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Association of lncRNA H19 Gene Polymorphisms with the Occurrence of Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Genes (Basel) 2019; 10:genes10070506. [PMID: 31277475 PMCID: PMC6678962 DOI: 10.3390/genes10070506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common type of primary liver cancer, whose diversified occurrence worldwide indicates a connection between genetic variations among individuals and the predisposition to such neoplasms. Mounting evidence has demonstrated that long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 can have both promotive and inhibitory effects on cancer development, revealing a dual role in tumorigenesis. In this study, the link of H19 gene polymorphisms to hepatocarcinogenesis was assessed between 359 HCC patients and 1190 cancer-free subjects. We found that heterozygotes for the minor allele of H19 rs2839698 (T) and rs3741219 (G) were more inclined to develop HCC (OR, 1.291; 95% CI, 1.003–1.661; p = 0.047, and OR, 1.361; 95% CI, 1.054–1.758; p = 0.018, respectively), whereas homozygotes for the polymorphic allele of rs2107425 (TT) were correlated with a decreased risk of HCC (OR, 0.606; 95% CI, 0.410–0.895; p = 0.012). Moreover, patients who bear at least one variant allele (heterozygote or homozygote) of rs3024270 were less prone to develop late-stage tumors (for stage III/IV; OR, 0.566; 95% CI, 0.342–0.937; p = 0.027). In addition, carriers of a particular haplotype of three H19 SNPs tested were more susceptible to HCC. In conclusion, our results indicate an association between H19 gene polymorphisms and the incidence and progression of liver cancer.
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Mahmoudian-Sani MR, Jalali A, Jamshidi M, Moridi H, Alghasi A, Shojaeian A, Mobini GR. Long Non-Coding RNAs in Thyroid Cancer: Implications for Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, and Therapy. Oncol Res Treat 2019; 42:136-142. [PMID: 30799425 DOI: 10.1159/000495151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Thyroid cancer is a rare malignancy and accounts for less than 1% of malignant neoplasms in humans; however, it is the most common cancer of the endocrine system and responsible for most deaths from endocrine cancer. Long non-coding (Lnc)RNAs are defined as non-coding transcripts that are more than 200 nucleotides in length. Their expression deregulation plays an important role in the progress of cancer. These molecules are involved in physiologic cellular processes, genomic imprinting, inactivation of chromosome X, maintenance of pluripotency, and the formation of different organs via changes in chromatin, transcription, and translation. LncRNAs can act as a tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes. Several studies have shown that these molecules can interact with microRNAs and prevent their binding to messenger RNAs. Research has shown that these molecules play an important role in tumorigenicity, angiogenesis, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and differentiation. In thyroid cancer, several lncRNAs (MALAT1, H19, BANCR, HOTAIR) have been identified as contributing factors to cancer development, and can be used as novel biomarkers for early diagnosis or even treatment. In this article, we study the newest lncRNAs and their role in thyroid cancer.
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53
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Marques P, Korbonits M. Pseudoacromegaly. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 52:113-143. [PMID: 30448536 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with acromegaloid physical appearance or tall stature may be referred to endocrinologists to exclude growth hormone (GH) excess. While some of these subjects could be healthy individuals with normal variants of growth or physical traits, others will have acromegaly or pituitary gigantism, which are, in general, straightforward diagnoses upon assessment of the GH/IGF-1 axis. However, some patients with physical features resembling acromegaly - usually affecting the face and extremities -, or gigantism - accelerated growth/tall stature - will have no abnormalities in the GH axis. This scenario is termed pseudoacromegaly, and its correct diagnosis can be challenging due to the rarity and variability of these conditions, as well as due to significant overlap in their characteristics. In this review we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of pseudoacromegaly conditions, highlighting their similarities and differences with acromegaly and pituitary gigantism, to aid physicians with the diagnosis of patients with pseudoacromegaly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Marques
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Márta Korbonits
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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54
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Li Y, Yang X, Kang X, Liu S. The regulatory roles of long noncoding RNAs in the biological behavior of pancreatic cancer. Saudi J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:145-151. [PMID: 30720003 PMCID: PMC6526735 DOI: 10.4103/sjg.sjg_465_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a new class of regulators. LncRNAs are defined as endogenous transcribed RNA molecules with transcript length of >200 nt. Accumulating evidence has shown that lncRNAs are involved in many physiological processes such as cell cycle regulation, cell apoptosis and survival, cancer migration and metabolism. However, the biological and molecular mechanisms of lncRNAs in pancreatic cancer are still unclear. Recent studies have reported that many lncRNAs are dysregulated in pancreatic cancer and closely associated with tumorigenesis, diagnosis and prognosis. In this review, we described the regulation and functional role of lncRNAs and the potential underlying mechanism involved in pancreatic cancer, outlined the roles of lncRNA in pancreatic cancer, and discussed the potential possibility of lncRNAs as therapeutic targets in clinical practice. Moreover, the potential of lncRNAs used as sensitive biomarkers for diagnosis, prognosis and prediction of response to therapy in pancreatic cancer will also be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Blood Transfusion, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaojuan Yang
- Department of Operating Room, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaoning Kang
- Department of Operating Room, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shanglong Liu
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China,Address for correspondence: Dr. Shanglong Liu, Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China. E-mail:
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55
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Yang X, Lou Y, Wang M, Liu C, Liu Y, Huang W. miR‑675 promotes colorectal cancer cell growth dependent on tumor suppressor DMTF1. Mol Med Rep 2018; 19:1481-1490. [PMID: 30592263 PMCID: PMC6390018 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2018.9780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become a worldwide health concern, particularly in developing countries. Therefore, the present study focuses on the investigation of oncogenic microRNA (miR)-675-3p, and its role in colorectal carcinogenesis. miR-675-3p expression was either overexpressed or inhibited in SW480 CRC cells in order to demonstrate its positive effect on the cell proliferation, as determined by MTS and flow cytometry. Then the present study utilized a luciferase assay to demonstrate that cyclin D binding myb like transcription factor 1 (DMTF1) was modulated by miR-675-3p directly at its 3′untranslated region. Overexpression or inhibition of miR-675-3p affected the expression of DMTF1, as determined by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. In addition, the overexpression of miR-675-3p promoted cell proliferation, whereas the additional introduction of DMTF1 rescued the overgrowth of the SW480 cells. These results were also confirmed in HT29 CRC cells. In summary, the results of the study demonstrated that miR-675-3p directly regulated the expression of DMTF1, which contributed to the further regulation of CRC cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
| | - Yang Lou
- Department of Ultrasound, Jilin City Central Hospital, Jilin City, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
| | - Minghua Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
| | - Yanbo Liu
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin 132013, P.R. China
| | - Weili Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Beihua University, Jilin City, Jilin 132011, P.R. China
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56
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Fanelli GN, Gasparini P, Coati I, Cui R, Pakula H, Chowdhury B, Valeri N, Loupakis F, Kupcinskas J, Cappellesso R, Fassan M. LONG-NONCODING RNAs in gastroesophageal cancers. Noncoding RNA Res 2018; 3:195-212. [PMID: 30533569 PMCID: PMC6257886 DOI: 10.1016/j.ncrna.2018.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite continuing improvements in multimodal therapies, gastro-esophageal malignances remain widely prevalent in the population and is characterized by poor overall and disease-free survival rates. Due to the lack of understanding about the pathogenesis and absence of reliable markers, gastro-esophageal cancers are associated with delayed diagnosis. The increasing understanding about cancer's molecular landscape in the recent years, offers the possibility of identifying 'targetable' molecular events and in particular facilitates novel treatment strategies and development of biomarkers for early stage diagnosis. At least 98% of our genome is actively transcribed into non-coding RNAs encompassing long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) constituted of transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides with no protein-coding capacity. Many studies have demonstrated that lncRNAs are functional genomic elements playing pivotal roles in main oncogenic processes. LncRNA can act at multiple levels developing a complex molecular network that can modulate directly or indirectly the expression of genes involved in tumorigenesis. In this review, we focus on lncRNAs as emerging players in gastro-esophageal carcinogenesis and critically assess their potential as reliable noninvasive biomarkers and in next generation targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Nicolò Fanelli
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, PD, Italy
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pierluigi Gasparini
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Irene Coati
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, PD, Italy
| | - Ri Cui
- Department of Cancer Biology and Genetics, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbus, OH, USA
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hubert Pakula
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Basudev Chowdhury
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nicola Valeri
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Department of Medicine, The Royal Marsden NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Fotios Loupakis
- Oncology Unit, Istituto Oncologico Veneto, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, PD, Italy
| | - Juozas Kupcinskas
- Department of Gastroenterology and Institute for Digestive Research, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - Rocco Cappellesso
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, PD, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine (DIMED), Surgical Pathology & Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, PD, Italy
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57
