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Aldosterone and Vascular Mineralocorticoid Receptors in Murine Endotoxic and Human Septic Shock*. Crit Care Med 2017; 45:e954-e962. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000002462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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52
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Le Jemtel TH, Richardson W, Samson R, Jaiswal A, Oparil S. Pathophysiology and Potential Non-Pharmacologic Treatments of Obesity or Kidney Disease Associated Refractory Hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep 2017; 19:18. [PMID: 28243928 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-017-0713-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The review assesses the role of non-pharmacologic therapy for obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD) associated refractory hypertension (rf HTN). RECENT FINDINGS Hypertensive patients with markedly heightened sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity are prone to develop refractory hypertension (rfHTN). Patients with obesity and chronic kidney disease (CKD)-associated HTN have particularly heightened SNS activity and are at high risk of rfHTN. The role of bariatric surgery is increasingly recognized in treatment of obesity. Current evidence advocates for a greater role of bariatric surgery in the management of obesity-associated HTN. In contrast, renal denervation does not appear have a role in the management of obesity or CKD-associated HTN. The role of baroreflex activation as adjunctive anti-hypertensive therapy remains to be defined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thierry H Le Jemtel
- Division of Cardiology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. .,Division of Cardiology, Tulane University School of Medicine, 1430 Tulane Ave SL-42, New Orleans, LA, 70112, USA.
| | - William Richardson
- Department of Surgery, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Rohan Samson
- Division of Cardiology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Abhishek Jaiswal
- Division of Cardiology, Tulane University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Suzanne Oparil
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, USA
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DuPont JJ, Jaffe IZ. 30 YEARS OF THE MINERALOCORTICOID RECEPTOR: The role of the mineralocorticoid receptor in the vasculature. J Endocrinol 2017; 234. [PMID: 28634267 PMCID: PMC5518626 DOI: 10.1530/joe-17-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Since the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) was cloned 30 years ago, it has become clear that MR is expressed in extra-renal tissues, including the cardiovascular system, where it is expressed in all cells of the vasculature. Understanding the role of MR in the vasculature has been of particular interest as clinical trials show that MR antagonism improves cardiovascular outcomes out of proportion to changes in blood pressure. The last 30 years of research have demonstrated that MR is a functional hormone-activated transcription factor in vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells. This review summarizes advances in our understanding of the role of vascular MR in regulating blood pressure and vascular function, and its contribution to vascular disease. Specifically, vascular MR contributes directly to blood pressure control and to vascular dysfunction and remodeling in response to hypertension, obesity and vascular injury. The literature is summarized with respect to the role of vascular MR in conditions including: pulmonary hypertension; cerebral vascular remodeling and stroke; vascular inflammation, atherosclerosis and myocardial infarction; acute kidney injury; and vascular pathology in the eye. Considerations regarding the impact of age and sex on the function of vascular MR are also described. Further investigation of the precise molecular mechanisms by which MR contributes to these processes will aid in the identification of novel therapeutic targets to reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD)-related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer J DuPont
- Molecular Cardiology Research InstituteTufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research InstituteTufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
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Schütten MTJ, Houben AJHM, de Leeuw PW, Stehouwer CDA. The Link Between Adipose Tissue Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Signaling and Obesity-Associated Hypertension. Physiology (Bethesda) 2017; 32:197-209. [PMID: 28404736 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00037.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 02/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obese individuals frequently develop hypertension, which is for an important part attributable to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) overactivity. This review summarizes preclinical and clinical evidence on the involvement of dysfunctional adipose tissue in RAAS activation and on the renal, central, and vascular mechanisms linking RAAS components to obesity-associated hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica T J Schütten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alfons J H M Houben
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Peter W de Leeuw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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55
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Samson R, Qi A, Jaiswal A, Le Jemtel TH, Oparil S. Obesity-Associated Hypertension: the Upcoming Phenotype in African-American Women. Curr Hypertens Rep 2017; 19:41. [DOI: 10.1007/s11906-017-0738-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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56
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Barrera-Chimal J, André-Grégoire G, Nguyen Dinh Cat A, Lechner SM, Cau J, Prince S, Kolkhof P, Loirand G, Sauzeau V, Hauet T, Jaisser F. Benefit of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonism in AKI: Role of Vascular Smooth Muscle Rac1. J Am Soc Nephrol 2017; 28:1216-1226. [PMID: 28087726 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2016040477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
AKI is a frequent complication in hospitalized patients. Unfortunately, there is no effective pharmacologic approach for treating or preventing AKI. In rodents, mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonism prevents AKI induced by ischemia-reperfusion (IR). We investigated the specific role of vascular MR in mediating AKI induced by IR. We also assessed the protective effect of MR antagonism in IR-induced AKI in the Large White pig, a model of human AKI. In mice, MR deficiency in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) protected against kidney IR injury. MR blockade by the novel nonsteroidal MR antagonist, finerenone, or genetic deletion of MR in SMCs associated with weaker oxidative stress production. Moreover, ischemic kidneys had higher levels of Rac1-GTP, required for NADPH oxidase activation, than sham control kidneys, and genetic deletion of Rac1 in SMCs protected against AKI. Furthermore, genetic deletion of MR in SMCs blunted the production of Rac1-GTP after IR. Pharmacologic inhibition of MR also prevented AKI induced by IR in the Large White pig. Altogether, we show that MR antagonism, or deletion of the MR gene in SMCs, limited the renal injury induced by IR through effects on Rac1-mediated MR signaling. The benefits of MR antagonism in the pig provide a rational basis for future clinical trials assessing the benefits of this approach in patients with IR-mediated AKI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonatan Barrera-Chimal
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Team 1, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Gwennan André-Grégoire
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Team 1, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Aurelie Nguyen Dinh Cat
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Team 1, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian M Lechner
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Team 1, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Cau
- Unité U1082 Ischemie Reperfusion en Transplantation d'Organes Mécanismes et Innovations Thérapeutiques, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Service de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Pôle BIOlogie Santé publique PHARMacie, Poitiers, France
| | - Sonia Prince
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Team 1, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France
| | - Peter Kolkhof
- Cardiology Research, BAYER Pharma AG, Wuppertal, Germany
| | - Gervaise Loirand
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1087, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France; and
| | - Vincent Sauzeau
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1087, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 6291, l'Institut du Thorax, Nantes, France; and
| | - Thierry Hauet
- Unité U1082 Ischemie Reperfusion en Transplantation d'Organes Mécanismes et Innovations Thérapeutiques, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France.,Service de Biochimie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Poitiers, Pôle BIOlogie Santé publique PHARMacie, Poitiers, France
| | - Frédéric Jaisser
- Unité Mixte de Recherche Scientifique 1138, Team 1, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris Descartes University, Paris, France; .,Clinical Investigation Centre 1433, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Vandoeuvre-lès-Nancy, France
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57
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Deletion of mineralocorticoid receptors in smooth muscle cells blunts renal vascular resistance following acute cyclosporine administration. Kidney Int 2017; 89:354-62. [PMID: 26422501 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2015.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Calcineurin inhibitors such as cyclosporine A (CsA) are still commonly used after renal transplantation, despite CsA--induced nephrotoxicity (CIN), which is partly related to vasoactive mechanisms. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is now recognized as a key player in the control of vascular tone, and both endothelial cell- and vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC)-MR modulate the vasoactive responses to vasodilators and vasoconstrictors. Here we tested whether vascular MR is involved in renal hemodynamic changes induced by CsA. The relative contribution of vascular MR in acute CsA treatment was evaluated using mouse models with targeted deletion of MR in endothelial cell or SMC. Results indicate that MR expressed in SMC, but not in endothelium, contributes to the increase of plasma urea and creatinine, the appearance of isometric tubular vacuolization, and overexpression of a kidney injury biomarker (neutrophil gelatinase--associated lipocalin) after CsA treatment. Inactivation of MR in SMC blunted CsA--induced phosphorylation of contractile proteins. Finally, the in vivo increase of renal vascular resistance induced by CsA was blunted when MR was deleted from SMC cells, and this was associated with decreased L-type Ca2D channel activity. Thus, our study provides new insights into the role of vascular MR in renal hemodynamics during acute CIN, and provides rationale for clinical studies of MR antagonism to manage the side effects of calcineurin inhibitors.
