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Kim D, Hwang HY, Kwon HJ. Targeting Autophagy In Disease: Recent Advances In Drug Discovery. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2020; 15:1045-1064. [DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2020.1773429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dasol Kim
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui-Yun Hwang
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho Jeong Kwon
- Chemical Genomics Global Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Yañez MJ, Marín T, Balboa E, Klein AD, Alvarez AR, Zanlungo S. Finding pathogenic commonalities between Niemann-Pick type C and other lysosomal storage disorders: Opportunities for shared therapeutic interventions. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2020; 1866:165875. [PMID: 32522631 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) are diseases characterized by the accumulation of macromolecules in the late endocytic system and are caused by inherited defects in genes that encode mainly lysosomal enzymes or transmembrane lysosomal proteins. Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPCD), a LSD characterized by liver damage and progressive neurodegeneration that leads to early death, is caused by mutations in the genes encoding the NPC1 or NPC2 proteins. Both proteins are involved in the transport of cholesterol from the late endosomal compartment to the rest of the cell. Loss of function of these proteins causes primary cholesterol accumulation, and secondary accumulation of other lipids, such as sphingolipids, in lysosomes. Despite years of studying the genetic and molecular bases of NPCD and related-lysosomal disorders, the pathogenic mechanisms involved in these diseases are not fully understood. In this review we will summarize the pathogenic mechanisms described for NPCD and we will discuss their relevance for other LSDs with neurological components such as Niemann- Pick type A and Gaucher diseases. We will particularly focus on the activation of signaling pathways that may be common to these three pathologies with emphasis on how the intra-lysosomal accumulation of lipids leads to pathology, specifically to neurological impairments. We will show that although the primary lipid storage defect is different in these three LSDs, there is a similar secondary accumulation of metabolites and activation of signaling pathways that can lead to common pathogenic mechanisms. This analysis might help to delineate common pathological mechanisms and therapeutic targets for lysosomal storage diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Yañez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - T Marín
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - E Balboa
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - A D Klein
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Facultad de Medicina, Clínica Alemana Universidad del Desarrollo, Santiago, Chile
| | - A R Alvarez
- Laboratory of Cell Signaling, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Biological Sciences Faculty, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile; CARE UC, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - S Zanlungo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
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Subramaniam S. Rhes Tunnels: A Radical New Way of Communication in the Brain's Striatum? Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900231. [PMID: 32236969 PMCID: PMC7310467 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ras homolog enriched in the striatum (Rhes) is a striatal enriched protein that promotes the formation of thin membranous tubes resembling tunneling nanotubes (TNT)-"Rhes tunnels"-that connect neighboring cell and transport cargoes: vesicles and proteins between the neuronal cells. Here the literature on TNT-like structures is reviewed, and the implications of Rhes-mediated TNT, the mechanisms of its formation, and its potential in novel cell-to-cell communication in regulating striatal biology and disease are emphasized. Thought-provoking ideas regarding how Rhes-mediated TNT, if it exists, in vivo, would radically change the way neurons communicate in the brain are discussed.
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Fossel M. A unified model of dementias and age-related neurodegeneration. Alzheimers Dement 2020; 16:365-383. [PMID: 31943780 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Papanikolopoulou K, Skoulakis EMC. Altered Proteostasis in Neurodegenerative Tauopathies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1233:177-194. [PMID: 32274757 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-38266-7_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies are a heterogeneous group of neurodegenerative dementias involving perturbations in the levels, phosphorylation or mutations of the neuronal microtubule-binding protein Tau. Tauopathies are characterized by accumulation of hyperphosphorylated Tau leading to formation of a range of aggregates including macromolecular ensembles such as Paired Helical filaments and Neurofibrilary Tangles whose morphology characterizes and differentiates these disease states. Why nonphysiological Tau proteins elude the surveillance normal proteostatic mechanisms and eventually form these macromolecular assemblies is a central mostly unresolved question of cardinal importance for diagnoses and potential therapeutic interventions. We discuss the response of the Ubiquitin-Proteasome system, autophagy and the Endoplasmic Reticulum-Unfolded Protein response in Tauopathy models and patients, revealing interactions of components of these systems with Tau, but also of the effects of pathological Tau on these systems which eventually lead to Tau aggregation and accumulation. These interactions point to potential disease biomarkers and future potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Papanikolopoulou
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece
| | - Efthimios M C Skoulakis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Centre "Alexander Fleming", Vari, Greece.
