51
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Couchoux C, Seppä P, van Nouhuys S. Strong dispersal in a parasitoid wasp overwhelms habitat fragmentation and host population dynamics. Mol Ecol 2016; 25:3344-55. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C. Couchoux
- Department of Biosciences; Metapopulation Research Centre; University of Helsinki; PO Box 65 Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - P. Seppä
- Department of Biosciences; Centre of Excellence in Biological Interactions; University of Helsinki; PO Box 65 Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
| | - S. van Nouhuys
- Department of Biosciences; Metapopulation Research Centre; University of Helsinki; PO Box 65 Helsinki FI-00014 Finland
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; Cornell University; Ithaca NY 14853 USA
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52
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Bartlett M, Hale R, Hale M. Habitat quality limits gene flow between populations of Bombus ruderatus in the South Island, New Zealand. CONSERV GENET 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-016-0816-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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53
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Nagamitsu T, Shuri K, Taki H, Kikuchi S, Masaki T. Effects of converting natural forests to coniferous plantations on fruit and seed production and mating patterns in wild cherry trees. Ecol Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-015-1331-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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54
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Epps CW, Keyghobadi N. Landscape genetics in a changing world: disentangling historical and contemporary influences and inferring change. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:6021-40. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Clinton W. Epps
- Oregon State University; Nash Hall Room 104 Corvallis OR 97331 USA
| | - Nusha Keyghobadi
- Department of Biology; Western University; London ON N6A 5B7 Canada
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55
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Carvell C, Bourke AF, Osborne JL, Heard MS. Effects of an agri-environment scheme on bumblebee reproduction at local and landscape scales. Basic Appl Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.baae.2015.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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56
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Dellicour S, Michez D, Mardulyn P. Comparative phylogeography of five bumblebees: impact of range fragmentation, range size and diet specialization. Biol J Linn Soc Lond 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/bij.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Simon Dellicour
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; Université Libre de Bruxelles; av. FD Roosevelt 50 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
| | - Denis Michez
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research Institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du Parc 23 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Patrick Mardulyn
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; Université Libre de Bruxelles; av. FD Roosevelt 50 1050 Bruxelles Belgium
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57
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Casey LM, Rebelo H, Rotheray E, Goulson D. Evidence for habitat and climatic specializations driving the long-term distribution trends of UK and Irish bumblebees. DIVERS DISTRIB 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/ddi.12344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- L. M. Casey
- School of Life Sciences; University of Sussex; John Maynard Smith Building (JMS) Falmer Campus Brighton BN1 9QG UK
| | - H. Rebelo
- CIBIO/InBIO; Campus Agrário de Vairão Rua Padre Armando Quintas 4485-661 Vairão Portugal
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Bristol; Woodland Road BS8 1UG Bristol UK
| | - E. Rotheray
- School of Life Sciences; University of Sussex; John Maynard Smith Building (JMS) Falmer Campus Brighton BN1 9QG UK
| | - D. Goulson
- School of Life Sciences; University of Sussex; John Maynard Smith Building (JMS) Falmer Campus Brighton BN1 9QG UK
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58
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Woodard SH, Lozier JD, Goulson D, Williams PH, Strange JP, Jha S. Molecular tools and bumble bees: revealing hidden details of ecology and evolution in a model system. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:2916-36. [PMID: 25865395 DOI: 10.1111/mec.13198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 04/07/2015] [Accepted: 04/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Bumble bees are a longstanding model system for studies on behaviour, ecology and evolution, due to their well-studied social lifestyle, invaluable role as wild and managed pollinators, and ubiquity and diversity across temperate ecosystems. Yet despite their importance, many aspects of bumble bee biology have remained enigmatic until the rise of the genetic and, more recently, genomic eras. Here, we review and synthesize new insights into the ecology, evolution and behaviour of bumble bees that have been gained using modern genetic and genomic techniques. Special emphasis is placed on four areas of bumble bee biology: the evolution of eusociality in this group, population-level processes, large-scale evolutionary relationships and patterns, and immunity and resistance to pesticides. We close with a prospective on the future of bumble bee genomics research, as this rapidly advancing field has the potential to further revolutionize our understanding of bumble bees, particularly in regard to adaptation and resilience. Worldwide, many bumble bee populations are in decline. As such, throughout the review, connections are drawn between new molecular insights into bumble bees and our understanding of the causal factors involved in their decline. Ongoing and potential applications to bumble bee management and conservation are also included to demonstrate how genetics- and genomics-enabled research aids in the preservation of this threatened group.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Hollis Woodard
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA.,Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Lozier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, 35401, USA
| | - David Goulson
- Evolution, Behaviour & Environment, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Falmer, East Sussex, BN1 9QG, UK
| | - Paul H Williams
- Department of Life Sciences, Natural History Museum, London, SW7 5BD, UK
| | - James P Strange
- USDA-ARS, Pollinating Insect Research Unit, Utah State University, Logan, UT, 84322, USA
| | - Shalene Jha
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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59
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Zepeda-Paulo F, Lavandero B, Mahéo F, Dion E, Outreman Y, Simon JC, Figueroa CC. Does sex-biased dispersal account for the lack of geographic and host-associated differentiation in introduced populations of an aphid parasitoid? Ecol Evol 2015; 5:2149-61. [PMID: 26078852 PMCID: PMC4461417 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.1504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2014] [Revised: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Host recognition and use in female parasitoids strongly relies on host fidelity, a plastic behavior which can significantly restrict the host preferences of parasitoids, thus reducing the gene flow between parasitoid populations attacking different insect hosts. However, the effect of migrant males on the genetic differentiation of populations has been frequently ignored in parasitoids, despite its known impact on gene flow between populations. Hence, we studied the extent of gene flow mediated by female and male parasitoids by assessing sibship relationships among parasitoids within and between populations, and its impact on geographic and host-associated differentiation in the aphid parasitoid Aphidius ervi. We report evidences of a high gene flow among parasitoid populations on different aphid hosts and geographic locations. The high gene flow among parasitoid populations was found to be largely male mediated, suggested by significant differences in the distribution of full-sib and paternal half-sib dyads of parasitoid populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Zepeda-Paulo
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Insecto-Planta, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile ; Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile Independencia 641, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Blas Lavandero