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58
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Ong GSY, Young MJ. Mineralocorticoid regulation of cell function: the role of rapid signalling and gene transcription pathways. J Mol Endocrinol 2017; 58:R33-R57. [PMID: 27821439 DOI: 10.1530/jme-15-0318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and mineralocorticoids regulate epithelial handling of electrolytes, and induces diverse effects on other tissues. Traditionally, the effects of MR were ascribed to ligand-receptor binding and activation of gene transcription. However, the MR also utilises a number of intracellular signalling cascades, often by transactivating unrelated receptors, to change cell function more rapidly. Although aldosterone is the physiological mineralocorticoid, it is not the sole ligand for MR. Tissue-selective and mineralocorticoid-specific effects are conferred through the enzyme 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 2, cellular redox status and properties of the MR itself. Furthermore, not all aldosterone effects are mediated via MR, with implication of the involvement of other membrane-bound receptors such as GPER. This review will describe the ligands, receptors and intracellular mechanisms available for mineralocorticoid hormone and receptor signalling and illustrate their complex interactions in physiology and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory S Y Ong
- Cardiovascular Endocrinology LaboratoryCentre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of MedicineSchool of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Morag J Young
- Cardiovascular Endocrinology LaboratoryCentre for Endocrinology and Metabolism, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of PhysiologySchool of Biomedical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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59
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Zhang Y, Li YH, Liu C, Nie CJ, Zhang XH, Zheng CY, Jiang W, Yin WN, Ren MH, Jin YX, Liu SF, Zheng B, Wen JK. miR-29a regulates vascular neointimal hyperplasia by targeting YY1. Cell Prolif 2016; 50. [PMID: 27910161 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.12322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The formation of vascular neointima is mainly related to impairment of the vascular endothelial barrier and abnormal proliferation and migration of smooth muscle cells. The objective of this study was to investigate whether miR-29a exerts any promoting effect on the vascular neointimal hyperplasia and if so, its mechanism. MATERIALS AND METHODS RT-qPCR was performed to determine expression of miR-29a in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) and vascular neointimal hyperplasia. To further understand its role, we restored its expression in VSMCs by transfection with miR-29a mimics or inhibitors. Effects of miR-29a on cell proliferation were also determined. RESULTS In this study, we used two kinds of model to observe the role of miR-29a in neointimal hyperplasia induced by carotid ligation or balloon injury. The major findings were that: (i) miR-29a overexpression promoted neointimal hyperplasia induced by carotid ligation; (ii) miR-29a increased proliferation of VSMCs, one aspect of which was by targeting expression of Ying and yang 1 protein (YY1), a negative regulator of Cyclin D1. A further aspect, was by increasing expression of Krüppel-like factor 5, a positive regulator of Cyclin D1, thereby allowing formation a synergistic effect. (iii) Tongxinluo (TXL), a traditional Chinese medicine reduced neointimal formation in ligated vessels by inhibiting VSMC proliferation and migration. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide a new molecular mechanism of TXL in decreasing neointima hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yong Hui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Hebei Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Chan-Juan Nie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Cui-Ying Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Wei-Na Yin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China.,Handan First Hospital, Handan, China
| | - Ming-Hui Ren
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yu-Xin Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Shu-Feng Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Bin Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Jin-Kun Wen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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60
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Tawada M, Suzuki Y, Sakata F, Mizuno M, Ito Y. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in dialysis patients. RENAL REPLACEMENT THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s41100-016-0077-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
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61
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review will highlight recent developments in mineralocorticoid receptor research which impact aldosterone-associated vascular and cardiometabolic dysfunction. RECENT FINDINGS The mineralocorticoid receptor is also expressed in vascular smooth muscle and vascular endothelium, and contributes to vascular function and remodeling. Adipocyte-derived leptin stimulates aldosterone secretion, which may explain the observed link between obesity and hyperaldosteronism. Adipocyte mineralocorticoid receptor overexpression produces systemic changes consistent with metabolic syndrome. Ongoing studies with novel nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists may provide a novel treatment for diabetic nephropathy and heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease, with reduced risk of hyperkalemia. SUMMARY Ongoing research continues to demonstrate novel roles of the vascular and adipocyte mineralocorticoid receptor function, which may explain the beneficial metabolic and vascular benefits of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists.
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62
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Jaisser F, Farman N. Emerging Roles of the Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Pathology: Toward New Paradigms in Clinical Pharmacology. Pharmacol Rev 2016; 68:49-75. [PMID: 26668301 DOI: 10.1124/pr.115.011106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) and its ligand aldosterone are the principal modulators of hormone-regulated renal sodium reabsorption. In addition to the kidney, there are several other cells and organs expressing MR, in which its activation mediates pathologic changes, indicating potential therapeutic applications of pharmacological MR antagonism. Steroidal MR antagonists have been used for decades to fight hypertension and more recently heart failure. New therapeutic indications are now arising, and nonsteroidal MR antagonists are currently under development. This review is focused on nonclassic MR targets in cardiac, vascular, renal, metabolic, ocular, and cutaneous diseases. The MR, associated with other risk factors, is involved in organ fibrosis, inflammation, oxidative stress, and aging; for example, in the kidney and heart MR mediates hormonal tissue-specific ion channel regulation. Genetic and epigenetic modifications of MR expression/activity that have been documented in hypertension may also present significant risk factors in other diseases and be susceptible to MR antagonism. Excess mineralocorticoid signaling, mediated by aldosterone or glucocorticoids binding, now appears deleterious in the progression of pathologies that may lead to end-stage organ failure and could therefore benefit from the repositioning of pharmacological MR antagonists.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jaisser
- INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France (F.J., N.F); and University Paris-Est Creteil, Creteil, France (F.J.)
| | - N Farman
- INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Cordeliers Research Center, Pierre et Marie Curie University, Paris, France (F.J., N.F); and University Paris-Est Creteil, Creteil, France (F.J.)