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Subramaniam S. Selective Neuronal Death in Neurodegenerative Diseases: The Ongoing Mystery. THE YALE JOURNAL OF BIOLOGY AND MEDICINE 2019; 92:695-705. [PMID: 31866784 PMCID: PMC6913821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
A major unresolved problem in neurodegenerative disease is why and how a specific set of neurons in the brain are highly vulnerable to neuronal death. Multiple pathways and mechanisms have been proposed to play a role in Alzheimer disease (AD), Parkinson disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Huntington disease (HD), yet how they contribute to neuronal vulnerability remains far from clear. In this review, various mechanisms ascribed in AD, PD, ALS, and HD will be briefly summarized. Particular focus will be placed on Rhes-mediated intercellular transport of the HD protein and its role in mitophagy, in which I will discuss some intriguing observations that I apply to model striatal vulnerability in HD. I may have unintentionally missed referring some studies in this review, and I extend my apologies to the authors in those circumstances.
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Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles with roles in processes involved in degrading and recycling cellular waste, cellular signalling and energy metabolism. Defects in genes encoding lysosomal proteins cause lysosomal storage disorders, in which enzyme replacement therapy has proved successful. Growing evidence also implicates roles for lysosomal dysfunction in more common diseases including inflammatory and autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer and metabolic disorders. With a focus on lysosomal dysfunction in autoimmune disorders and neurodegenerative diseases - including lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer disease and Parkinson disease - this Review critically analyses progress and opportunities for therapeutically targeting lysosomal proteins and processes, particularly with small molecules and peptide drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivasa Reddy Bonam
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Illkirch, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Team Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapy, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Fengjuan Wang
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Illkirch, France
- Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Team Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapy, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Strasbourg, France
| | - Sylviane Muller
- CNRS-University of Strasbourg, Biotechnology and Cell Signalling, Illkirch, France.
- Laboratory of Excellence Medalis, Team Neuroimmunology and Peptide Therapy, Institut de Science et d'Ingénierie Supramoléculaire (ISIS), Strasbourg, France.
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, Strasbourg, France.
- Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg, Strasbourg University, Strasbourg, France.
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Al Rihani SB, Darakjian LI, Kaddoumi A. Oleocanthal-Rich Extra-Virgin Olive Oil Restores the Blood-Brain Barrier Function through NLRP3 Inflammasome Inhibition Simultaneously with Autophagy Induction in TgSwDI Mice. ACS Chem Neurosci 2019; 10:3543-3554. [PMID: 31244050 DOI: 10.1021/acschemneuro.9b00175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a complex neurodegenerative disorder characterized by multiple hallmarks including extracellular amyloid (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, dysfunctional blood-brain barrier (BBB), neuroinflammation, and impaired autophagy. Thus, novel strategies that target multiple disease pathways would be essential to prevent, halt, or treat the disease. A growing body of evidence including our studies supports a protective effect of oleocanthal (OC) and extra-virgin olive oil (EVOO) at early AD stages before the onset of pathology. In addition, we reported previously that OC and EVOO exhibited such effect by restoring the BBB function; however, the mechanism(s) by which OC and EVOO exert such an effect and whether this effect extends to a later stage of AD remain unknown. In this work, we sought first to test the effect of OC-rich EVOO consumption at an advanced stage of the disease in TgSwDI mice, an AD mouse model, starting at the age of 6 months for 3 months treatment, and then to elucidate the mechanism(s) by which OC-rich EVOO exerts the observed beneficial effect. Overall findings demonstrated that OC-rich EVOO restored the BBB function and reduced AD-associated pathology by reducing neuroinflammation through inhibition of NACHT, LRR, and PYD domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and inducing autophagy through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Unc-51-like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) pathway. Thus, diet supplementation with OC-rich EVOO could provide beneficial effect to slow or halt the progression of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweilem B. Al Rihani
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Research Building, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Lucy I. Darakjian
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Research Building, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
| | - Amal Kaddoumi
- Department of Drug Discovery and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Pharmacy Research Building, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