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Insecto-Planta, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile ; Millennium Nucleus Centre in Molecular Ecology and Evolutionary Applications in the Agroecosystems 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
| | - Frédérique Mahéo
- INRA, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (UMR IGEPP), Domaine de La Motte 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Emilie Dion
- INRA, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (UMR IGEPP), Domaine de La Motte 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Yannick Outreman
- INRA, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (UMR IGEPP), Domaine de La Motte 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Jean-Christophe Simon
- INRA, Institut de Génétique, Environnement et Protection des Plantes (UMR IGEPP), Domaine de La Motte 35653, Le Rheu Cedex, France
| | - Christian C Figueroa
- Laboratorio de Interacciones Insecto-Planta, Instituto de Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad de Talca 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile ; Millennium Nucleus Centre in Molecular Ecology and Evolutionary Applications in the Agroecosystems 2 Norte 685, Talca, Chile
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60
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Wood TJ, Holland JM, Hughes WOH, Goulson D. Targeted agri-environment schemes significantly improve the population size of common farmland bumblebee species. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:1668-80. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J. Wood
- School of Life Sciences; The University of Sussex; Falmer East Sussex BN1 9QG UK
| | - John M. Holland
- The Game and Wildlife Conservation Trust; Burgate Manor; Fordingbridge Hampshire SP6 1EF UK
| | - William O. H. Hughes
- School of Life Sciences; The University of Sussex; Falmer East Sussex BN1 9QG UK
| | - Dave Goulson
- School of Life Sciences; The University of Sussex; Falmer East Sussex BN1 9QG UK
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61
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Manley R, Boots M, Wilfert L. Emerging viral disease risk to pollinating insects: ecological, evolutionary and anthropogenic factors. J Appl Ecol 2015; 52:331-340. [PMID: 25954053 PMCID: PMC4415536 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2664.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The potential for infectious pathogens to spillover and emerge from managed populations to wildlife communities is poorly understood, but ecological, evolutionary and anthropogenic factors are all likely to influence the initial exposure and subsequent infection, spread and impact of disease. Fast-evolving RNA viruses, known to cause severe colony losses in managed honeybee populations, deserve particular attention for their propensity to jump between host species and thus threaten ecologically and economically important wild pollinator communities. We review the literature on pollinator viruses to identify biological and anthropogenic drivers of disease emergence, highlight gaps in the literature, and discuss potential management strategies. We provide evidence that many wild pollinator species are exposed to viruses from commercial species, resulting in multiple spillover events. However, it is not clear whether species become infected as a result of spillover or whether transmission is occurring within these wild populations. Ecological traits of pollinating insects, such as overlapping ranges, niches and behaviours, clearly promote cross-species transmission of RNA viruses. Moreover, we conclude that the social behaviour and phylogenetic relatedness of social pollinators further facilitate within- and between-host transmission, leaving these species particularly vulnerable to emerging diseases. We argue that the commercial use of pollinators is a key driver of disease emergence in these beneficial insects and that this must be addressed by management and policy. Synthesis and applications. There are important knowledge gaps, ranging from disease distribution and prevalence, to pathogen life history and virulence, to the impacts of disease emergence, which need to be addressed as research priorities. It is clear that avoiding anthropogenic pathogen spillover is crucial to preventing and managing disease emergence in pollinators, with far-reaching effects on our food security, ecosystem services and biodiversity. We argue that it is crucial to prevent the introduction of diseased pollinators into natural environments, which can be achieved through improved monitoring and management practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robyn Manley
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9EF, UK
| | - Mike Boots
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9EF, UK
| | - Lena Wilfert
- Centre for Ecology and Conservation, University of Exeter Penryn Campus, Penryn, TR10 9EF, UK
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62
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Valid estimates of individual inbreeding coefficients from marker-based pedigrees are not feasible in wild populations with low allelic diversity. CONSERV GENET 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-015-0709-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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63
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Lecocq T, Dellicour S, Michez D, Dehon M, Dewulf A, De Meulemeester T, Brasero N, Valterová I, Rasplus JY, Rasmont P. Methods for species delimitation in bumblebees (Hymenoptera, Apidae,Bombus): towards an integrative approach. ZOOL SCR 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/zsc.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lecocq
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; Université Libre de Bruxelles; av. FD Roosevelt 50 1050 Brussels Belgium
- Department of Zoology; University of Oxford; South Parks Road Oxford OX1 3PS UK
| | - Denis Michez
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Manuel Dehon
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Alexandre Dewulf
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | | | - Nicolas Brasero
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Irena Valterová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry; Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic; Flamingovo nám 2 CZ-166 10 Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Yves Rasplus
- Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique; UMR 1062 Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations; CS 30 016 F-34988 Montferrier/Lez Cedex France
| | - Pierre Rasmont
- Laboratory of Zoology; Research institute of Biosciences; University of Mons; Place du Parc 20 7000 Mons Belgium
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64
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Jha S. Contemporary human-altered landscapes and oceanic barriers reduce bumble bee gene flow. Mol Ecol 2015; 24:993-1006. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Jha
- Department of Integrative Biology; The University of Texas at Austin; 401 Biological Laboratories Austin TX 78712 USA
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65
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A comparison of techniques for assessing farmland bumblebee populations. Oecologia 2015; 177:1093-102. [PMID: 25676106 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-015-3255-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 01/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Agri-environment schemes have been implemented across the European Union in order to reverse declines in farmland biodiversity. To assess the impact of these schemes for bumblebees, accurate measures of their populations are required. Here, we compared bumblebee population estimates on 16 farms using three commonly used techniques: standardised line transects, coloured pan traps and molecular estimates of nest abundance. There was no significant correlation between the estimates obtained by the three techniques, suggesting that each technique captured a different aspect of local bumblebee population size and distribution in the landscape. Bumblebee abundance as observed on the transects was positively influenced by the number of flowers present on the transect. The number of bumblebees caught in pan traps was positively influenced by the density of flowers surrounding the trapping location and negatively influenced by wider landscape heterogeneity. Molecular estimates of the number of nests of Bombus terrestris and B. hortorum were positively associated with the proportion of the landscape covered in oilseed rape and field beans. Both direct survey techniques are strongly affected by floral abundance immediately around the survey site, potentially leading to misleading results if attempting to infer overall abundance in an area or on a farm. In contrast, whilst the molecular method suffers from an inability to detect sister pairs at low sample sizes, it appears to be unaffected by the abundance of forage and thus is the preferred survey technique.