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63
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Elijovich F, Weinberger MH, Anderson CAM, Appel LJ, Bursztyn M, Cook NR, Dart RA, Newton-Cheh CH, Sacks FM, Laffer CL. Salt Sensitivity of Blood Pressure: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. Hypertension 2016; 68:e7-e46. [PMID: 27443572 DOI: 10.1161/hyp.0000000000000047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 301] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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64
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Lother
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, (A.L., L.H.), Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, (A.L.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Hein
- From the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, (A.L., L.H.), Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, (A.L.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (L.H.), University of Freiburg, Germany
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65
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van der Graaf AM, Paauw ND, Toering TJ, Feelisch M, Faas MM, Sutton TR, Minnion M, Lefrandt JD, Scherjon SA, Franx A, Navis G, Lely AT. Impaired sodium-dependent adaptation of arterial stiffness in formerly preeclamptic women: the RETAP-vascular study. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2016; 310:H1827-33. [DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00010.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Women with a history of preeclampsia have an increased risk for cardiovascular diseases later in life. Persistent vascular alterations in the postpartum period might contribute to this increased risk. The current study assessed arterial stiffness under low sodium (LS) and high sodium (HS) conditions in a well-characterized group of formerly early-onset preeclamptic (fPE) women and formerly pregnant (fHP) women. Eighteen fHP and 18 fPE women were studied at an average of 5 yr after pregnancy on 1 wk of LS (50 mmol Na+/day) and 1 wk of HS (200 mmol Na+/day) intake. Arterial stiffness was measured by pulse-wave analysis (aortic augmentation index, AIx) and carotid-femoral pulse-wave velocity (PWV). Circulating markers of the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS), extracellular volume (ECV), nitric oxide (NO), and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) were measured in an effort to identify potential mechanistic elements underlying adaptation of arterial stiffness. AIx was significantly lower in fHP women on LS compared with HS while no difference in AIx was apparent in fPE women. PWV remained unchanged upon different sodium loads in either group. Comparable sodium-dependent changes in RAAS, ECV, and NO/H2S were observed in fHP and fPE women. fPE women have an impaired ability to adapt their arterial stiffness in response to changes in sodium intake, independently of blood pressure, RAAS, ECV, and NO/H2S status. The pathways involved in impaired adaptation of arterial stiffness, and its possible contribution to the increased long-term risk for cardiovascular diseases in fPE women, remain to be investigated. Listen to this article's corresponding podcast at http://ajpheart.podbean.com/e/vascular-health-after-preeclampsia/ .
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Marijn van der Graaf
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Nina D. Paauw
- Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tsjitske J. Toering
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Feelisch
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Marijke M. Faas
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Division of Medical Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Thomas R. Sutton
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Minnion
- Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Joop. D. Lefrandt
- Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and
| | - Sicco A. Scherjon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Arie Franx
- Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Gerjan Navis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - A. Titia Lely
- Department of Obstetrics, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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66
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Bertocchio JP, Barbe C, Lavaud S, Toupance O, Nazeyrollas P, Jaisser F, Rieu P. Safety of Eplerenone for Kidney-Transplant Recipients with Impaired Renal Function and Receiving Cyclosporine A. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153635. [PMID: 27088859 PMCID: PMC4835088 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Animal studies have highlighted the role of vascular mineralocorticoid receptor during Cyclosporine A-induced nephrotoxicity. Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists could improve kidney survival but are not commonly used during renal impairment and in association with several immunosuppressive drugs due to a supposed higher risk of adverse events. We tested the tolerance of eplerenone according to its expected adverse events: hyperkalemia, metabolic acidosis, hypotension, acute kidney failure, or any other adverse event. Methods We conducted a single-center, prospective, open-label study in 31 kidney-transplant recipients with impaired renal function (30 and 50 mL/min/1.73m2) and receiving cyclosporine A. All patients received eplerenone 25 mg/d for 8 weeks. Serum potassium, renal function and expected adverse events were closely monitored. Results Eight patients experienced mild hyperkalemia (>5 mmol/L), one moderate hyperkalemia (>5.5 mmol/L) and had to receive potassium-exchange resin. No severe hyperkalemia (>6 mmol/L) occurred. One acute kidney failure was observed, secondary to diarrhea. Basal serum potassium and bicarbonate were independently associated with a higher risk of developing mild hyperkalemia (>5 mmol/L) under treatment (OR 6.5, p = 0.003 and 0.7, p = 0.007, respectively). A cut-off value of 4.35 mmol/L for basal serum potassium was the best factor to predict the risk of developing mild hyperkalemia (>5 mmol/L). Conclusions Until eGFR falls to 30 mL/min/1.73m2, eplerenone could be safely given to kidney-transplant recipients receiving cyclosporine A, if kalemia is closely monitored. When renal function is impaired and if basal kalemia is >4.35 mmol/L, then clinicians should properly balance risk and benefit of eplerenone use and offer dietary advice. An adequately powered prospective randomized study is now needed to test its efficiency (and safety) in this population. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01834768
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Philippe Bertocchio
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Reims University Hospital, Avenue Cognacq Jay, 51092 Reims CEDEX, France.,INSERM UMRS 1138 -Team 1, Research Centre of Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, 75006 Paris CEDEX, France
| | - Coralie Barbe
- Biostatistics and methodology unit, Reims University Hospital, Avenue Cognacq Jay, 51092 Reims CEDEX, France
| | - Sylvie Lavaud
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Reims University Hospital, Avenue Cognacq Jay, 51092 Reims CEDEX, France
| | - Olivier Toupance
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Reims University Hospital, Avenue Cognacq Jay, 51092 Reims CEDEX, France
| | - Pierre Nazeyrollas
- Biostatistics and methodology unit, Reims University Hospital, Avenue Cognacq Jay, 51092 Reims CEDEX, France
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- INSERM UMRS 1138 -Team 1, Research Centre of Cordeliers, 15 rue de l'école de médecine, 75006 Paris CEDEX, France
| | - Philippe Rieu
- Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation Unit, Reims University Hospital, Avenue Cognacq Jay, 51092 Reims CEDEX, France
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Gueret A, Harouki N, Favre J, Galmiche G, Nicol L, Henry JP, Besnier M, Thuillez C, Richard V, Kolkhof P, Mulder P, Jaisser F, Ouvrard-Pascaud A. Vascular Smooth Muscle Mineralocorticoid Receptor Contributes to Coronary and Left Ventricular Dysfunction After Myocardial Infarction. Hypertension 2016; 67:717-23. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Gueret
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.); Institute for Research and Innovative Biomedicine (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), UFR Médecine-Pharmacie (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), and Plateau d’Imagerie Cardio-Thoracique de l’Université de Rouen (PICTUR) (L.N., C.T., P.M.), Normandy-University, Rouen, France
