toddler's body size. Interventions can be targeted toward parents who have inaccurate perceptions of or are dissatisfied with their toddler's body size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin R Hager
- Division of Growth and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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97
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De Lauzon-Guillain B, Fournier A, Fabre A, Simon N, Mesrine S, Boutron-Ruault MC, Balkau B, Clavel-Chapelon F. Menopausal hormone therapy and new-onset diabetes in the French Etude Epidemiologique de Femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (E3N) cohort. Diabetologia 2009; 52:2092-100. [PMID: 19629429 PMCID: PMC3240590 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1456-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2009] [Accepted: 06/22/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Two US randomised trials found a lower incidence of type 2 diabetes in women treated by menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) with oral conjugated equine oestrogen combined with medroxyprogesterone acetate. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence of various MHTs, according to their formulation and route of administration, on new-onset diabetes in a cohort of postmenopausal French women. METHODS The association between MHT use and new-onset diabetes was investigated by Cox regression analysis in 63,624 postmenopausal women in the prospective French cohort of the Etude Epidemiologique de Femmes de la Mutuelle Générale de l'Education Nationale (E3N). Cases of diabetes were identified through self-reporting or drug-reimbursement record linkage, and further validated. RESULTS 1,220 new-onset diabetes cases were validated. We observed a lower risk of new-onset diabetes among women who had ever used MHT (HR 0.82 [95% CI 0.72-0.93]), compared with those who had never used MHT. Adjustment for BMI during follow-up (rather than according to baseline BMI) did not substantially modify this association. An oral route of oestrogen administration was associated with a greater decrease in diabetes risk than a cutaneous route (HR 0.68 [95% CI 0.55-0.85] vs 0.87 [95% CI 0.75-1.00], p for homogeneity = 0.028). We were not able to show significant differences between the progestagens used in combined MHT. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Use of MHT appeared to be associated with a lower risk of new-onset diabetes. This relationship was not mediated by changes in BMI. Further studies are needed to confirm the stronger effect of oral administration of oestrogen compared with cutaneous administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blandine De Lauzon-Guillain
- E3N, Nutrition, hormones et cancer: épidémiologie et prévention
INSERM : ERI20IFR69Université Paris Sud - Paris XI : EA4045Institut Gustave-Roussy 39 rue Camille Desmoulins 94805 Villejuif CEDEX,FR
| | - Agnès Fournier
- E3N, Nutrition, hormones et cancer: épidémiologie et prévention
INSERM : ERI20IFR69Université Paris Sud - Paris XI : EA4045Institut Gustave-Roussy 39 rue Camille Desmoulins 94805 Villejuif CEDEX,FR
| | - Alban Fabre
- E3N, Nutrition, hormones et cancer: épidémiologie et prévention
INSERM : ERI20IFR69Université Paris Sud - Paris XI : EA4045Institut Gustave-Roussy 39 rue Camille Desmoulins 94805 Villejuif CEDEX,FR
| | - N. Simon
- E3N, Nutrition, hormones et cancer: épidémiologie et prévention
INSERM : ERI20IFR69Université Paris Sud - Paris XI : EA4045Institut Gustave-Roussy 39 rue Camille Desmoulins 94805 Villejuif CEDEX,FR
| | - Sylvie Mesrine
- E3N, Nutrition, hormones et cancer: épidémiologie et prévention
INSERM : ERI20IFR69Université Paris Sud - Paris XI : EA4045Institut Gustave-Roussy 39 rue Camille Desmoulins 94805 Villejuif CEDEX,FR
| | - Marie-Christine Boutron-Ruault
- E3N, Nutrition, hormones et cancer: épidémiologie et prévention
INSERM : ERI20IFR69Université Paris Sud - Paris XI : EA4045Institut Gustave-Roussy 39 rue Camille Desmoulins 94805 Villejuif CEDEX,FR
| | - Beverley Balkau
- Recherche en épidémiologie et biostatistique
INSERM : U780INSERM : IFR69Université Paris Sud - Paris XI16, Avenue Paul Vaillant-Couturier 94807 VILLEJUIF CEDEX,FR
| | - Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