- Center for Neuroscience Initiative, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, United States
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Sharma M, Subramaniam S. Rhes travels from cell to cell and transports Huntington disease protein via TNT-like protrusion. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:1972-1993. [PMID: 31076452 PMCID: PMC6548131 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201807068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tunneling nanotubes (TNT) are membranous tubes that connect two cells, but their functional roles and mechanism of biogenesis remain obscure. Sharma and Subramaniam demonstrate that Rhes, a brain-enriched protein, increases biogenesis of TNT-like cellular protrusions or “Rhes tunnels” through which Rhes travels from cell to cell and transports Huntington disease (HD) protein. Tunneling nanotubes (TNT) are thin, membranous, tunnel-like cell-to-cell connections, but the mechanisms underlying their biogenesis or functional role remains obscure. Here, we report, Rhes, a brain-enriched GTPase/SUMO E3-like protein, induces the biogenesis of TNT-like cellular protrusions, “Rhes tunnels,” through which Rhes moves from cell to cell and transports Huntington disease (HD) protein, the poly-Q expanded mutant Huntingtin (mHTT). The formation of TNT-like Rhes tunnels requires the Rhes’s serine 33, C-terminal CAAX, and a SUMO E3-like domain. Electron microscopy analysis revealed that TNT-like Rhes tunnels appear continuous, cell–cell connections, and <200 nm in diameter. Live-cell imaging shows that Rhes tunnels establish contact with the neighboring cell and deliver Rhes-positive cargoes, which travel across the plasma membrane of the neighboring cell before entering it. The Rhes tunnels carry Rab5a/Lyso 20-positive vesicles and transport mHTT, but not normal HTT, mTOR, or wtTau proteins. SUMOylation-defective mHTT, Rhes C263S (cannot SUMOylate mHTT), or CRISPR/Cas9-mediated depletion of three isoforms of SUMO diminishes Rhes-mediated mHTT transport. Thus, Rhes promotes the biogenesis of TNT-like cellular protrusions and facilitates the cell–cell transport of mHTT involving SUMO-mediated mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Sharma
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL
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van Weering JRT, Scheper W. Endolysosome and Autolysosome Dysfunction in Alzheimer's Disease: Where Intracellular and Extracellular Meet. CNS Drugs 2019; 33:639-648. [PMID: 31165364 PMCID: PMC6647502 DOI: 10.1007/s40263-019-00643-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Disturbed proteostasis as reflected by a massive accumulation of misfolded protein aggregates is a central feature in Alzheimer's disease. Proteostatic disturbances may be caused by a shift in protein production and clearance. Whereas rare genetic causes of the disease affect the production side, sporadic cases appear to be directed by dysfunction in protein clearance. This review focusses on the involvement of lysosome-mediated clearance. Autophagy is a degradational system where intracellular components are degraded by lysosomal organelles. In addition, "outside-to-inside" trafficking through the endosomes converges with the autolysosomal pathway, thereby bringing together intracellular and extracellular components. Recent findings demonstrate that disturbance in the endo- and autolysosomal pathway induces "inside-to-outside" communication via induction of unconventional secretion, which may bear relevance to the spreading of disease pathology through the brain. The involvement of these pathways in the pathogenesis of the disease is discussed with an outlook to the opportunities it provides for diagnostics as well as therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan R. T. van Weering
- 0000 0004 1754 9227grid.12380.38Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands ,0000000084992262grid.7177.6Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wiep Scheper
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, VU Faculty of Science, Vrije Universiteit (VU), De Boelelaan 1085, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands. .,Department of Clinical Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands. .,Alzheimer Center, Amsterdam University Medical Centers Location VUmc, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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61
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Buee L. Dementia Therapy Targeting Tau. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1184:407-416. [PMID: 32096053 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9358-8_30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Tau is a microtubule-associated tau proteins but it has also non-microtubular functions. It aggregates in Alzheimer's disease and many neurodegenerative disorders referred to as tauopathies. Such aggregation may result from mutations on the tau gene, MAPT, dysregulation in alternative splicing, post-translational modifications or truncation. This final chapter addresses some of the various researches on a therapeutic potential around the tau protein and its gene, MAPT. Many therapeutic strategies are ongoing but they are hampered by the lack of knowledge on tau physiological functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Buee
- University of Lille, INSERM, CHU-Lille, Alzheimer & Tauopathies, LabEx DISTALZ, Lille, France.
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