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66
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Couchoux C, Seppä P, van Nouhuys S. Behavioural and genetic approaches to evaluate the effectiveness of deterrent marking by a parasitoid wasp. BEHAVIOUR 2015. [DOI: 10.1163/1568539x-00003277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Some parasitoids deposit chemical signals after oviposition as an indication that the host has already been parasitized. This marking can deter subsequent conspecifics or one’s self from laying eggs in previously exploited hosts, thus reducing the risk of superparasitism. We investigated the egg laying behaviour of the parasitoid waspHyposoter horticola. In a laboratory experiment, we tested whether oviposition, post-oviposition marking, or both together deter subsequent oviposition by conspecifics. We then tested the effectiveness of the deterring mark under natural conditions using maternity assignment based on 14 polymorphic DNA microsatellite markers. The behavioural experiment showed that patch marking deters conspecifics from probing the host eggs, and oviposition deters those that probe from laying eggs in previously parasitized host clusters. These results were confirmed by the maternity assignment showing that under natural conditions, host egg clusters are primarily parasitized by a singleH. horticolafemale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christelle Couchoux
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Perttu Seppä
- CoE in Biological Interactions, Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Saskya van Nouhuys
- Metapopulation Research Group, Department of Biosciences, P.O. Box 65, FI-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
- Cornell University, Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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67
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Trait-specific responses of wild bee communities to landscape composition, configuration and local factors. PLoS One 2014; 9:e104439. [PMID: 25137311 PMCID: PMC4138035 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0104439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Land-use intensification and loss of semi-natural habitats have induced a severe decline of bee diversity in agricultural landscapes. Semi-natural habitats like calcareous grasslands are among the most important bee habitats in central Europe, but they are threatened by decreasing habitat area and quality, and by homogenization of the surrounding landscape affecting both landscape composition and configuration. In this study we tested the importance of habitat area, quality and connectivity as well as landscape composition and configuration on wild bees in calcareous grasslands. We made detailed trait-specific analyses as bees with different traits might differ in their response to the tested factors. Species richness and abundance of wild bees were surveyed on 23 calcareous grassland patches in Southern Germany with independent gradients in local and landscape factors. Total wild bee richness was positively affected by complex landscape configuration, large habitat area and high habitat quality (i.e. steep slopes). Cuckoo bee richness was positively affected by complex landscape configuration and large habitat area whereas habitat specialists were only affected by the local factors habitat area and habitat quality. Small social generalists were positively influenced by habitat area whereas large social generalists (bumblebees) were positively affected by landscape composition (high percentage of semi-natural habitats). Our results emphasize a strong dependence of habitat specialists on local habitat characteristics, whereas cuckoo bees and bumblebees are more likely affected by the surrounding landscape. We conclude that a combination of large high-quality patches and heterogeneous landscapes maintains high bee species richness and communities with diverse trait composition. Such diverse communities might stabilize pollination services provided to crops and wild plants on local and landscape scales.