| | - Najah Harouki
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.); Institute for Research and Innovative Biomedicine (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), UFR Médecine-Pharmacie (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), and Plateau d’Imagerie Cardio-Thoracique de l’Université de Rouen (PICTUR) (L.N., C.T., P.M.), Normandy-University, Rouen, France
| | - Julie Favre
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.); Institute for Research and Innovative Biomedicine (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), UFR Médecine-Pharmacie (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), and Plateau d’Imagerie Cardio-Thoracique de l’Université de Rouen (PICTUR) (L.N., C.T., P.M.), Normandy-University, Rouen, France
| | - Guillaume Galmiche
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.); Institute for Research and Innovative Biomedicine (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), UFR Médecine-Pharmacie (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), and Plateau d’Imagerie Cardio-Thoracique de l’Université de Rouen (PICTUR) (L.N., C.T., P.M.), Normandy-University, Rouen, France
| | - Lionel Nicol
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.); Institute for Research and Innovative Biomedicine (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), UFR Médecine-Pharmacie (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), and Plateau d’Imagerie Cardio-Thoracique de l’Université de Rouen (PICTUR) (L.N., C.T., P.M.), Normandy-University, Rouen, France
| | - Jean-Paul Henry
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.); Institute for Research and Innovative Biomedicine (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), UFR Médecine-Pharmacie (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), and Plateau d’Imagerie Cardio-Thoracique de l’Université de Rouen (PICTUR) (L.N., C.T., P.M.), Normandy-University, Rouen, France
| | - Marie Besnier
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.); Institute for Research and Innovative Biomedicine (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), UFR Médecine-Pharmacie (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), and Plateau d’Imagerie Cardio-Thoracique de l’Université de Rouen (PICTUR) (L.N., C.T., P.M.), Normandy-University, Rouen, France
| | - Christian Thuillez
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.); Institute for Research and Innovative Biomedicine (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), UFR Médecine-Pharmacie (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), and Plateau d’Imagerie Cardio-Thoracique de l’Université de Rouen (PICTUR) (L.N., C.T., P.M.), Normandy-University, Rouen, France
| | - Vincent Richard
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.); Institute for Research and Innovative Biomedicine (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), UFR Médecine-Pharmacie (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), and Plateau d’Imagerie Cardio-Thoracique de l’Université de Rouen (PICTUR) (L.N., C.T., P.M.), Normandy-University, Rouen, France
| | - Peter Kolkhof
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.); Institute for Research and Innovative Biomedicine (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), UFR Médecine-Pharmacie (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), and Plateau d’Imagerie Cardio-Thoracique de l’Université de Rouen (PICTUR) (L.N., C.T., P.M.), Normandy-University, Rouen, France
| | - Paul Mulder
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.); Institute for Research and Innovative Biomedicine (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), UFR Médecine-Pharmacie (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), and Plateau d’Imagerie Cardio-Thoracique de l’Université de Rouen (PICTUR) (L.N., C.T., P.M.), Normandy-University, Rouen, France
| | - Frédéric Jaisser
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.); Institute for Research and Innovative Biomedicine (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), UFR Médecine-Pharmacie (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), and Plateau d’Imagerie Cardio-Thoracique de l’Université de Rouen (PICTUR) (L.N., C.T., P.M.), Normandy-University, Rouen, France
| | - Antoine Ouvrard-Pascaud
- From the Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (Inserm) U1096, Rouen, France (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.); Institute for Research and Innovative Biomedicine (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), UFR Médecine-Pharmacie (A.G., N.H., J.F., L.N., J.-P.H., M.B., C.T., V.R., P.M., A.O.-P.), and Plateau d’Imagerie Cardio-Thoracique de l’Université de Rouen (PICTUR) (L.N., C.T., P.M.), Normandy-University, Rouen, France
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Large artery stiffness and hypertension after antiangiogenic drugs: influence on cancer progression. J Hypertens 2016; 33:1310-7. [PMID: 25715093 DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Systemic hypertension is a frequent side effect of antiangiogenic drugs (AADs) and may represent a marker of efficacy on cancer. We hypothesized that large artery properties are affected by AADs, and contribute to the rise of blood pressure and may be better related to cancer progression and mortality than hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants were studied before AADs (V0), 10 days later (V1) and then every 2 weeks for 6 weeks (V1-V4). We included 57 consecutive patients in whom treatment with sorafenib (400 mg twice daily) or sunitinib (37.5-50 mg once daily) was indicated. The target dose could be adjusted according to tolerance and response. Aortic and carotid stiffness, brachial and central blood pressure and augmentation index were measured noninvasively at each visit. Data regarding cancer progression and mortality were collected at 6 months. Twenty-eight patients (49%) developed hypertension. Brachial SBP significantly increased during follow-up (V0-V1: +9.6 ± 15.2 mmHg, P < 0.001; V0-V4: +6.0 ± 17.8 mmHg, P = 0.04). Central BP, and aortic and carotid stiffness increased independently of brachial BP changes. Aortic and carotid stiffening were associated with cancer progression independently of BP changes [hazard risk 1.24 (1.01-1.51) and 1.34 (1.03-1.73), respectively; P < 0.05], but not with cancer mortality. Brachial SBP had no predictive value. CONCLUSION Large arteries stiffen during AAD treatment partly independently of BP changes. Arterial mechanical properties are associated with BP rise. Arterial stiffening is related with the effects of AAD on cancer progression independently of BP changes. Large artery properties might help monitor AAD therapy in cancer patients.
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Time course and factors predicting arterial stiffness reversal in patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma after adrenalectomy: prospective study of 102 patients. Sci Rep 2016; 6:20862. [PMID: 26883298 PMCID: PMC4756682 DOI: 10.1038/srep20862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary aldosteronism not only results in hypertension but also stiffer arteries. The time course and factors predicting the reversal of arterial stiffness after treatment are unclear. We prospectively enrolled 102 patients with aldosterone-producing adenoma (APA) from March 2006 to January 2012. We measured the pulse wave velocity (PWV) between brachial-ankle (baPWV) and heart-ankle (haPWV) before, 6 and 12 months after their adrenalectomy. After treatment, the PWV decreased significantly during the first 6 months (both p < 0.001), but no further reduction in the following 6 months. The determinant factors for baseline baPWV were age, duration of hypertension, and baseline systolic blood pressure (SBP) in multivariate linear regression analysis, similar with baseline haPWV (determinants: age, duration of hypertension, baseline SBP and diastolic blood pressure (DBP)). In multivariate linear regression analysis, the decrease in DBP at 6 months (ΔDBP0-6mo) and baseline baPWV were significantly associated with the decrease in baPWV at 6 months (ΔbaPWV0-6mo). The associated factors of the change in haPWV at 6 months (ΔhaPWV0-6mo) were baseline haPWV, ΔDBP0-6mo and change in log-transformed plasma renin activity. Our result suggested that reversal of arterial stiffness in APA patients occurred early after adrenalectomy and determined by baseline vascular condition, hemodynamic factors, and humoral factors.