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Wei J, Gan Y, Peng D, Jiang X, Kitazawa R, Xiang Y, Dai Y, Tang Y, Yang J. Long non-coding RNA H19 promotes TDRG1 expression and cisplatin resistance by sequestering miRNA-106b-5p in seminoma. Cancer Med 2018; 7:6247-6257. [PMID: 30430771 PMCID: PMC6308085 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.1871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of TDRG1 in tumorigenesis and the progression of seminoma, as well as its role in regulating chemosensitivity of seminoma to cisplatin through the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway, has been previously defined. However, the detailed mechanism underlying TDRG1 expression and concomitant chemoresistance conditions are unknown. Furthermore, it has been reported that non‐protein‐coding RNAs play an important role in a variety of vital processes including cellular chemosensitivity. However, the role of non‐protein‐coding RNAs in regulating the chemosensitivity of seminoma remains unknown. In this study, using microarray analysis, we found that long non‐coding RNA H19 was upregulated while miRNA‐106b‐5p was downregulated in an established cisplatin‐resistant TCam‐2 cell line. Moreover, H19 acts as a miRNA‐106b‐5p sponge and thus impairs the function of miRNA‐106b‐5p on its target gene, TDRG1. Based on these findings, we propose that H19 promotes the expression of TDRG1 by sequestering miRNA‐106b‐5p and uses this mechanism to facilitate cell survival in cisplatin‐based chemotherapeutic conditions. These findings elucidate the mechanisms, at least partially, applied to deregulate TDRG1 and cisplatin sensitivity, and may provide new therapeutic possibilities for chemoresistant seminoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingchao Wei
- Department of UrologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yu Gan
- Department of UrologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of UrologyXiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Dongyi Peng
- Department of UrologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Xianzhen Jiang
- Department of UrologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Riko Kitazawa
- Department of Diagnostic PathologyEhime University HospitalToonJapan
| | - Yali Xiang
- Department of Health Management CenterThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
| | - Yingbo Dai
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Yuxin Tang
- Department of UrologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
- Department of UrologyThe Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐sen UniversityZhuhaiChina
| | - Jianfu Yang
- Department of UrologyThe Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaChina
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58
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Wu ZR, Yan L, Liu YT, Cao L, Guo YH, Zhang Y, Yao H, Cai L, Shang HB, Rui WW, Yang G, Zhang XB, Tang H, Wang Y, Huang JY, Wei YX, Zhao WG, Su B, Wu ZB. Inhibition of mTORC1 by lncRNA H19 via disrupting 4E-BP1/Raptor interaction in pituitary tumours. Nat Commun 2018; 9:4624. [PMID: 30397197 PMCID: PMC6218470 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06853-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Aberrant expression of long noncoding RNA H19 has been associated with tumour progression, but the underlying molecular tumourigenesis mechanisms remain largely unknown. Here, we report that H19 expression is frequently downregulated in human primary pituitary adenomas and is negatively correlated with tumour progression. Consistently, upregulation of H19 expression inhibits pituitary tumour cell proliferation in vitro and tumour growth in vivo. Importantly, we uncover a function of H19, which controls cell/tumour growth through inhibiting function of mTORC1 but not mTORC2. Mechanistically, we show that H19 could block mTORC1-mediated 4E-BP1 phosphorylation without affecting S6K1 activation. At the molecular level, H19 interacted with 4E-BP1 at the TOS motif and competitively inhibited 4E-BP1 binding to Raptor. Finally, we demonstrate that H19 is more effective than cabergoline treatment in the suppression of pituitary tumours. Together, our study uncovered the role of H19-mTOR-4E-BP1 axis in pituitary tumour growth regulation that may be a potential therapeutic target for human pituitary tumours. LncRNA H19 has been shown to be aberrantly expressed in different cancers. Here, the authors show that H19 lncRNA is downregulated in pituitary adenomas and H19 is able to impede pituitary tumorigenesis via disruption of 4E-BPB1 and Raptor interaction to inhibit the phosphorylation of 4E-BP1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze Rui Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lichong Yan
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Ting Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lei Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100050, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Hang Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Hong Yao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Lin Cai
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, China
| | - Han Bing Shang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Wei Rui
- Department of Pathology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, 410000, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiao Biao Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 200032 Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Tang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200127, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Yong Xu Wei
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Guo Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China
| | - Bing Su
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China.
| | - Zhe Bao Wu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Center of Pituitary Tumor, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200025, Shanghai, China. .,Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, 325000, Wenzhou, China.
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59
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Exploring Long Noncoding RNAs in Glioblastoma: Regulatory Mechanisms and Clinical Potentials. Int J Genomics 2018; 2018:2895958. [PMID: 30116729 PMCID: PMC6079499 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2895958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are primary brain tumors presumably derived from glial cells. The WHO grade IV glioblastoma (GBM), characterized by rapid cell proliferation, easily recrudescent, high morbidity, and mortality, is the most common, devastating, and lethal gliomas. Molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of GBMs with potential diagnostic and therapeutic value have been explored industriously. With the advent of high-throughput technologies, numerous long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) aberrantly expressed in GBMs were discovered recently, some of them probably involved in GBM initiation, malignant progression, relapse and resistant to therapy, or showing diagnostic and prognostic value. In this review, we summarized the profile of lncRNAs that has been extensively investigated in glioma research, with a focus on their regulatory mechanisms. Then, their diagnostic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications were also discussed.
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60
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Long non-coding RNA H19 contributes to apoptosis of hippocampal neurons by inhibiting let-7b in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:617. [PMID: 29795132 PMCID: PMC5966382 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0496-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is one of the most common types of intractable epilepsy, characterized by hippocampal neuron damage and hippocampal sclerosis. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been increasingly recognized as posttranscriptional regulators. However, their expression levels and functions in TLE remain largely unknown. In the present study, TLE rat model is used to explore the expression profiles of lncRNAs in the hippocampus of epileptic rats using microarray analysis. Our results demonstrate that H19 is the most pronouncedly differentiated lncRNA, significantly upregulated in the latent period of TLE. Moreover, the in vivo studies using gain- and loss-of-function approaches reveal that the overexpression of H19 aggravates SE-induced neuron apoptosis in the hippocampus, while inhibition of H19 protects the rats from SE-induced cellular injury. Finally, we show that H19 might function as a competing endogenous RNA to sponge microRNA let-7b in the regulation of cellular apoptosis. Overall, our study reveals a novel lncRNA H19-mediated mechanism in seizure-induced neural damage and provides a new target in developing lncRNA-based strategies to reduce seizure-induced brain injury.
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61
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Yılmaz Susluer S, Kayabasi C, Ozmen Yelken B, Asik A, Celik D, Balci Okcanoglu T, Serin Senger S, Biray Avci C, Kose S, Gunduz C. Analysis of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) expression in hepatitis B patients. Bosn J Basic Med Sci 2018; 18:150-161. [PMID: 29669510 DOI: 10.17305/bjbms.2018.2800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2017] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been implicated in numerous biological processes, including epigenetic regulation, cell-cycle control, and transcriptional/translational regulation of gene expression. Differential expression of lncRNAs and disruption of the regulatory processes are recognized as critical steps in cancer development. The role of lncRNAs in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is not well understood. Here we analyzed the expression of 135 lncRNAs in plasma samples of 82 HBV patients (classified as chronic patients, inactive carriers, or resolved patients) at diagnosis and at 12 months of treatment in relation to control group (81 healthy volunteers). We also investigated the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of lincRNA-SFMBT2 on HBV-positive human liver cancer cell line. lncRNA expression was analyzed by quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Chemically synthesized siRNAs were transfected into the cell lines using Lipofectamine 2000 Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific). HBV DNA and HBsAg and HBeAg were detected in transfected cultures by real-time PCR and ELISA, respectively, using commercial kits. We observed changes in lncRNA expression in all three HBV groups, compared to control group. Most notably, the expression of anti-NOS2A, lincRNA-SFMBT2, and Zfhx2as was significantly increased and expression of Y5 lncRNA was decreased in chronic HBV patients. A decreased Y5 expression and increased lincRNA-SFMBT2 expression were observed in inactive HBsAg carriers. The expression of HOTTIP, MEG9, and PCAT-32 was increased in resolved HBV patients, and no significant change in the expression of Y5 was observed, compared to control group. siRNA-mediated inhibition of lincRNA-SFMBT2 decreased the level of HBV DNA in human liver cancer cells. Further research is needed to confirm the prognostic as well as therapeutic role of these lncRNAs in HBV patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunde Yılmaz Susluer
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey.
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Amodio N, Raimondi L, Juli G, Stamato MA, Caracciolo D, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. MALAT1: a druggable long non-coding RNA for targeted anti-cancer approaches. J Hematol Oncol 2018; 11:63. [PMID: 29739426 PMCID: PMC5941496 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-018-0606-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The deeper understanding of non-coding RNAs has recently changed the dogma of molecular biology assuming protein-coding genes as unique functional biological effectors, while non-coding genes as junk material of doubtful significance. In the last decade, an exciting boom of experimental research has brought to light the pivotal biological functions of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), representing more than the half of the whole non-coding transcriptome, along with their dysregulation in many diseases, including cancer.In this review, we summarize the emerging insights on lncRNA expression and functional role in cancer, focusing on the evolutionary conserved and abundantly expressed metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) that currently represents the best characterized lncRNA. Altogether, literature data indicate aberrant expression and dysregulated activity of MALAT1 in human malignancies and envision MALAT1 targeting as a novel treatment strategy against cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Lavinia Raimondi
- IRCSS Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Bologna, Italy
- Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering, Theranostic and Oncology, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Palermo, Italy
| | - Giada Juli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Angelica Stamato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University, Viale Europa, 88100, Catanzaro, Italy.