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68
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Dreier S, Redhead JW, Warren IA, Bourke AFG, Heard MS, Jordan WC, Sumner S, Wang J, Carvell C. Fine-scale spatial genetic structure of common and declining bumble bees across an agricultural landscape. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:3384-95. [PMID: 24980963 PMCID: PMC4142012 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Land-use changes have threatened populations of many insect pollinators, including bumble bees. Patterns of dispersal and gene flow are key determinants of species' ability to respond to land-use change, but have been little investigated at a fine scale (<10 km) in bumble bees. Using microsatellite markers, we determined the fine-scale spatial genetic structure of populations of four common Bombus species (B. terrestris, B. lapidarius, B. pascuorum and B. hortorum) and one declining species (B. ruderatus) in an agricultural landscape in Southern England, UK. The study landscape contained sown flower patches representing agri-environment options for pollinators. We found that, as expected, the B. ruderatus population was characterized by relatively low heterozygosity, number of alleles and colony density. Across all species, inbreeding was absent or present but weak (FIS = 0.01-0.02). Using queen genotypes reconstructed from worker sibships and colony locations estimated from the positions of workers within these sibships, we found that significant isolation by distance was absent in B. lapidarius, B. hortorum and B. ruderatus. In B. terrestris and B. pascuorum, it was present but weak; for example, in these two species, expected relatedness of queens founding colonies 1 m apart was 0.02. These results show that bumble bee populations exhibit low levels of spatial genetic structure at fine spatial scales, most likely because of ongoing gene flow via widespread queen dispersal. In addition, the results demonstrate the potential for agri-environment scheme conservation measures to facilitate fine-scale gene flow by creating a more even distribution of suitable habitats across landscapes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Dreier
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regent's Park, London, NW1 4RY, UK; School of Biological Sciences, University of Bristol, Woodland Road, Bristol, BS8 1UG, UK
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69
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Jones CM, Brown MJF. Parasites and genetic diversity in an invasive bumblebee. J Anim Ecol 2014; 83:1428-40. [PMID: 24749545 PMCID: PMC4235342 DOI: 10.1111/1365-2656.12235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Biological invasions are facilitated by the global transportation of species and climate change. Given that invasions may cause ecological and economic damage and pose a major threat to biodiversity, understanding the mechanisms behind invasion success is essential. Both the release of non-native populations from natural enemies, such as parasites, and the genetic diversity of these populations may play key roles in their invasion success. We investigated the roles of parasite communities, through enemy release and parasite acquisition, and genetic diversity in the invasion success of the non-native bumblebee, Bombus hypnorum, in the United Kingdom. The invasive B. hypnorum had higher parasite prevalence than most, or all native congeners for two high-impact parasites, probably due to higher susceptibility and parasite acquisition. Consequently parasites had a higher impact on B. hypnorum queens' survival and colony-founding success than on native species. Bombus hypnorum also had lower functional genetic diversity at the sex-determining locus than native species. Higher parasite prevalence and lower genetic diversity have not prevented the rapid invasion of the United Kingdom by B. hypnorum. These data may inform our understanding of similar invasions by commercial bumblebees around the world. This study suggests that concerns about parasite impacts on the small founding populations common to re-introduction and translocation programs may be less important than currently believed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine M Jones
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
| | - Mark J F Brown
- School of Biological Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX, UK
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70
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Schunter C, Pascual M, Garza JC, Raventos N, Macpherson E. Kinship analyses identify fish dispersal events on a temperate coastline. Proc Biol Sci 2014; 281:20140556. [PMID: 24812064 PMCID: PMC4024307 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2014.0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Connectivity is crucial for the persistence and resilience of marine species, the establishment of networks of marine protected areas and the delineation of fishery management units. In the marine environment, understanding connectivity is still a major challenge, due to the technical difficulties of tracking larvae. Recently, parentage analysis has provided a means to address this question effectively. To be effective, this method requires limited adult movement and extensive sampling of parents, which is often not possible for marine species. An alternative approach that is less sensitive to constraints in parental movement and sampling could be the reconstruction of sibships. Here, we directly measure connectivity and larval dispersal in a temperate marine ecosystem through both analytical approaches. We use data from 178 single nucleotide polymorphism markers to perform parentage and sibship reconstruction of the black-faced blenny (Tripterygion delaisi) from an open coastline in the Mediterranean Sea. Parentage analysis revealed a decrease in dispersal success in the focal area over 1 km distance and approximately 6.5% of the juveniles were identified as self-recruits. Sibship reconstruction analysis found that, in general, full siblings did not recruit together to the same location, and that the largest distance between recruitment locations was much higher (11.5 km) than found for parent-offspring pairs (1.2 km). Direct measurements of dispersal are essential to understanding connectivity patterns in different marine habitats, and show the degree of self-replenishment and sustainability of populations of marine organisms. We demonstrate that sibship reconstruction allows direct measurements of dispersal and family structure in marine species while being more easily applied in those species for which the collection of the parental population is difficult or unfeasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Schunter
- Centre d'Estudis Avançats de Blanes (CEAB-CSIC), , Car. Acc. Cala St. Francesc 14, Blanes, Girona 17300, Spain, Department of Genetics and IRBio, Universitat de Barcelona, , Diagonal 643, Barcelona 08028, Spain, Southwest Fisheries Science Center, National Marine Fisheries Service and University of California, , 110 Shaffer Road, Santa Cruz 95060, USA
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71
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Lozier JD. Revisiting comparisons of genetic diversity in stable and declining species: assessing genome-wide polymorphism in North American bumble bees using RAD sequencing. Mol Ecol 2014; 23:788-801. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2013] [Revised: 12/10/2013] [Accepted: 12/13/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Lozier
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Alabama; Tuscaloosa AL 35487 USA
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72
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Cope RC, Lanyon JM, Seddon JM, Pollett PK. Development and testing of a genetic marker-based pedigree reconstruction system 'PR-genie' incorporating size-class data. Mol Ecol Resour 2014; 14:857-70. [PMID: 24373173 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