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Lother A, Fürst D, Bergemann S, Gilsbach R, Grahammer F, Huber TB, Hilgendorf I, Bode C, Moser M, Hein L. Deoxycorticosterone Acetate/Salt–Induced Cardiac But Not Renal Injury Is Mediated By Endothelial Mineralocorticoid Receptors Independently From Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2016; 67:130-8. [DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Achim Lother
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (A.L., I.H., C.B., M.M.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L., D.F., S.B., R.G., L.H.), Renal Division, Department of Medicine (F.G., T.B.H.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (T.B.H., L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - David Fürst
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (A.L., I.H., C.B., M.M.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L., D.F., S.B., R.G., L.H.), Renal Division, Department of Medicine (F.G., T.B.H.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (T.B.H., L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stella Bergemann
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (A.L., I.H., C.B., M.M.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L., D.F., S.B., R.G., L.H.), Renal Division, Department of Medicine (F.G., T.B.H.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (T.B.H., L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ralf Gilsbach
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (A.L., I.H., C.B., M.M.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L., D.F., S.B., R.G., L.H.), Renal Division, Department of Medicine (F.G., T.B.H.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (T.B.H., L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Florian Grahammer
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (A.L., I.H., C.B., M.M.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L., D.F., S.B., R.G., L.H.), Renal Division, Department of Medicine (F.G., T.B.H.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (T.B.H., L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Tobias B. Huber
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (A.L., I.H., C.B., M.M.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L., D.F., S.B., R.G., L.H.), Renal Division, Department of Medicine (F.G., T.B.H.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (T.B.H., L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ingo Hilgendorf
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (A.L., I.H., C.B., M.M.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L., D.F., S.B., R.G., L.H.), Renal Division, Department of Medicine (F.G., T.B.H.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (T.B.H., L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bode
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (A.L., I.H., C.B., M.M.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L., D.F., S.B., R.G., L.H.), Renal Division, Department of Medicine (F.G., T.B.H.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (T.B.H., L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Moser
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (A.L., I.H., C.B., M.M.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L., D.F., S.B., R.G., L.H.), Renal Division, Department of Medicine (F.G., T.B.H.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (T.B.H., L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lutz Hein
- From the Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, Heart Center (A.L., I.H., C.B., M.M.), Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology (A.L., D.F., S.B., R.G., L.H.), Renal Division, Department of Medicine (F.G., T.B.H.), and BIOSS Centre for Biological Signaling Studies (T.B.H., L.H.), University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Smoking and Female Sex: Independent Predictors of Human Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells Stiffening. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145062. [PMID: 26661469 PMCID: PMC4678027 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims Recent evidence shows the rigidity of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) contributes to vascular mechanics. Arterial rigidity is an independent cardiovascular risk factor whose associated modifications in VSMC viscoelasticity have never been investigated. This study’s objective was to evaluate if the arterial rigidity risk factors aging, African ancestry, female sex, smoking and diabetes mellitus are associated with VMSC stiffening in an experimental model using a human derived vascular smooth muscle primary cell line repository. Methods Eighty patients subjected to coronary artery bypass surgery were enrolled. VSMCs were extracted from internal thoracic artery fragments and mechanically evaluated using Optical Magnetic Twisting Cytometry assay. The obtained mechanical variables were correlated with the clinical variables: age, gender, African ancestry, smoking and diabetes mellitus. Results The mechanical variables Gr, G’r and G”r had a normal distribution, demonstrating an inter-individual variability of VSMC viscoelasticity, which has never been reported before. Female sex and smoking were independently associated with VSMC stiffening: Gr (apparent cell stiffness) p = 0.022 and p = 0.018, R2 0.164; G’r (elastic modulus) p = 0.019 and p = 0.009, R2 0.184 and G”r (dissipative modulus) p = 0.011 and p = 0.66, R2 0.141. Conclusion Female sex and smoking are independent predictors of VSMC stiffening. This pro-rigidity effect represents an important element for understanding the vascular rigidity observed in post-menopausal females and smokers, as well as a potential therapeutic target to be explored in the future. There is a significant inter-individual variation of VSMC viscoelasticity, which is slightly modulated by clinical variables and probably relies on molecular factors.
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Hwang MH, Yoo JK, Luttrell M, Kim HK, Meade TH, English M, Talcott S, Jaffe IZ, Christou DD. Acute effect of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonism on vascular function in healthy older adults. Exp Gerontol 2015; 73:86-94. [PMID: 26639352 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2015.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) activation by aldosterone may regulate vascular function in health or contribute to vascular dysfunction in cardiovascular disease. Whether the effects are beneficial or detrimental to vascular function appear to be dependent on the integrity of the vascular endothelium and whether the responses are short-term or chronic. Acute modulation of MR activation has resulted in conflicting outcomes on vascular function in young healthy adults. Little is known about the vascular role of aldosterone and MR activation in healthy human aging. The primary objective of this study was to examine whether acute inhibition of MR by the selective antagonist eplerenone, influences vascular function in healthy older adults. We performed a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study in 22 adults (61±1 years; mean±SE, 53-79 years) who were free from overt clinical cardiovascular disease. We measured brachial artery flow-mediated endothelium-dependent dilation and endothelium-independent dilation to sublingual nitroglycerin (0.4 mg) following eplerenone (100 mg/dose, 2 doses, 24h between doses) or placebo. In response to acute MR antagonism, flow-mediated dilation decreased by 19% (from 6.9±0.5 to 5.6±0.6%, P=0.02; placebo vs. eplerenone). Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity also decreased following MR antagonism based on the ratio of phosphorylated eNOS(Ser1177) to total eNOS (1.53±0.08 vs. 1.29±0.06, P=0.02). Nitroglycerin-induced dilation and blood pressure were unaffected (nitroglycerin-induced dilation: 21.9±1.9 vs. 21.0±1.5%, P=0.5 and systolic/diastolic blood pressure: 135/77±4/2 vs. 134/77±4/2 mmHg, P≥0.6). In conclusion, acute MR antagonism impairs vascular endothelial function in healthy older adults without influencing vascular smooth muscle responsiveness to exogenous nitric oxide or blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Hyon Hwang
- Dept of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Division of Health and Exercise Science, Incheon National University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Jeung-Ki Yoo
- Dept of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Meredith Luttrell
- Dept of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR, United States
| | - Han-Kyul Kim
- Dept of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Thomas H Meade
- Dept of Cardiology, Baylor Scott & White Health, College Station, TX, United States; Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX, United States
| | - Mark English
- Dept of Family & Community Medicine, Baylor Scott & White Health, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Susanne Talcott
- Dept of Nutrition and Food Science and Dept of Veterinary Physiology and Pharmacology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute and Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Demetra D Christou
- Dept of Applied Physiology & Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.
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Mueller KB, Bender SB, Hong K, Yang Y, Aronovitz M, Jaisser F, Hill MA, Jaffe IZ. Endothelial Mineralocorticoid Receptors Differentially Contribute to Coronary and Mesenteric Vascular Function Without Modulating Blood Pressure. Hypertension 2015; 66:988-97. [PMID: 26351033 PMCID: PMC4600033 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Arteriolar vasoreactivity tightly regulates tissue-specific blood flow and contributes to systemic blood pressure (BP) but becomes dysfunctional in the setting of cardiovascular disease. The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is known to regulate BP via the kidney and by vasoconstriction in smooth muscle cells. Although endothelial cells (EC) express MR, the contribution of EC-MR to BP and resistance vessel function remains unclear. To address this, we created a mouse with MR specifically deleted from EC (EC-MR knockout [EC-MR-KO]) but with intact leukocyte MR expression and normal renal MR function. Telemetric BP studies reveal no difference between male EC-MR-KO mice and MR-intact littermates in systolic, diastolic, circadian, or salt-sensitive BP or in the hypertensive responses to aldosterone±salt or angiotensin II±l-nitroarginine methyl ester. Vessel myography demonstrated normal vasorelaxation in mesenteric and coronary arterioles from EC-MR-KO mice. After exposure to angiotensin II-induced hypertension, impaired endothelial-dependent relaxation was prevented in EC-MR-KO mice in mesenteric vessels but not in coronary vessels. Mesenteric vessels from angiotensin II-exposed EC-MR-KO mice showed increased maximum responsiveness to acetylcholine when compared with MR-intact vessels, a difference that is lost with indomethacin+l-nitroarginine methyl ester pretreatment. These data support that EC-MR plays a role in regulating endothelial function in hypertension. Although there was no effect of EC-MR deletion on mesenteric vasoconstriction, coronary arterioles from EC-MR-KO mice showed decreased constriction to endothelin-1 and thromboxane agonist at baseline and also after exposure to hypertension. These data support that EC-MR participates in regulation of vasomotor function in a vascular bed-specific manner that is also modulated by risk factors, such as hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katelee Barrett Mueller
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Sackler School of Biomedical Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (K.B.M., M.A., I.Z.J.); Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (S.B.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (S.B.B., K.H., Y.Y., M.A.H.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine (K.H., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and INSERM, UMR 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (F.J.)