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El Hajj J, Nguyen E, Liu Q, Bouyer C, Adriaenssens E, Hilal G, Ségal-Bendirdjian E. Telomerase regulation by the long non-coding RNA H19 in human acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Mol Cancer 2018; 17:85. [PMID: 29703210 PMCID: PMC5923027 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-018-0835-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Since tumor growth requires reactivation of telomerase (hTERT), this enzyme is a challenging target for drug development. Therefore, it is of great interest to identify telomerase expression and activity regulators. Retinoids are well-known inducers of granulocytic maturation associated with hTERT repression in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) blasts. In a maturation-resistant APL cell line, we have previously identified a new pathway of retinoid-induced hTERT transcriptional repression independent of differentiation. Furthermore, we reported the isolation of a cell variant resistant to this repression. Those cell lines could serve as unique tools to identify new telomerase regulators. Methods Using a microarray approach we identified the long non-coding RNA, H19 as a potential candidate playing a role in telomerase regulation. Expression of H19, hTERT, and hTR were examined by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Telomerase activity was quantified by quantitative telomeric repeats amplification protocol (qTRAP). In vitro and in vivo assays were performed to investigate H19 function on telomerase expression and activity. Results We showed both in retinoid-treated cell lines and in APL patient cells an inverse relationship between the expression of H19 and the expression and activity of hTERT. Exploring the mechanistic link between H19 and hTERT regulation, we showed that H19 is able to impede telomerase function by disruption of the hTERT-hTR interaction. Conclusions This study identifies a new way of telomerase regulation through H19’s involvement and thereby reveals a new function for this long non-coding RNA that can be targeted for therapeutic purpose. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12943-018-0835-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle El Hajj
- INSERM UMR-S 1007, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris, France.,Paris-Descartes University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France.,Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France.,Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Eric Nguyen
- INSERM UMR-S 1007, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris, France.,Paris-Descartes University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | - Qingyuan Liu
- INSERM UMR-S 1007, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris, France.,Paris-Descartes University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France.,Present address: Bristol-Myers Squibb (China) Investment Co. Ltd., Shanghai, 200040, People's Republic of China
| | - Claire Bouyer
- INSERM UMR-S 1007, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris, France.,Paris-Descartes University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - George Hilal
- Cancer and Metabolism Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Evelyne Ségal-Bendirdjian
- INSERM UMR-S 1007, Cellular Homeostasis and Cancer, Paris, France. .,Paris-Descartes University, Paris Sorbonne Cité, Paris, France. .,Paris-Sud University, Paris-Saclay University, Orsay, France. .,INSERM UMR-S 1007, Paris-Descartes University, 45 rue des Saints-Pères, 75006, Paris, France.
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64
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Han CL, Ge M, Liu YP, Zhao XM, Wang KL, Chen N, Meng WJ, Hu W, Zhang JG, Li L, Meng FG. LncRNA H19 contributes to hippocampal glial cell activation via JAK/STAT signaling in a rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy. J Neuroinflammation 2018; 15:103. [PMID: 29636074 PMCID: PMC5894243 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-018-1139-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Astrocyte and microglia activation are well-known features of temporal lobe epilepsy that may contribute to epileptogenesis. However, the mechanisms underlying glia activation are not well understood. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) H19 has diverse functions depending on physiological or pathological state, and its role in epilepsy is unknown. We previously demonstrated that H19 was significantly upregulated in the latent period of epilepsy and may be associated with cell proliferation and immune and inflammatory responses. We therefore speculated that H19 is involved in the hippocampal glial cell activation during epileptogenesis. Methods H19 was overexpressed or knocked down using an adeno-associated viral vector delivery system. A rat status epilepticus model was induced by intra-amygdala kainic acid injection. Astrocyte and microglia activation were assessed by immunofluorescence and western blot analyses. Expression of proinflammatory cytokines and components of the Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) signaling pathways were evaluated with western blotting. Results H19 overexpression induced the activation of astrocytes and microglia and the release of proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α) in the hippocampus, whereas H19 knockdown inhibited status epilepticus-induced glial cell activation. Moreover, H19 activated JAK/STAT signaling by promoting the expression of Stat3 and c-Myc, which is thought to be involved in astrocyte activation. Conclusions LncRNA H19 contributes to hippocampal glial cell activation via modulation of the JAK/STAT pathway and could be a therapeutic tool to prevent the development of epilepsy. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12974-018-1139-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Lei Han
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ming Ge
- Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yun-Peng Liu
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Xue-Min Zhao
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Kai-Liang Wang
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Wen-Jia Meng
- The Third Division of Clinical Medicine, China Medical University, Shenyang, 110122, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Wei Hu
- Department of Neurology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, 32607, USA
| | - Jian-Guo Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Beijing, 100050, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xi TouTiao, You An Men Street, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Fan-Gang Meng
- Department of Functional Neurosurgery, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100050, China. .,Beijing Key Laboratory of Neuromodulation, Beijing Municipal Science and Technology Commission, Beijing, 100050, China.
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65
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Arun G, Diermeier SD, Spector DL. Therapeutic Targeting of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Cancer. Trends Mol Med 2018; 24:257-277. [PMID: 29449148 PMCID: PMC5840027 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2018.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 419] [Impact Index Per Article: 69.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) represent a significant population of the human transcriptome. Many lncRNAs exhibit cell- and/or tissue/tumor-specific expression, making them excellent candidates for therapeutic applications. In this review we discuss examples of lncRNAs that demonstrate the diversity of their function in various cancer types. We also discuss recent advances in nucleic acid drug development with a focus on oligonucleotide-based therapies as a novel approach to inhibit tumor progression. The increased success rates of nucleic acid therapeutics provide an outstanding opportunity to explore lncRNAs as viable therapeutic targets to combat various aspects of cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayatri Arun
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; These authors contributed equally
| | - Sarah D Diermeier
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA; These authors contributed equally
| | - David L Spector
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA.
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66
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Lan X, Sun W, Dong W, Wang Z, Zhang T, He L, Zhang H. Downregulation of long noncoding RNA H19 contributes to the proliferation and migration of papillary thyroid carcinoma. Gene 2018; 646:98-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.12.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 12/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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67
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Huang X, Zhi X, Gao Y, Ta N, Jiang H, Zheng J. LncRNAs in pancreatic cancer. Oncotarget 2018; 7:57379-57390. [PMID: 27429196 PMCID: PMC5302996 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.10545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (PC) is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death. The underlying mechanism of PC is not completely understood at present. Studies in recent years have demonstrated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have multiple biological functions in cell growth, differentiation and proliferation. Notably, expressions of some lncRNAs undergo significant changes in the initiation and progression of cancers. In addition, lncRNAs are reported to be involved in various steps of PC development and have a potential value in the diagnosis, treatment and prognostic prediction of PC. In this review, we highlight recent evidence related to the molecular mechanism of lncRNAs in growth, survival, invasion, metastasis, angiogenesis and apoptosis of PC cells, and discuss the potential clinical application of lncRNAs to the diagnosis, treatment and prognostic prediction of PC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Huang
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaosong Zhi
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yisha Gao
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Na Ta
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Jiang
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jianming Zheng
- Department of Pathology, Changhai Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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68
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Sajadpoor Z, Amini-Farsani Z, Teimori H, Shamsara M, Sangtarash MH, Ghasemi-Dehkordi P, Yadollahi F. Valproic Acid Promotes Apoptosis and Cisplatin Sensitivity Through Downregulation of H19 Noncoding RNA in Ovarian A2780 Cells. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2018; 185:1132-1144. [DOI: 10.1007/s12010-017-2684-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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69
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Kölling M, Genschel C, Kaucsar T, Hübner A, Rong S, Schmitt R, Sörensen-Zender I, Haddad G, Kistler A, Seeger H, Kielstein JT, Fliser D, Haller H, Wüthrich R, Zörnig M, Thum T, Lorenzen J. Hypoxia-induced long non-coding RNA Malat1 is dispensable for renal ischemia/reperfusion-injury. Sci Rep 2018; 8:3438. [PMID: 29467431 PMCID: PMC5821887 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-21720-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI). Non-coding RNAs are crucially involved in its pathophysiology. We identified hypoxia-induced long non-coding RNA Malat1 (Metastasis Associated Lung Adenocarcinoma Transcript 1) to be upregulated in renal I/R injury. We here elucidated the functional role of Malat1 in vitro and its potential contribution to kidney injury in vivo. Malat1 was upregulated in kidney biopsies and plasma of patients with AKI, in murine hypoxic kidney tissue as well as in cultured and ex vivo sorted hypoxic endothelial cells and tubular epithelial cells. Malat1 was transcriptionally activated by hypoxia-inducible factor 1-α. In vitro, Malat1 inhibition reduced proliferation and the number of endothelial cells in the S-phase of the cell cycle. In vivo, Malat1 knockout and wildtype mice showed similar degrees of outer medullary tubular epithelial injury, proliferation, capillary rarefaction, inflammation and fibrosis, survival and kidney function. Small-RNA sequencing and whole genome expression analysis revealed only minor changes between ischemic Malat1 knockout and wildtype mice. Contrary to previous studies, which suggested a prominent role of Malat1 in the induction of disease, we did not confirm an in vivo role of Malat1 concerning renal I/R-injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Kölling
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.,Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Celina Genschel
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Anika Hübner
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Song Rong
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Roland Schmitt
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - George Haddad
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Kistler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Cantonal Hospital Frauenfeld, Frauenfeld, Switzerland
| | - Harald Seeger
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jan T Kielstein
- Department of Nephrology, Städtisches Klinikum Braunschweig GmbH, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Danilo Fliser
- Saarland University Medical Centre, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - Hermann Haller
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Rudolf Wüthrich
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martin Zörnig
- Georg-Speyer-Haus, Institute for Tumor Biology and Experimental Therapy, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Thomas Thum
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Therapeutic Strategies (IMTTS), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.,Excellence Cluster REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johan Lorenzen
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
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70
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Adamowicz M, Morgan CC, Haubner BJ, Noseda M, Collins MJ, Abreu Paiva M, Srivastava PK, Gellert P, Razzaghi B, O’Gara P, Raina P, Game L, Bottolo L, Schneider MD, Harding SE, Penninger J, Aitman TJ. Functionally Conserved Noncoding Regulators of Cardiomyocyte Proliferation and Regeneration in Mouse and Human. CIRCULATION-GENOMIC AND PRECISION MEDICINE 2018; 11:e001805. [DOI: 10.1161/circgen.117.001805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background:
The adult mammalian heart has little regenerative capacity after myocardial infarction (MI), whereas neonatal mouse heart regenerates without scarring or dysfunction. However, the underlying pathways are poorly defined. We sought to derive insights into the pathways regulating neonatal development of the mouse heart and cardiac regeneration post-MI.