For wildlife populations, it is often difficult to determine biological parameters that indicate breeding patterns and population mixing, but knowledge of these parameters is essential for effective management. A pedigree encodes the relationship between individuals and can provide insight into the dynamics of a population over its recent history. Here, we present a method for the reconstruction of pedigrees for wild populations of animals that live long enough to breed multiple times over their lifetime and that have complex or unknown generational structures. Reconstruction was based on microsatellite genotype data along with ancillary biological information: sex and observed body size class as an indicator of relative age of individuals within the population. Using body size-class data to infer relative age has not been considered previously in wildlife genealogy and provides a marked improvement in accuracy of pedigree reconstruction. Body size-class data are particularly useful for wild populations because it is much easier to collect noninvasively than absolute age data. This new pedigree reconstruction system, PR-genie, performs reconstruction using maximum likelihood with optimization driven by the cross-entropy method. We demonstrated pedigree reconstruction performance on simulated populations (comparing reconstructed pedigrees to known true pedigrees) over a wide range of population parameters and under assortative and intergenerational mating schema. Reconstruction accuracy increased with the presence of size-class data and as the amount and quality of genetic data increased. We provide recommendations as to the amount and quality of data necessary to provide insight into detailed familial relationships in a wildlife population using this pedigree reconstruction technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert C Cope
- School of Biological Science, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Qld, 4072, Australia
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73
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Dellicour S, Mardulyn P, Hardy OJ, Hardy C, Roberts SPM, Vereecken NJ. Inferring the mode of colonization of the rapid range expansion of a solitary bee from multilocus DNA sequence variation. J Evol Biol 2013; 27:116-32. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Dellicour
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - P. Mardulyn
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - O. J. Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - C. Hardy
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
| | - S. P. M. Roberts
- Centre for Agri-Environmental Research; University of Reading; Reading UK
| | - N. J. Vereecken
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology; Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB); Brussels Belgium
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74
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Duplouy A, Ikonen S, Hanski I. Life history of the Glanville fritillary butterfly in fragmented versus continuous landscapes. Ecol Evol 2013; 3:5141-56. [PMID: 24455144 PMCID: PMC3892324 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 10/22/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Habitat loss and fragmentation threaten the long-term viability of innumerable species of plants and animals. At the same time, habitat fragmentation may impose strong natural selection and lead to evolution of life histories with possible consequences for demographic dynamics. The Baltic populations of the Glanville fritillary butterfly (Melitaea cinxia) inhabit regions with highly fragmented habitat (networks of small dry meadows) as well as regions with extensive continuous habitat (calcareous alvar grasslands). Here, we report the results of common garden studies on butterflies originating from two highly fragmented landscapes (FL) in Finland and Sweden and from two continuous landscapes (CL) in Sweden and Estonia, conducted in a large outdoor cage (32 by 26 m) and in the laboratory. We investigated a comprehensive set of 51 life-history traits, including measures of larval growth and development, flight performance, and adult reproductive behavior. Seventeen of the 51 traits showed a significant difference between fragmented versus CL. Most notably, the growth rate of postdiapause larvae and several measures of flight capacity, including flight metabolic rate, were higher in butterflies from fragmented than CL. Females from CL had shorter intervals between consecutive egg clutches and somewhat higher life-time egg production, but shorter longevity, than females from FL. These results are likely to reflect the constant opportunities for oviposition in females living in continuous habitats, while the more dispersive females from FL allocate more resources to dispersal capacity at the cost of egg maturation rate. This study supports theoretical predictions about small population sizes and high rate of population turnover in fragmented habitats selecting for increased rate of dispersal, but the results also indicate that many other life-history traits apart from dispersal are affected by the degree of habitat fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Duplouy
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki PO Box 65, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - Suvi Ikonen
- Lammi Biological Station Lammi, FI-16900, Finland
| | - Ilkka Hanski
- Department of Biosciences, University of Helsinki PO Box 65, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
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75
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Stanley DA, Knight ME, Stout JC. Ecological Variation in Response to Mass-Flowering Oilseed Rape and Surrounding Landscape Composition by Members of a Cryptic Bumblebee Complex. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65516. [PMID: 23840338 PMCID: PMC3686753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Accepted: 05/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Bombus sensu stricto species complex is a widespread group of cryptic bumblebee species which are important pollinators of many crops and wild plants. These cryptic species have, until now, largely been grouped together in ecological studies, and so little is known about their individual colony densities, foraging ranges or habitat requirements, which can be influenced by land use at a landscape scale. We used mass-flowering oilseed rape fields as locations to sample bees of this complex, as well as the second most common visitor to oilseed rape B. lapidarius, and molecular RFLP methods to distinguish between the cryptic species. We then used microsatellite genotyping to identify sisters and estimate colony densities, and related both proportions of cryptic species and their colony densities to the composition of the landscape surrounding the fields. We found B. lucorum was the most common member of the complex present in oilseed rape followed by B. terrestris. B. cryptarum was also present in all but one site, with higher proportions found in the east of the study area. High numbers of bumblebee colonies were estimated to be using oilseed rape fields as a forage resource, with B. terrestris colony numbers higher than previous estimates from non-mass-flowering fields. We also found that the cryptic species responded differently to surrounding landscape composition: both relative proportions of B. cryptarum in samples and colony densities of B. lucorum were negatively associated with the amount of arable land in the landscape, while proportions and colony densities of other species did not respond to landscape variables at the scale measured. This suggests that the cryptic species have different ecological requirements (which may be scale-dependent) and that oilseed rape can be an important forage resource for many colonies of bumblebees. Given this, we recommend sustainable management of this crop to benefit bumblebees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dara A. Stanley
- Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