- E3N, Nutrition, hormones et cancer: épidémiologie et prévention
INSERM : ERI20IFR69Université Paris Sud - Paris XI : EA4045Institut Gustave-Roussy 39 rue Camille Desmoulins 94805 Villejuif CEDEX,FR
- * Correspondence should be adressed to: Françoise Clavel-Chapelon
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98
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Kakeshita IS, Silva AIP, Zanatta DP, Almeida SS. Construção e fidedignidade teste-reteste de escalas de silhuetas brasileiras para adultos e crianças. PSICOLOGIA: TEORIA E PESQUISA 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s0102-37722009000200015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
O objetivo deste trabalho foi desenvolver escalas de silhuetas para crianças e adultos brasileiros de ambos os sexos e iniciar a avaliação de suas qualidades psicométricas. Foram fotografados adultos e crianças com Índice de Massa Corporal (IMC) previamente conhecidos, desenhadas as silhuetas e construídas as escalas por computação gráfica. Para avaliação da fidedignidade, procedeu-se ao teste-reteste com intervalo de um mês. As escalas foram aplicadas e reaplicadas a 90 adultos (18 a 60 anos) e 69 crianças (7 a 12 anos). As escalas apresentaram coeficientes de correlação entre teste e reteste positivos e significativos para o IMC real e IMC percebido como atual por adultos (r=0,84; p<0,01) e crianças (r=0,61, p<0,01). Concluiu-se que as escalas desenvolvidas constituem instrumentos apropriados à aplicação clínica e epidemiológica para avaliar a percepção da imagem corporal de crianças e adultos brasileiros.
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99
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Kvaskoff M, Mesrine S, Clavel-Chapelon F, Boutron-Ruault MC. Endometriosis risk in relation to naevi, freckles and skin sensitivity to sun exposure: the French E3N cohort. Int J Epidemiol 2009; 38:1143-53. [PMID: 19351698 DOI: 10.1093/ije/dyp175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is an important women's health issue, however its aetiology remains unknown. An association between endometriosis and cutaneous melanoma was described, possibly explained through common genetic features. To further investigate this association, we assessed the link between phenotypic traits predisposing to melanoma and the risk of endometriosis. METHODS Using a case-control design, we analysed data from 97,215 women of the Etude Epidémiologique auprès de femmes de l'Education Nationale study, a cohort of 98,995 French women insured by a national health scheme mostly covering teachers, and aged 40-65 years at inclusion in 1990. Risk estimates were computed using unconditional logistic regression models. RESULTS After adjustment for potential confounding factors, there was a positive dose-effect relationship between risk of endometriosis (reported as surgically ascertained, n = 4241) and skin sensitivity to sun exposure [moderate: odds ratio (OR) 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.99-1.19; high: OR 1.22; 95% CI 1.10-1.36; compared with none; Ptrend < 0.0001], number of naevi (few: OR 1.19, 95% CI 1.05-1.35; many: OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.21-1.55; very many: OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.37-1.83; compared with none; Ptrend < 0.0001) and number of freckles (few: OR 1.08, 95% CI 1.00-1.17; very many/many: OR 1.11, 95% CI 1.03-1.20; compared with none; Ptrend = 0.005). CONCLUSION This study is, to our knowledge, the first to report a positive dose-effect relationship between the risk of endometriosis and skin sensitivity to sun exposure, and number of naevi and freckles. These data suggest that endometriosis and melanoma may share some genetic features.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Kvaskoff
- Inserm (Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale) ERI 20, EA 4045 and Institut Gustave Roussy, Villejuif, France
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100
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Nagle C, Bell T, Purdie D, Treloar S, Olsen C, Grover S, Green A. Relative weight at ages 10 and 16 years and risk of endometriosis: a case-control analysis. Hum Reprod 2009; 24:1501-6. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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