Methods and Results:
Total RNA-seq of mouse heart through the first 10 days of postnatal life (referred to as P3, P5, P10) revealed a previously unobserved transition in microRNA (miRNA) expression between P3 and P5 associated specifically with altered expression of protein-coding genes on the focal adhesion pathway and cessation of cardiomyocyte cell division. We found profound changes in the coding and noncoding transcriptome after neonatal MI, with evidence of essentially complete healing by P10. Over two-thirds of each of the messenger RNAs, long noncoding RNAs, and miRNAs that were differentially expressed in the post-MI heart were differentially expressed during normal postnatal development, suggesting a common regulatory pathway for normal cardiac development and post-MI cardiac regeneration. We selected exemplars of miRNAs implicated in our data set as regulators of cardiomyocyte proliferation. Several of these showed evidence of a functional influence on mouse cardiomyocyte cell division. In addition, a subset of these miRNAs, miR-144-3p, miR-195a-5p, miR-451a, and miR-6240 showed evidence of functional conservation in human cardiomyocytes.
Conclusions:
The sets of messenger RNAs, miRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs that we report here merit further investigation as gatekeepers of cell division in the postnatal heart and as targets for extension of the period of cardiac regeneration beyond the neonatal period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martyna Adamowicz
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
| | - Claire C. Morgan
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
| | - Bernhard J. Haubner
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
| | - Michela Noseda
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
| | - Melissa J. Collins
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
| | - Marta Abreu Paiva
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
| | - Prashant K. Srivastava
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
| | - Pascal Gellert
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
| | - Bonnie Razzaghi
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
| | - Peter O’Gara
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
| | - Priyanka Raina
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
| | - Laurence Game
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
| | - Leonardo Bottolo
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
| | - Michael D. Schneider
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
| | - Sian E. Harding
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
| | - Josef Penninger
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
| | - Timothy J. Aitman
- From the Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom (T.J.A.); National Heart and Lung Institute (M.A., C.C.M., M.N., M.A.P., P.O., M.D.S., S.E.H.), Department of Medicine (C.C.M., M.J.C., P.K.S., B.R., P.R., T.J.A.), Department of Mathematics (L.B.), Imperial College London, United Kingdom; IMBA, Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria (B.J.H., J.P.)
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Yamamura S, Imai-Sumida M, Tanaka Y, Dahiya R. Interaction and cross-talk between non-coding RNAs. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:467-484. [PMID: 28840253 PMCID: PMC5765200 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2626-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) has been shown to regulate diverse cellular processes and functions through controlling gene expression. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) act as a competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) where microRNAs (miRNAs) and lncRNAs regulate each other through their biding sites. Interactions of miRNAs and lncRNAs have been reported to trigger decay of the targeted lncRNAs and have important roles in target gene regulation. These interactions form complicated and intertwined networks. Certain lncRNAs encode miRNAs and small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs), and may regulate expression of these small RNAs as precursors. SnoRNAs have also been reported to be precursors for PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) and thus may regulate the piRNAs as a precursor. These miRNAs and piRNAs target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and regulate gene expression. In this review, we will present and discuss these interactions, cross-talk, and co-regulation of ncRNAs and gene regulation due to these interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Yamamura
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Mitsuho Imai-Sumida
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yuichiro Tanaka
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Rajvir Dahiya
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, CA, USA
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72
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Zhou J, Xiang W, Li S, Hu Q, Peng T, Chen L, Ming Y. Association between long non-coding RNAs expression and pathogenesis and progression of gliomas. Oncol Lett 2018. [PMID: 29541171 PMCID: PMC5835862 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.7875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of gliomas is the highest among primary brain tumors. Although the understanding of the molecular pathology of glioma has improved during the previous two decades, effective therapies are not yet available to treat these tumors. Previous studies have indicated that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have a close association with glioma, suggesting that lncRNAs may be potential targets for the development of novel treatments for glioma. The present review summarized the latest studies on the dysregulation of lncRNAs in glioma, and discussed their potential use in the diagnosis, prognosis and therapies of glioma. The emergence of lncRNAs has revealed an additional facet to glioma oncogenesis. An improved understanding of their functions is important to advance lncRNA-based diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic interventions of glioma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhou
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Xiang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Shenjie Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Tao Peng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Ligang Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
| | - Yang Ming
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
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73
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Chen L, Dzakah EE, Shan G. Targetable long non-coding RNAs in cancer treatments. Cancer Lett 2018; 418:119-124. [PMID: 29341880 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2018.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Revised: 12/25/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant expression of many long non-coding RNAs has been observed in various types of cancer, implicating their crucial roles in tumorigenesis and cancer progression. Emerging knowledge with regard to the critical physiological and pathological roles of long non-coding RNAs in cancers makes them potential targets in cancer treatments. In this review, we present a summary of the relatively well studied long non-coding RNAs that are involved in oncogenesis and outline their functions and functional mechanisms. Recent findings that may be utilized in therapeutic intervention are also highlighted. With the fast development in nucleic acid-based therapeutic reagents that can target disease associated RNAs, lncRNAs should be explored as potential targets in cancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China.
| | - Emmanuel Enoch Dzakah
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China
| | - Ge Shan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui Province 230027, China.
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74
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Park KS, Mitra A, Rahat B, Kim K, Pfeifer K. Loss of imprinting mutations define both distinct and overlapping roles for misexpression of IGF2 and of H19 lncRNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 45:12766-12779. [PMID: 29244185 PMCID: PMC5727439 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkx896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Imprinted genes occur in discrete clusters that are coordinately regulated by shared DNA elements called Imprinting Control Regions. H19 and Igf2 are linked imprinted genes that play critical roles in development. Loss of imprinting (LOI) at the IGF2/H19 locus on the maternal chromosome is associated with the developmental disorder Beckwith Wiedemann Syndrome (BWS) and with several cancers. Here we use comprehensive genetic and genomic analyses to follow muscle development in a mouse model of BWS to dissect the separate and shared roles for misexpression of Igf2 and H19 in the disease phenotype. We show that LOI results in defects in muscle differentiation and hypertrophy and identify primary downstream targets: Igf2 overexpression results in over-activation of MAPK signaling while loss of H19 lncRNA prevents normal down regulation of p53 activity and therefore results in reduced AKT/mTOR signaling. Moreover, we demonstrate instances where H19 and Igf2 misexpression work separately, cooperatively, and antagonistically to establish the developmental phenotype. This study thus identifies new biochemical roles for the H19 lncRNA and underscores that LOI phenotypes are multigenic so that complex interactions will contribute to disease outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki-Sun Park
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Apratim Mitra
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Beenish Rahat
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
| | - Keekwang Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Karl Pfeifer
- Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, USA
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75
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Comprehensive analysis of lncRNAs and mRNAs with associated co-expression and ceRNA networks in C2C12 myoblasts and myotubes. Gene 2018; 647:164-173. [PMID: 29331478 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2018.01.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2017] [Revised: 12/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as important regulators in the modulation of muscle development and muscle-related diseases. To explore potential regulators of muscle differentiation, we determined the expression profiles of lncRNAs and mRNAs in C2C12 mouse myoblast cell line using microarray analysis. Gene ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway enrichment analyses were performed to explore their function. We also constructed co-expression, cis/trans-regulation, and competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) networks with bioinformatics methods. We found that 3067 lncRNAs and 3235 mRNAs were differentially regulated (fold change ≥2.0). Bioinformatics analysis indicated that the principal functions of the transcripts were related to muscle structure development and morphogenesis. Co-expression analysis showed 261 co-expression relationships between 233 lncRNAs and 10 mRNAs, and nine lncRNAs interacted with myog and MEF2C collectively. Cis/trans-regulation prediction revealed that lncRNA Myh6 could be a valuable gene via cis-regulation, and lncRNAs such as 2310043L19Ris, V00821, and AK139352 may participate in particular pathways regulated by transcription factors, including myog, myod1, and foxo1. The myog-specific ceRNA network covered 10 lncRNAs, 378 miRNAs, and 1960 edges. The upregulated lncRNAs Filip1, Myl1, and 2310043L19Rik may promote myog expression by acting as ceRNAs. Our results offer a new perspective on the modulation of lncRNAs in muscle differentiation.
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76
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DLX3 promotes bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell proliferation through H19/miR-675 axis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:2721-2735. [PMID: 28963438 DOI: 10.1042/cs20171231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Revised: 09/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The underlying molecular mechanism of the increased bone mass phenotype in Tricho-dento-osseous (TDO) syndrome remains largely unknown. Our previous study has shown that the TDO point mutation c.533A>G, Q178R in DLX3 could increase bone density in a TDO patient and transgenic mice partially through delaying senescence in bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). In the present study, we provided a new complementary explanation for TDO syndrome: the DLX3 (Q178R) mutation increased BMSCs proliferation through H19/miR-675 axis. We found that BMSCs derived from the TDO patient (TDO-BMSCs) had stronger proliferation ability than controls by clonogenic and CCK-8 assays. Next, experiments of overexpression and knockdown of wild-type DLX3 via lentiviruses in normal BMSCs confirmed the results by showing its negative role in cell proliferation. Through validated high-throughput data, we found that the DLX3 mutation reduced the expression of H19 and its coexpression product miR-675 in BMSCs. Function and rescue assays suggested that DLX3, long noncoding RNA H19, and miR-675 are negative factors in modulation of BMSCs proliferation as well as NOMO1 expression. The original higher proliferation rate and the expression of NOMO1 in TDO-BMSCs were suppressed after H19 restoration. Collectively, it indicates that DLX3 regulates BMSCs proliferation through H19/miR-675 axis. Moreover, the increased expression of NOMO1 and decreased H19/miR-675 expression in DLX3 (Q178R) transgenic mice, accompanying with accrual bone mass and density detected by micro-CT, further confirmed our hypothesis. In summary, we, for the first time, demonstrate that DLX3 mutation interferes with bone formation partially through H19/miR-675/NOMO1 axis in TDO syndrome.