| | - Mairi E. Knight
- School of Biomedical and Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, United Kingdom
| | - Jane C. Stout
- Botany Department, School of Natural Sciences, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Trinity Centre for Biodiversity Research, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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76
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Lecocq T, Vereecken NJ, Michez D, Dellicour S, Lhomme P, Valterová I, Rasplus JY, Rasmont P. Patterns of genetic and reproductive traits differentiation in Mainland vs. Corsican populations of bumblebees. PLoS One 2013; 8:e65642. [PMID: 23755263 PMCID: PMC3675023 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0065642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Populations on islands often exhibit lower levels of genetic variation and ecomorphological divergence compared to their mainland relatives. While phenotypic differentiation in characters, such as size or shape among insular organisms, has been well studied, insular differentiation in quantitative reproductive traits involved in chemical communication has received very little attention to date. Here, we investigated the impact of insularity on two syntopic bumblebee species pairs: one including species that are phylogenetically related (Bombus terrestris and B. lucorum), and the other including species that interact ecologically (B. terrestris and its specific nest inquiline B. vestalis). For each bumblebee species, we characterized the patterns of variation and differentiation of insular (Corsican) vs. mainland (European) populations (i) with four genes (nuclear and mitochondrial, 3781 bp) and (ii) in the chemical composition of male marking secretions (MMS), a key trait for mate attraction in bumblebees, by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Our results provide evidence for genetic differentiation in Corsican bumblebees and show that, contrary to theoretical expectations, island populations of bumblebees exhibit levels of genetic variation similar to the mainland populations. Likewise, our comparative chemical analyses of MMS indicate that Corsican populations of bumblebees are significantly differentiated from the mainland yet they hold comparative levels of within-population MMS variability compared to the mainland. Therefore, insularity has led Corsican populations to diverge both genetically and chemically from their mainland relatives, presumably through genetic drift, but without a decrease of genetic diversity in island populations. We hypothesize that MMS divergence in Corsican bumblebees was driven by a persistent lack of gene flow with mainland populations and reinforced by the preference of Corsican females for sympatric (Corsican) MMS. The impoverished Corsican bumblebee fauna has not led to relaxation of stabilizing selection on MMS but to consistent differentiation chemical reproductive traits on the island.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lecocq
- Laboratoire de Zoologie, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicolas J. Vereecken
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Denis Michez
- Laboratoire de Zoologie, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Simon Dellicour
- Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Lhomme
- Laboratoire de Zoologie, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Irena Valterová
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jean-Yves Rasplus
- Institut national de la recherche agronomique, UMR Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations, Montferrier sur Lez, France
| | - Pierre Rasmont
- Laboratoire de Zoologie, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
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77
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Franzén M, Nilsson SG. High population variability and source–sink dynamics in a solitary bee species. Ecology 2013; 94:1400-8. [DOI: 10.1890/11-2260.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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78
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Male-biased dispersal promotes large scale gene flow in a subterranean army ant, Dorylus (Typhlopone) fulvus. POPUL ECOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-013-0383-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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79
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Wang J. A simulation module in the computer program COLONY for sibship and parentage analysis. Mol Ecol Resour 2013; 13:734-9. [PMID: 23615269 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Revised: 03/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A simulation module is built into the software package COLONY to simulate marker genotype data of individuals with a predefined parentage and sibship structure. The simulated data can then be used to compare the accuracy, robustness and computational efficiency of different methods for sibship and parentage reconstruction, to examine the impact of different parameter options in a software on its accuracy and computational efficiency and to assess the information sufficiency of a given set of markers for a sibship and parentage analysis. This computer note describes the method used for simulating genotype data with a pedigree and its possible applications. The method can quickly generate genotype data for a one- or two-generation pedigree of virtually any complexity with up to 30k offspring, at up to 30k codominant or dominant loci with an arbitrary degree of linkage and a user-defined mistyping rate. The data can be fed directly into the COLONY program for analysis by three sibship and parentage reconstruction methods and can also be imported into other programs such as Excel and R. With slight modification, the data can be analysed by other relationship analysis software.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinliang Wang
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK.
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80
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Ozawa H, Watanabe A, Uchiyama K, Saito Y, Ide Y. Influence of long-distance seed dispersal on the genetic diversity of seed rain in fragmented Pinus densiflora populations relative to pollen-mediated gene flow. J Hered 2013; 104:465-75. [PMID: 23613135 DOI: 10.1093/jhered/est022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Long-distance dispersal (LDD) of seeds has a critical impact on species survival in patchy landscapes. However, relative to pollen dispersal, empirical data on how seed LDD affects genetic diversity in fragmented populations have been poorly reported. Thus, we attempted to indirectly evaluate the influence of seed LDD by estimating maternal and paternal inbreeding in the seed rain of fragmented 8 Pinus densiflora populations. In total, the sample size was 458 seeds and 306 adult trees. Inbreeding was estimated by common parentage analysis to evaluate gene flow within populations and by sibship reconstruction analysis to estimate gene flow within and among populations. In the parentage analysis, the observed probability that sampled seeds had the same parents within populations was significantly larger than the expected probability in many populations. This result suggested that gene dispersal was limited to within populations. In the sibship reconstruction, many donors both within and among populations appeared to contribute to sampled seeds. Significant differences in sibling ratios were not detected between paternity and maternity. These results suggested that seed-mediated gene flow and pollen-mediated gene flow from outside population contributed some extent to high genetic diversity of the seed rain (H E > 0.854). We emphasize that pine seeds may have excellent potential for gene exchange within and among populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Ozawa
- Fukushima Prefectural Forestry Research Centre, 1 Nishijimasaka, Narita, Asaka-machi, Koriyama 963-0112, Japan.