| | - Shawn B Bender
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Sackler School of Biomedical Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (K.B.M., M.A., I.Z.J.); Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (S.B.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (S.B.B., K.H., Y.Y., M.A.H.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine (K.H., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and INSERM, UMR 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (F.J.)
| | - Kwangseok Hong
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Sackler School of Biomedical Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (K.B.M., M.A., I.Z.J.); Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (S.B.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (S.B.B., K.H., Y.Y., M.A.H.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine (K.H., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and INSERM, UMR 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (F.J.)
| | - Yan Yang
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Sackler School of Biomedical Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (K.B.M., M.A., I.Z.J.); Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (S.B.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (S.B.B., K.H., Y.Y., M.A.H.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine (K.H., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and INSERM, UMR 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (F.J.)
| | - Mark Aronovitz
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Sackler School of Biomedical Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (K.B.M., M.A., I.Z.J.); Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (S.B.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (S.B.B., K.H., Y.Y., M.A.H.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine (K.H., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and INSERM, UMR 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (F.J.)
| | - Frederic Jaisser
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Sackler School of Biomedical Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (K.B.M., M.A., I.Z.J.); Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (S.B.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (S.B.B., K.H., Y.Y., M.A.H.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine (K.H., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and INSERM, UMR 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (F.J.)
| | - Michael A Hill
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Sackler School of Biomedical Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (K.B.M., M.A., I.Z.J.); Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (S.B.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (S.B.B., K.H., Y.Y., M.A.H.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine (K.H., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and INSERM, UMR 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (F.J.)
| | - Iris Z Jaffe
- From the Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, and Sackler School of Biomedical Graduate Studies, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA (K.B.M., M.A., I.Z.J.); Research Service, Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Hospital, Columbia, MO (S.B.B.); Department of Biomedical Sciences (S.B.B.), Dalton Cardiovascular Research Center (S.B.B., K.H., Y.Y., M.A.H.), and Department of Medical Pharmacology and Physiology, School of Medicine (K.H., M.A.H.), University of Missouri, Columbia; and INSERM, UMR 1138, Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (F.J.).
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Te Riet L, van Esch JHM, Roks AJM, van den Meiracker AH, Danser AHJ. Hypertension: renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system alterations. Circ Res 2015; 116:960-75. [PMID: 25767283 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.303587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 428] [Impact Index Per Article: 47.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Blockers of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), that is, renin inhibitors, angiotensin (Ang)-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors, Ang II type 1 receptor antagonists, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists, are a cornerstone in the treatment of hypertension. How exactly they exert their effect, in particular in patients with low circulating RAAS activity, also taking into consideration the so-called Ang II/aldosterone escape that often occurs after initial blockade, is still incompletely understood. Multiple studies have tried to find parameters that predict the response to RAAS blockade, allowing a personalized treatment approach. Consequently, the question should now be answered on what basis (eg, sex, ethnicity, age, salt intake, baseline renin, ACE or aldosterone, and genetic variance) a RAAS blocker can be chosen to treat an individual patient. Are all blockers equal? Does optimal blockade imply maximum RAAS blockade, for example, by combining ≥2 RAAS blockers or by simply increasing the dose of 1 blocker? Exciting recent investigations reveal a range of unanticipated extrarenal effects of aldosterone, as well as a detailed insight in the genetic causes of primary aldosteronism, and mineralocorticoid receptor blockers have now become an important treatment option for resistant hypertension. Finally, apart from the deleterious ACE-Ang II-Ang II type 1 receptor arm, animal studies support the existence of protective aminopeptidase A-Ang III-Ang II type 2 receptor and ACE2-Ang-(1 to 7)-Mas receptor arms, paving the way for multiple new treatment options. This review provides an update about all these aspects, critically discussing the many controversies and allowing the reader to obtain a full understanding of what we currently know about RAAS alterations in hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luuk Te Riet
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joep H M van Esch
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton J M Roks
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton H van den Meiracker
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A H Jan Danser
- From the Division of Pharmacology and Vascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Tarjus A, Martínez-Martínez E, Amador C, Latouche C, El Moghrabi S, Berger T, Mak TW, Fay R, Farman N, Rossignol P, Zannad F, López-Andrés N, Jaisser F. Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin, a Novel Mineralocorticoid Biotarget, Mediates Vascular Profibrotic Effects of Mineralocorticoids. Hypertension 2015; 66:158-66. [PMID: 25987661 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.05431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor has been shown to be deleterious in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). We have recently shown that lipocalin 2 (Lcn2), or neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), is a primary target of aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor in the cardiovascular system. Lcn2 is a circulating protein, which binds matrix metalloproteinase 9 and modulates its stability. We hypothesized that Lcn2 could be a mediator of aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor profibrotic effects in the cardiovascular system. Correlations between aldosterone and profibrotic markers, such as procollagen type I N-terminal peptide, were investigated in healthy subjects and subjects with abdominal obesity. The implication of Lcn2 in the mineralocorticoid pathway was studied using Lcn2 knockout mice subjected to a nephrectomy/aldosterone/salt (NAS) challenge for 4 weeks. In human subjects, NGAL/matrix metalloproteinase 9 was positively correlated with plasma aldosterone and fibrosis biomarkers. In mice, loss of Lcn2 prevented the NAS-induced increase of plasma procollagen type I N-terminal peptide, as well as the increase of collagen fibers deposition and collagen I expression in the coronary vessels and the aorta. The lack of Lcn2 also blunted the NAS-induced increase in systolic blood pressure. Ex vivo, treatment of human fibroblasts with recombinant Lcn2 induced the expression of collagen I and the profibrotic galectin-3 and cardiotrophin-1 molecules. Our results showed that Lcn2 plays a key role in aldosterone/mineralocorticoid receptor-mediated vascular fibrosis. The clinical data indicate that this may translate in human patients. Lcn2 is, therefore, a new biotarget in cardiovascular fibrosis induced by mineralocorticoid activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Tarjus
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Ernesto Martínez-Martínez
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Cristian Amador
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Céline Latouche
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Soumaya El Moghrabi
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Thorsten Berger
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Tak W Mak
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Renaud Fay
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Nicolette Farman
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Faiez Zannad
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Natalia López-Andrés
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.)
| | - Frédéric Jaisser
- From the INSERM UMR 1138 Team 1, Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, Université Pierre et Marie Curie, Paris, France (A.T., C.A., C.L., S.E.M., N.F., F.J.); NAVARRABIOMED-FUNDACIÓN MIGUEL SERVET, Pamplona, Spain (E.M.-M., N.L.-A.); The Campbell Family Institute for Cancer Research, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada (T.B., T.W.M.); INSERM, Centre d'Investigations Cliniques-Plurithématique 1433, CHU de Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); Université de Lorraine, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.); and INI-CRCT F-CRIN, Nancy, France (R.F., P.R., F.Z., N.L.-A., F.J.).