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77
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Lozano-Ureña A, Montalbán-Loro R, Ferguson-Smith AC, Ferrón SR. Genomic Imprinting and the Regulation of Postnatal Neurogenesis. Brain Plast 2017; 3:89-98. [PMID: 29765862 PMCID: PMC5928554 DOI: 10.3233/bpl-160041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Most genes required for mammalian development are expressed from both maternally and paternally inherited chromosomal homologues. However, there are a small number of genes known as “imprinted genes” that only express a single allele from one parent, which is repressed on the gene from the other parent. Imprinted genes are dependent on epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation and post-translational modifications of the DNA-associated histone proteins to establish and maintain their parental identity. In the brain, multiple transcripts have been identified which show parental origin-specific expression biases. However, the mechanistic relationship with canonical imprinting is unknown. Recent studies on the postnatal neurogenic niches raise many intriguing questions concerning the role of genomic imprinting and gene dosage during postnatal neurogenesis, including how imprinted genes operate in concert with signalling cues to contribute to newborn neurons’ formation during adulthood. Here we have gathered the current knowledge on the imprinting process in the neurogenic niches. We also review the phenotypes associated with genetic mutations at particular imprinted loci in order to consider the impact of imprinted genes in the maintenance and/or differentiation of the neural stem cell pool in vivo and during brain tumour formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lozano-Ureña
- ERI BiotecMed Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
| | | | | | - Sacri R Ferrón
- ERI BiotecMed Departamento de Biología Celular, Universidad de Valencia, Spain
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78
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Niu ZS, Niu XJ, Wang WH. Long non-coding RNAs in hepatocellular carcinoma: Potential roles and clinical implications. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:5860-5874. [PMID: 28932078 PMCID: PMC5583571 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i32.5860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a subgroup of non-coding RNA transcripts greater than 200 nucleotides in length with little or no protein-coding potential. Emerging evidence indicates that lncRNAs may play important regulatory roles in the pathogenesis and progression of human cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Certain lncRNAs may be used as diagnostic or prognostic markers for HCC, a serious malignancy with increasing morbidity and high mortality rates worldwide. Therefore, elucidating the functional roles of lncRNAs in tumors can contribute to a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms of HCC and may help in developing novel therapeutic targets. In this review, we summarize the recent progress regarding the functional roles of lncRNAs in HCC and explore their clinical implications as diagnostic or prognostic biomarkers and molecular therapeutic targets for HCC.
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MESH Headings
- Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinogenesis/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/mortality
- Disease Progression
- Early Detection of Cancer/methods
- Epigenesis, Genetic
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Liver Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/mortality
- Molecular Targeted Therapy/methods
- Prognosis
- RNA, Long Noncoding/analysis
- RNA, Long Noncoding/antagonists & inhibitors
- RNA, Long Noncoding/genetics
- RNA, Long Noncoding/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao-Shan Niu
- Laboratory of Micromorphology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Xiao-Jun Niu
- Oncology Specialty, Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
| | - Wen-Hong Wang
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Medical Department of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong Province, China
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79
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Miyaso H, Sakurai K, Takase S, Eguchi A, Watanabe M, Fukuoka H, Mori C. The methylation levels of the H19 differentially methylated region in human umbilical cords reflect newborn parameters and changes by maternal environmental factors during early pregnancy. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2017; 157:1-8. [PMID: 28500962 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
H19 is a tumor-suppressor gene, and changes in the methylation of the H19-differential methylation region (H19-DMR) are related to human health. However, little is known about the factors that regulate the methylation levels of H19-DMR. Several recent studies have shown that maternal environmental factors during pregnancy, such as smoking, drinking, chemical exposure, and nutrient intake, can alter the methylation levels of several genes in fetal tissues. In this study, we examined the effects of maternal factors on changes in the methylation levels of H19-DMR in the human umbilical cord (UC), an extra-embryonic tissue. Participants from the Chiba study of Mother and Children's Health (C-MACH) were enrolled in this study. Genomic DNA was extracted from UC samples, and the methylation level of H19-DMR was evaluated by methylation-sensitive high resolution melting analysis. Individual maternal and paternal factors and clinical information for newborns at birth were examined using questionnaires prepared in the C-MACH study, a brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ) during early pregnancy (gestational age of 12 weeks), and medical records. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that reduced H19-DMR methylation (<50% methylation) in UC tissues was positively related to decreased head circumference in newborns [odds ratio (OR) =2.82; 95% confidence intervals (CI): 1.21-6.87; p=0.0183 and OR =2.51; 95% CI: 1.02-6.46; p=0.0499, respectively]. Moreover, multiple comparison test showed that H19-DMR methylation in UC tissues was significantly reduced in the low calorie group (intake of less than 1,000kcal/day; methylation level: 40.98%; 95% CI: 33.86-48.11) compared with that in the middle (1,000-1,999kcal/day; methylation level: 51.28%; 95% CI: 48.28-54.27) and high (≥2,000kcal/day; methylation level: 52.16%; 95% CI: 44.81-59.51) calorie groups (p=0.0054 and 0.047, respectively). In the subpopulations with low to moderate calorie intake (<2,000kcal/day), reduced H19-DMR methylation in UC tissues was significantly related to serum homocysteine concentration (OR =0.520; 95% CI: 0.285-0.875; p=0.019), maternal age (OR =1.22; 95% CI: 1.01-1.52; p=0.049), and serum folate levels (OR =0.917; 95% CI: 0.838-0.990; p=0.040). These data indicated that H19-DMR methylation levels in human UC tissues could be modulated by maternal factors during early pregnancy and may affect fetal and newborn growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Miyaso
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shunya Takase
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Akifumi Eguchi
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masahiro Watanabe
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hideoki Fukuoka
- Comprehensive Research Organization, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chisato Mori
- Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan; Department of Anatomy, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
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80
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Functions of long non-coding RNAs in human disease and their conservation in Drosophila development. Biochem Soc Trans 2017; 45:895-904. [PMID: 28673935 DOI: 10.1042/bst20160428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2017] [Revised: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/31/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Genomic analysis has found that the transcriptome in both humans and Drosophila melanogaster features large numbers of long non-coding RNA transcripts (lncRNAs). This recently discovered class of RNAs regulates gene expression in diverse ways and has been involved in a large variety of important biological functions. Importantly, an increasing number of lncRNAs have also been associated with a range of human diseases, including cancer. Comparative analyses of their functions among these organisms suggest that some of their modes of action appear to be conserved. This highlights the importance of model organisms such as Drosophila, which shares many gene regulatory networks with humans, in understanding lncRNA function and its possible impact in human health. This review discusses some known functions and mechanisms of action of lncRNAs and their implication in human diseases, together with their functional conservation and relevance in Drosophila development.
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81
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Whole-transcriptome screening reveals the regulatory targets and functions of long non-coding RNA H19 in epileptic rats. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 489:262-269. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.05.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2017] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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82
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Liao J, Yu X, Hu X, Fan J, Wang J, Zhang Z, Zhao C, Zeng Z, Shu Y, Zhang R, Yan S, Li Y, Zhang W, Cui J, Ma C, Li L, Yu Y, Wu T, Wu X, Lei J, Wang J, Yang C, Wu K, Wu Y, Tang J, He BC, Deng ZL, Luu HH, Haydon RC, Reid RR, Lee MJ, Wolf JM, Huang W, He TC. lncRNA H19 mediates BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) through Notch signaling. Oncotarget 2017; 8:53581-53601. [PMID: 28881833 PMCID: PMC5581132 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.18655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent progenitor cells that can undergo self-renewal and differentiate into multiple lineages. Osteogenic differentiation from MSCs is a well-orchestrated process and regulated by multiple signaling pathways. We previously demonstrated that BMP9 is one of the most potent osteogenic factors. However, molecular mechanism through which BMP9 governs osteoblastic differentiation remains to be fully understood. Increasing evidence indicates noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) may play important regulatory roles in many physiological and/or pathologic processes. In this study, we investigate the role of lncRNA H19 in BMP9-regulated osteogenic differentiation of MSCs. We demonstrated that H19 was sharply upregulated at the early stage of BMP9 stimulation of MSCs, followed by a rapid decease and gradual return to basal level. This process was correlated with BMP9-induced expression of osteogenic markers. Interestingly, either constitutive H19 expression or silencing H19 expression in MSCs significantly impaired BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation in vitro and in vivo, which was effectively rescued by the activation of Notch signaling. Either constitutive H19 expression or silencing H19 expression led to the increased expression of a group of miRNAs that are predicted to target Notch ligands and receptors. Thus, these results indicate that lncRNA H19 functions as an important mediator of BMP9 signaling by modulating Notch signaling-targeting miRNAs. Our findings suggest that the well-coordinated biphasic expression of lncRNA H19 may be essential in BMP9-induced osteogenic differentiation of MSCs, and that dysregulated H19 expression may impair normal osteogenesis, leading to pathogenic processes, such as bone tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyi Liao
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Blood Transfusion, Nephrology, and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xinyi Yu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Blood Transfusion, Nephrology, and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xue Hu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Blood Transfusion, Nephrology, and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiaming Fan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Blood Transfusion, Nephrology, and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zhicai Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Union Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chen Zhao
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Blood Transfusion, Nephrology, and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Zongyue Zeng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Shu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ruyi Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shujuan Yan
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yasha Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wenwen Zhang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Laboratory Medicine and Clinical Diagnostics, The Affiliated Yantai Hospital, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Jing Cui
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Ma
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Departments of Neurosurgery, and Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Li Li
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Bioengineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yichun Yu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Beijing Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Tingting Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Departments of Neurosurgery, and Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, The Affiliated Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xingye Wu
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Blood Transfusion, Nephrology, and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jiayan Lei
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Blood Transfusion, Nephrology, and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jia Wang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chao Yang
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ke Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Cytate Institute for Precision Medicine & Innovation, Guangzhou Cytate Biomedical Technologies Inc., Guangzhou, China
| | - Bai-Cheng He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhong-Liang Deng
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Hue H Luu
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Rex C Haydon
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Russell R Reid
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Surgery, Section of Plastic Surgery, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Michael J Lee
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jennifer Moriatis Wolf
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Blood Transfusion, Nephrology, and General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Tong-Chuan He
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, The University of Chicago Medical Center, Chicago, IL, USA.,Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Diagnostic Medicine, and The Affiliated Hospitals of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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83
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Pattern recognition for predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine in cancer. EPMA J 2017; 8:51-60. [PMID: 28620443 DOI: 10.1007/s13167-017-0083-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 02/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Predictive, preventive, and personalized medicine (PPPM) is the hot spot and future direction in the field of cancer. Cancer is a complex, whole-body disease that involved multi-factors, multi-processes, and multi-consequences. A series of molecular alterations at different levels of genes (genome), RNAs (transcriptome), proteins (proteome), peptides (peptidome), metabolites (metabolome), and imaging characteristics (radiome) that resulted from exogenous and endogenous carcinogens are involved in tumorigenesis and mutually associate and function in a network system, thus determines the difficulty in the use of a single molecule as biomarker for personalized prediction, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment for cancer. A key molecule-panel is necessary for accurate PPPM practice. Pattern recognition is an effective methodology to discover key molecule-panel for cancer. The modern omics, computation biology, and systems biology technologies lead to the possibility in recognizing really reliable molecular pattern for PPPM practice in cancer. The present article reviewed the pathophysiological basis, methodology, and perspective usages of pattern recognition for PPPM in cancer so that our previous opinion on multi-parameter strategies for PPPM in cancer is translated into real research and development of PPPM or precision medicine (PM) in cancer.