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81
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Jha S, Kremen C. Urban land use limits regional bumble bee gene flow. Mol Ecol 2013; 22:2483-95. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.12275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2012] [Revised: 01/27/2013] [Accepted: 01/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalene Jha
- Integrative Biology; 401 Biological Laboratories; University of Texas; Austin TX 78712 USA
| | - C. Kremen
- Environmental Science, Policy & Management; University of California; 130 Mulford Hall Berkeley CA 94720 USA
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82
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica J. Scriven
- Biological and Environmental Sciences School of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA Scotland
| | - Lucy C. Woodall
- Life Sciences Department Aquatic Insects Division Natural History Museum Cromwell Road London SW7 5BD UK
| | - Dave Goulson
- Biological and Environmental Sciences School of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Stirling FK9 4LA Scotland
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83
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Erler S, Popp M, Wolf S, Lattorff HMG. Sex, horizontal transmission, and multiple hosts prevent local adaptation of Crithidia bombi, a parasite of bumblebees (Bombus spp.). Ecol Evol 2012; 2:930-40. [PMID: 22837838 PMCID: PMC3399159 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Local adaptation within host-parasite systems can evolve by several non-exclusive drivers (e.g., host species-genetic adaptation; ecological conditions-ecological adaptation, and time-temporal adaptation). Social insects, especially bumblebees, with an annual colony life history not only provide an ideal system to test parasite transmission within and between different host colonies, but also parasite adaptation to specific host species and environments. Here, we study local adaptation in a multiple-host parasite characterized by high levels of horizontal transmission. Crithidia bombi occurs as a gut parasite in several bumblebee species. Parasites were sampled from five different host species in two subsequent years. Population genetic tools were used to test for the several types of adaptation. Although we found no evidence for local adaptation of the parasite toward host species, there was a slight temporal differentiation of the parasite populations, which might have resulted from severe bottlenecks during queen hibernation. Parasite populations were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and showed no signs of linkage disequilibrium suggesting that sexual reproduction is an alternative strategy in this otherwise clonal parasite. Moreover, high levels of multiple infections were found, which might facilitate sexual genetic exchange. The detection of identical clones in different host species suggested that horizontal transmission occurs between host species and underpins the lack of host-specific adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvio Erler
- Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergHoher Weg 4, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Present address: Departamentul de Tehnologii Apicole şi Sericicole, Universitatea de Ştiinţe Agricole şi Medicină VeterinarăCalea Mănăştur 3–5, 400372, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Mario Popp
- Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergHoher Weg 4, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Stephan Wolf
- Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergHoher Weg 4, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
- Present address: Department of Plant and Invertebrate Ecology, Rothamsted ResearchAL5 2JQ Harpenden, United Kingdom
| | - H Michael G Lattorff
- Institut für Biologie, Molekulare Ökologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-WittenbergHoher Weg 4, 06099 Halle (Saale), Germany
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84
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Ruiz-González MX, Bryden J, Moret Y, Reber-Funk C, Schmid-Hempel P, Brown MJF. DYNAMIC TRANSMISSION, HOST QUALITY, AND POPULATION STRUCTURE IN A MULTIHOST PARASITE OF BUMBLEBEES. Evolution 2012; 66:3053-66. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2012.01655.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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85
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Owen R, Otterstatter M, Cartar R, Farmer A, Colla S, O’Toole N. Significant expansion of the distribution of the bumble bee Bombus moderatus (Hymenoptera: Apidae) in Alberta over 20 years1This paper is dedicated to the memory of Adolf Scholl. CAN J ZOOL 2012. [DOI: 10.1139/z11-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bombus moderatus Cresson, 1863 occurs in the northern and western regions of North America and reaches its southern limit in Alberta. In 1915, the southernmost record was Banff; by 1987, it had appeared in Kananaskis Country, 40 km southeast of Banff, and by 2010, it had spread 80 km farther east to become one of the more common bumble bee species in Calgary, where it had never been previously recorded. This represents a rate of spread over the last 20 years of about 4 km/year. The simplest hypothesis that can account for this change is that it is just a continuation of the natural expansion of its range since the end of the last ice age. An alternative hypothesis is that it is filling the niche vacated as a result of the decline in another species, Bombus occidentalis Greene, 1858.
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Affiliation(s)
- R.E. Owen
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada
| | | | - R.V. Cartar
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - A. Farmer
- Department of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - S.R. Colla
- Biology Department, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - N. O’Toole
- Mount Royal University Library, Mount Royal University, Calgary, AB T3E 6K6, Canada
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86
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87
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Lozier JD, Strange JP, Stewart IJ, Cameron SA. Patterns of range-wide genetic variation in six North American bumble bee (Apidae: Bombus) species. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:4870-88. [PMID: 22035452 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05314.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The increasing evidence for population declines in bumble bee (Bombus) species worldwide has accelerated research efforts to explain losses in these important pollinators. In North America, a number of once widespread Bombus species have suffered serious reductions in range and abundance, although other species remain healthy. To examine whether declining and stable species exhibit different levels of genetic diversity or population fragmentation, we used microsatellite markers to genotype populations sampled across the geographic distributions of two declining (Bombus occidentalis and Bombus pensylvanicus) and four stable (Bombus bifarius; Bombus vosnesenskii; Bombus impatiens and Bombus bimaculatus) Bombus species. Populations of declining species generally have reduced levels of genetic diversity throughout their range compared to codistributed stable species. Genetic diversity can be affected by overall range size and degree of isolation of local populations, potentially confounding comparisons among species in some cases. We find no evidence for consistent differences in gene flow among stable and declining species, with all species exhibiting weak genetic differentiation over large distances (e.g. >1000 km). Populations on islands and at high elevations experience relatively strong genetic drift, suggesting that some conditions lead to genetic isolation in otherwise weakly differentiated species. B. occidentalis and B. bifarius exhibit stronger genetic differentiation than the other species, indicating greater phylogeographic structure consistent with their broader geographic distributions across topographically complex regions of western North America. Screening genetic diversity in North American Bombus should prove useful for identifying species that warrant monitoring, and developing management strategies that promote high levels of gene flow will be a key component in efforts to maintain healthy populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D Lozier
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487, USA.