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Microvascular function. J Hypertens 2015; 33:928-30. [DOI: 10.1097/hjh.0000000000000538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Aldosterone and the mineralocorticoid receptor contribute to resistant hypertension and cardiovascular mortality, and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists effectively reduce these complications. Their use is limited in certain populations with a higher risk of hyperkalemia or renal dysfunction. This review will highlight recent developments in extra-renal mineralocorticoid receptor research and the development of novel mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists. RECENT FINDINGS Tissue-specific knockout-out models provide definitive evidence that the vascular mineralocorticoid receptor directly contributes to hypertension and vascular remodeling, independent of renal effects. Several nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are in preclinical development or early-stage clinical trials. Several nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists have demonstrated preserved cardiovascular benefit with a reduced incidence of hyperkalemia in preclinical studies. SUMMARY Novel, potent nonsteroidal mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists are in development, although their effect on cardiovascular and adverse drug events requires further investigation.
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78
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Vascular mineralocorticoid receptor and blood pressure regulation. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2015; 21:138-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Hübner CA, Schroeder BC, Ehmke H. Regulation of vascular tone and arterial blood pressure: role of chloride transport in vascular smooth muscle. Pflugers Arch 2015; 467:605-14. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1684-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2014] [Revised: 12/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Ferrario CM, Schiffrin EL. Role of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists in cardiovascular disease. Circ Res 2015; 116:206-13. [PMID: 25552697 PMCID: PMC4283558 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.116.302706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aldosterone exerts its best known sodium homeostasis actions by controlling sodium excretion at the level of the distal tubules via activation of the apical epithelial sodium channel and the basolateral Na(+)/K(+)ATPase pump. Recently, this mineralocorticoid hormone has been demonstrated to act on the heart and blood vessels. Excess release of aldosterone in relation to the salt status induces both genomic and nongenomic effects that by promoting endothelial dysfunction, and vascular and cardiorenal adverse remodeling, contribute to the target organ damage found in hypertension, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and chronic renal failure. Mineralocorticoid receptor blockers have been shown to be highly effective in resistant hypertension and to slow down heart failure progression, and in experimental animals, the development of atherosclerosis. Blockade of the action of aldosterone and potentially other mineralocorticoid steroids has been increasingly demonstrated to be an extremely beneficial therapy in different forms of cardiovascular disease. This review provides a summary of the knowledge that exists on aldosterone actions in the cardiovascular system and, in providing the translational impact of this knowledge to the clinical arena, illustrates how much more needs to be achieved in exploring the use of mineralocorticoid receptor blockers in less advanced stages of heart, renal, and vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M Ferrario
- From the Hypertension Translational Research Laboratory, Departments of Surgery, Internal Medicine-Nephrology, and Physiology-Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Science Center, Winston Salem, NC (C.M.F.); and Department of Medicine and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada (E.L.S.).
| | - Ernesto L Schiffrin
- From the Hypertension Translational Research Laboratory, Departments of Surgery, Internal Medicine-Nephrology, and Physiology-Pharmacology, Wake Forest University Health Science Center, Winston Salem, NC (C.M.F.); and Department of Medicine and Lady Davis Institute for Medical Research, SMBD-Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, PQ, Canada (E.L.S.)
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Abstract
The clinical impact of cardiovascular disease cannot be underestimated. Equally, the importance of cost-effective management of cardiac failure is a pressing issue in the face of an ageing population and the increasing incidence of metabolic disorders worldwide. Targeting the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) offers one approach for the treatment of heart failure with current strategies for novel MR therapeutics focusing on harnessing their cardio-protective benefits, but limiting the side effects of existing agents. It is now well accepted that activation of the MR in the cardiovascular system promotes tissue inflammation and fibrosis and has negative consequences for cardiac function and patient outcomes following cardiac events. Indeed, blockade of the MR using one of the two available antagonists (spironolactone and eplerenone) provides significant cardio-protective effects in the clinical and experimental setting. Although the pathways downstream of MR that translate receptor activation into tissue inflammation, fibrosis and dysfunction are still being elucidated, a series of recent studies using cell-selective MR (NR3C2)-null or MR-overexpressing mice have offered many new insights into the role of MR in cardiovascular disease and the control of blood pressure. Dissecting the cell-specific roles of MR signalling in the heart and vasculature to identify those pathways that are critical for MR-dependent responses is an important step towards achieving cardiac-selective therapeutics. The goal of this review is to discuss recent advances in this area that have emerged from the study of tissue-selective MR-null mice, and other targeted transgenic models and their relevance to clinical disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morag J Young
- Cardiovascular EndocrinologyMIMR-PHI Institute, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton 3168, AustraliaDepartment of PhysiologyMonash University, Clayton 3168, Australia Cardiovascular EndocrinologyMIMR-PHI Institute, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton 3168, AustraliaDepartment of PhysiologyMonash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Amanda J Rickard
- Cardiovascular EndocrinologyMIMR-PHI Institute, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton 3168, AustraliaDepartment of PhysiologyMonash University, Clayton 3168, Australia Cardiovascular EndocrinologyMIMR-PHI Institute, 27-31 Wright St, Clayton 3168, AustraliaDepartment of PhysiologyMonash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
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82
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Luther JM. Effects of aldosterone on insulin sensitivity and secretion. Steroids 2014; 91:54-60. [PMID: 25194457 PMCID: PMC4252580 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 08/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dr. Conn originally reported an increased risk of diabetes in patients with hyperaldosteronism in the 1950s, although the mechanism remains unclear. Aldosterone-induced hypokalemia was initially described to impair glucose tolerance by impairing insulin secretion. Correction of hypokalemia by potassium supplementation only partially restored insulin secretion and glucose tolerance, however. Aldosterone also impairs glucose-stimulated insulin secretion in isolated pancreatic islets via reactive oxygen species in a mineralocorticoid receptor-independent manner. Aldosterone-induced mineralocorticoid receptor activation also impairs insulin sensitivity in adipocytes and skeletal muscle. Aldosterone may produce insulin resistance secondarily by altering potassium, increasing inflammatory cytokines, and reducing beneficial adipokines such as adiponectin. Renin-angiotensin system antagonists reduce circulating aldosterone concentrations and also the risk of type 2 diabetes in clinical trials. These data suggest that primary and secondary hyperaldosteronism may contribute to worsening glucose tolerance by impairing insulin sensitivity or insulin secretion in humans. Future studies should define the effects of MR antagonists and aldosterone on insulin secretion and sensitivity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Luther
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States.