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84
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The Interplay of LncRNA-H19 and Its Binding Partners in Physiological Process and Gastric Carcinogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18020450. [PMID: 28230721 PMCID: PMC5343984 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2017] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), a novel and effective modulator in carcinogenesis, has become a study hotspot in recent years. The imprinted oncofetal lncRNA H19 is one of the first identified imprinted lncRNAs with a high expression level in embryogenesis but is barely detectable in most tissues after birth. Aberrant alterations of H19 expression have been demonstrated in various tumors, including gastric cancer (GC), implicating a crucial role of H19 in cancer progression. As one of the top malignancies in the world, GC has already become a serious concern to public health with poor prognosis. The regulatory roles of H19 in gastric carcinogenesis have been explored by various research groups, which leads to the development of GC therapy. This review comprehensively summarizes the current knowledge of H19 in tumorigenesis, especially in GC pathogenesis, with emphasis on the underneath molecular mechanisms depicted from its functional partners. Furthermore, the accumulated knowledge of H19 will provide better understanding on targeted therapy of GC.
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85
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Shima H, Yamada A, Ishikawa T, Endo I. Are breast cancer stem cells the key to resolving clinical issues in breast cancer therapy? Gland Surg 2017; 6:82-88. [PMID: 28210556 DOI: 10.21037/gs.2016.08.03] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Despite the dramatic advances in breast cancer treatment over the past two decades, it is still the most common malignancies in women. One of the reasons patients succumb to breast cancer is treatment resistance leading to metastasis and recurrence. Recently, cancer stem cells (CSCs) have been suggested as a cause of metastasis and recurrence in several cancers because of their unique characteristics, including self-renewal, pluripotency, and high proliferative ability. Increasing evidence has implicated breast cancer stem cells (BCSCs) as essential for tumor development, progression, recurrence, and treatment resistance. BCSCs exhibit resistance to treatment owing to several inter-related factors, including overexpression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters and increased aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity, DNA repair, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging. In addition, the Notch, Hedgehog, and Wnt signaling pathways have been suggested as the major pathways involved in the self-renewal and differentiation of BCSCs. Despite growing evidence suggesting the importance of BCSCs in progression and metastasis, clear criteria for the identification of BCSCs in clinical practice have yet to be established. Several potential markers have been suggested, including CD44+/CD24-/low, ALDH1, EpCAM/ESA, and nestin; however, there is no standard method to detect BCSCs. Triple-negative breast cancer, which shows initial chemosensitivity, demonstrates worsened prognosis due to therapy resistance, which might be related to the presence of BCSCs. Several clinical trials aimed at the identification of BCSCs or the development of BCSC-targeted therapy are in progress. Determining the clinical relevance of BCSCs may provide clues for overcoming therapy resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidetaka Shima
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Akimitsu Yamada
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
| | - Takashi Ishikawa
- Department of Breast disease, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Tokyo 160-0023, Japan
| | - Itaru Endo
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 236-0004, Japan
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86
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Wu KF, Liang WC, Feng L, Pang JX, Waye MMY, Zhang JF, Fu WM. H19 mediates methotrexate resistance in colorectal cancer through activating Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Exp Cell Res 2016; 350:312-317. [PMID: 27919747 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2016.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2016] [Revised: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a common malignancy, most of which remain unresponsive to chemotherapy. As one of the earliest cytotoxic drugs, methotrexate (MTX) serves as an anti-metabolite and anti-folate chemotherapy for various cancers. Unfortunately, MTX resistance prevents its clinical application in cancer therapy. Thereby, overcoming the drug resistance is an alternative strategy to maximize the therapeutic efficacy of MTX in clinics. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have gained widespread attention in recent years. More and more emerging evidences have demonstrated that they play important regulatory roles in various biological activities and disease progression including drug resistance. In the present study, a MTX-resistant colorectal cell line HT-29 (HT-29-R) was developed, which displayed the active proliferation and shortened cell cycle. LncRNA H19 was found to be significantly upregulated in this resistant cell line. Further investigation showed that H19 knockdown sensitized the MTX resistance in HT-29-R cells while its overexpression improved the MTX resistance in the parental cells, suggesting that H19 mediate MTX resistance. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling was activated in HT-29-R cells, and H19 knockdown suppressed this signaling in the parental cells. In conclusion, H19 mediated MTX resistance via activating Wnt/β-catenin signaling, which help to develop H19 as a promising therapeutic target for MTX resistant CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Feng Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for Research and Development of Natural Drugs, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Wei-Cheng Liang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Lu Feng
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jian-Xin Pang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China
| | - Mary Miu-Yee Waye
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- Department of Orthopaedics & Traumatology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Wei-Ming Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, PR China.
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87
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Lu YF, Liu Y, Fu WM, Xu J, Wang B, Sun YX, Wu TY, Xu LL, Chan KM, Zhang JF, Li G. Long noncoding RNA H19 accelerates tenogenic differentiation and promotes tendon healing through targeting miR-29b-3p and activating TGF-β1 signaling. FASEB J 2016; 31:954-964. [PMID: 27895107 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600722r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tendon injures are common orthopedic conditions, but tendon development and the pathogenesis of tendon injures, such as tendinopathy, remain largely unknown and have limited the development of clinical therapy. Studies on tenogenic differentiation at the molecular level may help in developing novel therapeutic strategies. As novel regulators, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been found to have widespread biological functions, and emerging evidence demonstrates that lncRNAs may play important regulatory roles in cell differentiation and tissue regeneration. In this study, we found that lncRNA H19 stimulated tenogenesis of human tendon-derived stem cells. Stable overexpression of H19 significantly accelerated TGF-β1-induced tenogenic differentiation in vitro and accelerated tendon healing in a mouse tendon defect model. H19 directly targeted miR-29b-3p, which is considered to be a negative regulator of tenogenesis. Furthermore, miR-29b-3p directly suppressed the expression of TGF-β1 and type I collagen, thereby forming a novel regulatory feedback loop between H19 and TGF-β1 to mediate tenogenic differentiation. Our study demonstrated that H19 promotes tenogenic differentiation both in vitro and in vivo by targeting miR-29b-3p and activating TGF-β1 signaling. Regulation of the TGF-β1/H19/miR-29b-3p regulatory loop may be a new strategy for treating tendon injury.-Lu, Y.-F., Liu, Y., Fu, W.-M., Xu, J., Wang, B., Sun, Y.-X., Wu, T.-Y., Xu, L.-L, Chan, K.-M., Zhang, J.-F., Li, G. Long noncoding RNA H19 accelerates tenogenic differentiation and promotes tendon healing through targeting miR-29b-3p and activating TGF-β1 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Fei Lu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wei-Ming Fu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Southern Medical University, Guangzhouv, China
| | - Jia Xu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Bin Wang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Xin Sun
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tian-Yi Wu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Liang-Liang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kai-Ming Chan
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jin-Fang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; .,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; .,Lui Che Woo Institute of Innovative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; and.,Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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88
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Zhao L, Li Z, Chen W, Zhai W, Pan J, Pang H, Li X. H19 promotes endometrial cancer progression by modulating epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oncol Lett 2016; 13:363-369. [PMID: 28123568 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2016.5389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Endometrial cancer is one of the most common types of gynecological malignancy worldwide. Novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets are imperative for improving patients' survival. Previous studies have suggested the long non-coding RNA H19 as a potential cancer biomarker. To investigate the role of H19 in endometrial cancer, the present study examined the expression pattern of H19 in endometrial cancer tissues by quantitative polymerase chain reaction, and characterized its function in the endometrial cancer cell line via knocking down its expression with small interfering RNAs. It was found that H19 level was significantly higher in tumor tissues than in paratumoral tissues. Knockdown of H19 did not affect the growth rate of HEC-1-B endometrial cancer cells, but significantly suppressed in vitro migration and invasion of HEC-1-B cells. Furthermore, H19 downregulation decreased Snail level and increased E-cadherin expression without affecting vimentin level, indicating partial reversion of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The present findings suggested that H19 contributed to the aggressiveness of endometrial cancer by modulating EMT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhao
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wen Zhai
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jingjing Pan
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Huan Pang
- Center for Laboratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xu Li
- Center for Translational Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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89
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Ohtsuka M, Ling H, Ivan C, Pichler M, Matsushita D, Goblirsch M, Stiegelbauer V, Shigeyasu K, Zhang X, Chen M, Vidhu F, Bartholomeusz GA, Toiyama Y, Kusunoki M, Doki Y, Mori M, Song S, Gunther JR, Krishnan S, Slaby O, Goel A, Ajani JA, Radovich M, Calin GA. H19 Noncoding RNA, an Independent Prognostic Factor, Regulates Essential Rb-E2F and CDK8-β-Catenin Signaling in Colorectal Cancer. EBioMedicine 2016; 13:113-124. [PMID: 27789274 PMCID: PMC5264449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High H19 expression in primary tumors is an independent predictor of short overall survival in CRC patients. RB1-E2F and CDK8-β-catenin signaling are essential in mediating the oncogenic activity of H19 in CRC. Combined analysis of H19 and its targets further improved the prediction power on overall survival of CRC patients.