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88
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Carvell C, Jordan WC, Bourke AFG, Pickles R, Redhead JW, Heard MS. Molecular and spatial analyses reveal links between colony-specific foraging distance and landscape-level resource availability in two bumblebee species. OIKOS 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19832.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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89
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90
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Spatial and temporal dynamics of the male effective population size in bumblebees (Hymenoptera: Apidae). POPUL ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10144-011-0285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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91
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92
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Lye GC, Lepais O, Goulson D. Reconstructing demographic events from population genetic data: the introduction of bumblebees to New Zealand. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:2888-900. [PMID: 21645159 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05139.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Four British bumblebee species (Bombus terrestris, Bombus hortorum, Bombus ruderatus and Bombus subterraneus) became established in New Zealand following their introduction at the turn of the last century. Of these, two remain common in the United Kingdom (B. terrestris and B. hortorum), whilst two (B. ruderatus and B. subterraneus) have undergone marked declines, the latter being declared extinct in 2000. The presence of these bumblebees in New Zealand provides an unique system in which four related species have been isolated from their source population for over 100 years, providing a rare opportunity to examine the impacts of an initial bottleneck and introduction to a novel environment on their population genetics. We used microsatellite markers to compare modern populations of B. terrestris, B. hortorum and B. ruderatus in the United Kingdom and New Zealand and to compare museum specimens of British B. subterraneus with the current New Zealand population. We used approximate Bayesian computation to estimate demographic parameters of the introduction history, notably to estimate the number of founders involved in the initial introduction. Species-specific patterns derived from genetic analysis were consistent with the predictions based on the presumed history of these populations; demographic events have left a marked genetic signature on all four species. Approximate Bayesian analyses suggest that the New Zealand population of B. subterraneus may have been founded by as few as two individuals, giving rise to low genetic diversity and marked genetic divergence from the (now extinct) UK population.
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Affiliation(s)
- G C Lye
- School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, FK9 4LA, UK.
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93
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Hagen M, Wikelski M, Kissling WD. Space use of bumblebees (Bombus spp.) revealed by radio-tracking. PLoS One 2011; 6:e19997. [PMID: 21603569 PMCID: PMC3095635 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0019997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Accepted: 04/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate estimates of movement behavior and distances travelled by animals are difficult to obtain, especially for small-bodied insects where transmitter weights have prevented the use of radio-tracking. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS Here, we report the first successful use of micro radio telemetry to track flight distances and space use of bumblebees. Using ground surveys and Cessna overflights in a Central European rural landscape mosaic we obtained maximum flight distances of 2.5 km, 1.9 km and 1.3 km for Bombus terrestris (workers), Bombus ruderatus (worker), and Bombus hortorum (young queens), respectively. Bumblebee individuals used large areas (0.25-43.53 ha) within one or a few days. Habitat analyses of one B. hortorum queen at the landscape scale indicated that gardens within villages were used more often than expected from habitat availability. Detailed movement trajectories of this individual revealed that prominent landscape structures (e.g. trees) and flower patches were repeatedly visited. However, we also observed long (i.e. >45 min) resting periods between flights (B. hortorum) and differences in flower-handling between bumblebees with and without transmitters (B. terrestris) suggesting that the current weight of transmitters (200 mg) may still impose significant energetic costs on the insects. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE Spatio-temporal movements of bumblebees can now be tracked with telemetry methods. Our measured flight distances exceed many previous estimates of bumblebee foraging ranges and suggest that travelling long distances to food resources may be common. However, even the smallest currently available transmitters still appear to compromise flower handling performance and cause an increase in resting behavior of bees. Future reductions of transmitter mass and size could open up new avenues for quantifying landscape-scale space use of insect pollinators and could provide novel insights into the behavior and requirements of bumblebees during critical life stages, e.g. when searching for mates, nest locations or hibernation sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Hagen
- Biological Collection, University of Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany.
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94
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Population structure, dispersal and colonization history of the garden bumblebee Bombus hortorum in the Western Isles of Scotland. CONSERV GENET 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10592-011-0190-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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95
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Agnarsson I, Maddison WP, Avilés L. Complete separation along matrilines in a social spider metapopulation inferred from hypervariable mitochondrial DNA region. Mol Ecol 2010; 19:3052-63. [PMID: 20598078 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04681.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The distribution and quantity of genetic diversity may be profoundly influenced by the emergence and dynamics of social groups. Permanent social living in spiders has resulted in the subdivision of their populations in more or less isolated colony lineages that grow, proliferate and become extinct without mixing with one another. A newly discovered hypervariable mitochondrial DNA region allowed us to examine the fine scale metapopulation structure in the social Anelosimus eximius. We sampled 39 colonies in Ecuador and French Guiana and identified 25 haplotypes. The majority of colonies contained one haplotype. Additional haplotypes occurred in approximately 15% of the colonies, and were always closely related to the common colony haplotype. Our findings confirm that colonies consist of single matrilines, with within-colony variation explained by mutations within the matriline. We thus found no evidence of mixing of matrilines. Likewise, colonies in a cluster often shared a haplotype, implying common colony ancestry. In few cases, however, haplotypes were shared between more distant colonies, providing evidence for occasional longer distance dispersal and/or widespread colony lineages. The geographical localities of colonies were incongruent with phylogenetic trees and haplotype networks, showing that some areas contained two or more matrilines. Hence, females do not migrate into foreign colonies, but faithfully remain within their own colony lineage, even when they disperse into new areas. These results indicate that the fine scale metapopulation structure of pure matrilines is maintained over the long term and that colony turnover is not extensive or radical enough to homogenize entire geographical areas. Genetic diversity is thus preserved to some extent at the metapopulation level.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Agnarsson
- Institute of Biology, Scientific Research Centre of the Slovenian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Novi trg 2, PO Box 306, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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96
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Goulson D, Lepais O, O’Connor S, Osborne JL, Sanderson RA, Cussans J, Goffe L, Darvill B. Effects of land use at a landscape scale on bumblebee nest density and survival. J Appl Ecol 2010. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2010.01872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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97
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Charman TG, Sears J, Green RE, Bourke AFG. Conservation genetics, foraging distance and nest density of the scarce Great Yellow Bumblebee (Bombus distinguendus). Mol Ecol 2010; 19:2661-74. [PMID: 20561194 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2010.04697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Charman
- Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK
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