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83
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Koenig JB, Jaffe IZ. Direct role for smooth muscle cell mineralocorticoid receptors in vascular remodeling: novel mechanisms and clinical implications. Curr Hypertens Rep 2014; 16:427. [PMID: 24633842 DOI: 10.1007/s11906-014-0427-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a key regulator of blood pressure. MR antagonist drugs are used to treat hypertension and heart failure, resulting in decreased mortality by mechanisms that are not completely understood. In addition to the kidney, MR is also expressed in the smooth muscle cells (SMCs) of the vasculature, where it is activated by the hormone aldosterone and affects the expression of genes involved in vascular function at the cellular and systemic levels. Following vascular injury due to mechanical or physiological stresses, vessels undergo remodeling resulting in SMC hypertrophy, migration, and proliferation, as well as vessel fibrosis. Exuberant vascular remodeling is associated with poor outcomes in cardiovascular patients. This review compiles recent findings on the specific role of SMC-MR in the vascular remodeling process. The development and characterization of a SMC-specific MR-knockout mouse has demonstrated a direct role for SMC-MR in vascular remodeling. Additionally, several novel mechanisms contributing to SMC-MR-mediated vascular remodeling have been identified and are reviewed here, including Rho-kinase signaling, placental growth factor signaling through vascular endothelial growth factor type 1 receptor, and galectin signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny B Koenig
- Sackler School of Graduate Biomedical Sciences at Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,
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84
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Lang F, Ritz E, Alesutan I, Voelkl J. Impact of aldosterone on osteoinductive signaling and vascular calcification. Nephron Clin Pract 2014; 128:40-5. [PMID: 25377380 DOI: 10.1159/000368268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular calcification is frequently found already in early stages of chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients and is associated with high cardiovascular risk. The process of vascular calcification is not considered a passive phenomenon but involves, at least in part, phenotypical transformation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). Following exposure to excessive extracellular phosphate concentrations, VSMCs undergo a reprogramming into osteo-/chondroblast-like cells. Such 'vascular osteoinduction' is characterized by expression of osteogenic transcription factors and triggered by increased phosphate concentrations. A key role in this process is assigned to cellular phosphate transporters, most notably the type III sodium-dependent phosphate transporter Pit1. Pit1 expression is stimulated by mineralocorticoid receptor activation. Therefore, aldosterone participates in the phenotypical transformation of VSMCs. In preclinical models, aldosterone antagonism reduces vascular osteoinduction. Patients with CKD suffer from hyperphosphatemia predisposing to vascular osteogenic transformation, potentially further fostered by concomitant hyperaldosteronism. Clearly, additional research is required to define the role of aldosterone in the regulation of osteogenic signaling and the consecutive vascular calcification in CKD, but more generally also other diseases associated with excessive vascular calcification and even in individuals without overt disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Lang
- Department of Physiology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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85
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Role of smooth muscle cell mineralocorticoid receptor in vascular tone. Pflugers Arch 2014; 467:1643-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00424-014-1616-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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86
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Lother A, Moser M, Bode C, Feldman RD, Hein L. Mineralocorticoids in the heart and vasculature: new insights for old hormones. Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol 2014; 55:289-312. [PMID: 25251996 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-pharmtox-010814-124302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The mineralocorticoid aldosterone is a key regulator of water and electrolyte homeostasis. Numerous recent developments have advanced the field of mineralocorticoid pharmacology—namely, clinical trials have shown the beneficial effects of aldosterone antagonists in chronic heart failure and post-myocardial infarction treatment. Experimental studies using cell type-specific gene targeting of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) gene in mice have revealed the importance of extrarenal aldosterone signaling in cardiac myocytes, endothelial cells, vascular smooth cells, and macrophages. In addition, several molecular pathways involving signal transduction via the classical MR as well as the G protein-coupled receptor GPER mediate the diverse spectrum of effects of aldosterone on cells. This knowledge has initiated the development of new pharmacological ligands to specifically interfere with targets on different levels of aldosterone signaling. For example, aldosterone synthase inhibitors such as LCI699 and the novel nonsteroidal MR antagonist BAY 94-8862 have been tested in clinical trials. Interference with the interaction between MR and its coregulators seems to be a promising strategy toward the development of selective MR modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Achim Lother
- Heart Center, Department of Cardiology and Angiology I, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany;
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87
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Zhang X, Liu J, Pang X, Zhao J, Wang S, Wu D. Aldosterone induces C-reactive protein expression via MR-ROS-MAPK-NF-κB signal pathway in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2014; 395:61-8. [PMID: 25109280 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2014.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2014] [Revised: 07/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Atherosclerosis is a chronic inflammatory disease in the vessel. As a representative inflammatory cytokine, C-reactive protein (CRP) participates in atherogenesis. Although hyperaldosteronism is known to evoke inflammatory response in several tissues and cell types, there is no direct evidence to demonstrate the proinflammatory effect of aldosterone on vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) through CRP. In this study, we observed the effect of aldosterone on CRP expression and the molecular mechanisms in rat VSMCs. The results showed that aldosterone induced CRP expression in VSMCs in vitro and in vivo. Mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) antagonist spironolactone abolished aldosterone-induced CRP expression. In addition, aldosterone stimulated generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activated ERK1/2 phosphorylation, whereas spironolactone inhibited aldosterone-stimulated ROS generation and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. Antioxidant NAC decreased aldosterone-induced CRP expression and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. The further study confirmed that ERK1/2 inhibitor PD98059 and NF-κB inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate both depressed aldosterone-induced CRP expression. These demonstrate that aldosterone is able to induce CRP expression via MR-ROS-ERK1/2-NF-κB signal pathway in VSMCs, which provides a new evidence for the proinflammatory and proatherosclerotic effects of aldosterone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolu Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Juntian Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China.
| | - Xiaoming Pang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Jingjing Zhao
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Shuyue Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Xi'an Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Xi'an 710061, China
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88
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89
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Schmitz B, Brand SM, Brand E. Aldosterone signaling and soluble adenylyl cyclase-a nexus for the kidney and vascular endothelium. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2014; 1842:2601-9. [PMID: 24907563 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The steroid hormone aldosterone regulates the reabsorption of water and ions in the kidney and plays a central role in blood pressure regulation and homeostasis. In recent years, the vascular endothelium has been established as an important aldosterone target organ with major implications in renal and cardiovascular health and disease. Different lines of evidence suggest that the calcium- and bicarbonate-activated soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) is a novel mediator of aldosterone signaling in both the kidney and vascular endothelium. This review summarizes our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms of sAC gene expression regulation in the kidney and vascular endothelium and outlines the potential clinical implications of sAC in chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular disease. This review is part of a special issue entitled: The role of soluble adenylyl cyclase in health and disease. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: The role of soluble adenylyl cyclase in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Schmitz
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Horstmarer Landweg 39, 48149 Muenster, Germany; Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Stefan-Martin Brand
- Institute of Sports Medicine, Molecular Genetics of Cardiovascular Disease, University Hospital Muenster, Horstmarer Landweg 39, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Eva Brand
- Internal Medicine D, Department of Nephrology, Hypertension and Rheumatology, University Hospital Muenster, Albert-Schweitzer-Campus 1, 48149 Muenster, Germany.
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90
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Briet M. Mineralocorticoid receptor, the main player in aldosterone-induced large artery stiffness. Hypertension 2013; 63:442-3. [PMID: 24296283 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie Briet
- Department of Pharmacology, Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire d'Angers, 4 Rue Larrey, 49100 Angers, France.
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