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts at least 200 nucleotides long that do not code for proteins. The clinical relevance of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely unknown. Here we identified that H19 expression in primary tumors is an independent prognostic predictor of poor prognosis of CRC patients and further proved its oncogenic role. To characterize the mechanisms, we profiled gene expression changes following H19 modulation in CRC cell lines and analyzed gene expression association in clinical datasets. Our data revealed important cancer-signaling pathways, including the RB1-E2F and the CDK8-β-catenin signaling, underlying H19 function. The clinical significance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely unexplored. Here, we analyzed a large panel of lncRNA candidates with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) CRC dataset, and identified H19 as the most significant lncRNA associated with CRC patient survival. We further validated such association in two independent CRC cohorts. H19 silencing blocked G1-S transition, reduced cell proliferation, and inhibited cell migration. We profiled gene expression changes to gain mechanism insight of H19 function. Transcriptome data analysis revealed not only previously identified mechanisms such as Let-7 regulation by H19, but also RB1-E2F1 function and β-catenin activity as essential upstream regulators mediating H19 function. Our experimental data showed that H19 affects phosphorylation of RB1 protein by regulating gene expression of CDK4 and CCND1. We further demonstrated that reduced CDK8 expression underlies changes of β-catenin activity, and identified that H19 interacts with macroH2A, an essential regulator of CDK8 gene transcription. However, the relevance of H19-macroH2A interaction in CDK8 regulation remains to be experimentally determined. We further explored the clinical relevance of above mechanisms in clinical samples, and showed that combined analysis of H19 with its targets improved prognostic value of H19 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Research Unit for non-coding RNA and genome editing, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Daisuke Matsushita
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Goblirsch
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Research Unit for non-coding RNA and genome editing, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Kunitoshi Shigeyasu
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fnu Vidhu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Bartholomeusz
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jillian R Gunther
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Molecular Oncology II, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Milan Radovich
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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90
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Creemers SG, van Koetsveld PM, van Kemenade FJ, Papathomas TG, Franssen GJH, Dogan F, Eekhoff EMW, van der Valk P, de Herder WW, Janssen JAMJL, Feelders RA, Hofland LJ. Methylation of IGF2 regulatory regions to diagnose adrenocortical carcinomas. Endocr Relat Cancer 2016; 23:727-37. [PMID: 27535174 DOI: 10.1530/erc-16-0266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis. Discrimination of ACCs from adrenocortical adenomas (ACAs) is challenging on both imaging and histopathological grounds. High IGF2 expression is associated with malignancy, but shows large variability. In this study, we investigate whether specific methylation patterns of IGF2 regulatory regions could serve as a valuable biomarker in distinguishing ACCs from ACAs. Pyrosequencing was used to analyse methylation percentages in DMR0, DMR2, imprinting control region (ICR) (consisting of CTCF3 and CTCF6) and the H19 promoter. Expression of IGF2 and H19 mRNA was assessed by real-time quantitative PCR. Analyses were performed in 24 ACCs, 14 ACAs and 11 normal adrenals. Using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, we evaluated which regions showed the best predictive value for diagnosis of ACC and determined the diagnostic accuracy of these regions. In ACCs, the DMR0, CTCF3, CTCF6 and the H19 promoter were positively correlated with IGF2 mRNA expression (P<0.05). Methylation in the most discriminating regions distinguished ACCs from ACAs with a sensitivity of 96%, specificity of 100% and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.997±0.005. Our findings were validated in an independent cohort of 9 ACCs and 13 ACAs, resulting in a sensitivity of 89% and a specificity of 92%. Thus, methylation patterns of IGF2 regulatory regions can discriminate ACCs from ACAs with high diagnostic accuracy. This proposed test may become the first objective diagnostic tool to assess malignancy in adrenal tumours and facilitate the choice of therapeutic strategies in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Creemers
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P M van Koetsveld
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F J van Kemenade
- Department of PathologyErasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - T G Papathomas
- Department of PathologyErasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands Department of HistopathologyKing's College Hospital, Denmark Hill, London, UK
| | - G J H Franssen
- Department of SurgeryErasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - F Dogan
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E M W Eekhoff
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P van der Valk
- Department of PathologyVU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W W de Herder
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J A M J L Janssen
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - R A Feelders
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L J Hofland
- Department of Internal MedicineDivision of Endocrinology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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91
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Ma L, Tian X, Wang F, Zhang Z, Du C, Xie X, Kornmann M, Yang Y. The long noncoding RNA H19 promotes cell proliferation via E2F-1 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:1051-1061. [PMID: 27573434 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1219814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
H19 is a long noncoding RNA differentially expressed in many tumors and participates in tumorigenesis. This study aimed to investigate the expression and function of H19 in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Pure malignant cells were isolated from frozen sections of 25 PDAC cases by laser captured microdessection, and H19 expression level was detected by qRT-PCR. Knockdown and overexpression were employed to manipulate H19 levels in pancreatic cancer cells, then cell viability, proliferation, apoptosis and cell cycle, and the growth of xenografts were evaluated. E2F-1 levels in PDAC tissues were detected by Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis. We found that H19 was overexpressed in PDAC tissues and correlated to histological grade of PDAC. Knockdown of H19 in T3M4 and PANC-1 cells with high H19 endogenous level suppressed cell viability, proliferation and tumor growth, while H19 overexpression in COLO357 and CAPAN-1 with low H19 endogenous level enhanced cell viability, proliferation and tumor growth. Knockdown of H19 led to G0/G1 arrest, accompanied by decreased levels of E2F-1 and its downstream targets. E2F-1 was overexpressed in PDAC tissues with possible correlation with H19 expression level. In conclusion, H19 is overexpressed and plays oncogenic role in PDAC through promoting cancer cell proliferation via the upregulation of E2F-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Ma
- a Department of General Surgery , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Xiaodong Tian
- a Department of General Surgery , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- a Department of General Surgery , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Zhengkui Zhang
- a Department of General Surgery , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Chong Du
- a Department of General Surgery , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Xuehai Xie
- a Department of General Surgery , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Marko Kornmann
- b Clinic of General, Visceral and Transplantation Surgery , University of Ulm , Ulm , Germany
| | - Yinmo Yang
- a Department of General Surgery , Peking University First Hospital , Beijing , P.R. China
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92
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Abstract
Despite great progress in research and treatment options, lung cancer remains the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Oncogenic driver mutations in protein-encoding genes were defined and allow for personalized therapies based on genetic diagnoses. Nonetheless, diagnosis of lung cancer mostly occurs at late stages, and chronic treatment is followed by a fast onset of chemoresistance. Hence, there is an urgent need for reliable biomarkers and alternative treatment options. With the era of whole genome and transcriptome sequencing technologies, long noncoding RNAs emerged as a novel class of versatile, functional RNA molecules. Although for most of them the mechanism of action remains to be defined, accumulating evidence confirms their involvement in various aspects of lung tumorigenesis. They are functional on the epigenetic, transcriptional, and posttranscriptional level and are regulators of pathophysiological key pathways including cell growth, apoptosis, and metastasis. Long noncoding RNAs are gaining increasing attention as potential biomarkers and a novel class of druggable molecules. It has become clear that we are only beginning to understand the complexity of tumorigenic processes. The clinical integration of long noncoding RNAs in terms of prognostic and predictive biomarker signatures and additional cancer targets could provide a chance to increase the therapeutic benefit. Here, we review the current knowledge about the expression, regulation, biological function, and clinical relevance of long noncoding RNAs in lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Roth
- Division of RNA Biology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 (B150), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Diederichs
- Division of RNA Biology and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280 (B150), 69120, Heidelberg, Germany.
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93
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Fu M, Zou C, Pan L, Liang W, Qian H, Xu W, Jiang P, Zhang X. Long noncoding RNAs in digestive system cancers: Functional roles, molecular mechanisms, and clinical implications (Review). Oncol Rep 2016; 36:1207-18. [PMID: 27431376 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.4929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as new players in various diseases including cancer. LncRNAs have been shown to play multifaceted roles in the development, progression, and metastasis of cancer. In this review, we highlight the lncRNAs that are critically involved in the pathogenesis of digestive system cancers (DSCs). We summarize the roles of the lncRNAs in DSCs and the underlying mechanisms responsible for their functions. The DSC-associated lncRNAs interact with a wide spectrum of molecules to regulate gene expression at transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and translational levels. We also provide new insights into the clinical significance of these lncRNAs, which are found to be closely associated with the aggressiveness of DSCs and could predict the prognosis of DSC patients. Moreover, lncRNAs have been suggested as promising therapeutic targets in DSCs. Therefore, better understanding of the functional roles of lncRNAs will provide new biomarkers for DSC diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Fu
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, P.R. China
| | - Chen Zou
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, P.R. China
| | - Lei Pan
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, P.R. China
| | - Wei Liang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Hui Qian
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Wenrong Xu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
| | - Pengcheng Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212002, P.R. China
| | - Xu Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Medical Science and Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P.R. China
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94
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The Essential Role of H19 Contributing to Cisplatin Resistance by Regulating Glutathione Metabolism in High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer. Sci Rep 2016; 6:26093. [PMID: 27193186 PMCID: PMC4872133 DOI: 10.1038/srep26093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary and acquired drug resistance is one of the main obstacles encountered in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) chemotherapy. Cisplatin induces DNA damage through cross-linking and long integrated non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) play an important role in chemical induced DNA-damage response, which suggests that lincRNAs may be also associated with cisplatin resistance. However, the mechanism of long integrated non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) acting on cisplatin resistance is not well understood. Here, we showed that expression of lin-RECK-3, H19, LUCAT1, LINC00961, and linc-CARS2-2 was enhanced in cisplatin-resistant A2780-DR cells, while transcriptome sequencing showed decreased Linc-TNFRSF19-1 and LINC00515 expression. Additionally, we verified that different H19 expression levels in HGSC tissues showed strong correlation with cancer recurrence. H19 knockdown in A2780-DR cells resulted in recovery of cisplatin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo. Quantitative proteomics analysis indicated that six NRF2-targeted proteins, including NQO1, GSR, G6PD, GCLC, GCLM and GSTP1 involved in the glutathione metabolism pathway, were reduced in H19-knockdown cells. Furthermore, H19-knockdown cells were markedly more sensitive to hydrogen-peroxide treatment and exhibited lower glutathione levels. Our results reveal a previously unknown link between H19 and glutathione metabolism in the regulation of cancer-drug resistance.
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95
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Long Noncoding RNAs as Novel Biomarkers Have a Promising Future in Cancer Diagnostics. DISEASE MARKERS 2016; 2016:9085195. [PMID: 27143813 PMCID: PMC4842029 DOI: 10.1155/2016/9085195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cancers have a high mortality rate due to lack of suitable specific early diagnosis tumor biomarkers. Emerging evidence is accumulating that lncRNAs (long noncoding RNAs) are involved in tumorigenesis, tumor cells proliferation, invasion, migration, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Furthermore, extracellular lncRNAs can circulate in body fluids; they can be detected and strongly resist RNases. Many researchers have found that lncRNAs could be good candidates for tumor biomarkers and possessed high specificity, high sensitivity, and noninvasive characteristics. In this review, we summarize the detection methods and possible sources of circulating lncRNAs and outline the biological functions and expression level of the most significant lncRNAs in tissues, cell lines, and body fluids (whole blood, plasma, urine, gastric juice, and saliva) of different kinds of tumors. We evaluate the diagnostic performance of lncRNAs as tumor biomarkers. However, the biological functions and the mechanisms of circulating lncRNAs secretion have not been fully understood. The uniform normalization protocol of sample collection, lncRNAs extraction, endogenous control selection, quality assessment, and quantitative data analysis has not been established. Therefore, we put forward some recommendations that might be investigated in the future if we want to adopt lncRNAs in clinical practice.
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96
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Li W, Jiang P, Sun X, Xu S, Ma X, Zhan R. Suppressing H19 Modulates Tumorigenicity and Stemness in U251 and U87MG Glioma Cells. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 36:1219-1227. [PMID: 26983719 PMCID: PMC5047947 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-015-0320-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a type of malignant carcinoma found in the brain. Its high frequency of occurrence and poor survival rate have garnered much research attention in recent years. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are known to be related to the formation and progression of several cancer types by both promoting and suppressing tumor transformation. H19 is one such lncRNA and has been shown to be upregulated in a few types of cancer. In this study, we discovered that the expression of H19 increased in GBM cell lines. H19 knocked down GBM cells also displayed decreased cellular proliferation and a higher apoptosis rate when induced by temozolomide. Interestingly, the GBM cell lines U87MG and U251 were found to express cancer stem cell markers CD133, NANOG, Oct4 and Sox2. Expression of these markers was downregulated in H19-deficient cells. Collectively, these data suggest a role for H19 in contributing to GBM malignancy and the maintenance of its stem cell properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiguo Li
- Neurosurgery Department, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China.
| | | | | | - Shujun Xu
- Neurosurgery Department, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Xiangyu Ma
- Neurosurgery Department, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, 107 Wenhua West Road, Lixia District, Jinan, 250012, Shandong, China
| | - Rucai Zhan
- Neurosurgery Department of No. 3 Hospital of Jinan, Jinan, China
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97
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Martinet C, Monnier P, Louault Y, Benard M, Gabory A, Dandolo L. H19 controls reactivation of the imprinted gene network during muscle regeneration. Development 2016; 143:962-71. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.131771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The H19 locus controls fetal growth by regulating expression of several genes from the imprinted gene network (IGN). H19 is fully repressed after birth, except in skeletal muscle. Using loss-of-function H19Δ3 mice, we investigated the function of H19 in adult muscle. Mutant muscles display hypertrophy and hyperplasia, with increased Igf2 and decreased myostatin (Mstn) expression. Many imprinted genes are expressed in muscle stem cells or satellite cells. Unexpectedly, the number of satellite cells was reduced by 50% in H19Δ3 muscle fibers. This reduction occurred after postnatal day 21, suggesting a link with their entry into quiescence. We investigated the biological function of these mutant satellite cells in vivo using a regeneration assay induced by multiple injections of cardiotoxin. Surprisingly, despite their reduced number, the self-renewal capacity of these cells is fully retained in the absence of H19. In addition, we observed a better regeneration potential of the mutant muscles, with enhanced expression of several IGN genes and genes from the IGF pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Martinet
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Paul Monnier
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Yann Louault
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Matthieu Benard
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Anne Gabory
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
| | - Luisa Dandolo
- Institut Cochin, INSERM U1016, CNRS UMR 8104, University Paris Descartes, Paris 75014, France
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98
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Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Neoplasia: Special Emphasis on Prostate Cancer. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 324:229-54. [PMID: 27017010 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in sequencing technology have dramatically improved the ability of investigators to study nucleic acid biology. Bolstered by these new and powerful techniques, the field of noncoding RNA (ncRNA) research, in particular, has witnessed a period of significant progress, wherein multiple new and unique species of ncRNA elements have been discovered and characterized. The current categories of ncRNAs include tRNA, rRNA, snoRNA, snRNA, piRNA, miRNA, and lncRNA, among others. The largest of these RNAs are the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that perform a diverse set of functions within the cell. Importantly, lncRNAs have recently been implicated in the pathogenesis of multiple types of cancer, including breast, lung, gastric, liver, and prostate. This reviews the major lncRNAs currently believed to play a role in human malignancies with a special emphasis on lncRNAs germane to cancer of the prostate gland. Continued investigation of lncRNA will likely prove to be exceedingly valuable, as they may provide novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of cancer. In addition, lncRNAs offer the potential to serve as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for cancer. The present state of lncRNA-based strategies for use in the management of cancer will also be highlighted.
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99
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Abstract
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are longer than 200-nucleotide, noncoding transcripts in length, have a variety of biological functions, and are closely associated with tumor development. Ovarian cancer, as 1 of the 3 common gynecological malignancies, is the leading cause of death in women with gynecological malignant tumor. In this study, a review of the literature found that lncRNAs H19, LSINCT5, and XIST have a close relationship to the development of ovarian cancer occurrence, growth, invasion, and metastasis, and they can promote ovarian cancer cell proliferation. Hence, in this article, the progress of above-mentioned 3 kinds of lncRNAs in ovarian cancer was reviewed and designed to help in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of ovarian cancer.
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100
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Deng K, Wang H, Guo X, Xia J. The cross talk between long, non-coding RNAs and microRNAs in gastric cancer. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:111-6. [PMID: 26621794 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmv120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the most common malignant diseases and remains the second leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Although great effort has been made during the past decades to facilitate the early detection and treatment of gastric cancer, the prognosis is not yet satisfactory and the underlying molecular mechanisms of gastric cancer pathogenesis are not fully understood. Meanwhile, non-coding RNAs have been established as key players in regulating various biological and pathological processes, such as cell-cycle progression, chromatin remodeling, gene transcription, and posttranscriptional processing. Furthermore, numerous studies have also revealed a complicated interplay among different species of non-coding RNAs; therefore, the cross-regulation between long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs) has begun to emerge. This lncRNA-miRNA cross talk, which has attracted increasing attention in recent years, is involved in a great number of human diseases including gastric cancer. In this review, we summarize the latest research progress of the interactions between lncRNAs and miRNAs, highlighting their influences on the development and progression of gastric cancer to provide novel approaches for cancer diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyuan Deng
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Guo
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
| | - Jiazeng Xia
- Department of General Surgery and Translational Medicine Center, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Wuxi Second Hospital, Wuxi 214002, China
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